hawaiian plant dna library ll: endemic, indigenous, and ... · 1417-1424 dubautia paleata a. gray...
TRANSCRIPT
Pacific Science (1999), vol. 53, no. 4: 401-417© 1999 by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved
Hawaiian Plant DNA Library ll: Endemic, Indigenous, andIntroduced Species1
REBECCA A. RANDELL2 AND CLIFFORD W. MORDEN2 ,3
ABSTRACT: The Hawaiian Plant DNA Library of endemic and indigenousplant species preserves genetic material from all Hawaiian Islands. DNA accession numbers are reported here for 155 native species representing 92 generaand 48 families. Federal status of endangered species is indicated where applicable. Accessions for 71 species in 52 genera and 10 families of introduced species are also reported. Pest and invasive species are also indicated.
OVER 86% OF HAWAIIAN vascular plant species are endemic (Wagner 1991). This astounding array of endemism is unfortunatelycoupled with an alarming rate of endangerment. Since the last publication of the Hawaiian Plant DNA Library (HPDL) (Morden et al. 1996), an additional 65 endangeredHawaiian plant species have been registeredby the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1999).The total of 263 endangered plant species inHawai'i comprises over 46% of the nation'sendangered plant species (cf. U.S. Fish andWildlife Service 1999). Nearly one-half of thespecies of native flora in Hawai'i is considered either threatened, endangered, or ofconcern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service(1999; see also Wagner 1990).
Major threats to the flora continue tocome in the form of direct or indirect humanactivities. These include habitat disturbanceand destruction, fire, and introduction ofalien animals (feral ungulates, urvids, androdents), as well as invasion by alien plantand invertebrate species. The HPDL projectwas begun in 1992 with the goal of preservinggenetic material of the rapidly diminishingnative flora. DNA has been acquired fromremote and infrequently visited regions of theIslands as well as from more accessible locations. These collections provide a basis for
1 Manuscript accepted 19 February 1999.2 Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at
Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822.3 Center for Conservation Research and Training,
University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i96822.
genetic research (Morden et al. 1996). Wereport an additional 883 accessions of nativespecies, with 127 endemic and 28 indigenousspecies, in 92 genera and 48 families. Thefederal status of accessioned species is alsoindicated. Accessions from 39 endangered,five proposed endangered, and two candidatetaxa were generously provided by botanicalgardens, arboretums, and collectors doingactive research on these groups.
Of the 4600 alien plants introduced toHawai'i, over 891 have naturalized and 86have become a serious threat to native ecosystems (Smith 1985, Vitousek et al. 1997).Here we have also included 226 accessionsfrom 71 introduced species representing 52genera and 10 families. These collections coincide with our attempts to understand andcontrol these organisms in Hawai'i. Introduced species have been classified intofour categories: (1) of possible Polynesian introduction, .(2) alien or nonnative, (3) pest("displaying disruptive impact on the naturalprocesses of native ecosystems" [Smith1985]), or (4) invasive (able to penetrate anddisrupt native communities [Smith 1985]).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Leaf material was collected in the field andstored in self-sealing plastic bags at 4°C untilprocessed. Voucher specimens collected by uswere deposited at B. P. Bishop Museum(BISH); those plants collected for us by othershave been deposited as indicated in Tables 1and 2. Isolation of total cellular DNA was
401
TABLE 1
ENDEMIC AND INDIGENOUS PLANT SPECIES FROM WHICH DNA HAs B!illN EXTRACTED (EACH ENTRY REpRESENTS ASEPARATE POPULATION, SOME OF WHICH HAVE BEENSAMPLED ONLY ONCE, OTHERS SEVERAL TIMES, AS INDICATED BY MULTIPLE AND/OR ARANGE OF ACCESSION NUMBERS)
ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORIGIN" STATUSb LOCATION" VOUCHER
PTERIDOYPHYTES
Asp1eniaceae983 Asplenium rhipidoneuron Rob. End Ke'amuku Flow, H C. Morden 14232088 Diellia erecta Brack. End E Unknown Lyon Arb.d.e
MONOCOTYLEDONEAECyperaceae
1682 Carex meyenii Nees Ind Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 15431682 Fimbrystylis cymosa R. Brown Ind Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 15782087 Gahnia gahniiformis (Gaud.) A. Heller Ind Hualalai, H C. Morden 15811768 M ariscus javanicus (Routt.) Merr & Ind Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. sn!
Metcalf1769 Rhynchospora chinensis Nees & Meyen Ind Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. sn!
Joinvilleaceae1771 Joinvillea ascendens Gaud. ex Brongn. End SOC Pu'ukukui, WM Lyon Arb.d,e P14780001
& Gris. subsp. ascendensPandanaceae
1782 Freycinetia arborea Gaud. Ind Hawai'iloa Ridge Trail, 0 Lyon Arb.d.eP13380001Poaceae
Eragrostideae1684 Eragrostis grandis Hillebr. End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1545
Paniceae1732 Cenchrus agrimonioides Trin. var. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1554
agrimonioides1354 Isachne distichophylla Munro ex End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1577
Hillebr.1683 Panicum nephelophilum Gaud. End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 15441205 Panicum torridum Gaud. End M T. Motley sn.1294 Panicum torridum Gaud. End Ka'eo, Mo V. Caraway 4
DICOTYLEDONEAEAmaranthaceae
2105 Acharanthes splendens Mart. ex Moq. End E Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 15741669 Charpentiera tomentosa Sohmer End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1531
Apocynaceae1749 Alyxia oliviformis Gaud. End Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. sn!
Araliaceae1310 Tetraplasandra oahuensis (A. Gray) End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 20
Harms
1750 Tetraplasandra oahuensis (A. Gray) End Near Po'omau, K Lyon Arb.d•e L98.0059
HarmsAsteraceae
1099 Argyroxiphium sandwicense DC subsp. End T Ha1eakala, M G. Carr 1494macrocephalum (A. Gray) Meyrat
1192 Argyroxiphium caligens C. Forbes x End 'Eke, WM G. Carr 1457Dubautia laxa Hook. & Arnott
1178 Argyroxiphium grayanum (Hillebr.) End Upper Hana rain forest, M G. Carr 1326Degener x Dubautia dolosa(Degener & Sherff) G. Carr
1201 Argyroxiphium grayanum (Hillebr.) End Pu'ukukui, WM G. Carr 1461Degener x Dubautia plantagineaGaud.
1189 Argyroxiphium kauense (Rock & M. End E/- MaunaLoa, H G. Carr, AK x DSCSd
Neal) Degener & 1. Degener xDubautia scabra (DC) D. Keck
1565 Argyroxiphium sandwicense DC subsp. End E/- Waipahoehoe Gulch, H C. Morden 1520sandwicense x Dubautia ciliolata(DC) D. Keck
2104 Artemisia australis Less. End Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 15731751 Artemisia mauiensis (A. Gray) Skottsb. End Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. sn!1675 Eidens torta Sherff End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 15361482 Dubautia arborea (A. Gray) D. Keck End SOC Waipahoehoe Gulch, H C. Morden 14561566-1585 Dubautia arborea (A. Gray) D. Keck End SOC Pu'u La'au, Mauna Kea, H R. Robichaux sn.1481, 1483-1491 Dubautia ciliolata (DC) D. Keck End Waipahoehoe Gulch, H C. Morden 1455, 1457, 14651545-1564 Dubautia ciliolata (DC) D. Keck End Near Waipahoehoe Gulch, H C. Morden 15191182, 1188, 1194 Dubautia imbricata St. John & G. Carr End SOC Wahiawa drainage, K G. Carr, C1411; B. Baldwin 667d
subsp. imbricata1176 Dubautia knudsenii Hillebr. subsp. End SOC Awa'awapuhi Trail, K G. Carr 1047A
filiformis1314 Dubautia latifolia (A. Gray) D. Keck End E Makaha Ridge, K V. Caraway 24919-928 Dubautia laxa Hook. & Arnott End 'Aipo Iki Bog, K R. Robichaux, sn.1295-1300 Dubautia laxa Hook. & Arnott End Pa1ikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 5-101649-1656 Dubautia menziesii (A. Gray) D. Keck End Ko'olau Gap, M M. LeGrand sn.1191 Dubautia paleata A. Gray End Mt. Wai'a1e'a1e, K G. Carr 12631417-1424 Dubautia paleata A. Gray End Alaka'i Swamp, K D. Carino sn.1195 Dubautia plantaginea Gaud. subsp. End C Blue Hole, K B. Baldwin 776d
magnifolia (Sherff) G. Carr1301, 1303-1304 Dubautia plantaginea Gaud. End Pa1ikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 11, 13-14929-948 Dubautia raillardioides Hil1ebr. End Pihea Trail, K R. Robichaux, sn.1408-1416 Dubautia raillardioides Hiliebr. End Alaka'i Swamp, K D. Carino sn.1185 Dubautia scabra (DC) D. Keck subsp. End EastM G. Carr 953
leiophylla (A. Gray) G. Carr
TABLE 1 (continued)
ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORlGIN" STATUSb LOCATION" VOUCHER
1492-1544 Dubautia arborea (A. Gray) D. Keck x End Waipahoehoe Gulch, H C. Morden 1466-1518ciliolata (DC) D. Keck
1586 Dubautia scabra (DC) D ..Keck x End Devastation Trail, H G. Carr 1520ciliolata (DC) D. Keck
1197 Dubautia laevigata A. Gray x laxa End Kalalau Lookout, K G. Carr 1370Hook. & Amott
1425-1434 Dubautia paleata A. Gray x End Alaka'i Swamp, K Debbie Carino sn.raillardioides Hillebr.
1179 Dubautia pauciflorula St. John & G. End Wahiawa Bog, K G. Carr 1329Carr x raillardioides Hillebr.
1098 Dubautia pauciflorula St. John & G. End Wahiawa drainage, K G. Carr 1329Carr x raillardioides Hillebr.
1302, 1305 Dubautia plantaginea Gaud. x laxa End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 12, 15Hook. & Amott
1291 Gnaphalium sandwicensium Gaud. var. End SOC Mo'omomi dunes, Mo V. Caraway 1molokaiense Degener & Sherif
1731 Hesperomannia arbuscula Hillebr. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 15531960-1968 Hesperomannia arbuscula Hillebr. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arb. PH 4-122100 Lipochaeta lobata (Gaud.) DC End Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1569987 Lipochaeta subcordata A. Gray End Ke'amuku Flow, H C. Morden 14261752 Tetramolopium filiforme Sherif var. End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. sn!
polyphyllum (Sherif) Lowrey1293 Tetramolopium rockii Sherif End T Ka'eo, Mo V. Caraway 31097 Wilkesia gymnoxiphium A. Gray End K5ke'e (2100 ft), K D. Howarth 2-961200 Wilkesia hobdyi St. John End E Polihale Ridge, K Witter 784
Campanulaceae1753 Clermontia drepanomorpha Rock End E Hamakua Ditch Trail, H Lyon Arb.d,e P03830011393 Clermontia kakeana Meyen End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 15421754 Cyanea acuminata (Gaud.) Hillebr. End E North of Poamoho Sum., 0 Lyon Arb.d,e P15910011755 Cyanea asplenifolia (H. Mann.) Hillebr. End PE KIpahulu Valley, M Lyon Arb.d,e P08930011756 Cyanea copelandii Rock subsp. halea- End PE Waikamoi Flume, M Lyon Arb.d,e P0386001
kalaensis (St. John) Lammers1757 Cyanea dunbarii Rock End E Mokomoko Gulch, Mo Lyon Arb.d,e P16450021758 Cyanea glabra (F. Wimmer) St. John End PE Kaua'ula Valley, WM Lyon Arb.d,e P05841759 Cyanea grimesiana Gaud. subsp. obatae End E Kaluakauila Gulch, 0 Lyon Arb.d,e P0296001
(St. John) Lammers1760 Cyanea macrostegia Hillebr. End Hauola Gulch, L Lyon Arb.d,e P15600011761 Cyanea mceldowneyi Rock End E Waikamoi Flume Road, M Lyon Arb.d,e P00891762 Cyanea pinnatifida (Cham.) F, Wimmer End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb.d,e P2510001
1763 Cyanea shipmanii Rock End E Upper Waiakea FR, H Lyon Arb.d.e P20200011764 Cyanea stictophylla Rock End E Kiilani, H Lyon Arb.d.e PI768001982 Lobelia yuccoides Hillebr. End SOC Palikea Trail, 0 T. Motley sn.1765 Lobelia yuccoides Hillebr. End SOC Kekaha Ditch Trail, K Lyon Arb.d,e PI229001
Caryophyllaceae1766 Alsinidendron trinerve H. Mann End E Mt. Ka'ala Gulch, 0 Lyon Arb.d.e PI7160002
Celastraceae1972 Perrottetia sandwicensis A. Gray End Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arb. sn,
Chenopodiaceae2097 Chenopodium oahuensis (Meyen) Aellen End Ka'enaPt., 0 C. Morden 1566
Convolvulaceae1767 Bonamia menziesii A. Gray End Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb.d.e PI2300011292 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Ind Hale 0 Lono, Mo V. Caraway 2
Cucurbitaceae2103 Sicyos waimanaloensis St. John End Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1572
Cuscutaceae2098 Cuscuta sandwichiana Choisy Iud Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1567
Ericaceae1690 Vaccinium calycinum Sm. End Pu'u Maka'ala, H C. Morden 15501355 Vaccinium dentatum Sm. End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 15781313 Vaccinium reticulatum Sm. End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 23
Euphorbiaceae1311 Antidesma pulvinatum Hillebr. End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 212099 Chamaesyce celastroides (Boiss.) End E Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1568
Croizat & Degener1353 Chamaesyce clusiifolia (Hook. & End SOC Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1576
Arnott) Arth.2108 Chamaesyce degeneri (Sherif) Croizat End Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1577
& Degener1678 Claoxylon sandwicense Mill!. Arg. End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1539
Fabaceae997-998 Acacia koa A. Gray End Koke'e (2100 ft), K D. Howarth 6-96, 7-961101-1102 Acacia koa A. Gray End 0 J. Sakuoka sn.1480 Acacia koa A. Gray End Kipahulu Valley, M S. Anderson sn.1733-1748 Acacia koa A. Gray End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 15551871-1886 Acacia koa A. Gray End Hawai'iloa Ridge, 0 C. Felling 1-161887-1902 Acacia koa A. Gray End Kahana Valley, 0 C. Felling 17-321928-1943 Acacia koa A. Gray End Koke'e, K C. Felling 58-731944-1959 Acacia koa A. Gray End Napali, K C. Felling 74-891980-2004 Acacia koa A. Gray End Makaha Ridge, K C. Felling 33-572005-2020 Acacia koa A. Gray End Bird Park, Hawai'i Volcanoes NP, H C. Felling 90-1052021-2036 Acacia koa A. Gray End Laupahoehoe, H C. Felling 106-1212037-2052 Acacia koa A. Gray End Waimea Tree Sanctuary, H C. Felling 122-137981 Caesalpinia kavaiensis H. Mann End E UH Botany Garden, 0 Unknown source
TABLE 1 (continued)
ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORIGIN" STATUSb LOCATION" VOUCHER
1770 Caesalpinia kavaiensis H. Mann End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb.d•e L98.0012
1587-1589 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End Kaho'olawe M. LeGrande sn.1590-1597 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End Pukalani, M M. LeGrande sn.1598-1599 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End East Mo M. LeGrande sn.1600-1607 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End Koko Crater, 0 M. LeGrande sn.1657-1667 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End Makakilo,O C. Morden 15481668 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End National Trop. Bot. Garden, K K. Wood sn"1315 Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence & K. End PE Kaho'olawe Ken Wood 2146
Wood2110 Sesbania tomentosa Hook. & Arnott End E Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 15792111 Sesbania tomentosa Hook. & Arnott End E M A. Bakutis sn"
Flacourtiaceae985-986 Xylosma hawaiiense Seem. End Ke'limuku Flow, H C. Morden 1425
Geraniaceae1609 Geranium multiflorum A. Gray End E Haleakalli, M C. Morden 1529
Goodeniaceae993 Scaevola gaudichaudiana Cham. End Klihili (3000 ft), K D. Howarth 1-96994-996 Scaevola gaudichaudii Hook. & Arnott End K5ke'e (2100 ft), K D. Howarth 3-96, 4-96, 5-96
Hydrangeaceae1352 Broussaisia arguta Gaud. End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1575
Larniaceae1772 Phyllostegia hispida Hillebr. End C Hanalilolilo, Mo Lyon Arb.d
•e P06770009
1773 Phyllostegia mollis Benth. End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb.d•e L93.0512
2113 Plectranthes parviflorus Willd. Ind Kanaio NAR, M C. Morden 15581774 Stenogyne bifida Hillebr. End E East Kawela Gulch, Mo Lyon Arb.d
•e P1596002
1775 Stenogyne kaalae Wawra End 0 Lyon Arb.d•e P19860002
Lauraceae1362 Cryptocarya mannii Hillebr. End Alaka'i Trail, K T. Motley 1419
Loganiaceae989-990 Labordia cyrtandrae (Baill.) St. John End E Schofield Barracks, 0 T. Motley 1604-16051150-1152 Labordia hedyosmifolia Bail!. End Hawai'i Volcanoes NP, H T. Motley 1116-11181153-1162, Labordia hedyosmifolia Baill. End Kipahulu Valley, M T. Motley 1592-1603
1406-14071399-1402 Labordia hedyosmifolia Bail!. End Hana'u1a, M T. Motley 1584-15871403-1404 Labordia hirtella H. Mann End Hana'ula, M T. Motley 1588-15891380-1392 Labordia hosakana (Sherff) W. L. End SOC 'Aiea Ridge, 0 T. Motley 1560-1572
Wagner, Herbst & Sohmer1356-1358 Labordia kaalae C. Forbes End SOC Palikea,O T. Motley 1212-12141359 Labordia sessilis A. Gray End Poamoho,O T. Motley 1251
1903 Labordia tinifolia A. Gray End Mt. Ka'ala, 0 C. Morden 19031364-1379 Labordia tinifolia A. Gray End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1544-15591360 Labordia triflora Hillebr. End PE Kua Gulch, Mo T. Motley 12561394-1398 Labordia venosa Sherif End Hana'ula, M T. Motley 1579-15831405 Labordia hosakana (Sherif) W. L. End E/- 'Aiea Ridge +Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1591
Wagner, Herbst & Sohmer(f) x tinifolia A. Gray (m)
Malvaceae1123-1124 Hibiscadelphus distans L. Bishop & End E Waimea Canyon, K Lyon Arb! Waimea Gard. Arb!
Herbst1127-1129 Hibiscadelphus giffardianus Rock End E,X KIpukapuaulu, Hawai'i Volcanoes L. Pratt sn.
NP,H1125-1126 Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis Rock End E,X Waimea Botanical Garden, 0 Waimea Bot. Gard. sn!1130-1132 Hibiscadelphus woodii Lorence & W. L. End E Kalalau Valley, K S. Montgomery sn.
Wagner1776 Hibiscus arnottianus A. Gray End Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb! L95.05851777 Hibiscus arnottianus A. Gray subsp. End E Waihanau Valley, Mo Lyon Arb.d•
e L96.0128immaculatus (M. Roe) D. Bates
1779 Hibiscus clayi Degener & 1. Degener End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb.d•e L70.0367
1778 Hibiscus kokio Hillebr. ex Wawra End SOC K Lyon Arb.d•e L95.0253subsp. saintjohnianus (M. Roe) D.Bates
1780 Kokia drynarioides (Seem.) Lewton End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb.d•e L95.03831781 Kokia kauaiensis (Rock) Degener & End E Koai'e Canyon, K Lyon Arb.d•e L93.0403
Duve1Menispermaceae
2089 Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC Ind T Kula, M C. Morden 1559Moraceae
1680 Streblus pendulinus (Endl.) F. v. Muell. Ind Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 15411686 StrebIus pendulinus (Endl.) F. v. Muel!. Ind UH Campus, 0 C. Morden 15471689 Streblus pendulinus (Endl.) F. v. Mue1!. Ind Waimea Botanical Garden, 0 Waimea Bot. Gard. 77p467e
Myrsinaceae1361 Myrsine linearifolia Hosaka End T K5ke'e, K T. Motley 1409
Myrtaceae2053-2055 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Poamoho trail, 0 S. Grose 21-232061-2062 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Young lava flow, H S. Grose 29-302063-2064 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Old lava flow, H S. Grose 31-322065-2067 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Young lava flow, 701 m, H S. Grose 33-352068-2069 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Old lava flow, 701 m, H S. Grose 36-372070-2071 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Young lava flow, 1280 m, H S. Grose 38-392072 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Young lava flow, 2500 m, H S. Grose 402073 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Old lava flow, 2500 m, H S. Grose 412059 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. var. End Poamoho trail, 0 S. Grose 27
glaberima (H. Lev.) St. John
TABLE I (continued)
ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORIGIN" STATUSb LOCATION" VOUCHER
2057 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. val. End Poamoho trail, 0 S. Grose 25polymorpha
2058 Metrosideros rugosa A. Gray End Poarnoho trail, 0 S. Grose 262056 Metrosidetos tremuloides (A. Keller) P. End Poarnoho trail, 0 S. Grose 24
KunthNyctaginaceae
1676 Pisonia brunoniana End!. Ind Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1537Piperaceae
1351 Peperomia ellipticibacca C. DC End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 15741783 Peperomia hesperomannii Wawra End Waikamoi Flume Road, M Lyon Arb.d,e L95,2632112 Peperomia leptostachya Hook. & Ind Kanaio NAR, M C. Morden 1556
Arnott2114 Peperomia leptostachya Hook. & Ind Ke5kea, M C. Morden 1560
Amott1784 Peperomia sandwicensis Miq. End Palawai Gulch, 0 Lyon Arb.d,e L96.00021674 Peperomia tetraphylla (G, Forster) Ind Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1535
Hook & ArnottPlumbaginaceae
2102 Plumbago zeylandica L. Ind Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1571Portulacaceae
2106 Portulaca lutea Sol. ex G. Forster Ind Ka'enaPt.,O C. Morden 1575Primulaceae
1970 Lysmachia hillebrandii J. D. Hook ex End Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arboretum sn,A. Gray
1785 Lysimachia maxima (R. Knuth) St. End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb,d.e L94.0011John
Rhamnaceae1236-1260 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebl. End Makaha Ridge Rd., K J. Kwon sn.1261-1265 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebr. End Miloli'i Ridge Rd., K J. Kwon sn.1266-1268 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebl. End K5ke'e Rd" K J. Kwon sn,1269-1279 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebl. End Nu'alolo Trail, K J. Kwon sn.1280-1284 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebl. End Awa'awapuhi Trail, K J. Kwon sn,1285-1289 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebl. End Auwahi-Kanaio FR, East M J. Kwon sn,1290 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebl. End Makaleha Valley, 0 J. Kwon sn,949-963 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn, ex H. End E Makaleha Valley, 0 J. Kwon sn.
Mann964-978 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H, End E North Kona, H J. Kwon sn.
Mann1213-1216 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H. End E Uhiuhi Excl., N Kona, H J. Kwon sn.
Mann
1217-1221 Co/ubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H. End E PWW Exc\., N. Kona, H J. Kwon sn.Mann
1222-1231 Co/ubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H. End E Hualalai Ranch, H J. Kwon sn.Mann
1232-1234 Co/ubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H. End E Manuwai Gulch, 0 J. Kwon sn.Mann
1235 Co/ubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H. End E Kapunakea (TNCH), WM J. Kwon sn.Mann
1969 Gouania meyenii Steud. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arb. sn.1679 Gouania vitifolia A. Gray End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1540
Rosaceae1608 Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duchesne End Hosmer Grove, M C. Morden 1527
subsp. sandwicensis (Decne.) Staudt1136 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Ha1eakala, M P. Welton sn.1316-1330 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Hakalau, H P. Hart sn.1338 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Lower shelf, KIpahulu, M S. Anderson sn.1631-1640 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Hosmer Grove, M C. Morden 15261641-1648 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Pu'unianiau, M C. Morden 15281691-1709 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Pu'u Maka'a1a, H C. Morden 15511710-1728 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Pu'uhuluhulu, H C. Morden 15521135 Rubus macraei A. Gray End Ha1eaka1a, M P. Welton sn.1138-1139, Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray x rosifolius Haleakala, M P. Welton sn.
1208-1212 Sm.1331-1337 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray x rosifolius Lower shelf, KIpahulu, M S. Anderson sn.
Sm.1455-1479 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray x rosifolius KIpahulu Valley, M S. Anderson sn.
Sm.Rubiaceae
1306 Coprosma /ongifolia A. Gray End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 161787-1789 Cardenia mannii St. John & Kuyken- End E Pe'ahinai'a, 0 Lyon Arb!·e P10500001,
dall Pl1920001, P119300011790 Hedyotis littoralis (Hillebr.) Fosb. End SOC Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb.d.e Pl17800071791 Hedyotis /ittoralis (Hillebr.) Fosb. End SOC Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. d.e P1781000 Hedyotis terminalis (Hook. & Arnott) End Alaka'i Swamp, K D. Howarth 12-96
W. L. Wagner & Herbst1350 Nertera granadensis (L. fil.) Druce Ind Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 15731786 Psydrax odoratum (G. Forster) A. C. Ind Wailupe Ridge, 0 Lyon Arb.d.e L96.0208
Sm. & S. Darwin2101 Psydrax odoratum (G. Forster) A. C. Iud Ka'enaPt., 0 C. Morden 1570
Sm. & S. DarwinSantalaceae
1312 Exocarpus gaudichaudii A. DC End SOC Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 221363 Santa/um ellipticum Gaud. End Koke'e, K T. Motley 1425
TABLE 1 (continued)
ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORIGIN" STATUSb LOCATION" VOUCHER
Sapindaceae1677 Alectryon macrococcus Radlk. var. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arboretum sn.
macrococcus1971 Alectryon macrococcus Radlk. var. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arboretum sn.
macrococcus999 Dodonaea viscosa Jaqu. Ind K6ke'e (2100 ft), K D. Howarth 8-96980 Sapindus oahuensis Hillebr. ex Radlk. End UH Botany Garden, 0 Unknown source
Scrophulariaceae1134 Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Ind UH, Manoa, 0 C. Morden 1439
Solanaceae2107 Lycium sandwicense A. Gray Ind Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1577
Thymelaeaceae1308 Wikstroemia oahuensis (A. Gray) Rock End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 18
Urticaceae1120 Boehmeria grandis (Hook. & Arnott.) End Manoa Cliffs Trail, 0 W. Loeffler sn.
A. Heller918 Hesperocnide sandwicensis (Wedd.) End P6hakuloa, H C. Morden sn.
Wedd.1307 Pipturus albidus (Hook. & Amott.) A. End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 17
Gray1121-1122 Pipturus albidus (Hook. & Amott.) A. End Manoa Cliffs Trail, 0 W. Loeffler sn.
Gray1670 Pipturus albidus (Hook. & Arnott.) A. End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1532
Gray979 Touchardia latifolia Gaud. End Manoa Valley, 0 W. Loeffler sn.1103-1112 Touchardia lalifolia Gaud. End Waiahole,O W. Loeffler sn.1113-1119 Touchardia lalifolia Gaud. End Manoa Cliffs Trail, 0 W. Loeffler sn.1140-1141 Touchardia latifolia Gaud. End I Hope Road, H W. Loeffler sn.1142-1149 Touchardia lalifolia Gaud. End Pua'aka'a State Park, M W. Loeffler sn.1163-1166 Touchardia latifolia Gaud. End Makapipi Stream, M W. Loeffler sn.1167-1169 Touchardia latifolia Gaud. End Kiihiwa Gulch, M W. Loeffler sn.1672-1673 Urera glabra (Hook. & Amott) Wedd. End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 15341671 Urera kaalae Wawra End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 15332085-2086 Urera kaalae Wawra End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arb.d•e
Verbenaceae1730 Vitex rotundifolia L. til. Ind UH Botany Garden, 0 Unknown source
Vio1aceae1309 Viola chamissoniana Ging. subsp. End E Pa1ikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 19
chamissonianaZygophyllaceae
2096 Tribulus cistoides L. Ind Mokule'ia, 0 Morden 1565
• End, endemic; Ind, indigenousbE, endangered; E/-, hybrid individual with parental taxa listed endangered and nonendangered; X, extinct in wild; PE, proposed endangered; T, threatened; C, candidate; SOC, species of
concern.'H, Hawai'i; K, Kaua'i; L, Lana'i; M, Maui; Mo, Moloka'i; 0, O'ahu; WM, West Maui.d Greenhouse-grown material.• Material obtained from botanical gardens or arboretums.
TABLE 2
INTRODUCED PLANT SPECIES FROM WmCR DNA HAs BEEN EXTRACfED
ACCESSION NO. SPECmS ORIGINa STATUSb LOCATION' VOUCHER
~ONOCOTYLEDONEAE
Cyperaceae380 Eleocharis radicans (poir.) Kunth Nat A Poamoho trail, 0 C. ~orden 1267
PoaceaeAndropogoneae
119 Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus Nat A South Kona, H C. ~orden 1100182 Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1157190 Coix lachrymajobi L. Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1165343, 349 Dichanthium aristatum (poir.) Hubb. Nat A Queen's Beach, 0 C. ~orden 1282, 1290129 Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf Nat A South Kona, H C. ~orden 1110260 Saccharum spontaneum L. Nat A LIhu'e, K C. ~orden 1184264 Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Nat P LIhu'e, K C. ~orden 1188991 Themeda villosa (poir.) A. Camus Nat P Hilo Bay, H T. ~ot1ey sn.
Arundineae117 Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult) Asch. & Graebner Nat? A Kona, H C. ~orden 1098
Aveneae568 Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Nat P Pohakuloa, H C. ~orden 1334406 A vena fatua L. Nat A Pohakuloa, H C. ~orden 1314399 Holcus lanatus L. Nat P Pohakuloa, H C. ~orden 1307173 Holcus lanatus L. Nat P ~aunaLoa, H C. ~orden 1146415 Koeleria nitida Nutl. Nat A ~auna Kea, H C. ~orden 1322
Bromeae174 Bromus rigidus Roth Nat A ~aunaLoa, H C. ~orden 1147408 Bromus willdenowii Kunth Nat A Pohakuloa, H C. ~orden 1315B
CWorideae183 Chloris barbata (L.) Sw. Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1158185 Chloris radiata (L.) Sw. Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1160195 Chloris virgata Sw. Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1170341 Chloris virgata Sw. Nat P Queen's Beach, 0 C. ~orden 1279187 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1162188 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1163131 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Nat P South Kona, H C. ~orden 1112
Danthonieae412 Danthonia pilosa R. Br. Nat A ~aunaKea, H C. ~orden 1319
Ehrharteae386 Ehrharta calycina Eckl. ex Nees Nat A Pohakuloa, H C. ~orden 1294204 Ehrharta erecta Lam. Nat A Kula, ~ C. ~orden 1180307 Ehrharta stipiodes Labill. Nat P Kula,~ C. ~orden 1213
Eragrostideae161 Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Nat A South Kona, H C. Morden 1132184 Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1159198 Leptochloa uninervia (K. Presl) Hitchc. & Chase Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1174192 Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1167143 Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. Nat P South Kona, H C. Morden 1123
Paniceae294 Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) KuWm. Nat P Mt. Ka'ala, 0 C. Morden 1207191 Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1166265 Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc. Nat P Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1189203 Cenchrus ciliaris L. Nat P Kula, M C. Morden 1179171 Cenchrus echinatus L. Nat P MaunaLoa, H C. Morden 1148193 Cenchrus echinatus L. Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1168146 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Nat P South Kona, H C. Morden 1126186 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1161262,266 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Nat P Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1186, 1190110 Digitaria insularis (L.) Mez ex Ekman Nat P South Kona, H C. Morden 1091194 Digitaria radicosa (pres\.) Miq. Nat? A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1169259 Digitaria violascens Link Nat P Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1183196 Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv. Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1171197 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1172268 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Nat A Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1192336 Eriochloapunctata (L.) Desv. ex W. Ham. Nat A Queen's Beach, 0 C. Morden 1273128 Melinis minutifiora P. Beauv. Nat I South Kona, H C. Morden 1109126 Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv. Nat I South Kona, H C. Morden 1107125 Panicum maximum Jacq. Nat I South Kona, H C. Morden 1106267 Paspalumfimbriatum Kunth Nat P Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1191261 Paspalum urvillei Steud. Nat I Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1185202 Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov. Nat I Kula, M C. Morden 1178206 Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1173120 Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Nat I South Kona, H C. Morden 1101130 Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) Hubb. Nat A South Kona, H C. Morden 1111172 Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase Nat P Rain forest, H C. Morden 1143295 Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase Nat P Mt. Ka'ala, 0 C. Morden 1208175 Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Nat A Manoa, 0 C. Morden 1155181 Setaria gracilis Kunth Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1156271 Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze Nat A Kailua Beach, 0 C. Morden 1193317 Urochloa reptans Stapf Nat A Kawainui Swamp, 0 C. Morden 1221
Poaeae383 Dactylis glomerata L. Nat P Pohakuloa, H C. Morden 1291413 Poa compressa L. Nat? A Mauna Kea, H C. Morden 1320170 Vulpia bromoides (L.) S. F. Gray Nat A MaunaLoa, H C. Morden 1144
Stipeae395 Stipa cernua Stebb. & A. Love Nat A Pohakuloa, H C. Morden 1303
TABLE 2 (continued)
---ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORIGINa STATUSb LOCATION' VOUCHER
Zoysieae611 Tragus berteronianus Schult. Nat A Kailua, 0 T. Motley sn.
DICOTYLEDONEAEConvolvulaceae
1435-1446 Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Pol Amy Greenwell Ace. # 95.031,95.036,Botanical Garden, H 95.035,95.020,95.037,
95.038, 95.019, 95.039-Malvaceae
1729 Gossypium barbadense L. Nat A UH Botany Garden, 0 Unknown source-Moraceae
1685 Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Venten. Pol UH Botany Garden, 0 C. Morden 1546-1688 Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Venten. Pol Waimea Botanical Garden, 0 Waimea Bot. Gard. 75s2127-
Myricaeeae179 Myricafaya Aiton Nat I Hawai'i Volcanoes NP, H D. Gardner sn.177 Myricaftiya Aiton Nat I K.11auea, H C. Morden 1142
Myrtaceae1793-1809 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum Degener Nat I Manoa Cliffs Trail, 0 C. Morden 15491810-1819 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum Degener Nat I Manuka, H R. Okino sn.1854-1866 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum Degener Nat I Maunawili Heights, 0 C. Morden 15521904-1916, Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum Degener Nat I Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1562
1973-19741830-1838 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi.) Fosb. Nat I Manuka, H R. Okino sn.1839-1853 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi.) Fosb. Nat I Maunawili Heights, 0 C. Morden 15511918-1927, 1975 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi.) Fosb. I Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 15631820-1829 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. lucidum (Degener) Fosb. Nat I Kiilani, H R. Okino sn.1917, 1976-1979 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. lucidum (Degener) Fosb. Nat I Laupahoehoe, H R. Okino sn.1867-1870 Psidium guajava L. Nat I Maunawili Heights, 0 C. Morden 1550
Rosaceae1133 Rubus argutus Link Nat I Hawai'i Volcanoes NP, H D. Gardner sn.2090 Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees Nat I Lanipo trail, 0 C. Morden 1582270 Rubus ellipticus Sm. Nat I H D. Howarth sn.306 Rubus niveus Thunb. Nat P Kula,M C. Morden 1212258 Rubus rosifolius Sm. Nat P Hanalei, K C. Morden 1182269 Rubus rosifolius Sm. Nat P H D. Howarth sn.1137 Rubus rosifolius Sm. Nat P Haleakalii, M P. Welton sn.1611-1619 Rubus rosifolius Sm. Nat P HanaHwy, M C. Morden 15231620-1622 Rubus rosifolius Sm. Nat P HiinaHwy, M C. Morden 15241623-1630 Rubus rosifolius Sm. Nat P HanaHwy, M C. Morden 1525
Rubiaceae2074
Solanaceae308
Morinda citrifolia L.
Nicotiana glauca R. C. Graham
Pol
Nat A
UH Botany Dept!
Kula,M
Unknown source
C. Morden 1214
"Nat, naturalized; Nat?, introduced, possibly naturalized; Pol, of possible Polynesian introduction.b A, alien; P, pest; I, invasive.'H, Hawai'i; K, Kaua'i; L, Liina'i; M, Maui; Mo, Moloka'i; 0, O'ahu; WM, West Maui.d Material obtained from botanical gardens or arboretums.
416
performed using a modified CTAB extractionprocedure (Morden et al. 1996). All DNA ismaintained at 20°e.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Recent and ongoing research on both native and introduced species has augmentedaccessions of DNA samples. Populationstudies utilizing the DNA stored in theHPDL are being performed on Acacia koa,Alphitonia ponderosa, Colubrina oppositifolia,Erythrina sandwicensis, Haplostachys haplostachya (Morden and Loeffler 1999), Touchardia latifolia (Loeffler 1997), and Psidiumcattleianum. Likewise, continuing studies onthe evolutionary consequences of hybridization in the Hawaiian flora that are beingconducted on species in the genera Dubautiaand Rubus make use of these materials. Phylogenetic studies based on this library ofDNA also continue in the family Urticaceaeand in the genera Rubus (Howarth et al.1997, Weniger 1997), Labordia, and Metrosideros.
Efforts to collect and extract DNA fromendemic Hawaiian species will continue in thefuture. We encourage tissue contributions.Those interested in pursuing research involving DNA accessions listed herein may contact us to obtain aliquots of these materials.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Vicki Caraway (Center forPlant Conservation, Hawai'i), Gerald Carr(University of Hawai'i Department of Botany), Winona Char (Char Associates), JoelLau (The Nature Conservancy of Hawai'i),Steve Montgomery, Linda Pratt (Hawai'iVolcanoes National Park), Karen Shigamatsu, and Nelli Sugii (Lyon Arboretum) forassistance with collections and identification.The Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden(Captain Cook, Hawai'i), Lyon Arboretum(Manoa, O'ahu), Waimea Botanical Garden(Haleiwa, O'ahu), and the National TropicalBotanical Garden (Lawai, Kaua'i, for Kanaloa kahoolawensis and Erythrina sandwi-
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 53, October 1999
censis) are greatfu1ly acknowledged for providing tissue for DNA accessions used in thisstudy. We thank Dawn Adams, CandaceFelling, Susan Grose, James Kwon, MayaLeGrande, Lydi Morgan, and Tim Motleyfor collections, DNA extractions, and continued efforts in the field.
LITERATURE CITED
HOWARTH, D. G., D. E. GARDNER, and e.W. MORDEN. 1997. Phylogeny of Rubussubgenus Idaeobatus (Rosaceae) and itsimplications toward colonization of theHawaiian Islands. Syst. Bot. 22: 433-441.
LOEFFLER, W. 1997. Historical ethnobotany,modem processing techniques and population biology of olana, Touchardialatifolia Gaud (Urticaceae). M.S. thesis,University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu.
MORDEN, C. W., and W. LOEFFLER. 1999.Fragmentation and genetic differentiationamong subpopulations of the endangeredHawaiian mint Haplostachys haplostachya'(Larniaceae). Mol. Ecol. 8: 617-625.
MORDEN, C. W., V. CARAWAY, and T. J.MOTLEY. 1996. Development of a DNAlibrary for native Hawaiian plants. Pac.Sci. 50: 324-335.
SMITH, e. W. 1985. Impact of alien plants onHawai'i's native biota. Pages 180-250 inC. P. Stone and J. M. Scott, eds. Hawai'i'sterrestrial ecosystems: Preservation andmanagement. Cooperative National ParkResources Studies Unit, Honolulu.
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1999. U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service endangeredspecies home page (http://www.fws.govjrgendsppjendspp.html). 31 March.
VITOUSEK, P. M., e. M. D'ANTONIO, L. L.LOOPE, M. REJMANEK, and R. WESTBROOKS. 1997. Introduced species: A significant component of human-causedglobal change. N. Z. J. Ecol. 21 : 115.
WAGNER, W. L. 1990. Summary and briefanalysis of the flora. Pages 3-6 in W. L.Wagner, D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer.Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i. 2 vols. Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 83.
Hawaiian Plant DNA Library II-RANDELL AND MORDEN 417
University of Hawai'i Press and BishopMuseum Press, Honolulu.
---. 1991. Evolution of waif floras: Acomparison of the Hawaiian and Marquesan Archipelagoes. Pages 267-284 inE. C. Dudley, ed. The unity of evolutionary biology. Dioscorides Press, Portland,Oregon.
WENIGER, D. 1997. Biogeography and systematics of some Pacific Rubus species:Investigating the evolutionary history ofthe Hawaiian endemic raspberry Rubusmacraei. M.S. thesis, University of Hawai'i at Miinoa, Honolulu.