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Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences Sciences

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Page 1: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Haystack Observatory

Millstone HillObservatory

Millstone Hill Radar

Millstone Hill ObservatoryMillstone Hill ObservatoryCoordinated Research in the Atmospheric Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric

SciencesSciences

Page 2: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Millstone Hill ObservatoryMillstone Hill ObservatoryMIT Haystack ObservatoryMIT Haystack Observatory

Non-classified research in upper atmos. & space Non-classified research in upper atmos. & space sciencessciences

~16 FTE; $3M annual budget; NSF, NASA, AF~16 FTE; $3M annual budget; NSF, NASA, AF Incoherent Scatter Radar emphasis since 1961Incoherent Scatter Radar emphasis since 1961 Long-Term MADRIGAL Database and regional Long-Term MADRIGAL Database and regional

empirical models characterize ionosphereempirical models characterize ionosphere Distributed Instrument focus: GPS, ISISDistributed Instrument focus: GPS, ISIS Multi-Instrument, System-Science PerspectiveMulti-Instrument, System-Science Perspective Radar Operations: 1200 hr/year (1000 hr funded Radar Operations: 1200 hr/year (1000 hr funded

UAF)UAF) 100 MHO publications (2004-08); 53 MHO 1100 MHO publications (2004-08); 53 MHO 1stst author author 275 Individual users of MHO data (165 institutions)275 Individual users of MHO data (165 institutions) MHO hosts 16 instruments from 10 institutionsMHO hosts 16 instruments from 10 institutions 15+ grad students; 30+ undergrads; 30 visiting 15+ grad students; 30+ undergrads; 30 visiting

researchersresearchers

Page 3: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Principal Instrument

Millstone Hill Incoherent Scatter

Radar

UHF (440 MHz) BMEWS TX

150’ MISA Antenna acquired 1978

Software Radar Architecture

Page 4: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Distributed Instrumentation for Mid-Latitude Distributed Instrumentation for Mid-Latitude ResearchResearch

GPS TEC map of SED PlumeGPS TEC map of SED Plume

Page 5: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Radar and Radar and Distributed Array Distributed Array Observations of Observations of Plasmasphere Plasmasphere

ErosionErosion

Direct Observation of Velocity and Flux by Millstone Hill ISR

Ground-Based GPS Maps TEC Plume

[Foster et al., GRL 2002]

Page 6: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Coordinated UAF Coordinated UAF Observations ofObservations of

Global Global Phenomenon:Phenomenon:

Density Plume is Density Plume is carried across Polar carried across Polar Latitudes with Space Latitudes with Space

Weather EffectsWeather Effects

Merged SuperDARN/DMSP Convection

Common projection: maglat/MLT @ 350 km alt

GPS TEC Map

[Foster et al., JGR 2005]

Page 7: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Uniform Data Access: MADRIGALUniform Data Access: MADRIGAL

Page 8: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Science based on Facility Data Resources:Science based on Facility Data Resources:Long-Term Temperature Trend above Long-Term Temperature Trend above

Millstone HillMillstone HillLong-term trend in ion Long-term trend in ion temperature computed using all temperature computed using all Millstone Hill data from 1978 Millstone Hill data from 1978 through 2007.through 2007.

At UT=1700, Altitude = 375 km, At UT=1700, Altitude = 375 km, ion temperature decreases ation temperature decreases at -4.7 K/year (top figure). -4.7 K/year (top figure).

The corresponding trend in neutral The corresponding trend in neutral temperature is computed using the temperature is computed using the ion energy equation (bottom ion energy equation (bottom figure).figure).

Holt, J. M. and Zhang, S. R., Long-Term Temperature Trends in the Ionosphere above Millstone Hill, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L05813, doi:10.1029/2007GL031148, 2008

Page 9: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Lower

midlatitude

Consolidate Data for User Consolidate Data for User Community:Community:

Incoherent Scatter RadarIncoherent Scatter RadarEmpirical Ionospheric ModelsEmpirical Ionospheric Models

subauroral

midlatitude

highlatitude

Semiannual components, longitudinal differences

Strong semiannual components, asymmetry

Semiannual components begins

Page 10: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Advance Technology: MIDAS-Mobile Coherent Software Radio SystemAdvance Technology: MIDAS-Mobile Coherent Software Radio System

MIDAS-MMIDAS-M : Latest Millstone Data System : Latest Millstone Data System Millstone UHF Radar and ISIS ArrayMillstone UHF Radar and ISIS Array Currently entering testing for production level IS radar applicationsCurrently entering testing for production level IS radar applications

Software Radar ArchitectureSoftware Radar Architecture : Raw Voltage Based Processing : Raw Voltage Based Processing Realtime signal processing, analysis, database, and visualizationRealtime signal processing, analysis, database, and visualization Production quality IS radar ion line processingProduction quality IS radar ion line processing Active and Passive Radar, Monostatic/Multistatic, Satellite Beacons, Spectral MonitoringActive and Passive Radar, Monostatic/Multistatic, Satellite Beacons, Spectral Monitoring

Advanced digital receiversAdvanced digital receivers ECDR-GC314FSECDR-GC314FSSix analog inputs (2 cards)Six analog inputs (2 cards)Up to 24 simultaneous RF channelsUp to 24 simultaneous RF channels

Ultra stable GPS locked oscillatorsUltra stable GPS locked oscillators Wide area coherenceWide area coherenceAbsolute alignment of data to UTCAbsolute alignment of data to UTC1 part in 1E11, 20 nsec alignment1 part in 1E11, 20 nsec alignmentLow phase noiseLow phase noise

High integration UHF Radar TunersHigh integration UHF Radar TunersDC to 1500 MHz (with external filters)DC to 1500 MHz (with external filters)30 MHz down-converted bandwidth30 MHz down-converted bandwidth

Fully remote Internet based operationFully remote Internet based operationRealtime web based visualizationRealtime web based visualizationGrid ComputingGrid ComputingRemote power controlRemote power control

Page 11: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Facility ResponsibilitiesFacility Responsibilities Scientific and technical openness is expected

Assist and train external users

Maintain long-term calibrated system

Set up production-level operations and processing

Make data widely and freely available

Inform community about availability and access to data

Participate in coordinated UAF initiatives (e.g. World Days, IPY coordinated exps)

Respond to community requests for operations time/data

Maintain a viable EPO program

Attract & involve students

Page 12: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Advantages of Facility StatusAdvantages of Facility Status

Fairly-steady funding stream (>25 years by NSF)

Stable, core program: assemble a critical mass for engineering and science

Opportunity to do cutting-edge science with major instrument - keeps on-site staff vital and involved

Honest, open program management (UAF)

Interactions with other facilities – potential to work through problems jointly

Facility status affords a louder voice on community issues

Training ground for students and post-docs

Page 13: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Concerns: Maintenance of Facility Concerns: Maintenance of Facility InfrastructureInfrastructure

Recent MISA Improvements

Feed support spar repairsElevation bolt replacementCounterweight replacementMesh surface repairedTop feed spar securedSignificant foundation repairs

Ongoing Concerns

Remaining foundation areasCracked track boltsCorrosion and Coating LossAntenna controller (obsolete)Motor controller (lightning damage)Motion sensors and wiring

Page 14: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Disadvantages of Facility StatusDisadvantages of Facility Status Limited $$ for major maintenance or

modernization Federal budget controls $$ available (MHO level-

dollar funded for 10 years = program contraction) Necessity to bring in extra funding to operate

viable program (seek new sources of $$) Facility status imparts a negative tone to proposal

and panel reviews (“already well-funded”) Commitments and responsibilities take priority Variable expectations of community –

programmatic agility - different panels see things differently - facilities must dance to the beat of different drummers

“What is a facility” and what should it do – not well-defined

UAF coordination - herding cats - dissimilar facilities, goals, capabilities

Can’t do everything for everyone - frustrating

Page 15: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

Responsibilities: Community & User Responsibilities: Community & User SupportSupport

Workshop OrganizationWorkshop Organization: Focus and coordinate : Focus and coordinate community involvement in UAF science. (CEDAR community involvement in UAF science. (CEDAR science working groups (many, Buonsanto – storm science working groups (many, Buonsanto – storm studies, e.g.), SAPS (Foster), Penetration Electric studies, e.g.), SAPS (Foster), Penetration Electric Fields (Huang), GPS TEC (Coster), AMISR Student Fields (Huang), GPS TEC (Coster), AMISR Student Workshop (MIT/SRI)Workshop (MIT/SRI)

User-Friendly, User-Friendly, Open Data AccessOpen Data Access: MADRIGAL : MADRIGAL distributed database – in use at all ISR facilities. distributed database – in use at all ISR facilities.

Represent Facility and UAFRepresent Facility and UAF program at relevant program at relevant meetings (CEDAR, GEM, URSI, LWS, COSPAR, meetings (CEDAR, GEM, URSI, LWS, COSPAR, IAGA, more)IAGA, more)

Committees/panelsCommittees/panels – be prepared to be asked – be prepared to be asked frequently to assist agencies (e.g. hosting frequently to assist agencies (e.g. hosting UARS/UAF workshop)UARS/UAF workshop)

Community InformationCommunity Information Sessions & Response – Sessions & Response – keep community aware of facility capabilities and keep community aware of facility capabilities and issues – incorporate community feedback in facility issues – incorporate community feedback in facility planplan

Page 16: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences

MIT/SRI AMISR Student WorkshopMIT/SRI AMISR Student Workshop

Next Generation UAF Facility Users

Page 17: Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Millstone Hill Radar Millstone Hill Observatory Coordinated Research in the Atmospheric Sciences