Hazard Communication and Chemical Safety

What is Hazard Communication?

• Hazards and dangers should be made known to all personnel involved.

• Right-to-know Law by OSHA• Use of symbols, warnings and written

documentation to alert personnel.• NFPA Diamond, Pictograms, MSDS

Pictograms

HEALTH HAZARD

FLAME

EXCLAMATION MARK

GAS CYLINDER

CORROSION

EXPLODINGBOMB

FLAMEOVER CIRCLE

ENVIRONMENT

SKULL&

CROSSBONES

The final rule requires containers shipped six months after the information is available to be labeled correctly.

Flame over Circle

• Oxidizers

4

Flame

• Flammables • Pyrophorics • Self-Heating • Emits Flammable Gas • Self-Reactives • Organic Peroxides

5

Exploding Bomb

• Explosives • Self-Reactives • Organic Peroxides

6

Skull and Crossbones

• Acute Toxicity (fatal or toxic)

7

Health Hazard

• Carcinogen • Mutagenicity • Reproductive Toxicity • Respiratory Sensitizer • Target Organ Toxicity • Aspiration Toxicity

8

Environment

• Aquatic Toxicity– (Non-Mandatory)

9

Exclamation Mark

• Irritant (skin and eye) • Skin Sensitizer • Acute Toxicity • Narcotic Effects • Respiratory Tract Irritant • Hazardous to Ozone

Layer (Non-Mandatory) 10

Labels – NFPA Diamond

• RED - Flammability

• BLUE - Health

• YELLOW - Reactivity

• WHITE - Special

• RED - Flammability

• BLUE - Health

• YELLOW - Reactivity

• WHITE - Special

{NFPA – National Fire Protection Association}

Labels - Health Hazard

• What the numbers show0 = No hazard1 = Slight hazard2 = Dangerous3 = Extreme danger4 = Deadly

Labels – FlammabilityLabels – Flammability

Based on Flash Point {the temperature at which a material gives off enough vapors to sustain ignition}

• What the numbers show0 = Will not burn1 = Ignites above 200 degrees F2 = Ignites below 200 degrees F3 = Ignites below 100 degrees F4 = Ignites below 73 degrees F

Labels – FlammabilityLabels – Flammability

Based on Flash Point {the temperature at which a material gives off enough vapors to sustain ignition}

• What the numbers show0 = Will not burn1 = Ignites above 200 degrees F2 = Ignites below 200 degrees F3 = Ignites below 100 degrees F4 = Ignites below 73 degrees F

Labels - Reactivity

• What the numbers show0 = Stable1 = Normally Stable2 = Unstable3 = Explosive4 = May detonate

Labels - Special Hazard

● What the letters show• OX = Oxidizer• ACID = Acid• ALK = Alkali• COR= Corrosive• W = Use No Water• = Radioactive

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)are one of the most important tools

available to employers for providing information, and protectionto workers from hazardous chemicals

which are used in the workplace.

1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required information

• Identity of the chemical

• Physical and chemical characteristics

• Physical hazards

• Chemical hazards

• Primary routes of entry

• PEL’s or other exposure limits

• Control measures

• Emergency procedures

• Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens

• precautions for safe handling and use

• Date of preparation

• Name, address and telephone of the manufacturer

Hepatotoxins• Chemicals which produce liver damage

• Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver

enlargement

• Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines

Nephrotoxins

• Chemicals which produce

kidney damage

• Signs and Symptoms:

Edema

• Chemicals: Halogenated

Hydrocarbons, uranium

Agents which damage the lungs

• Chemicals which

damage pulmonary

tissue

• Signs and Symptoms:

Cough, tightness in the

chest, loss of breath

• Chemicals: Asbestos,

silica

Reproductive toxins • Chemicals which damage

reproductive capabilities

• Includes chromosomal

damage (mutations) and

damage to fetuses

(teratogenesis)

• Signs and Symptoms:

Birth defects, sterility

• Chemicals: Lead

Cutaneous hazards• Chemicals which effect the

dermal layer of the body

• Signs and Symptoms:

Defatting of the skin,

rashes, irritation

• Chemicals: Ketones,

chlorinated compounds

Eye hazards• Chemicals which affect the eye or visual

capacity

• Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage, blurred vision, burning or irritation

• Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives

04/18/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 26

First Aid for Chemical Exposure

• Ingestion• Inhalation• Skin Contact• Eye Contact• Burns

Emergency Procedures Chemical Spills (Appendix A – CHP)

• Evacuate and call Public Safety at 911 for larger spill (>5-gallons) situations

• Treat life threatening injuries immediately• Contain the spill - read MSDS• Wear protective equipment during clean-

up• Best response is preparation

Emergency ProceduresPersonal Contamination

• Flush contaminated area with water

• Remove contaminated clothing

• Rinse with water for 15 minutes

• Seek medical attention if irritation persists

Emergency ProceduresChemical in the Eye(s)

• Flush eyeballs and inner eyelids

• Forcibly hold eyes open

• Irrigate for at least 15 minutes

• Seek medical attention immediately