hazardous substances - draeger · hazardous substances which organs are affected by hazardous...
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Hazardous Substances
May 2015
Hazardous substances
Hazardous Substances | Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA | May 2015 2 | 10
Which strains and pollutants is the lung subject to while working? ?
How do possible strains and pollutants affect us? ?
Hazardous substances What are potential dangers?
§ Aerosols are extremely fine airborne particles as solid or liquid particles such as dust, fume, mist. Aerosol is the collective term for dispersed solid and liquid particles in gases (suspended matter).
- Dust is the collective term for extremely fine solid particles in gases, especially in the air, that result from mechanical processes or have become part of the air because they were raised
- Mist consists of fine drops of liquid (especially water drops) in the air
- Fumes are gaseous residues of combustion. Apart from gases and vapors smoke additionally contains solid matter in a very fine shape (often colloidal) such as soot, metal oxide particles or aerosols like drops of oil
Hazardous Substances | Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA | May 2015 3 | 10
Aerosols
Dust
solid particles, eg.g. wood, flour,
soot
Mist
liquid aerosols
Fumes
aerosols generated by combustion, eg.g
nickel monoxide
Hazardous substances What are potential dangers?
§ Gases and vapors are gaseous substances
§ All of them represent a potential risk for human breathing!
Hazardous Substances | Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA | May 2015 4 | 10
Gases and vapors
Gas
gaseous substances,
e.g. suplhur dioxide
Vapor
gaseous, but at 20° C, 1 bar, liquid or solid
Hazardous substances Which organs are affected by hazardous substances?
Hazardous substances may affect the human organs in many ways. Certain types of hazardous substances affect different organs.
Also solid dust does not only affect the respiratory organs but if it enters the blood via the alveoli it might cause severe damage in the whole organism as do gases and vapors.
Hazardous Substances | Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA | May 2015 5 | 10
Mist
Fumes
Dust
Vapor
Gas
Hazardous substances What is the average particle size?
• Particles are differentiated by size.
• Depending on their origin, the particle size varies extremely and thus, their danger and the possible protective measures.
• Particles below 5 µm are called fine dust.
• Fine dust can be inhaled by human beings and can reach the lungs. Therefore, this range is particularly relevant for respiratory protection.
In order to understand the proportions in size of the different particles you see objects below the scale that correspond to these dimensions. For example, the size of a virus compared with a granule is approximately the size of a pea compared with a skyscraper.
Coarse sand Rain
Coarse industrial dust Coal dust
Spores, pollen Cement dust
Metallurgical dust & fumes Germs, bacteria
Insecticide dusts Paint spray & mist Oil mist
Tobacco smoke Viruses
Large molecules
0,001 0,01 0,1 1 5 10 100 100 (1 mm)
10,000 [µm] (1 cm)
Human hair
Hazardous Substances | Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA | May 2015 6 | 10
Coarse dust (Ø > 5 µm) Fine dust (Ø < 5 µm)
Hazardous substances How do particles get into the body?
• Depending on their size, particles find their way into the body via the respiration.
• All kinds of dust that are inhaled are a potential risk ─ the most dangerous particles are those of a critical size that are inhaled but not exhaled again.
• E.g. soot, asbestos, quartz, oil mist are not exhaled even if their diameter is very small.
• The bigger the particle, the lower the probability that it is inhaled.
Diameter
Fine dust Coarse dust
Pro
babi
lity
Fine dust
Total amount of dust
1
0
Alveolar dust
Tranchea bronchial dust
Exhaled dust
Dust of the larynx
Non inhaled particles of dust
Hazardous Substances | Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA | May 2015 7 | 10
Hazardous substances What are typical occupational diseases?
Especially the lung and other organs that enable human respiration can be damaged.
Typical occupational diseases that can be avoided by proper respiratory protective measures are:
Respiratory diseases
Silicosis
Asbestosis
Occupational asthma
Allergies
Cancer
Hazardous Substances | Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA | May 2015 8 | 10
Hazardous substances Important information
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The information and material for training courses provided on this website are protected by copyright for Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA. They may be used for your own training purposes by correctly and completely indicating the source and referring to the copyright of Dräger Safety. The use for commercial training purposes is not permitted.
Hazardous Substances | Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA | May 2015 9 | 10
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