HARZADOUS

WASTE

EH219 Waste Management

OUTLINE

What is Hazardous Waste

Types of Hazardous waste

Its source

It’s effect on the Public heath

How to manage Hazardous Waste

Summary

WHAT IS HAZARDOUS WASTE

Hazardous waste may be defined as any waste that is potentially harmfulor dangerous to the environment or to the health of public.(EPA)A hazardous waste is any material that contains substances that are;

1) toxic

2) ignitable

3) corrosive

4) explosive.

TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

The types of Hazardous waste are;

Listed waste

Characteristic waste

Universal waste

Mixed waste

Specific procedures determine how waste is identified, classified, listed, anddelisted.

Listed hazardous wastes are materialsspecifically listed by regulatory authorities(EPA)as a hazardous waste which are from non-specific sources, specific sources, or discardedchemical products.

The F-list(non specific source waste): This list ofwastes includes 28 different wastes, including certainspent solvents, metal finishing wastes, dioxin-containing wastes, chemical manufacturing wastes,wood preserving wastes, petroleum manufacturingwastes, and hazardous waste landfill leachate.

The K-list(source specific waste): This list ofwastes includes over 100 wastes from specificindustrial processes. The specific processes are inthe industries of wood preserving, petroleum refining,primary and secondary metals manufacturing, andthe manufacturing of industrial chemicals, inks,pigments, pesticides, explosives, and veterinarypharmaceuticals.

The P-list & the U-list(discarded commercialchemical products). These lists include specificcommercial chemical products in an unused form.Some pesticides and some pharmaceutical productsbecome hazardous waste when discarded.

Ignitable waste:Ignitable wastes can createfires under certain conditions, arespontaneously combustible, or have a flashpoint less than 60 °C (140 °F). Examplesinclude waste oils and used solvents.

Corrosive waste:Corrosive wastes are acids orbases (pH less than or equal to 2, or greater than orequal to 12.5) that are capable of corroding metalcontainers, such as storage tanks, drums, andbarrels. Battery acid is an example.

Reactive Waste: Reactive wastes are unstableunder "normal" conditions. They can causeexplosions, toxic fumes, gases, or vapors whenheated, compressed, or mixed with water.Examples include lithium-sulfur batteries andexplosives

Toxic Waste: Toxic wastes are harmful or fatalwhen ingested or absorbed (e.g., containingmercury, lead, etc.). When toxic wastes are landdisposed, contaminated liquid may leach from thewaste and pollute ground water

LISTED WASTECHARACTERISTIC WASTE

This waste is generated from a large variety of sources and consists of products that serve both commercial and personal use.

Two of the prime examples of universal waste are batteries and light bulbs. Used throughout society in great quantities, disposal of batteries and other forms of universal waste cannot be as closely monitored or controlled as industrial waste.

Commonly just thrown out with the trash, these wastes make their way into landfills and incinerators where their toxic components are released into the environment

Mixed waste are hazardous waste that contains both radioactive and chemically hazardous waste.

UNIVERSAL WASTE MIXED WASTE

SOURCE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

1. Industrial wastes

2. Agricultural waste

3. Household waste

4. Medical waste

EFFECTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE ON;

Is usually viewed directly as a health hazardto humans. However, pollution in this formcan have a much more pronounced effect onthe plants and animals of our environment.According to the EPA, "When chemicals aredisposed improperly, they can have harmfuleffects on humans, plants, and animals

Reproductive Issues Evolutionary-Hazardous waste also has the power

to shape evolutionary changes. When species survival is threatened by pollution, the species must either adapt or become extinct.

pH Change and Oxygen Depletion Heavy Metal and Toxic Chemical Accumulation Species Extinction

Ongoing exposure to these materialscan have significant health effects onpeople

Long term exposure to hazardous waste canimpair the immune system, the endocrinesystem, the reproductive system and thenervous system.

Cancer

Reproductive Health

Mental Disorders

Disabilities

Death

Deformation

Environment Human

HAZARDOUS WASTE CONTROL

How can we Manage Hazardous Waste?There are many way in which you can manage/control and dispose hazardouswaste.According to EPA(environmental protection agency) there are 5step in which it canbe managed and disposed.1.Consider reduction at the source-The best way to eliminate hazardous wastes is notto generate them in the first place.Many industries are looking for ways to reduce the amount of hazardous chemicals theyuse, which in turn reduces the amount of hazardous waste they generate. According tothe Environmental Protection Agency, various approaches to do this include: Lean manufacturing Energy recovery Environmental Management Systems (EMS)

CONT.

2. Reuse and recycle potentially hazardous materials Many items that can turn in to hazardous

materials can be recycled or in some cases reclaimed, which is a process that recovers what is left of the usable product.

Some reclaimed products include the recovery of acetone from spent solvents and lead from metals.

Zinc can be gathered from smelting furnaces.

Used oil, hydraulic fluids, refrigerator compressors and more can be taken from cars and fridges.

Batteries can also be recycled.

3. DisposalLand disposal of hazardous waste permanently contains the waste in a landfill, waste pile, injection well or other land based disposal area. These areas fall under regulation to protect the families around them as well as to minimize the environmental impact resulting from the disposal of the hazardous waste

CONT.

4. Treatment Wastes may be made less hazardous by physical,

chemical, or biological treatment. For example, sodium hydroxide has been used to

treat acid wastes at integrated-circuit plants. Sulphuric acid wastes, if not recycled, can be treated with ammonia wastes , forming ammonium sulphate, a fertilizer.

Incineration has been used since human beings learned to control fire. It is the preferred method of handling infectious medical wastes. However, it should not be used for wastes that contain toxic heavy metals or chlorinated hydrocarbons: When burned, old painted surfaces can release lead/other bed gases into the air.

Solidification of waste involves melting them and mixing them with a binder, a substance that eventually hardens the mix into an impenetrable mass.

5. . Find out what collection facilities are available in your community or area.

Find out what collection facilities are available in your community or area.

Most local government websites can direct you to where you need to go or who you need to contact for help disposing of your hazardous waste.

Some communities have special collection facilities.

Businesses may have their own collection sites, and certain household hazardous waste sites may have special disposal requirements.

Some communities have special days set aside where they set up one location for a large collection of hazardous waste.

SIGNS & WARNING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

CONCLUSION

Well we all know that today in the world we are facing a lot of problems and issues that are rising from the result of exposures to Hazardous waste.

Identify Hazardous Waste

Four Types of Hazardous waste

Its source

It’s effect on the Public heath

How to manage Hazardous Waste

Therefore as an Environment Health Officer it our duty to ensure that all Hazardous Waste are disposed separately from ordinary waste or taken to an area where it would not do any harm to the plants, animal and the public.

REFERENCES

Mr. A. Tuka, 2014, EH219-Waste Management, Lecture 1-Waste Management in PNG,

Divine Word University, Madang

http://www.ehow.com/about_5379525_hazardous-waste.html

http://www.mhhe.com

www.epa.org

www.encarta.com