hbo presentation formal and informal groups 072911
TRANSCRIPT
FORMAL AND
INFORMAL GROUPS
WELCOME!
FEW QUOTES ON “GROUPS”
“A few deceptively simple changes in the top management teams set agendas and structure meetings can make an enormous difference in their efficiency and effectiveness “ – Michael C. Mankins, Harvard Business Review “When core groups function
well, the entire organization moves naturally and smoothly toward high levels of performance , responsibility and creativity “Art Kleiner, author Core Group Theory FORMAL
AND INFORMAL GROUPS
Group Dynamics – The social process by which people interact face-to-face in small
groups
Classification of Groups
Formal Group
Public Identity
Goals to Achieve
Informal Group
Common Interest
Proximity
FriendshipFORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
CLASSIFICATION OF GROUPS
FORMAL GROUPS committee or task
force - Relatively Temporary
- Created to accomplish a
short term task - Meeting
INFORMAL GROUPS Based on powerful
influence on productivity and job satisfaction; network
of personal and social relations
- Not established or required by formal
org.- Arises
spontaneously as people associate
with others
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
Forming Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning
1. Forming – The first stage in group development, characterized by much uncertainty
2. Storming – The second stage in group development characterized by intragroup
conflict 3. Norming – The third stage in group development,
characterized by close relationship and cohesiveness
4. Performing – The fourth sage in group development, during which the group is fully
functional5. Adjourning – The final stage in group
development for temporary groups , characterized by concern with wrapping up
activities rather than task performance
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
GROUP PROPERTIES
Cohesiveness
Size
Status
Norms
Roles Occupies a given position in a social unit
Acceptable standards of behavior
group is attracted to each other
standing
“how big something is”
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
GROUP PROPERTY 1: ROLES
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
ROLE Perception – An individual’s view of how he/she is supposed to act in a given
situation ROLE Expectation – How others believe a
person should act in a given situationPsychological Contract – unwritten
agreement that sets out what management expects from an employee
and vise-versaROLE Conflict – A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role
expectation
GROUP PROPERTY 2: NORMS
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
Reference Groups – Important groups to which individual belong or hope to belong
and with whose norms individuals are likely to conform
Conformity – The adjustment of one’s behavior to align with the norms of the
groupDeviant Workplace Behavior –
Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and, in so doing,
threatens the well-being of the organization or its members. Also called
anti-social behavior/ workplace incivility
GROUP PROPERTY 3: STATUS
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
Status Characteristics Theory – A theory that states that
differences in status characteristics create status
hierarchies within groups
GROUP PROPERTY 4: SIZE
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
Social Loafing – the tendency for individuals to
expand less effort when working collectively than
when working individually
GROUP PROPERTY 5: COHESIVENESS
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
Encourage Group Cohesiveness:1. Make group smaller
2. Encourage agreement with group goals 3. Increase time members spend together
4. Increase group status and perceived difficulty in attaining membership
5. Stimulate competition with other groups6. Give rewards to group
7. Physically isolate the group
FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATION AND ITS EFFECTS
Formal Organizati
on
Activities, Interactio
ns, Sentimen
ts Informal
Organization
Activities, Interactio
ns, Sentimen
ts
Employee Performan
ce
Employee
Satisfaction
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
FORMAL AND
INFORMAL GROUPS
THANK YOU VERY MUCH!