hcs study project title: hcs identification in pt gemilang...

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Summary Report Submitted for HCS Approach Peer Review Process

HCS Study Project Title:

HCS Identification in

PT Gemilang Makmur Subur

Company/Organisation:

PT Gemilang Makmur Subur

Contact person:

Martin Mach

Date:

February 2017

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Project description ......................................................................................... 4

1.1 Location and size of study area ................................................................. 4

1.2 Overview of proposed plantation development ....................................... 5

1.3 Description of surrounding landscape ...................................................... 6

1.4 Map of the site within the region ............................................................. 7

1.5 Relevant data sets available ...................................................................... 7

1.6 List of any reports/assessments used in the HCS assessment ................... 7

2. HCS assessment team and timeline ............................................................... 8

2.1 Names and qualifications ........................................................................................................ 8

2.2 Time period for major steps in the study ............................................................................... 8

3. Community engagement/ FPIC ...................................................................... 8

3.1 Summary of community engagement, FPIC, participatory mapping ...................................... 8

3.2 Summary of Social Impact Assessment (if any) ...................................................................... 9

4. High Conservation Value assessment ........................................................... 10

4.1 Summary and link to public summary report ....................................................................... 10

Figure 6. Map of HCV ....................................................................................... 11

5. Environmental Impact Assessment .............................................................. 11

5.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 11

6. Land cover image analysis ............................................................................ 13

6.3 Sample image ........................................................................................................................ 14

6.4 Method of stratification and software used ......................................................................... 16

6.5 Map of initial vegetation classes, with legend ...................................................................... 17

6.6 Table of total hectares per vegetation class ......................................................................... 18

6.7 Summary of which areas are potential HCS forest, subject to further analysis ................... 18

7. Forest inventory results ............................................................................... 18

7.1 Inventory sample design and plot rational ........................................................................... 18

7.2 Map indicating plots ............................................................................................................. 19

7.3 Forest inventory team members and roles .......................................................................... 20

7.4 Methodology used for forest sampling ................................................................................ 21

7.5 Methodology used for carbon calculations .......................................................................... 21

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7.6 Indicative photos of each vegetation class ........................................................................... 21

7.7 Statistical analysis (allometric used, confidence tests, justification) .................................... 24

7.8 Summary of statistical analysis of carbon stock results per vegetation class ...................... 24

7.9 Forest inventory results ........................................................................................................ 24

8. Land Cover Classification.............................................................................. 25

8.1 Refined land cover map with title, date, legend and any HCS forest patches identified ..... 25

9. Patch Analysis Result.................................................................................... 26

9.1 Results of Decision Tree ........................................................................................................ 26

Regarding community land use, the community has given their consent for the development plan

except the sacred area located on the hill. The community has also acknowledged the company’s

conservation area plan. .................................................................................................................... 28

9.2 Comments on Decision Tree outcome .................................................................................. 28

10. Indicative Land Use Plan ............................................................................ 29

10.1 Summary of results of final ground verification (if any) ....................................................... 29

10.2 Final HCS map ....................................................................................................................... 30

10.3 Overview of forest conservation management and monitoring activities to be included in

the Conservation and Development (land use) Plan ........................................................................ 30

10.4 List of activities still to be carried out before Conservation and Development Plan can be

finalised ............................................................................................................................................. 32

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1. Project description

1.1 Location and size of study area

The HCS study area is PT Gemilang Makmur Subur (PT GMS) agricultural licensed area for oil palm

plantation and its size is 5,190 ha1. Administratively, the company is located in Laman Satong village

of Matan Hilir Utara District of Ketapang Regency of Kalimantan Barat Province, Indonesia.

Astronomically, the study area is located in 01°24’40”- 01°30’35” South latitude and 110°12’53”-

110°19’0’’ East longitude (Figure 1). Geographically, the study area borders with:

- North : Nek Doyan village

- East : Protection Forest in Tarak Mountain

- South : PT Damai Agung Sentosa

- West : PT Kayung Agro Lestari

Figure 1. Location of PT GMS permitted boundary

1 SK Menhut No. 458/MENHUT-II/2012 Tanggal 15 Agustus 2012

Laman Satong Village

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1.2 Overview of proposed plantation development

The company’s licensed area was originally the location of PT Golden Youth Plantation (PT GY). PT

GY's operation was based on IUP (plantation business permit) and it opened its land in 2004 to 2007.

Due to problems with its operational management, PT GY in November 1, 2011 cooperated with PT

BGA and hand over its plantation to be managed. In October 2013, the Regent had cancelled PT GY’s

permit because its licensed area was a designated forest area.

On July 31, 2014, BGA Group officially ended their management contract with PT GY. Currently, the

status of PT GY operational area is a partnership plantation and is being managed by 4 cooperatives,

which are Rungau Sejahtera, Istana Pawan Mandiri, Mitra Penjalaan Permai, and Bukit Tunggal

Sejahtera.

In 2015, PT GMS acquired location permit on the area, whose status had become area for other

usages. Fresh Fruit Bunches received by PT GMS are supplied from one of BGA Group’s oil palm

plantations.

Land clearing was conducted from year 2004 to year 2007, during which the location permit and

agricultural business permit were still under the name of GY Plantation. PT GMS had developed a

nursery in year 2014. When the assessment was conducted, PT GMS had not opened any new land.

Currently, PT GMS is operating on land with location permit based on Surat Keputusan Bupati

Ketapang Nomor 272/PEM/2015 dated April 2, 2015.

Figure 2. Map showing proposed plantation development

Laman Satong Village

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1.3 Description of surrounding landscape

Concession area of PT GMS is located in Ketapang Regency. Based on land cover map, Ketapang

Regency is dominated by dry agricultural land mixed with bushes, plantations, and dryland secondary

forests. Land cover of PT GMS is a plantation and is surrounded by plantations (Figure 3). Meanwhile,

the nearest protected forest area from PT GMS concession area is 1.2 km in the east (Figure 4).

Figure 4. Map showing regional land cover of the Ketapang Region (Ministry of Forestry of the

Republic of Indonesia, 2014)

Figure 3 Map showing protected areas in the Ketapang Region (Ministry of Forestry of the

Republic of Indonesia, 2015)

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1.4 Map of the site within the region

Figure 5. Map showing PT GMS concession within the region

1.5 Relevant data sets available

Relevant data sets used in the assessment are:

• Carbon stock (Carbon Stock Assessment)

• Community consent (FPIC Verification)

• Satellite image acquisition on

• HCV area (HCV Assessment)

• Social impact information (Social Impact Assessment)

1.6 List of any reports/assessments used in the HCS assessment

• HCS Identification Report

• Carbon Stock Assessment Report

• HCV Assessment Report

• Social Impact Assessment Report

• FPIC Verification Report (discussed in HCS Report)

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2. HCS assessment team and timeline

2.1 Names and qualifications

High Carbon Stock Identification was conducted by three experts specializing in HCS Approach

Practice, Carbon Stock Estimation, FPIC, Social Studies, and HCV.

Table 1. Team conducting the HCS Assessment

Name Relevant Expertise

Bias Berlio Pradyatma

(Registered Assessor)

HCS Approach Practice, carbon stock estimation, forestry, biodiversity conservation, GIS, remote sensing, land use change analysis. (Team Leader)

Resit Sozer


HCV Assessment, Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation, HCS Approach Practice.

Risa D Syarif


Land Use Change Analysis, GIS, remote sensing, Carbon Stock Estimation, forestry, social, HCS Approach Practice.

Teuku Ade Fachlevi Social impact assessment, social HCV assessment, socio-economy survey, participatory mapping, FPIC

2.2 Time period for major steps in the study

Several relevant studies for HCS Identification.

Table 2. Relevant studies for HCS Identification

Assessment Timeline (Field Visit-Reporting) Assessor

High Conservation Value From October 2015 to June 2016 Aksenta

Social Impact Assessment From October 2015 to June 2016 Aksenta

Carbon Stock Assessment From October 2015 to June 2016 Aksenta

FPIC Verification From October 2015 to June 2016 Aksenta

HCS Identification From October 2015 to June 2016 Aksenta

3. Community engagement/ FPIC

3.1 Summary of community engagement, FPIC, participatory mapping

HCS assessment on the study area is for the purpose of protecting the presence of forests and their

functions to the environment. Additionally, this assessment also considers the community’s rights on

acquiring benefits from the study area. The benefits can either come from forest area or other types

of area. Allocating an area as HCS will limit land usage on the area, especially using it for oil palm

plantation. Communities around forest area tend to have no votes related to forest management and

no chance to acquire welfare from utilizing the forest (Dewi, Belcher, and Puntodewo 2005). Such

matters have placed an importance on community’s involvement in HCS assessment.

Villagers of Nek Doyan have rights on lands in the licensed area of PT GMS. Nek Doyan village is

administratively located in Laman Satong village. Land usage in the area has been conducted long

before PT GMS has officially acquired permit to operate in the area.

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The locals’ interaction with lands in the study area is considered high. They are using those lands for

their forest products and cultivating their basic needs. Dependency on forest had continued to the era

of large scale logging. The locals’ involvement with oil palm management has been developing since

2003 with the presence of provincial owned oil palm company. The provincial firm’s management on

the oil palm plantation is developing until now, even when it is under PT GMS’ management.

According to the locals, the presence of PT GMS has yielded many benefits for the locals. The company

prioritizes the locals to be hired as workers. The main livelihood of both Laman Satong and Nek Doyan

villagers is by working at an oil palm plantation company. To fulfil food necessity, the villagers are also

cultivating dryland rice, rubbers, fruits, and crops.

The process of achieving an agreement between the company and the locals must fulfil the principles

of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent, as it has been standardized by land acquiring SOP and FPIC

guidance for RSPO members. The indicator is used as a guidance to reach an agreement by

accommodating the locals’ expectation and without force and pressure. Proof of documentation of

FPIC please refer to HCS Identification report.

Regarding land tenure, the company has mapped the area in a participatory approach, include

potential regional development area and conservation areas (see Section 10.3 and Figure 20). Total

areas that have been compensated cover 3,158 ha, consist of 61 plot area which are represent several

group. The acquisition is based on letter of evidence (Surat Keterangan Tanah - SKT) or ownership

claim, which are in accordance with the FPIC process.

Based on FPIC result and participatory mapping, it is known that there are no lands in the study area

being disapproved for oil palm plantation development. The locals are expecting that the oil palm

plantation development can soon begin. This is related to new job opportunities and increase in

income from the community’s plantation partnership with the company.

3.2 Summary of Social Impact Assessment (if any)

Provided in NPP Summary Report

Social impact assessment (SIA) is conducted to identify social impacts from the presence and operation

of PT Gemilang Makmur Subur in Matan Hilir Utara District of Ketapang Regency of Kalimantan Barat

Province. The output from this assessment will be used as a material to draft social management and

monitoring. Social management and monitoring are inseparable part of the overall sustainable palm

oil production management conducted by the company.

The most important positive impact comes from the community’s plantation partnership between the

company and villagers of both Nek Doyan and Laman Satong. The program has positively impacted

the locals’ financial capital. There is a total of 341 people whose income will increase due to the

program. Those people are members of Rungau Sejahtara plantation cooperatives, village’s office,

village, youth organization, religious organization, and custom institution. The number is equivalent

to 98% of households’ population in Nek Doyan village. The most important negative impact comes

from the company’s license problem that has caused the plantation to be closed off by Police. There

are 488 workers whose financial capital has been negatively affected by the closing. The number of

workers is equivalent to 122% of households’ population in Nek Doyan village.

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Positive impact from new job opportunities and hirings will affect more or less 818 people, which are

about 30% of the population in Laman Satong village. New job opportunities and hirings will affect the

village’s overall financial capital and human capital. Those who managed to be hired will have their

financial capital increases by about 15% of Ketapang Regency’s revenue in one fiscal year. Hiring stage

will have both positive and negative impacts. New hirings will increase the number of newcomers

looking for work. As such, the increase of newcomers will not only positively affect human capital, but

also will negatively affect social capital. There will be higher risks of social conflict due to competition

to get jobs between the villagers and newcomers. The highest social risk that will be faced by the

company is the disapprovals from few villagers of Nek Doyan. They disapprove the community’s

plantation partnership program. Other identified social risks are the tradition of land clearing by

burning, low education level on average, change in customary officials, not properly managed

cooperatives, and unpaid contractors. Social issues related to the workers are the implementation of

work disciplines and employment status. Social risk being faced internally is the lopsided employment

status.

Several recommendations for social management are aiming to mitigate adverse effects as well as

advance benefits. The recommendations prescribed are include developing integrated social

management plan, implementing SOP of documentation and communication, complement key

stakeholder list, and establish smallholder partnership.

4. High Conservation Value assessment

4.1 Summary and link to public summary report

HCV assessment was conducted in October 2015. Based on the assessment, HCV areas in the study

area consist of hills, river and riparian area, and agroforestry. There are 5 types of HCV found in the

study area, i.e. HCV 1, HCV 3, HCV 4, HCV 5, and HCV 6, which covered 848.8 ha or about 16.3% of the

study area (Figure 6).

HCV 1 area in the study area is a habitat of several rare, endangered, and endemic species. HCV 3

areas are rare ecosystems such as peat swamp and fresh-water swamp forest. HCV 4 areas are

environmental service providers such as rivers, peat swamp forest, hills, and riverbanks. HCV 5 areas

are hills as a place to provide fruits, foothills as a place to cultivate, and natai has a place to provide

fruits. Lastly, HCV 6 areas in the study area are hills that serve as sacred place and have historical

values for the locals. Meanwhile, HCV 2 was not found since there are no core area nor buffer zone to

important large landscape-level.

Main threats to the HCV areas are mostly caused by external factor, e.g. land clearance for farming,

timber extraction, or poaching. Therefore, a collaborative management with local community and

relevant stakeholders is recommended in term of HCV management and monitoring.

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Figure 6. Map of HCV

Link Public Summary Report:

https://www.hcvnetwork.org/als/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/documents/summary_report

_hcv_pt_gms_als_15-09-2016_complete_02.pdf

5. Environmental Impact Assessment

5.1 Summary

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has carried out year 2015 (until November 2015) with the

step of assessment since develop of KA-ANDAL till envirnmental permit issued include of public

announcement on Tribun newsletter – Pontianak dated on 5 August 2015.

EIA or AMDAL document consist of the refer of framework for analysis of environment impact (KA-

ANDAL - Kerangka Acuan Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Hidup), analysis of environment impact (ANDAL

- Analisis Dampak Lingkungan) and management and monitoring of environment (RKL-RPL - Rencana

Pengelolaan dan Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan Hidup). Scope of EIA document is developt of

plantation and palm oil mill on total of areas ± 5,190 ha and mill capacity is 45 tonnes/ hour (location

permit no.272/PEM/TAHUN 2015).

The company have environment permit from Local Government of Ketapang District (Head of

Ketapang District decree no.743/KLH-B/2015 dated on 3 November 2015) with scope of study was

cover development of palm oil plantation of ± 5,190 ha and palm oil mill with production capacity of

45 ton FFB per hour. The company has been showed to auditor team regarding approval for KA-

https://www.hcvnetwork.org/als/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/documents/summary_report_hcv_pt_gms_als_15-09-2016_complete_02.pdf

https://www.hcvnetwork.org/als/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/documents/summary_report_hcv_pt_gms_als_15-09-2016_complete_02.pdf

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ANDAL, ANDAL and RKL/RPL from local government in form of Head of Ketapang decree no.716/KLH-

B/2015 dated on 28 October 2015 (regarding environment feasibility).

The document was cover all phase of development palm oil plantation and palm oil mill, starting from

pre-construction phase, construction phase, operational phase and pasca-operational phase. The

evaluation results of the significant impact are:

• Decrease of air quality and increase of noise in construction & operation phase (significant)

• Decrease of water surface quality in construction phase (significant)

• Land subsidence in construction phase (significant)

• Change of physiography in construction phase (significant)

• Change of drainage pattern in construction phase (significant)

• Potential of forest fire, land and plantation in construction phase (significant)

• Decrease of biodiversity (flora and fauna) in construction phase (significant)

• Increase of economic activity in construction & operational phase (significant)

• Income of community in construction & operational phase (significant)

• People’s behavior patterns in pre-construction, construction & operational phase (significant)

• Perception & attitude of community in pre-construction phase (not significant)

• Social conflict in construction phase (significant)

• Level of health community in construction phase (significant) and operational phase (not

significant)

AMDAL or EIA document were technical reviewed dated on 7 August 2015 for KA-ANDAL report and

11 September 2015 for ANDAL report which participated by some parties such as head of TKD in Matan

Hilir Utara Sub District, Plantation Agency at Ketapang District, Forest Agency at West Kalimantan

Province, Evinronment Agency at Ketapang District, Health Agency at West Kalimantan Province,

Transportation, Communication and Information Agency at West Kalimantan Province, Local

Government Secretariat at West Kalimantan Province, Plantation Agency at West Kalimantan

Province, Local Development Planning Agency at Ketapang District, University of Tanjungpura, Mining

company (PT Laman Mining), head of Laman Satong Sub District, community from Laman Satong

village, Public work at Ketapang District, Labor and Transmigration Agency at West Kalimantan

Province, Forest Areas Agency at West Kalimantan Province, Military. The result of technical review

has included/stated on KA-ANDAL and ANDAL report.

The record of stakeholder consultation with relevant parties was available on EIA report example

announcement on Tribun Pontianak newspaper date on 5 August 2015 and minute of exspose

regarding develop of oil palm plantation date on 5 June 2014, etc so that there are evidences that

develop of EIA report involving communities and other parties which give impact.

The RKL-RPL documents has developed according to the relevant regulations and content the

following :

RKL (Environment management plan):

• Environment impact which managed

• Impact source

• Indicator of success on environment management

• Activities on environment management

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• Location of environment management

• Institution of environment management

RPL (Environment monitoring plan):

• Identified significant environmental impact;

• Identified impact resources (activities);

• Parameters;

• Collecting data and impact analyst method;

• Location/areas;

• Timetable and/or frequency of monitoring;

• Institution of environment management (Person in charge to monitor environmental impact,

supervisor and receipt report).

6. Land cover image analysis

6.1 Area of Interest and how it was defined

Area of Interest (AOI) considered in the analysis is the concession area of PT GMS and 1 km buffer as

recommended by HCS Toolkit. One-kilometre buffer is considered to identify larger forest landscapes

so that the analysis also considers wider forest landscape corridors. Secondary forests, thickets,

shrubs, bushes, bare land, and oil palm are the land covers in the study area.

Oil palm plantation activities in the study area have started in year 2004. However, at the time, the

study area was managed by Golden Youth (GY) Plantation. Between 2004 and 2007, GY Plantation

planted oil palms. Due to incorrect permit, plantation permit for the study area was cancelled by the

Regent. Thus, in October 2013, GY Plantation stopped operating. Majority of the concession area is

dominated by oil palms. Operational oil palm areas and bare lands opened to be planted are central

to southern parts from the west end to the east end.

Land covers such as bushes are identified by seeing green with degraded brown color on the satellite

image. Shrubs on the satellite image have light brownish green colors, which sometimes toward pale

yellow colors. Those land covers are identified in the northern parts near forest areas.

Thicket and secondary forest areas are mostly found in the northern part of the plantation. Those land

covers are the most HCS potential land covers by examining their location, size, and shape. Majority

of thicket and secondary forest areas are part of northern and riparian areas that have been conserved

from the previous development.

6.2 Description of images used for classification

Classification is based on the latest satellite image available and verified by google earth satellite

images and above ground carbon stock estimation in Carbon Stock Assessment (CSA). Satellite images

used for classification are images from Landsat 8 satellite 121 row 61 acquired on September 27, 2016

and google earth.

Aside from using satellite image for land cover analysis, photos taken by drone with greater details on

land covers are also used. Photos taken by drone can be seen on Figure 9. Both google earth imagery

and UAV imagery were used to verify and (if needed) refine the boundary of the potential HCS area,

e.g. thicket or secondary forest area.

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6.3 Sample image

Figure 7. Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery of the AOI on September 27rd, 2016

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Figure 8. Google earth imagery of the AOI in 2016

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Figure 9. Drone Aerial Photo Preview

6.4 Method of stratification and software used

Manual classification of land covers is conducted by visually interpreting satellite image. HCS land

cover classifications are then verified with carbon stock distribution map resulted from Carbon Stock

Assessment.

Carbon stock distribution map is produced by modelling correlation between digital number from

satellite image and carbon stock value from sampling locations. Modeling is then used to produce

carbon stock distribution in the study area.

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6.5 Map of initial vegetation classes, with legend

Figure 10. Initial land cover classification

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6.6 Table of total hectares per vegetation class

Table 4. Hectares per vegetation class

Land cover class Number of Hectares % of total concession

Potential HCS classes:

High Density Forest - Medium Density Forest - Low Density Forest (Secondary Forest) 114.61 2.20

Young Regenerating Forest (Thicket) 687.49 13.18

Sub-total 802.09 15.38

Non-HCS classes, e.g.:

Shrubs 510.22 9.78

Bushes 453.15 8.69

Open Land 214.94 4.12

Oil Palm 3,236.13 62.04

Sub-total 4,414.44 84.62

TOTAL 5,216.53 100

6.7 Summary of which areas are potential HCS forest, subject to further analysis

The potential HCS forest area consists of LDF (Secondary Forest) and YRF (Thicket). The LCS/degraded

land which is potential for development consists of Bush-shrubs and Open Land.

Table 5. HCS land cover classification convergence and average carbon stock

HCS Class Land Cover Type Carbon Stock

LDF Secondary Forest 55.10 tonC/ha

YRF Thicket 27.23 tonC/ha

LCS/Degraded Land Bush-shrubs 1.05 tonC/ha

7. Forest inventory results

7.1 Inventory sample design and plot rational

From the planned thirty-two (32) sampling points (Figure 11), there are 27 points successfully taken

(Figure 12). There was a land fire during the assessment, thus several previously interpreted land

covers were incorrect. In order to get high accuracy, Stratified Random Sampling technique was used.

The number of observation plots in the field was adjusted with vegetation cover stratification results

as previously explained. Random sampling was not proportionally conducted in order to include small-

sized vegetation covers in the sample. This method can yield better estimation than other methods

(MacDicken, 1997). In carbon mapping, only 19 points were used when modelling the correlation

between the digital number and biomass carbon.

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Table 6. Number of plots per vegetation class

Land Cover Number of Sample Plots

Secondary Forest 9

Thicket 11

Shrubs 1

Bushes 6

Open Land -

Total 27

7.2 Map indicating plots

Figure 11. Original plan on sampling points for every land cover

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Figure 12. Sampling points successfully taken along with their carbon value

7.3 Forest inventory team members and roles

Ryan Karida Pratama; Is an expert in agroclimatology, soil and water

conservation, and GIS and Remote Sensing. He received his Bachelor

degree in Geophysic and Meteorology from IPB (Bogor Agricultural

University). He has experiences in land cover change assessments and

climatology application, especially in greenhouse gas emission. He

began his career in 2013 with carbon stock assessment in forest area

on peat and mineral soils and assessment regarding water and soil

managements. In this assessment, he is responsible for acquiring data

and samples for biomass and necromass carbons.

Role: Team Leader

Bias Berlio Pradyatma; Received his Bachelor degree in Forestry from

IPB. He is an expert in vegetation assessment and analysis. He is

experienced in surveying tropical forests in Papua and Kalimantan for

estimating and calculating tree biomass relevant for conservation

interests. Began his career in 2012 by calculating carbon stock from

trees in Papua with IPB. Is currently active in activities related with

plants taxonomy. In this assessment, he is responsible for ecology and

carbon stock calculations.

Role: Identifying plants and calculating forest biomass

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M. Ahda Agung Arifian; Received his Bachelor degree in Forestry from

IPB. He is an expert in vegetation assessment and analysis. He is

experienced in surveying tropical forests in Kalimantan and Sumatra for

estimating and calculating tree biomass relevant for conservation

interests. He is currently an active assistant in forestry laboratory at IPB

and active in activities related with plants taxonomy.

Role: Identifying plants and calculating forest biomass

Andrini Eka Diah Prakoso; She is an expert in GIS and Remote Sensing.

She received Bachelor degree in Geophysic and Meteorology from IPB.

She is experienced in land cover change assessments and identifying

physical land characteristics with Remote Sensing technology. She

began her career with assessments of land fire index in forest areas on

peat and mineral soils using satellite imagery. In this assessment, she

is responsible in managing spatial and remote sensing data.

Role: GIS specialist

7.4 Methodology used for forest sampling

In order to get high accuracy, Stratified Random Sampling technique was used. The number of

observation plots in the field was adjusted with vegetation cover stratification results as previously

explained. Random sampling was not proportionally conducted in order to include small-sized

vegetation covers in the sample. This method can yield better estimation than other methods

(MacDicken, 1997).

Measuring one or two variables in biomass is conducted in order to know its value. Estimating biomass

value in this assessment is by measuring diameter at breast high (DBH). Measuring diameter is

conducted on stakes, poles, and trees. Seedlings, however, are counted based collectives in 1 meter

by 1-meter measurement plots. The plot shape used in inventorizing trees is given below (see section

2.3 Study Method in full report).

7.5 Methodology used for carbon calculations

Vegetation carbon stock is measured with ratio of biomass to carbon stock from trees at 0.47 (IPCC,

2006). Biomass value is derived from the trees diameter by using allometric equation (see Section 7.7).

7.6 Indicative photos of each vegetation class

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Figure 13. Secondary forest

Figure 14. Thicket

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Figure 15. Shrubs

Figure 16. Bushes

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Figure 17. Open land and oil palm

7.7 Statistical analysis (allometric used, confidence tests, justification)

According to Brown (1997), trees biomass allometric is used in "Biomassa memperkirakan untuk hutan

tropis basah". Trees diameter data are converted into biomass value by using trees biomass allometric

equation. The biomass value is then converted to carbon value using 0.47 factor. Allometric used for

carbon estimation mainly refers to “Pedoman Penggunaan Model Alometrik untuk Pendugaan

Biomassa dan Stok Karbon Hutan Indonesia” based on Peraturan Kepala Badan Penelitian dan

Pengembangan Kehutanan No.P.01/VIII-P3KR/2012. Additionally, not all tree types have allometric

equation, thus similarity in ecosystem is used instead (see Annex 3. Analisis Vegetasi dan Perhitungan

Persamaan Alometrik in Carbon Stock Assessment Report).

7.8 Summary of statistical analysis of carbon stock results per vegetation class Table 7. Summary of statistical analysis per vegetation class

Land cover class Number of Plots

Stems per

hectare

Basal Area Average Carbon Stocks

Standard error of

the mean

Confidence limits (90%)

Lower Upper

Open Land - -

Bush-shrub 7 4800 67679.33 1.05 1.62 0.8 1.3

Young Regenerating Forest/Thicket 11 2511 236928.1805 27.23 0.73 18.53 35.93

Low Density Forest/Secondary Forest 9 2372 262747.48 55.10 0.05 40.5 69.7

7.9 Forest inventory results

Table 8. Land cover average carbon value and description

Land cover class Average carbon value

Physical description of the land cover, e.g. species mix, forest type (pioneer, regenerating, primary etc.), diameter

distribution, structural indices, maturity indices, etc.

Open Land 0

Least vegetated region, found as bare lands for planting, pedestrians, roads, and buildings.

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Scrub 1.96

Dominated by bushes, herbals, and/or stubbles. Mostly found in cleared and/or first time burned lands, then covered by pioneer vegetation as the beginning succession process.

Young Regenerating Forest

29.26

Dominated by trees with 20 to 35 cm DBH. Several thicket areas found are abandoned community’s cultivation lands, while others are lands with middle succession stage after being cleared and/or burned.

Low Density Forest 63.94

Is dominated with 20 to 35 cm trees and > 35 cm DBH.

8. Land Cover Classification

8.1 Refined land cover map with title, date, legend and any HCS forest patches identified

Figure 18. Refined land cover classification

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9. Patch Analysis Result

9.1 Results of Decision Tree

Table 9. Result of decision tree

Patch number

Total area (ha)

Of which core (ha)

Priority (Low-LP, Medium-MP, High-

HP)

Description of Decision Tree results

1 0.000138396 <10 LP Conserve

2 0.0841595 <10 LP Conserve

3 0.216661 <10 LP Conserve

4 0.326206 <10 LP Conserve

5 1.58558 <10 LP Conserve





10 31.7895 10-100 MP Conserve

11 0.000333799 >100 HP Conserve

12 0.0335519 >100 HP Conserve

13 0.0521424 >100 HP Conserve

14 0.0914376 >100 HP Conserve

15 0.213841 >100 HP Conserve

16 0.224267 >100 HP Conserve

17 0.260882 >100 HP Conserve

18 0.349875 >100 HP Proposed for Development

19 0.357133 >100 HP Conserve

20 0.369417 >100 HP Conserve

21 0.584562 >100 HP Conserve

22 0.73952 >100 HP Conserve

23 0.859639 >100 HP Conserve

24 0.873623 >100 HP Conserve

25 1.14181 >100 HP Conserve

26 1.23939 >100 HP Conserve

27 1.57645 >100 HP Conserve

28 2.09214 >100 HP Conserve

29 2.60165 >100 HP Conserve

30 2.764 >100 HP Conserve

31 3.2256 >100 HP Conserve

32 5.18646 >100 HP Conserve

33 5.62118 >100 HP Conserve

34 17.455 >100 HP Conserve

35 25.8849 >100 HP Conserve

36 27.6117 >100 HP Conserve

37 30.7799 >100 HP Conserve

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Patch number

Total area (ha)

Of which core (ha)


HP)


38 32.2993 >100 HP Conserve

39 50.8871 >100 HP Conserve

40 224.174 >100 HP Conserve

41 267.337 >100 HP Conserve

42 0.00620749 - LCS Proposed for Development



45 0.0203668 - LCS Conserve


































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Patch number

Total area (ha)

Of which core (ha)


HP)





























In the table above, LCS is for non-forest covered areas, which have low carbon stock values.

Additionally, those areas cannot be classified into Low Priority, Medium Priority or High Priority as

those areas are not covered by forests.

Regarding community land use, the community has given their consent for the development plan

except the sacred area located on the hill. The community has also acknowledged the company’s

conservation area plan.

9.2 Comments on Decision Tree outcome

In the table, a detailed explanation regarding patch analysis has been given in full report. Pre-RBA and

RBA are approached using the result of HCV assessment due to being identical problems. Conservation

region is part of HCV. HCS areas are functioning as a provider of environmental service and as an

ecology. Majority of conservation regions or forest covered regions are located along rivers and water.

Those regions are identified as river floodplains, which serve as areas to sustain rivers’ overflow from

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flooding the plantation area. Those regions are also nearby to HCV regions that are conserved as

wildlife habitats. Therefore, conservation regions in overall will provide environmental services and

ecological function.

Key species identified within the study area include 10 mammals species, 2 reptiles, and 9 birds. Those

are: Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), Owa Ungko (Hylobates agilis), Lutung Merah (Presbytis rubicunda),

Lutung (Jirangan Presbytis frontata), Beruk (Macaca nemestrina), Kukang (Nycticebus menagensis),

Krabuku Ingkat (Tarsius bancanus), Beruang (Helarctos malayanus), Kucing Hutan (Prionailurus

bengalensis), Rusa (Cervus unicolor), Buaya Muara (Crocodylus porosus), Buaya Sinyulong (Tomistoma

schlegelii), Elang Brontok (Nisaetus cirrhatus), Kuau Raja (Argusianus argus grayi), Serindit Melayu

(Loriculus galgulus), Betet Ekor-panjang (Psittacula longicauda), Kangkareng Hitam (Anthracoceros

malayanus), Rangkong Badak (Buceros rhinoceros), Enggang Klihingan (Anorrhinus galeritus), Kipasan

Belang (Rhipidura javanica) dan Burung Beo (Gracula religiosa).

10. Indicative Land Use Plan

10.1 Summary of results of final ground verification (if any)

Integration of all conservation areas in this stage is conducted on HCS areas, HCV areas, peat

ecosystems, and areas not recommended for oil palm plantation development (Figure 19). Result of

those conservation areas integration forms synchronized patch and is able to function as forest

corridor in PT GMS licensed area and its surroundings.

Final ground verification and delineation have not yet conducted. These activities, however, will be

conducted along with socialization to community and regional government. Those activities will

reiterate that land usage on conservation and development planned areas will abide the company’s

management plan, community’s FPIC, and regional government’s development plan. Those processes

will be guided by GPS to reiterate land usage plan, conservation areas, and to mark the borders of

conservation area.

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10.2 Final HCS map

Figure 19. Land use plan

10.3 Overview of forest conservation management and monitoring activities to be included in

the Conservation and Development (land use) Plan

Land acquisitions done by the company include potential regional development area and conservation

areas, which are in accordance with the FPIC process (Figure 20). The company has full authority to

manage the area. Management plan of conservation area and potential community’s involvement will

be discussed further after compensation process has been completed. The company is responsible for

conservation areas. Further discussion with the community and local government will be conducted

to identify collaboration potential on conservation area management. The plan will be focused on

ensuring that ecology and environment are functioning properly. Limiting natural resources utilization

in the conservation area is also probable.

Forest conservation management and monitoring include:

- Integration with HCV management, peatland management, and the required regular

environment management (RKL/RPL)

- Socialization and collaboration with relevant stakeholders (communities, neighbor company,

local government), especially in mitigating land fires and managing connectivity of the conservation

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areas

Figure 20. Land acquisitions map based on participatory mapping through FPIC process

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10.4 List of activities still to be carried out before Conservation and Development Plan can be finalised

Activity Time Frame

Q1Y1 Q2Y1 Q3Y1 Q4Y1 Q1Y2 Q2Y2 Q3Y2 Q4Y2 Q1Y3 Q2Y3 Q3Y3 Q4Y3

Improve management and protection of conservation areas to avoid land fires in the area.

To work with other company around the area & the communities.

Enriching conservation areas by planting trees to accelerate the formation of trees and forest corridor and to prevent easily burnt down stubbles from growing.

Enriching programs will follow the priorities based on land cover maps and program will up to 3 years

Preserve and manage conservation areas as a forest corridor for wildlife in the study area and its surroundings.

Based on Management Plan program

Determining the borders of conservation areas as a precautionary step to ensure plantation activities will not disturb the area.

Put the boundary markers. Beginning with the location which bordering to the area to be opened, then continue to next round

Conduct delineation for areas resulted from assessment to acquire their size accurately.

Aerial photography to build a land cover class map as a reference of land rehabilitation

hcs study project title: hcs identification in pt gemilang...

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