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HDC Soft Fruit Agronomist’s Handbook

2015

A Guide to Current Soft Fruit Research and Communications

HDC is a division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board

Contents

Section

Page

Introduction

1

Current soft fruit projects

3

Summary of new projects which began in 2014

7

New projects starting in 2015

17

Other HDC projects of interest to the soft fruit sector

23

EAMUs secured for the soft fruit industry in the last year

31

Publication order forms (All Sectors)

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Introduction The HDC was set up in 1986 to collect a levy from commercial horticultural producers to fund near market research projects to find solutions to growers’ ever changing production problems. Since then, the soft fruit sector has worked collectively through the HDC Soft Fruit Panel to ensure that our levy has been spent wisely, thus profiting from the research we have funded. One significant problem HDC faces each year is ensuring that its levy payers are fully aware of the useful results that emanate from the projects that they are funding. There are currently 27 soft fruit research projects in progress with a further three due to start this year. HDC reports on the progress of all its projects in the HDC News magazine as well as through press releases, presentations at conferences and on the HDC website. However, most growers are so busy throughout the year producing their crop and seeking to satisfy their customers’ numerous demands that many don’t make time to avail themselves of such information. It is for this reason that we now produce a ‘Soft Fruit Review’ magazine to provide abbreviated summaries of the progress being made in the full range of projects being undertaken by HDC on soft fruit. In so doing, it is hoped that growers can quickly assimilate all of the important information emanating from the research. In addition, HDC must rely upon agronomists that work with fruit growers on a daily basis to help to disseminate the results of the projects by word of mouth. To this end, we have organised an HDC Fruit Agronomists’ Day to ensure that all agronomists are fully briefed on the current projects, important results to date and useful information and products which are developed from our research. To complement this day, we have produced this short handbook which will provide agronomists with a useful reference guide to HDC research on soft fruits. I hope you find the handbook to be a useful aide memoir during the coming season. Scott Raffle HDC Knowledge Transfer Manager

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Current Soft Fruit Projects (February 2015)

Project no.

Title Duration Contractor Industry representative

SF 35c Scottish raspberry breeding programme

April 2014 - March 2024

Nikki Jennings (JHI)

Ross Mitchell (Murray T Mitchell)

SF 41d Trialling summer fruiting raspberry varieties and advanced selections in soil

March 2013 – March 2017

Janet Allen and Harriet Roberts (ADAS)

Salih Hodzhov (WB Chambers & Son)

SF 96a Membership of the East Malling Strawberry Breeding Club

June 2013 – May 2018

Adam Whitehouse (EMR)

Marion Regan (Hugh Lowe Farms Ltd)

SF 120 Biological, semiochemical and selective chemical management methods for insecticide resistant western flower thrips on protected strawberry (LINK)

April 2010 – March 2015

Jerry Cross (EMR)

Richard Harnden (Berry Gardens Growers)

SF 128a Trialling new June-bearing strawberry varieties and advanced selections in substrate

March 2013 – September 2015

Sarah Troop (Meiosis Ltd)

Stephen McGuffie (New Farm Produce)

SF 133 Optimising tarsonemid control on strawberry using predatory mites


Michelle Fountain (EMR)

Harriet Duncalfe, (H & H Duncalfe)

SF 137 Timing of nitrogen applications on blueberry to optimise growth and yield without adversely affecting fruit storability and frost sensitivity

April 2012 –December 2015

James Carew (FAST)

Laurie Adams (Hall Hunter Partnership)

SF 138 Application of genomics in raspberry variety development

October 2012 – September 2015

Julie Graham (JHI)

Harriet Duncalfe (H & H Duncalfe)

SF 139 Semiochemical control of raspberry cane midge


Jerry Cross (EMR)

Ross Mitchell (Murray T Mitchell)

SF 140 Control of potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) on strawberry in spring



Andrew Reeve (BR Brooks & Son)

SF 141 Efficacy of insecticides, timed using the blackberry leaf midge sex pheromone trap, to control the pest on raspberry

March 2013 – March 2015



SF 144 Early detection of stress in strawberry plants using novel image analysis techniques (Studentship)


Andrew French (University of Nottingham)


SF 145 Understanding and developing methods for managing spotted wing drosophila (SWD) in the UK: Vital research to maintain the viability of the UK fruit industry

October 2013 – March 2017

Jerry Cross (EMR) and Alison Dolan (JHI)


SF 146 New predators as bio-control agents of western flower thrips on protected


Chantelle Jay and Michelle Fountain


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strawberry (EMR)

SF 147 Development of a sex pheromone monitoring trap for gooseberry sawfly



Richard Stanley (Stanley & Pickford)

SF 148 Understanding the scale and importance of raspberry leaf blotch virus and its association with raspberry leaf and bud mite

March 2014 – July 2017

Stuart MacFarlane (JHI) and Harriet Roberts (ADAS)

Seth Walpole (RW Walpole)

SF 149 Exploring whether redberry disease of blackberry is caused by a mite-transmitted virus


Stuart MacFarlane (JHI) and Janet Allen (ADAS)


SF 150 Review of the identification and control of progressive die-back symptoms in blueberry


Graham Moore (FAST)


SF 151 Investigating rates and application timing of carfentrazine ethyl (Shark) as a dormant season herbicide on strawberry

February 2014 – November 2015

Harriet Roberts and Janet Allen (ADAS)

Richard Stanley (Stanley & Pickford)

SF 152 Improving the consistency of fruit quality in substrate-grown June-bearer strawberry varieties


Mark Else and Eleftheria Stavridou (EMR)


SF 153 Selection of strains of predatory mites that can survive applications of insecticides required for SWD control


David Buss (EMR)


SF 155 Imaging sensor solutions in the soft fruit industry for the high throughput phenotyping and monitoring of abiotic and biotic stresses for premium variety production and maximised yields (TSB)


Julie Graham (JHI)

Peter Thomson (Thomas Thomson Blairgowrie Ltd)

CP 77 Sustainable crop and environment protection – targeted research for edibles – SCEPTRE (LINK)


Tim O’Neill (ADAS)


CP 90 Succession planning to sustain the UK’s expertise in field and laboratory plant pathology research and development (EMT/HDC/HTA Fellowship)

October 2011 – November 2016

Angela Berrie (EMR)

Andrew Tinsley (HDC)

CP 94 Genetic mapping and high throughput phenotyping of fruit quality traits in Fragaria x ananassa (HDC Studentship)


Richard Harrison (EMR)


CP 122 The identification of viral pathogens suitable for the control of Drosophila suzukii in the UK (HDC Studentship)

January 2015 – December 2017

Darren Obbard (University of Edinburgh)

Jon Knight (HDC)

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CP 106 Precolonisation of strawberry runners and tray plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to manage Verticillium Wilt (HDC Studentship)


Xiangming Xu (EMR)


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Summary of New Projects which Began in 2014

SF 144 – Early detection of stress in strawberry plants using novel image analysis techniques (Studentship) Term: April 2014 to March 2017 Project leader: Andrew French, University of Nottingham Industry representative: Marion Regan, Hugh Lowe Farms Location: University of Nottihngham and East Malling Research Background

This project aims to improve the detection and prediction of events such as drought or disease stress before associated damage and financial costs are incurred. To achieve this, cutting edge imaging technology and software algorithms will be used. To replicate this process manually would require heavy investment in terms of manual inspection time and training. The additional advantage of developing technology based approaches is the removal of the subjectivity present in observations made by an individual person, and the ability to automate this process in the future, further reducing labour costs and improving efficiency. The imaging equipment used can ‘see’ regions of the visible spectrum which humans cannot, increasing further the detection potential of the approach.

To achieve this, the project will investigate the use of hyperspectral imaging to identify differences in growth in glasshouse-based strawberry crops. Time-series hyperspectral datasets will capture crop growth as a series of images. The hyperspectral image acquisition system will be used at East Malling Research (EMR) in a glasshouse, and will capture time lapse images of multiple strawberry plants. The resulting image data will be analysed using novel image analysis techniques to extract information about the plants from the images. The extracted data will be a valuable resource documenting crop growth, and data mining approaches can then be used to pick out significant parts of the dataset to enable detection of visible effects in the crop, and ideally predict the onset of effects before the crop is damaged.

Progress During the 2014 growing season, eight strawberry varieties (each with six replicates) were selected at EMR for an initial experiment on drought. The strawberries were transferred to glasshouses at Nottingham and imaged in the laboratory. The hyperspectral images for the strawberry plants were collected using a visible light and Near Infra-Red (VNIR) camera. The preliminary dataset includes a time-series from ‘well watered’ strawberry plants up to the visible onset of drought. The aim is to use the dataset to develop new segmentation methods for finding the plants and diseases, then analyse the data to determine whether there are any wavelengths that identify signs of early stress. The dataset is currently being analysed using image analysis and spectral unmixing which rearranges the dataset to produce a graph with the different spectra (plant, soil etc.). In progress is an automatic leaf detection system which

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will enable us to start building a geometric model of the plant. The PhD student is also investigating existing techniques and exploring the hyperspectral field to find different ways to segment and analyse the images. These could potentially be applied to detect certain diseases, such as powdery mildew, which is a common problem in glasshouse-grown strawberry plants.

SF 146 – New predators as bio-control agents of western flower thrips on protected strawberry Term: April 2014 to March 2017 Project leaders: Chantelle Jay and Michelle Fountain, EMR Industry representative: Marion Regan, Hugh Lowe Farms Location: East Malling Research Background Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, is a devastating pest of protected strawberries and experiences in 2013 have demonstrated that existing bio-controls are inadequate in hot conditions. Feeding by the pest on the flowers and developing fruits leads to bronzing of the fruit, which can cause downgrading to Class 2 or, in severe cases, to crop losses. This project aims to identify potential predators not currently widely exploited for WFT control, which could be incorporated into a bio-control programme for the pest to replace or supplement Neoseiulus cucumeris. The efficacy of these predators will be determined in controlled environment conditions typical of those found under Spanish tunnels. Predators that are currently recommended for use on other crops but may be effective in protected strawberry will be evaluated. Other naturally occurring predators of WFT in crops and surrounding habitats will also be identified. In addition, the efficacy of commercial control agents that are applied to the substrate will be determined. Progress Initial work in 2014 involved sampling both at EMR and on commercial strawberry farms for potential predators of western flower thrips. The work will be developed further in 2015 using cabinets to provide controlled environments in which predation using a range of predators can be examined more carefully. Included amongst the predators will be Orius and and anthocorids. The first results will be made available later in 2015.

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SF 147 – Development of a sex pheromone monitoring trap for gooseberry sawfly Term: April 2014 to March 2017 Project leader: Michelle Fountain, EMR Industry representative: Richard Stanley, Stanley & Pickford Location: East Malling Research, Natural Resources Institute and commercial plantations Background In 2013, excellent progress was made by EMR and NRI in identifying the sex pheromone of the blackcurrant sawfly, Nematus olfaciens (Tenthredinidae) (in HortLINK project HL01105). Pheromone blends have been tested in blackcurrant plantations and have shown significant catches of male sawfly. The studies have considerably advanced our understanding of the rather complicated sex pheromones of this family of insects and given us valuable expertise in the methods of identifying them. This finding will help the discovery of other closely related sawfly pheromones including the common gooseberry sawfly, Nematus ribesii, which is a key insect pest of gooseberry. This species causes significant and devastating damage to gooseberry crops. The larvae devour large sections of the leaf lamina, often leading to complete bush defoliation. Damage often occurs in the centre of the bush first, but larvae soon disperse to feed on leaves throughout the whole plant. In addition, feeding attacks are often sporadic and unpredictable. Predicting an outbreak is done by scouting for eggs, but this is time consuming and eggs may be missed if the plantation is not well covered during an inspection. The identification of the common gooseberry sawfly sex pheromone would allow growers to predict adult emergence in the crop accurately and time and target plant protection products better to control adults and larvae feeding on the foliage. This project will set out to detect and collect female-specific compounds released by female gooseberry sawfly which are likely to be components of the sex pheromone. It will explore the chemical structures of these compounds and synthesise if they can be identified. Candidate pheromone components will be formulated in slow-release devices. The candidate pheromone components will be tested for attraction of male gooseberry sawfly and, if successful, traps will be calibrated for use. Progress In 2014 sawfly larvae were sent to EMR by gooseberry growers. These larvae were reared until adults emerged. Volatile compounds released by the insects were collected from male and female unmated individuals. Two species were analysed, the common gooseberry sawfly (Nematus ribesii), and the small gooseberry sawfly (Pristophora pallipes). Interestingly, the latter species only produces females and reproduces parthenogenetically.

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Volatile collections are now being analysed at NRI for differences between the male and female chemical signatures. This will aid the potential identification of the female sex pheromone. Researchers at EMR would welcome any gooseberry sawfly larvae for 2015. Please contact Michelle Fountain ([email protected]) for more information.

SF 148 – Understanding the scale and importance of raspberry leaf blotch virus and its association with raspberry leaf and bud mite Term: March 2014 to July 2017 Project leaders: Stuart MacFarlane, JHI and Harriet Roberts, ADAS Industry representative: Seth Walpole, RW Walpole Location: James Hutton Institute and commercial plantations Background Crop damage previously associated with raspberry leaf and bud mite (RLBM), and now known to involve infection with a virus, Raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV), is an increasing problem around the UK. It affects particularly Glen Ample but increasingly other varieties. There is also a suggestion (preliminary results: J. Allen/S. MacFarlane) that the recent decline in certain varieties such as Tulameen and Octavia (poor lateral development, die back, blotchy leaves and malformed fruit) could be associated with this pest and/or virus. Stuart MacFarlane, virologist at the James Hutton Institute has proven the association between the mite and RLBV, however, increasingly, crop damage symptoms are being observed in the absence of the mite. This project will carry out a UK-wide survey of plantations and do experiments to try and elucidate the links between the mites, the virus, plantation age, variety, yield loss and plant source in order to inform strategies for control. Progress An initial survey was made of nearly 100 plants collected from more than thirty growers spread across all regions of the UK. Some plants were selected because they showed possible symptoms of RLBV infection (yellow blotching on leaves) whereas other plants were selected without showing any symptoms of virus infection. Information was also recorded for apparent presence of raspberry leaf and bud mites, raspberry variety and plantation agronomy (pest and disease treatments, growing media, planting material, age of plants etc.). The samples were then analysed for the presence of RLBV using a molecular diagnostic test. Results so far show that; about one third (29/95) of sampled plants were infected with RLBV. Most of these infected plants (27/29) showed yellowing symptoms, however, a third (14/41) of all the plants with yellowing did not test positive for RLBV (other viruses and environmental/agronomic conditions can also cause yellowing).

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mailto:[email protected]

The presence of mites (observed in the laboratory using a microscope rather than in the field by plant samplers) was highly associated with the presence of the virus. 23/28 plants with mites also had the virus but the virus was detected in 6 plants where no mites were observed. These results point to the probable tight association of the virus with the mite and also probably reflect the difficulty in successfully observing these microscopic animals. RLBV was detected in eight different commercially grown raspberry varieties but was not detected in another 15 varieties. However, the highest incidences of infection occurred in the varieties that were sampled most frequently. So, at present, we cannot say that any particular varieties are resistant to the mite and virus. The data from this first survey will be analysed in greater detail and we plan to do more directed surveys as the project progresses. In Year 2 we particularly plan to follow mite and virus infestation/infection following a time-course from the dormant season through to harvesting. In this way we hope to gain more detailed understanding of the nature of the association between the mite and the virus.

SF 149 – Exploring whether redberry disease of blackberry is caused by a mite-transmitted virus Term: April 2014 to March 2017 Project leaders: Stuart MacFarlane, JHI and Janet Allen, ADAS Industry representative: Salih Hodzhov, WB Chambers & Son Location: James Hutton Institute

Background Trials to date looking at acaricides for the control of the blackberry mite thought to be responsible for this condition have shown little control of red berry despite good mite control. This suggests either something other than the mite is causing the condition or that the mite is transmitting something which is systemic in the plant and causing significant damage with relatively low mite levels. This project will carry out in-depth sequencing of plant tissues affected by red berry to try to identify whether a virus is responsible for this condition and whether the blackberry mite is transmitting it. Finding out if the condition is indeed virus-borne will inform control and could lead on to screening different blackberry genotypes to look for tolerance or resistance to the virus. Progress Leaves from plants previously found to be affected by red berry ‘disease’ were collected during the summer and sent to JHI, Dundee. Also, some berries showing red berry discolouration were also collected for analysis. These samples have been processed to extract potential virus genetic material – it should be noted that preparing this material from blackberry requires special attention, particularly when extracting the fruit. The samples have been forwarded to a commercial sequencing facility that will do further manipulations before generating the large-scale (in the order of millions) sequence information. Once

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these data have been released to us we will begin the task of using computer searches to look for potential virus signature sequences. This task will be completed towards the middle of 2015.

SF 150 – Review of the identification and control of progressive die-back symptoms in blueberry Term: April 2014 to March 2015 Project leader: Graham Moore, FAST Industry representative: Laurie Adams, Hall Hunter Partnership Location: Fera, East Malling Research and FAST, Brogdale Background

In April 2012, Project SF132 was set up to investigate the problem of dieback in blueberry. Due to the diversity of symptoms and unexpected complexity of the problem, the cause(s) will not be established with confidence by the end of the project (March 2014). Until the cause is clearly identified it is not possible to further our understanding of how and when the pathogen gains entry, how it is spread and the interaction with cultural and environmental factors. Without this knowledge it is not possible to evaluate fungicide control or provide firm advice on disease management. Dieback of blueberries is becoming an increasingly reported problem, world-wide, occurring wherever blueberries are grown. The cause of the problem appears to differ from country to country but considerable research has been conducted in some countries, especially the USA, to identify cause of problem and to develop methods of control. This project is therefore an extension to SF 132, set up to conduct a comprehensive review of the research undertaken in other countries and to discuss and exchange experiences and un-published observations with other researchers. This will allow the researchers to compare the results obtained so far in SF132 and to formulate proposals for further research work to identify the cause of the problem and develop methods to control and manage the disease. Progress

At the time of printing, the information gathered was being collated and was not in a form suitable for inclusion in this publication. The results will be presented in the final report, which should be delivered to HDC by April of 2015. The report will be posted on the HDC website.

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SF 151 – Investigating rates and application timing of carfentrazone-ethyl (Shark) as a dormant season herbicide on strawberry Term: February 2014 to November 2015 Project leaders: Harriet Roberts and Janet Allen, ADAS Industry representative: Richard Stanley, Stanley & Pickford Location: Commercial plantations Background Control of weeds growing in the planting holes of strawberry crops presents a significant challenge to growers, with hand weeding often being the only real option. Applying Shark over strawberry plants during winter has shown little if any lasting damage to strawberry plants in preliminary trials. This presents an opportunity to investigate further rates and timing of application to optimise the use of this product against problem weeds such as willowherb, cleavers, mallow, small nettle and polygonums and to support an application for extension of use in winter and post-harvest. As Shark works as a desiccant there is also some potential to look at associated effects on various pests and diseases when used as a post-harvest end of season clean-up.. The project aims to increase confidence in timing and rates of use of carfentrazone-ethyl (Shark) in order to support an extension of use application as a dormant season and post-harvest spray over the top of strawberry crops. Progress Two rates (0.33 and 0.8 L/ha) of carfentrazone-ethyl (Shark) were applied to strawberries (cv. Elegance) in February 2014, to assess crop safety of this herbicide as an over the crop dormant season application, for the post emergence control of weeds in the planting holes. Some initial phytotoxicity was observed in the first month after treatment to overwintered green leaves but no damage was seen on new growth. The crop was assessed through harvest. No effects on plant vigour or marketable yield were seen and no residues were detected on fruit. Control of willowherb and mallow was observed where good contact was achieved. For the second part of the trial, post-harvest applications were made in September 2014, to strawberries (cv. Elsanta) planted as cold stored runners in coir bags in April 2014. Less phytotoxicity than expected was observed in the month following application on strawberry plants, with just some minor scorching seen. This trial will be further assessed for crop safety, effects on pests and diseases and marketable yield in 2015. Alongside this, two additional large plots (20 m2) have been set up on two different commercial sites. These were treated post-harvest in 2014 and will receive a further treatment of both rates of Shark in February 2015. Fruit samples will be collected from these plots and analysed for carfentrazone-ethyl residues according to Good laboratory Practice (GLP) protocols required to support EAMU applications.

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Results will be reported in the final report for SF 151 (due on 31 September 2015) and residue data will be submitted to HDC to support an EAMU application. SF 152 – Improving the consistency of fruit quality in substrate-grown June-bearer strawberry varieties Term: April 2014 to March 2017 Project leaders: Mark Else and Eleftheria Stavridou, EMR Industry representative: Laurie Adams, Hall Hunter Partnership Location: East Malling Research Background Intensive substrate strawberry production requires careful management to ensure quality is predictable, consistent and controllable. Nevertheless, the consistency of supply of high quality berries varies between growers and between successive harvests and 32,000 tonnes of fruit picked each year is unmarketable, due to soft fruit, skin crazing and poor shelf-life. More precise management of water and fertiliser inputs could be expected to improve the consistency of fruit quality and reduce fruit waste by at least 30%. Irrigation scheduling to substrate crops is often driven by the perceived need to maintain substrate EC within an ‘acceptable’ range but there is a need to identify substrate ‘ballast’ ion concentrations that limit nutrient uptake, fruit yields and quality in newer varieties such as ‘Sonata’ and Vibrant’, before precise fertigation regimes that match demand with supply and optimise consistency of fruit quality can be developed. The approach developed for these model varieties can be used to develop guidelines for the precision production of other varieties, including proprietary ones. This project will also address the impact of poor quality irrigation water (high background EC) on fruit yields and quality and identify the potential to manipulate ammonium-N (N-NH4) and nitrate-N (N-NO3) ratios to improve tolerance to high substrate ECs in areas with poor irrigation water quality. Progress

Three irrigation regimes were imposed on 60-day ‘Vibrant’ and ‘Sonata’ plants grown on coir pots at the GroDome. The regimes were: 1) A commercial treatment representing industry-standard fertigation regimes in which irrigation applied to achieve 10-25% run-off, depending on developmental stage; 2) A precision ‘closed loop’ fertigation technique where the run-off was eliminated; and 3) A deficit irrigation treatment was applied to identify the coir volumetric moisture content which water availability becomes limiting in each cultivar. The average volumetric coir water content that triggered plant’s physiological responses was identified for each cultivar; this data will provide guidelines for precision growing of ‘Sonata’ and ‘Vibrant’ that improve marketable yields and reduce waste. There were no significant effects of irrigation treatment on total and Class I fruit yield or quality. On Year 2, critical substrate EC values will be identified for each cultivar.

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SF 153 – Selection of strains of predatory mites that can survive applications of insecticides required for SWD control Term: April 2014 to March 2017 Project leaders: David Buss, EMR Industry representative: Marion Regan, Hugh Lowe Farms Ltd Location: East Malling Research Background Predatory mites are widely used in soft fruit production to control a range of damaging pests, such as spider mites and thrips. For success the range of pesticides used in the crop needs to be carefully chosen to allow survival of sufficient predators. However, some of the most successful pesticides recommended for use against SWD include the synthetic pyrethroids and spinosad. Predatory mites are not resistant to these compounds, so their use to control SWD is likely to disrupt biocontrol of other pests. If predatory mites could be selected for resistance to these insecticides their use could be integrated into the programme for control of SWD. This project aims therefore to identify suitable predatory mite species, with respect to their prey range, and to develop resistant populations suitable for bio control. Progress The mite identified as a target for this approach was Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) andersoni, a predatory mite recommended for spider mite control, which has the additional advantage of being registered as ‘native’ for UK regulations. Two insecticides have been trialled against a commercially available population, lambda-cyhalothrin (Hallmark) and spinosad (Tracer). The mites were found to be extremely susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin, with 76% mortality at a rate equivalent to 0.01x recommended field rate. However, bioassays with spinosad suggested that this was a more suitable option for selection in the first instance. A total of 202 mites have been exposed to a level of spinosad equivalent to standard field rate, with a mean adult mortality of 27% and immature mortality of 70%. These mites are being cultures for further selection.

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New Projects Starting in 2015 For many years, HDC has been commissioning a number of new projects on soft fruit crops on an annual basis, developed in response to the research priorities drawn up by elected members of the HDC Soft Fruit panel who decide how funds should be spent. The panel members regularly consult with other growers and industry members when reviewing and revising the research strategy each year. This system has served growers well over the years and has led to some excellent projects which have developed and delivered solutions to a number of problems facing growers. Good examples in recent years include the output from Defra Horticulture LINK projects to develop novel control techniques for pests and diseases in raspberry and strawberry crops to reduce reliance on traditional crop protection products. Other recent projects have improved our knowledge of management and control of tarsonemid mite on strawberry, raspberry cane midge, blackberry leaf curling midge, blueberry gall midge, western flower thrips on strawberry and spotted wing drosophila. Traditionally, new projects have been commissioned annually, but this comes at a cost. It requires scientists to spend significant time in developing research proposals rather than doing the research and then panel members to spend hours carefully reading competing proposals and deciding on which projects to commission. To avoid such down time, HDC Research Manager Andrew Tinsley and Panel Chair Marion Regan have worked with panel members to develop three new crop protection research projects, each of five years duration, on pest control in strawberry, disease control in strawberry and pest and disease control in cane fruit. Each will include research targeted at a range of insect pests and diseases which have been classified as high priority. This offers research scientists longer term funding security and reduced time spent on project development. It also introduces more flexibility, allowing the focus of the research work to change during the course of the projects, according to the most pressing needs of the industry. Although other projects on topics outside of crop protection will continue to be funded in the usual way in future, these three large projects (SF 156, SF 157 and SF 158) will be the only new projects to be commissioned in 2015. Because they will encompass a range of pests and diseases, several industry representatives have been chosen as members of the Programme Management Groups, which will meet regularly during each year to be kept abreast of developments and to ensure that the research meets the needs of growers.

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The projects SF 156 Improving integrated pest management in strawberry Term: April 2015 to March 2020 Project leader: Michelle Fountain, EMR Project collaborators: Keele University, CABI, Natural Resources Institute, Harper Adams University, ADAS, Fera Industry representatives: Marion Regan (Hugh Lowe Farms), Laurie Adams (Hall Hunter Partnership), Roger Vogels (S&A Produce), Richard Harnden (Berry Gardens) Location: East Malling Research This project will address the main pest problems reported by the UK strawberry industry, except for spotted wing drosophila (SWD), which is covered in other projects. The major target will be western flower thrips (WFT) which is now resistant to insecticides so that control must rely on non-pesticide methods of control. More accurate monitoring methods for WFT for use by growers will be developed and biological approaches to control of WFT with predatory mites and entomopathogenic fungi will be optimised. Programmes to minimise the effect of insecticides used against other pests such as SWD on these biocontrol agents will be developed and the possibility of using pesticide-resistant predatory mites will be investigated. Non-pesticidal methods based on trapping will be developed for sporadic pests such as capsid bugs and strawberry blossom weevil. Insecticide use against more persistent pests, such as potato aphids will be rationalised to be more compatible with IPM approaches. The programme builds on previous research by members of the consortium who are the leading UK scientists working on these approaches. On-going communications with the industry with timely and rapid dissemination of successful approaches will ensure the project has a high chance of transforming pest control on strawberry in the UK. The overall project aim is to increase the efficacy of existing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) measures and explore new and emerging controls for the most damaging strawberry pests whilst maintaining control of spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (SWD), thus enhancing the growth and profitability of the UK strawberry industry. Efficacy testing of pesticides for control of strawberry pests is not included as it will be covered in the new IMPRESS project.

The specific objectives are to:

1. Develop effective biological methods for managing western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (WFT), compatible with pesticide use against SWD. 1.1. Improve the reliability of biocontrol of WFT with predatory mites,

particularly Neoseiulus cucumeris. 1.2. Develop effective approaches to use of entomopathogenic fungi

(EPF) for control of WFT. 1.3. Investigate more effective predators for WFT.

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2. Refine pest control programmes on strawberry, integrating pesticides with

phytoseiid mites.

3. Develop IPM compatible controls for European tarnished plant bug, Lygus rugulipennis, common green capsid, Lygocoris pabulinus, and strawberry blossom weevil, Anthonomus rubi.

4. Improve insecticide control of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, so as to be more compatible with IPM programmes.

At the time of writing, the first project management group meeting was about to take place, at which the scientific workplans would be discussed and agreed for the first year. It is envisaged that in future the results of the research will be disseminated through the HDC News, this Review magazine, the HDC website, the HDC Fruit Agronomists’ Technical Day, the EMRA/HDC Tree Fruit Day and increasingly through targeted messages by broadcast E-Mail as and when new useful information comes available. SF 157 Improving integrated disease management in strawberry Term: April 2015 to March 2020 Project leader: Xiangming Xu, EMR Project collaborators: ADAS, University of Hertfordshire Industry representatives: Marion Regan (Hugh Lowe Farms), Sandy Booth (New Forest Fruits), Lindsay Hulme (E Oldroyd), Seth Walpole (RW Walpole) Location: East Malling Research, ADAS Boxworth and University of Hertfordshire This five-year research project involving multiple partners will develop and implement strategies to manage key strawberry diseases: Phytophthora (crown rot and red-core), powdery mildew, fruit rot complex and wilt. The central focus of this project is to optimise and integrate non-fungicide alternatives with conventional fungicides. Furthermore, methods of improving spray coverage in tunnel crops will be studied. For crown rot and red core caused by Phytophthora spp. (crown rot and red-core), the project will focus on quantifying the extent of hidden infection in initial planting materials and identifying treatments to reduce plant losses due to these hidden infections. Research on powdery mildew centres on the integration of nutrients and resistance inducers with reduced fungicide input. For fruit rot complex, the integration of biocontrol products with reduced fungicides will be investigated, along with post-harvest handling to reduce fruit rot and/or delay rot development. For wilt control, the emphasis is on the use of anaerobic soil disinfestation and addition of beneficial bacteria to improve soil health. Finally, the pathologists will collaborate with entomologists (in the corresponding pest project) to identify ways to improve spray coverage. The research results will help growers to achieve better disease control without over reliance on fungicides.

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The overall aim is to develop and to implement strategies to manage key strawberry diseases: Phytophthora (crown rot and red-core), powdery mildew, fruit rot complex, and wilt. The central aim of this project is to optimise and integrate non-fungicide alternatives with conventional fungicides.


1. Quantify the extent of asymptomatic Phytophthora infections in relation to nursery sources and cultivars.

2. Quantify the effect of various alternatives (including biocontrol products,

salts, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria [PGPR], nutrients and plant resistance elicitors) on various pathogens infecting above or below ground.

3. Integrate alternative products (as determined from objective 2) with

reduced fungicide input in commercial strawberry production.

4. Develop better spraying techniques based on crop canopy structure and growth stage in order to improve spray coverage and gain better disease control.

5. Proposed research is divided into five workpackages (WPs), each dealing with one specific disease problem, not necessarily specific to one objective.

SF 158 The advancement and optimisation of integrated pest and disease management in cane fruit production systems Term: April 2015 to March 2020 Project leader: Harriet Roberts, ADAS Project collaborators: EMR, Fera, University of Worcester Industry representatives: Marion Regan (Hugh Lowe Farms), Salih Hodzhov (WB Chambers & Son), Ross Mitchell (Castleton Fruit), Richard Stanley (Stanley & Pickford) Location: ADAS Boxworth, East Malling Research and commercial sites This ADAS led five-year programme will advance and optimise integrated management of key pests and diseases in cane fruit. The work will integrate innovative laboratory research into practical on-farm techniques to increase the resilience of the UK cane fruit industry to pest and pathogen attack. The project consortium represents leading UK research scientists and cane fruit specialists with expertise in the development, testing and implementation of on-farm IPM strategies. The overall aim of the project is to advance and optimise on-farm integrated management of key pests and diseases of cane fruit.

20


1. Investigate the infection process of Phytophthora rubi to inform the use of alternative or supplementary means to the use of chemical plant protection products for reducing the level of root rot in raspberries.

2. Develop and maintain IPM approaches to successfully control two spotted

spider mite whilst controlling spotted winged drosophila (SWD) and capsids with insecticides.

3. Develop and combine novel and current IPM approaches to successfully

control blackberry leaf midge;

4. Establish cane management approaches on a model crop to optimise IPM strategies and spray penetration into canopies;

5. Disseminate research results to growers and translate research outputs

into practical ‘ready to use’ techniques for immediate uptake on farms.

21

Other HDC Projects of Interest to the Soft Fruit Sector The following table lists those projects that have been funded from budgets outside of soft fruit. It includes projects past and present which will be of interest or are relevant to soft fruit growers and agronomists. The reports of all those that are complete can be found on the HDC website at www.hdc.org.uk.

Funding sector

Project number

Project title Project status

Cross panel

CP 1 A review of peat reserves and peat usage in horticulture and alternative materials

Final report - 1990

CP 4 A review of chemical disinfectants, soil treatment with formalin and water treatments for controlling plant pathogens

Final report - 1992

CP 6 Integrated use of soil disinfection and microbial/organic amendments for the control of soil borne diseases and weeds in sustainable crop productions

Final report - 2003

CP 10 Activity patterns in the western flower thrips and their manipulation to enhance control measures

Final report - 2004

CP 14 Raspberry: novel approach for integrated crop management in fresh and processed crops

Final report - 2004

CP 19b The effect of spectral modified filters on invertebrate pest populations

Final report - 2006

CP 32 Value chain analysis project Final report - 2008

CP 35 The development of methods to alleviate thermodormancy in everbearing strawberry and secure season extension in the UK

Final report - 2007

CP 38 An investigation of the sex pheromone ecology of some important midge pests of UK fruit crops

Final report - 2009

CP 41 A review of peat alternatives for commercial plant production in the UK

Final report - 2006

CP 42 Research studentship in the dunnhumby Academy

Annual report - 2007

CP 43 Biosensor array for improved soft Final report - 2010

23

http://www.hdc.org.uk/

fruit quality control

CP 48 Use of potassium hydrogen carbonate for powdery mildew control

Final report - 2005

CP 49 New opportunities for UK horticultural producers

Final report - 2007

CP 52 Provision of study of responsibility and cost sharing mechanisms in the quarantine plant health sector

Final report - 2007

CP 53 The use of sterile insect technique to increase the success of IPM in horticultural crops

Final report - 2010

CP 54 Rhizobacteria to reduce water use and enhance crop quality

Final report - 2010

CP 56 What are the implications of ‘Carbon footprinting’ for UK horticulture?

Final report - 2007

CP 57 Packhouse cooling & crop storage: a commercial demonstration & economic evaluation of ground sink refrigeration

Final report - 2009

CP 58 The development of a pre-selection system for seasonal horticultural labour

Final report - 2009

CP 59 The development of a champion supervisor model and training programme to improve the selection and training of key staff

Final report - 2008

CP 60 Combined thermal and visual image analysis for crop scanning and crop disease monitoring

Final report - 2010

CP 61 Cross-crop benefits: developing crop combinations to promote conservation biological control in horticulture

Final report - 2013

CP 64 HDC: Development of a water strategy for horticulture

Final report - 2009

CP 71 A summary report of useful information on soil disinfestation for UK growers

Final report - 2009

CP 75 A summary report of useful information on irrigation gathered for UK growers

Final report - 2010

CP 81 Detection and amelioration or rootzone ethylene production in protected crops

Awaiting first report

CP 82 Discovery and development of new phylloplane biocontrol agents to control insect pests

Annual report 2013

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CP 84

A summary report of useful information for fruit growers on biodiversity

Final report - 2010

CP 86 Weed control in ornamentals, fruit and vegetable crops

Interim report - 2012

CP 87 Working with the industry to develop the next generation of technical staff for the UK horticulture industry through a Summer Research Programme


CP 89 Maintaining the expertise for developing and communicating practical Integrated Pest Management (IPM) solutions for Horticulture


CP 90 Succession planning to sustain the UK’s expertise in field and laboratory plant pathology research and development


CP 92 The role of naturally occurring insect pathogenic fungi in regulating aphid populations on vegetable brassica crops (HDC STUDENTSHIP)


CP 95 Sustainable resource use in horticulture: a systems approach to delivering high quality plants grown in sustainable substrates, with efficient water use, and novel nutrient sources


CP 96 Combined Horticultural Production and Energy Hubs

Final report 2012

CP 97 Embedding Masters-level students within the horticultural industry


CP 99b Evaluate the UK Horticultural Industry requirement for on-site diagnostic tests for crop pathogens and their use within Disease Management Systems.

Final report - 2014

CP 100 Tracking Peat usage in Growing Media Production


CP 102 Integrated Pest Management Scholarships


CP 105 Integrated protection of horticultural crops through enhancing endogenous defence mechanisms (HDC STUDENTSHIP)


25

CP 106 Precolonisation of strawberry runners and tray plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to manage Verticillium wilt (HDC STUDENTSHIP)


CP 111 Study to review Vine Weevil R&D Final report - 2014

CP 119 Sensor-based pre-symptomatic detection of pests and pathogens for precision scheduling of crop protection products (Studentship)


CP 120 Understanding the impact of phylloplane biocontrol agents on insects (Studentship)


CP 121 Towards precision inputs through improved understanding of the underlying causes of in-field variation in crop maturity and yield (Studentship)


CP 125 Understanding crop and pest responses to LED lighting to maximise horticultural crop quality and reduce the use of PGRs


CP 126 Oomycetes Desk Review Awaiting first report

CP 129 Biofumigation for pest control Awaiting first report

CP 131 PhD Scholarship in sources of innovation in the fresh produce industry


CP 138 Transition to responsibly sourced growing media use within UK Horticulture


CP 139 Commercial review of lighting systems of UK Horticulture


CP 144 Developing integrated approaches for pest and disease control in field crops


Protected crops

PC 169 Optimisation of the glasshouse environment in summer using the selective infra-red filter material, Luminance THB, as an internal shade screen

Final report - 2000

PC 170 Protected crops: the potential of spectral filters for pest control

Final report - 2000

PC 197 A demonstration of the use of advanced greenhouse environmental controls for ornamental crop production in the UK

Final report - 2004

PC 198 An investigation into the performance of modern designs

Final report - 2006

26

of thermal screens when used in protected edible crop production

PC 198a The use of thermal screens for energy saving and greenhouse climate management in protected edible production – performance optimisation

Final report - 2006

PC 216 Derivation of an energy efficiency analysis method for protected horticulture

Final report - 2005

PC 226 Scoping study on air movement and CO2 use efficiency in protected crops

Final report - 2005

PC 248 Investigation in to the decline curve of a range of pesticides under glass

Final report - 2006

PC 256 An initial investigation into the potential for using sealed greenhouse technologies in the UK

Final report - 2007

PC 261 Protected bedding and pot plants: evaluation of western flower thrips control by Atheta coriaria using an on-nursery rearing system

Final report - 2006

PC 264 Electronic noses as a tool for providing real-time information on crop pests and diseases in protected cropping

Final report - 2007

PC 265 An investigation into the technical and financial viability of biomass heating systems for greenhouse horticulture in the UK

Final report - 2006

PC 278 The development & commercial demonstration of ducted air systems for glasshouse environmental control

Final report - 2011

PC 287 An investigation into the effects of fluegas quality on the performance of greenhouse crops

Final report - 2009

PC 296 Examining the lighting requirements for daylength control so as to assess the suitability of energy saving bulbs

Final report - 2012

PC/HNS 255a

Biobeds/biofilters for the safe treatment of pesticide waste and washings

Final report - 2008

Protected PE 003 CO2 enrichment in the future: a Final report - 2011

27

edibles technical and economical analysis of alternative CO2 sources

PE 005 Protected edible crops: biological control of plant diseases using insect pathogenic fungi with dual activity against plant pathogens

Final report - 2013

PE 023 Hormetic UVC treatments for control of plant diseases on protected edible crops


PE/PO 011

Grow Save; an Energy & Resource Efficiency Knowledge Transfer Programme for the PC Sector

Final report 2014

PE/PO 013a

Refrigeration-based dehumidification: energy performance and cropping effect on commercial nurseries


Hardy nursery stock

HNS 68 Container-grown shrubs: under-performance of plants related to rooting behaviour

Final report - 1999

HNS 119 Reducing levels of Verticillium wilt and nematodes in soils using green manure crops

Final report - 2004

HNS 125 Hardy ornamentals: the potential of compost teas for improving crop health and growth

Final report - 2004

HNS 133 Development of the entomogenous fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, for control of vine weevil and thrips in horticultural growing media

Final report - 2008

HNS 137 Evaluation of chemical and biological pre-plant soil treatments for control of Verticillium wilt in field grown trees

Final report - 2010

HNS 139 Control of problem weeds in hardy nursery stock production

Final report - 2009

HNS 143 Development of a banker plant system to improve the biological control of two-spotted spider mite in hardy nursery stock

Final report - 2007

HNS 147 Ornamentals: control of pests, pathogens and weed seeds on re-used plant containers

Final report - 2007

HNS 157 Optimising defoliation in young trees

Final report - 2010

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HNS 158 Survey of nutrient run from container beds of Hardy Nursery Stock Nurseries in England

Final report - 2009

HNS 185 Understanding and managing crop protection through Integrated Crop Management

Final report - 2012

HNS/PO 188

Baiting and diagnostic techniques for monitoring Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp. in irrigation water on ornamental nurseries


Field vegetables

FV 225 Integrated control of slugs in horticulture

Final report - 2003

FV 225a Integrated control of slugs in horticulture

Final report - 2003

FV 266 Mechanical weeding for sustainable and organic salad production

Final report - 2007

FV 272 Soil disinfestations using electromagnetic radiation in microwave range

Final report - 2005

FV 273 Field grown horticultural crops. A costed study in the use of selected green (contd.) manures/biofumigants to control selected horticultural crop pests and diseases and their influence on soil nutritional status and the weed population

Final report - 2006

FV 299 An investigation into the adoption of green manures in both organic and conventional rotations to aid nitrogen management and maintain soil structure

Final report - 2008

FV 299a Extension of FV 299 – Investigation into the adoption of green manures in both organic and conventional rotations to aid nitrogen management and soil structure

Final report - 2009

FV 315 The effects of biostimulants and plant health promoters in leafy salad crops under disease pressure

Final report - 2008

FV 334 Perennial field margins with combined agronomical and ecological benefits for vegetable rotation schemes

Final report - 2014

FV 338a Review and evaluation of two phosphate stripping materials for

Final report - 2010

29

reducing phosphorus concentrations in watercress discharge outflows

FV 344 Sustaining the effectiveness of new insecticides against aphid pests in the UK

Final report 2012

FV 344a Combating resistance to aphicides in UK aphid pests

Annual report 2012

FV 345b Establishing best practice for determining soil nitrogen supply (HGCA 3245) – Reporting and Technology Transfer (Post Warwick HRI)

Final report - 2012

FV 346 Desk study for electrical weed control in field vegetables

Final report - 2009

FV 375 Novel strategies for pest control in field vegetable crops

Final report - 2011

FV 385 The influence of vegetable production on farmland bird populations

Final report - 2011

FV 386 PhD studentship: use of gaseous ozone to prevent microbial post-harvest spoilage and reduce pesticide residue levels

Annual report 2013

FV 389 Combining biopesticides and other treatments to increase pest control

Final report - 2013

Tree fruit TF 124 Environmental audit system for fruit

Final report - 2001

TF 127 Rapid analytical systems for raw produce quality and safety attributes

Final report - 2005

TF 187 Comparative study of refrigerated storage in UK horticulture

Final report - 2008

TF 196 Investigation of the effects of commonly used insecticides on earwigs, important predators in apple and pear

Final report - 2014

TF 218 Increasing hoverfly populations in apple orchards for control of apple aphids


TF 220 Further development of earwig-safe spray programmes for apple and pear orchards


TF 223 IPM of tree fruit pests and diseases


30

EAMUs Secured for the Soft Fruit industry in the Last Year

Strawberries

Product Active ingredient

EAMU No.

Crops Target pest/disease

Goldbeet metamitron 0856/14 Outdoor and protected strawberry

General weed control

Steward indoxacarb 1031/14 Outdoor strawberry

Capsids and moths

Apollo 50 SC clofentezine 1270/14 Outdoor strawberry

Spider mites

Apollo 50 SC clofentezine 1271/14 Protected strawberry

Spider mites

Explicit indoxacarb 1468/14 Outdoor strawberry

Capsids and moths

Skater metamitron 1485/14 Outdoor strawberry


Custo-Fume chloropicrin 1852/14 Outdoor and protected strawberry

Soil borne diseases

K&S Chlorofume

chloropicrin 1853/14 Outdoor and protected strawberry

Soil borne diseases

Calypso thiacloprid 2132/14 Outdoor and protected strawberry

Tarnished plant bug and capsids

Goltix Flowable metamitron 2193/14 Outdoor and protected strawberry


Topas penconazole 2592/14 Outdoor and protected strawberry

Powdery mildew

Agrovista Penco

penconazole 2730/14 Outdoor and protected strawberry

Powdery mildew

Mycotal Verticillium lecanii

2751/14 Protected strawberry

Spider mites, thrips and whitefly

Sequel fenpyroximate 2835/14 Outdoor and protected strawberry

Tarsonemid mite

Goltix 70 SC metamitron 2919/14 Outdoor and protected strawberry


Raspberries


EAMU No.


Nando 500 SC fluazinam 0574/14 Outdoor and protected raspberry

Raspberry root rot

Orius 20 EW tebuconazole 1244/14 Outdoor and Cane blight

31

protected raspberry

Deacon tebuconazole 1264/14 Outdoor and protected raspberry

Cane blight

Apollo 50 SC clofentezine 1265/14 Protected raspberry

Spider mites

Apollo 50 SC clofentezine 1270/14 Outdoor raspberry

Spider mites

Mitre tebuconazole 1348/14 Outdoor and protected raspberry

Cane blight

Shirlan fluazinam 1478/14 Outdoor and protected raspberry

Raspberry root rot

Sergeant Major lambda-cyhalothrin

1574/14 Outdoor raspberry

Capsids, clay coloured weevil

Volley fluazinam 1607/14 Outdoor and protected raspberry

Raspberry root rot

Custo-Fume chloropicrin 1852/14 Outdoor and protected raspberry

Soil borne diseases

K&S Chlorofume

chloropicrin 1853/14 Outdoor and protected raspberry

Soil borne diseases

Calypso thiacloprid 2138/14 Outdoor raspberry

Common green capsid, tarnished plant bug

Calypso thiacloprid 2139/14 Protected raspberry

Common green capsid, tarnished plant bug, raspberry beetle


2752/14 Protected raspberry


Folicur tebuconazole 0074/15 Outdoor and protected raspberry

Cane blight

Blackberries


EAMU No.


Nando 500 SC fluazinam 0574/14 Outdoor and protected blackberry

Raspberry root rot

Decis deltamethrin 0905/14 Outdoor blackberry

Bramble shoot moth, raspberry beetle, caterpillars

Decis Forte deltamethrin 0917/14 Outdoor blackberry


Bandu deltamethrin 1106/14 Outdoor blackberry


Orius 20 EW tebuconazole 1244/14 Outdoor and protected blackberry

Cane blight

Deacon tebuconazole 1264/14 Outdoor and protected

Cane blight

32

blackberry

Apollo 50 SC clofentezine 1265/14 Protected blackberry

Spider mites

Apollo 50 SC clofentezine 1270/14 Outdoor blackberry

Spider mites

Mitre tebuconazole 1348/14 Outdoor and protected blackberry

Cane blight

Shirlan fluazinam 1478/14 Outdoor and protected blackberry

Raspberry root rot

Pyrinex 48 EC chlorpyrifos 1522/14 Outdoor blackberry

General insect control


1574/14 Outdoor blackberry

Capsids, clay coloured weevil

Volley fluazinam 1607/14 Outdoor and protected blackberry

Raspberry root rot

Custo-Fume chloropicrin 1852/14 Outdoor and protected blackberry

Soil borne diseases

K&S Chlorofume

chloropicrin 1853/14 Outdoor and protected blackberry

Soil borne diseases

Calypso thiacloprid 2138/14 Outdoor blackberry

Common green capsid, tarnished plant bug

Calypso thiacloprid 2139/14 Protected blackberry

Common green capsid, tarnished plant bug, raspberry beetle

Lepinox Plus Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki

2706/14 Outdoor and protected blackberry

Caterpillars, cutworms


2752/14 Protected blackberry


Folicur tebuconazole 0074/15 Outdoor and protected blackberry

Cane blight

Hybrid berries


EAMU No.


Cuprokylt FL copper oxychloride

0587/14 Outdoor hybrid berry

Unspecified fungicide

Flexidor 125 isoxaben 0030/15 Outdoor hybrid berry

Unspecified herbicide

Loganberries


EAMU No.


Tracer spinosad 2018/14 Outdoor loganberry

Spotted wing drosophila


2706/14 Outdoor and protected loganberry



2752/14 Protected loganberry


33

Blackcurrants


EAMU No.


Folio Gold chlorothalonil/ metalaxyl-m

0303/14 Outdoor blackcurrant

Botrytis, leaf spot

Apollo 50 SC clofentezine 1270/14 Outdoor blackcurrant

Spider mites

Roundup Powermax

glyphosate 1316/14 Outdoor blackcurrant

Annual and perennial weeds


1535/14 Outdoor blackcurrant

Leaf curling midge, sawfly

Calypso thiaclorprid 2133/14 Outdoor blackcurrant

Woolly currant scale

Shark carfentrazone-ethyl

2590/14 Outdoor and protected blackcurrant

Thistles, polygonums, broad leaved weeds


2685/14 Protected blackcurrant

Spider mites, thrips, whitefly


2706/14 Outdoor and protected blackcurrant


Redcurrants


EAMU No.



0588/14 Outdoor redcurrant


Nimrod bupirimate 1223/14 Outdoor redcurrant

General disease control

Apollo 50 SC clofentezine 1270/14 Outdoor redcurrant

Spider mites

Roundup Powermax

glyphosate 1316/14 Outdoor redcurrant



1535/14 Outdoor redcurrant


Calypso thiaclorprid 2133/14 Outdoor redcurrant


Topas penconazole 2528/14 Outdoor redcurrant



2590/14 Outdoor and protected redcurrant



2685/14 Protected redcurrant



2706/14 Outdoor and protected redcurrant


Flexidor 125 Isoxaben 0029/15 Outdoor redcurrant


34

Whitecurrants


EAMU No.



0588/14 Outdoor whitecurrant


Nimrod bupirimate 1223/14 Outdoor whitecurrant

General disease control

Apollo 50 SC clofentezine 1270/14 Outdoor whitecurrant

Spider mites

Roundup Powermax

glyphosate 1316/14 Outdoor whitecurrant



1535/14 Outdoor whitecurrant


Calypso thiaclorprid 2133/14 Outdoor whitecurrant


Topas penconazole 2528/14 Outdoor whitecurrant



2590/14 Outdoor and protected whitecurrant


Agrovista Penco

penconazole 2729/14 Outdoor whitecurrant


Flexidor 125 isoxaben 0029/15 Outdoor whitecurrant


Gooseberries


EAMU No.



0588/14 Outdoor gooseberry


Roundup Powermax

glyphosate 1316/14 Outdoor gooseberry



1535/14 Outdoor gooseberry


Calypso thiaclorprid 2133/14 Outdoor gooseberry


Topas penconazole 2528/14 Outdoor gooseberry



2590/14 Outdoor and protected gooseberry



2685/14 Protected gooseberry



2706/14 Outdoor and protected gooseberry


Agrovista Penco

penconazole 2729/14 Outdoor gooseberry


35

Blueberries


EAMU No.


Hallmark with Zeon Technology

lambda-cyhalothrin

0521/14 Outdoor blueberry

Spotted wing drosophila, thrips


0588/14 Outdoor blueberry


Roundup Powermax

glyphosate 1316/14 Outdoor blueberry


Calypso thiacloprid 2133/14 Outdoor blueberry


Calypso thiacloprid 2141/14 Protected blueberry

Blueberry gall midge, light brown apple moth

Topas penconazole 2528/14 Outdoor blueberry



2590/14 Outdoor and protected blueberry



2685/14 Protected blueberry



2706/14 Outdoor and protected blueberry


Agrovista Penco

penconazole 2729/14 Outdoor blueberry


Flexidor isoxaben 0029/15 Outdoor blueberry


Soft Fruit


EAMU No.


Bumper 250 EC propiconazole 1275/14 Outdoor and protected soft fruit


Roundup Powermax

glyphosate 1300/14 Outdoor soft fruit Annual and perennial weeds


1581/14 Outdoor soft fruit Unspecified insecticide

Calypso thiacloprid 2149/14 Outdoor soft fruit Unspecified insecticide

Valbon benthiavalicarb-isopropyl/ mancozeb

2328/14 Outdoor soft fruit Unspecified fungicide

36

Over recent years HDC has produced a wide range of factsheets and publications. You can order by putting a tick

next to the publication(s) you require and returning this form to [email protected] or you can return the form to

the address at the end of this document.

18/14 Getting the best from biopesticides

17/14 Onion variety trials 2013.2014

16/14 Nitrogen recommendations for optimizing yield and quality of baby leaf lettuce

15/14 New varieties and selections from the UK Raspberry Breeding Programme

14/14 Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) – Code of practice for growers

13/14 Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) – Code of practice for packhouses

10/14 Cabbage whitefly

09/14 Control of downy mildew diseases on hardy nursery stock and perennial herbaceous plants

08/14 Managing insect pests of soft fruit crops pending spotted wing drosophila appearance

07/14 Control of the important leaf and root diseases of pansy and viola

05/14 Continued management of impatiens downy mildew

04/14 Raspberry variety trials - summer fruiting selection at JHI in 2013

03/14 Use of chemical disinfectants in protected ornamental plant production

02/14 A robust IPM programme for Tuta absoluta

01/14 Irrigation in bulb onions

23/13 Management of farmland birds on vegetable farms

21/13 Onion Variety Trials 2012/2013

20/13 Fungal diseases on canes, foliage and fruit of cane fruit crops

19/13 Blackcurrant dieback

17/13 Raspberry variety trials – summer fruiting selections at JHI in 2012

16/13 Bacterial diseases of herbaceous perennials

15/13 Management of bacterial canker of cherries and plums during nursery production

14/13 Asparagus nutrient management

13/13 Reducing residues in strawberries through novel crop protection methods

12/13 Lupin anthracnose

11/13 Chemical weed control in narcissus crops

10/13 Hot-water treatment of daffodil bulbs

09/13 Tomato leaf mould

08/13 Nitrogen recommendations for optimising yield and minimising nitrate levels in baby leaf salad crops

07/13 Cucurbit fruit rots

06/13 Carrot cavity spot – An HDC research update

05/13 05/13 New varieties from The East Malling Strawberry Breeding Club

04/13 04/13 Ornamental plant production: The use of chemical plant growth regulators on protected crops

03/13 Bean seed fly

02/13 Asparagus viruses

01/13 Practical measures to prevent and manage insecticide, fungicide and herbicide resistance for horticultural crops

39/12 Plum Variety Trials 2012

38/12 Parsnip Variety Trials 2012

All Sectors

Factsheets

38


37/12 Brassica Variety Trials 2012

36/12 Southern Green Shieldbug

35/12 Minor pests of Brassicas

34/12 Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) - Code of practice for growers

33/12 HDC Substrate grown mainseason strawberry variety trials 2012

32/12 Nitrogen requirements for leeks

31/12 Onion variety trials 2011/2012

30/12 Biology and control of spinach and chard leafminers

29/12 Coriander Bacterial Blight

28/12 Developing integrated management controls for pear sucker

27/12 An introduction to hyperparasitism

26/12 Bacterial diseases of protected ornamentals

25/12 Non-chemical weed control for container-grown hardy nursery stock

24/12 Management of Stemphylium purple spot on UK asparagus crops

23/12 White blister on vegetable Brassicas

22/12 Spear rot on calabrese

21/12 Sclerotinia on vegetable Brassicas

20/12 Ringspot on vegetable Brassicas

19/12 Rhizoctonia diseases on vegetable Brassicas

18/12 Powdery mildew on vegetable Brassicas

17/12 Phoma on vegetable Brassicas

16/12 Light leaf spot on vegetable Brassicas

15/12 Dark leaf spot on vegetable Brassicas

14/12 Downy mildew on vegetable Brassicas

13/12 Clubroot on vegetable Brassicas

12/12 Black rot on vegetable Brassicas

11/12 Preparing for spotted wing drosophila

10/12 Midge, mite & caterpillar pests of cane fruit crops

09/12 Soil Nitrogen Supply for Field vegetables

08/12 Raspberry variety trials 2011

07/12 HDC Substrate grown strawberry trails

06/12 Plum Variety Trials 2011

05/12 Broad bean variety trials 2010/2011

04/12 Silver Y moth in vining peas & green beans

03/12 Pea aphid control

02/12 Irrigation in vining peas

01/12 Pea bruchid – the potential impact on UK pea production

26/11 Brassica variety trials 2010/2011

25/11 Control of bruchid beetle on broad beans

24/11 Successful bed re-planting

23/11 Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) of tomato

22/11 Carrot storage

21/11 Virus diseases of carrots

20/11 Winter protection of soiless substrate grown strawberries

39

19/11 Control of Sclerotinia disease on carrots

18/11 Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)

17/11 HDC Mainseason strawberry variety trials 2011

15/11 The Zero residue management system for apples

14/11 Leek Rust

13/11 Pesticide residue reduction in commercial raspberry crops


11/11 IPM strategies for the control of aphids

10/11 Leafminers of cruciferous salad crops

09/11 Control of thrips in Allium and Brassica crops

08/11 Downy mildew of basil

07/11 Beetle and weevil pests of cane fruit crops

06/11 Raspberry variety trials – summer fruiting selections at SCRI in 2010

05/11 Cherry variety trials 2010 (TF 176)

04/11 Plum variety trials 2010 – East Malling Research selections (TF 176)

03/11 Plum variety trials 2010 – Named selections (TF 170)

02/11 Controlling exposure to dust and bioaerosols on farms growing common commercial mushrooms

01/11 Spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii)


29/10 Brassica variety trials 2009/2010

28/10 Plum variety trials 2009 (TF 176)

27/10 Cherry variety trials 2009 (TF 176)

26/10 Green manures – implications of economic and environmental benefits on rotational management

25/10 Green manures – species selection

24/10 Green manures – effects on soil nutrient management and soil physical and biological properties

23/10 Tomato spotted wilt virus in protected edible crops

22/10 Control of flea beetles and other key insect pests of leafy salad Brassica crops

21/10 Russet Mite

20/10 HDC Mainseason strawberry variety trials 2010 (SF 92a)

19/10 Verticillium wilt of raspberry and other cane fruits

18/10 Host plant range of vine weevil

17/10 Control of powdery mildew diseases on hardy nursery stock and herbaceous perennials

16/10 Coriander bacterial blight

15/10 Septoria blight of parsley

14/10 A robust IPM programme for organic tomatoes

13/10 Monitoring microbial food safety of fresh produce

12/10 Extending the season of strawberry production using a range of plant types and growing systems

11/10 Turnip sawfly: biology and control

10/10 Raspberry variety trials – summer fruiting selections at SCRI in 2009

06/10 Grower System for rearing the predatory beetle Atheta coriaria

04/10 Bacterial shot-hole of cherry laurel

03/10 Tomato Leafminers

02/10 Boosting Biocontrols Within IPM Programmes

01/10 Bacterial Wilt and Canker of Tomato (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp michiganensis)

18/09 HDC Main season Strawberry Variety trials 2008

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17/09 Seed-borne diseases of ornamentals: prevalence and control

15/09 Control of rose downy mildew

14/09 Thrips control on protected ornamental crops

13/09 Guidelines for minimising latent grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in cut flowers and pot plants

12/09 The biology and control of mites in pot and bedding plants

11/09 Impatiens downy mildew (Good Horticultural Practice Guide)

10/09 Energy management in protected cropping: Management of CO2 enrichment (PC 110a, 159, 188a, 265, 287 and Defra HH1318SPC, HH1333SPC, HH3611SPC)

09/09 Energy management in protected cropping: Horticultural lighting (PC 92, 92e, 128, 176, 270 and Defra HH3603SPC)

08/09 Energy management in protected cropping: The use of screens (PC 198, 198a, 227, 227a and Defra HH3611SPC)

07/09 Energy management in protected cropping: Humidity control (PC 121, 188, 207, 285 and Defra HH3611SPC)

06/09 Energy management in protected cropping: Manipulation of glasshouse temperature (PC 41, 41a, 49, 71c, 71d, 92, 92a, 155, 188a, 197, 206, 207, 227a and Defra HH1330SPC, HH3611SPC)

05/09 Energy management in protected cropping: Good Housekeeping (PC 198, 198a, 227, 278, and Defra AC0401, AC0407)

03/09 Biobeds for treatment of pesticide waste and washings

02/09 Slug control in field vegetables

01/09 Cane management and training of field grown blackberries and hybrid berries

23/08 Strawberry Variety trials

21/08 Onion storage from seed & sets 2007/2008 (FV 201)

20/08 Wet heat treatment to sterilise pots for re-use

19/08 Iris Yellow Spot Virus: A potential threat to the onion industry

18/08 New diseases on UK carrot crops

17/08 Control of strawberry powdery mildew under protection (SF 62 & SF 62a)

15/08 Pest, disease and weed management in ornamental aquatic plants

14/08 The use of root pruning in apples and pears

13/08 Mushrooms – Improving spawn-running performance (M 3e)

10/08 Identification and control of Cobweb disease on mushrooms

09/08 Identification and control of dry bubble disease of mushrooms (M 6a, M1 4b, M 14c, M 31, M 33, M 33a and CP 4)

08/08 Strawberry blossom weevil

06/08 A guide to best practice in handling bought-in plants

05/08 Management of large narcissus fly (BOF 53, 55 & Defra project HH1747TBU)

04/08 Energy saving in tomato production (PC 188, 188a, 198, 198a, 207, 227, 227a, 256, 265 and Defra AC0401, HH3611SPC)

02/08 Stemphylium leaf-spot and other foliar diseases of hebe (HNS 128)

01/08 A guide to simple and effective nursery trials

20/07 Disease control in cyclamen

18/07 Management of Stemphylium purple spot on UK asparagus crops

17/07 Control of volunteer potatoes in vegetable crops

15/07 Control of leaf miners on pot and bedding plants

12/07 Strawberry crown rot

11/07 Mushroom Virus X (MVX) prevention (M 39d)

10/07 Guidelines on nursery hygiene for outdoor and protected ornamental crops

09/07 Soil disinfestation options for cut flower growers (PC 213, PC 213a, PC 249 & BOF 45)

08/07 Integrated management of stock fusarium wilt (PC 213, PC 213a, PC 249)

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07/07 HDC Summer fruiting raspberry variety trial

06/07 Principles of strawberry nutrition in soil-less substrates

02/07 Phytophthora root rot of raspberry and other cane fruits

01/07 Sucking insect pests of cane fruit crops

16/06 The control of Verticillium wilt in strawberry

15/06 Water quality for irrigation of container ornamentals

14/06 Pesticide spray application for ornamental crops

13/06 Caterpillars of protected ornamental crops

12/06 Cane management and training of field grown mainseason raspberries

09/06 Potato spindle tuber viroid in tomato and new viroid reports (PC 212)

08/06 Spinach leaf spots and their management (FV 268)

07/06 Energy saving in poinsettia production (PC 41, 71c, 71d, 155, 190, 207)

04/06 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of cut tulips

03/06 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of cut lilies

02/06 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of summer cut flowers and cut foliage

01/06 Capillary irrigation of container grown nursery stock

29/05 Getting the best out of CO2 enrichment for cucumbers

28/05 Swede midge control in brassica crops

27/05 Winter protection of container grown nursery stock

26/05 Aphids and their control on strawberry (SF 61)

24/05 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of cut flowers

23/05 Disease control in protected lettuce

22/05 Interpretation of allium leaf nutrient analysis

21/05 Interpretation of brassica leaf nutrient analysis results

19/05 Methods and equipment for matching irrigation supply to demand in container-grown crops (HNS 97a)

16/05 Measuring and improving performance of overhead irrigation for container-grown crops (HNS 97a & HNS 122)

15/05 Use of chemical disinfectants in protected ornamental production

14/05 Control of whiteflies on protected ornamental crops

12/05 Dithiocarbamate contamination of salad produce and the use of rubber gloves

09/05 Low temperature storage of bedding plant plugs (PC 196 & PC 196a)

08/05 The biology and control of two-spotted spider mite in nursery stock

07/05 Securing your water supply for the future

06/05 Soil sterilisation options for soft fruit growers

05/05 Nutrition of container-grown hardy nursery stock (HNS 43a-f, 95, 96, 96a and 98)

03/05 Angular leaf spot and bacterial leaf blight

21/04 Control of bean seed fly in Allium crops (FV 239)

20/04 Strawberry red core

19/04 European tarnished plant bug on strawberries and other soft fruit

18/04 Control of grey mould in strawberry crops

17/04 Control of Pythium, Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia in pot and bedding plants

16/04 Control of Phytophthora, Pythium and Rhizoctonia in container-grown hardy ornamentals

15/04 Optimising mushroom quality

14/04 Hardy nursery stock - management of stock plants

13/04 Acidification of ‘Storite’ in HWT for narcissus basal rot control (BOF 43 & BOF 43a)

42

12/04 Control of foliar diseases of container-grown roses (HNS 106 & HNS 106a)

11/04 Internal disorders of stored white cabbage

09/04 Management of celery leaf spot (FV 237 and 237a)

08/04 Interpretation of carrot and parsnip leaf nutrient analysis results

07/04 Managing rabbit problems associated with horticulture

06/04 Management of Phytophthora rot on UK asparagus crops (FV 246)

05/04 Impatiens downy mildew

04/04 Control of downy mildew diseases on hardy nursery stock and herbaceous perennials

Snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus) as a cut flower crop grown in polythene tunnels

Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) as a cut flower crop grown in polythene tunnels

The National Cut Flower Centre and Cut Flower Growers’ Association information sheet

Summary of the Cut Flower Centre (CFC) trial examining the susceptibility of a wide range of different varieties of column stocks (Matthiola incana) to fusarium wilt

Field- and tunnel-grown cut-flowers with potential for UK exploitation: A review of trials programmes and research on ‘novel’ subjects

Summary of Cut Flower Centre (CFC) trial results for a new range of Solomio and Star spray carnations from

Hilverda Kooji (2012)

Summary of Cut Flower Centre (CFC) trial results for a new range of Breanthus annual dianthus from Hilverda Kooji (2012)

Annual dianthus (Dianthus barbatus hybrids) as a cut flower

Ornamentals Review 2014

Ornamentals Review 2013

Field Vegetable Review Magazine 2013

Field Vegetable Review Magazine 2014

Media Review magazine 2012

Protected Edibles Review Magazine 2013

Soft Fruit Review Magazine 2013/14

Soft Fruit Review Magazine 2012/13

Tree Fruit Review Magazine 2014

Tree Fruit Review Magazine 2013

Protected Edibles Crop Walkers’ Guide

Protected Edibles Crop Walkers’ Guide Part II

Pocket Weed identification guide - Out of stock until further notice

Asparagus Crop Walkers’ Guide

Outdoor Salads: Lettuce & Celery Crop Walkers’ Guide- Out of stock until further notice

Herbs Crop Walkers’ Guide – Out of stock until further notice

Information Sheets

Sector Review Magazines

Crop Walkers’ Guides

43

Carrot & Parsnip Crop Walkers’ Guide

Brassica Crop Walkers’ Guide- Out of stock until further notice

Pea & Bean Crop Walkers’ Guide

Alliums Crop Walkers’ Guide – Out of stock until further notice

Outdoor Cucurbits Crop Walkers’ Guide

Hardy Nursery Stock Crop Walkers’ Guide

Pot & Bedding Crop Walkers’ Guide

Strawberry Crop Walkers’ Guide

Cane Fruit Crop Walkers’ Guide

Bush Fruit Crop Walkers’ Guide

Pear Crop Walkers’ Guide

Stone Fruit Crop Walkers’ Guide

Apple Crop Walkers’ Guide

Air movement guide in glasshouses- Electronic Only

Spotted wing drosophila - code of practice for packhouses

Strawberry analysis chart – optimum ranges

Common pests and diseases of hardy nursery stock

Common pests and diseases of protected cut flowers

Common pests and diseases of bedding and pot plants

Common Pests & Diseases of Brassicas wall chart Brassica nutrient deficiencies wall chart

Cucurbit disorders

Allium disorders

Bean Disorders

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Pepper Poster

Pea disorders

Apple Orchard Monitoring Calendar

UK Storage Recommendations for Tree Fruit

Pear Orchard Monitoring Calendar

Apple Storage Rots and Disorders

Nutrient deficiencies of Brassicas

Protected Ornamentals Crop Monitoring Pad

Hardy Nursery Stock Crop Monitoring Pad

Guides

Crop Monitoring Pads

Wall Charts

44

Narcissus Manual

Ornamental plant quality – developing a whole business management system - a grower guide

Practical weed control for nursery stock

Hardy Nursery Stock Propagation guide

BOPP Best Practice Guide: Managing water and preventing pollution on ornamental nurseries

Herbaceous perennials: A guide to the production of container grown plants

HNS Cold Storage – A growers’ guide

Slow Sand Filtration – A growers’ guide

Lean manufacturing – Achieving efficient use of labour in protected edible crops- electronic only

Micro-Turbine CHP Units – Their application in protected horticulture- Electronic Only

Biocontrol in Soft Fruit Guide

Gooseberries a grower guide to production, variety choice & pest & disease problems

Soft Fruit Agronomist Handbook 2014

Water harvesting and recycling in soft fruit

Best practice for outdoor flower harvesting – a training DVD- out of stock

Creating champion employees – Out of Stock

Keeping it clean – assessing the risk of microbial contamination - Out of Stock

Health & safety in horticulture - an awareness DVD in ten languages (plus English)

‘Seize the opportunity’ A DVD-based programme aimed at increasing the awareness of the public procurement

sector as a customer for UK growers

Spray Check: A Tutorial DVD for Spray Operators.

Champion Soft Fruit Picker Training DVD

Safety on Soft Fruit Farms DVD

Champion Strawberry Picker DVD (English, Polish and Russian)

Champion Strawberry Picker DVD (Version 2 – English, Bulgarian and Romanian)

Fruit Thinning

Harvesting quality apples and pears part 1- A guide for supervisors and tractor drivers -only available to view on HDC website

Harvesting quality apples and pears part 2- A guide for pickers- only available to view on HDC website

Mastering rot risk assessments

Operators’ guide to top fruit store management- only available to view on HDC website

HDC Irrigation Calculator – A graphical tool to improve irrigation water distribution

(accompanies factsheet 16/05)

DVD’s

Computer Programmes

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http://www.hdc.org.uk/video/harvesting-quality-apples-and-pears-disc-1-guide-supervisors-and-tractor-drivers

http://www.hdc.org.uk/video/harvesting-quality-apples-and-pears-disc-1-guide-supervisors-and-tractor-drivers

http://www.hdc.org.uk/video/harvesting-quality-apples-and-pears-disc-2-guide-pickers

http://www.hdc.org.uk/video/operators-guide-top-fruit-store-management

Poinsettia Tracker Version 2.0 - A graphical tracking tool to assist in height management of poinsettia-

Please fill in the form and return it to: Louise Arculus/Victoria Routledge, HDC, AHDB, Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth,

Warwickshire CV8 2TL, or email to: [email protected].

Name…………………………………………………………………….Business Name…………………………………………………………………………..

Address……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Email………………………………………………………………………………………………HDC Levy payer/Associate No……………………………

CO2 Optimiser (includes guide) - programme for CO2 enrichment for greenhouse tomatoes (applicable to natural gas boilers or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units)- only available on our website

Your Order

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http://www.hdc.org.uk/interactive-tools

hdc soft fruit agronomist’s handbook 2015 agronomists day handout_0.pdf · hdc soft fruit...

Documents