he age of disruption
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Higher Education in an Age of Disruption
Professor Asha KanwarPresident & CEO, Commonwealth of Learning
Dr Sanjaya Mishra, Education Specialist: eLearning
Innovation Arabia 11 | Dubai, UAE | 11-13 March 2018
![Page 2: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Commonwealth Heads of Government MeetingVancouver, 1987
![Page 3: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
To help Commonwealth governments and
institutions use technologies to improve and
expand access to education and training
![Page 4: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ECONOMICGROWTH
SOCIAL INCLUSION
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
Learning for Sustainable Development
![Page 5: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Leveraging New & Existing Technologies
![Page 6: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Plan
•Context
•Understanding disruption
•Technology trends in higher education
•Disruptive innovations & higher education
•Looking Ahead
![Page 7: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Context
![Page 8: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GER Tertiary Education- Global
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Retrieved on 7 February 2018.
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
![Page 9: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
GER Tertiary Education- Arab States
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Retrieved on 7 February 2018.
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
![Page 10: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Women in HE
Source: https://tellmaps.com/uis/gender/#!/tellmap/79054752/2
![Page 11: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Graduate Premium
![Page 12: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Canadian example
Source: Berger, Joseph (2009). The Price of Knowledge: Access and Student Finance in Canada
![Page 13: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Some Countries with High GERs
93.26
88.34
57.29
![Page 14: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Skills Shortage
‘Countries have skills shortages, not degree shortages’
Andreas Schleicher
![Page 15: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Skills GapCountries where employers have the most difficulty filling roles
Source: https://www.manpowergroup.com/talent-shortage-2016
![Page 16: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Skills in Demand
Source: http://www.reimagine-education.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/RE_White-Paper_Global-Skills-Gap-Employability.pdf
![Page 17: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ICT Growth- Global
Source: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx Retrieved on 7 February 2018
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Internet users (Per 100 inhabitants) Mobile Subscriptions (Per 100 inhabitants)
![Page 18: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ICT Statistics – Arab States
Source: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx Retrieved on 7 February 2018
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Internet users (Per 100 inhabitants) Mobile Subscriptions (Per 100 inhabitants)
![Page 19: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
What is Higher Education?
• University
• Research Centre
• CollegeUniversity
Research
ExtensionTeaching
![Page 20: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Typical Classroom
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/velkr0/3472576304 (CC BY)
![Page 21: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Understanding Disruption
![Page 22: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Disruptive Innovation
‘…describes a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors.’
C. Christensen
Source: http://www.claytonchristensen.com/key-concepts/
![Page 23: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Characteristics of Disruptions
• It is a process, not a product or service
•Perceived lower quality in the beginning
• Takes time to disrupt existing business
•New business model/s emerge
•Not all disruptions succeed
![Page 24: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Disruptive Innovation Model
Source: https://hbr.org/2015/12/what-is-disruptive-innovation
![Page 25: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Disruption in Higher Education
Mainstream F2F Higher Education
Open Universities and
Dual-mode institutions
Top-tier F2F Higher Education
institutions
Time
Low-end
High-end
Online and blended courses
MOOCs
![Page 26: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Fourth Industrial Revolution
CC BY-SA Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Industry_4.0.png (User:ChristophRoser)
![Page 27: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• From elite to mass
•Correspondence model
•Multi-media model
• Intelligent flexible learning model
ODL as Disruption Over the Four Stages
Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3 Gen 4
![Page 28: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Philosophy of Open-ness
•Open as to people,
•Open as to places,
•Open as to methods, and, finally,
•Open as to ideasLord Crowther
![Page 29: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
‘Open-ness’ in Practice
•No entry qualifications
•Credit banking
•Cafeteria approach to courses
•Anytime, anywhere
![Page 30: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Face-to-Face Courses
Blended Courses
Distance/Online Courses
Influence of ODL on Higher Education
Open and Distance Learning
- MOOC- Mobile learning
ICT integration in teaching and learning
![Page 31: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Disruptions Happen
•Demands of a learning society
•When new technologies emerge
•New providers emerge
![Page 32: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Technology Trends in Higher
Education
![Page 33: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Impact of Technology
The effect of today’s technology on tomorrow’s jobs will be immense
- The Economist
47% of today’s jobs could be automated in the next 20 years
- Oxford University Study
![Page 34: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Re-educating Rita
• Technological progress, and artificial intelligence in particular, will require big changes in the way education is delivered….
• Automation could have a much bigger impact in developing economies …because much of what they provide is …embodied labour.
![Page 35: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
NMC Report 2017
Source: http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2017-nmc-horizon-report-he-EN.pdf
![Page 36: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
NMC Report 2017
Source: http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2017-nmc-horizon-report-he-EN.pdf
![Page 37: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Rise of the Messaging Platforms
![Page 38: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Source: https://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-cycle.jsp
Gartner Hype Cycle
![Page 39: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Innovations in Higher Education?
![Page 40: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Disruptive Innovations &
Higher Education
![Page 41: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Disruptive Innovations in HE
Disruptor Disruptee
MOOC/Blended learning Classroom/Lecture
BlockchainAccreditation authority/ Degree mills?
Micro-credentials/Badges Degree?
Open Education/OERFor-profit colleges/ copyrighted course materials?
![Page 42: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Massive Open Online Course
“MOOCs are online courses designed for large numbers of participants, that can be accessed by anyone, anywhere as long as they have an Internet connection, are open to everyone without entry qualifications and offer a full/complete course experience online for free”
- Mulder & Jansen, 2015
![Page 43: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Implications of MOOCs for HE
Present Future
National or provincial
jurisdiction
Interaction at the campus
Print+ (audio, video, online)
Global classroom
Increased use of Peer2Peer learning
and social media
Online+ (increased use of adaptive
learning)
![Page 44: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Blockchain
• Integrity of records and identities of learners critical in Quality Assurance
• Blockchain entries cannot be modified
• Deployment in online learning is a rapidly emerging possibility
![Page 45: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Blockchain in HE
![Page 46: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Implications of Blockchain for HE
Present Future
Paper certificates
Verification challenge
Manual authentication of work (such a portfolios
Digital permanent certificates
Complete online verification
E-Authentication of work (ePortfolios)
![Page 47: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Credits for formal
learning and/or
Employment
Proctored Test
OnlineLearning
Industry-Academic
Partnership
Micro-credentials
• Short duration• Modular
approach• Skills based
• Community learning
• Self-paced• Mentoring
support
• Verifiable credential
• Project-based
• Job-ready• Reduced cost• Blended with
F2F for formal degree
![Page 48: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Implications of Micro-credentials for HE
Present Future
Semester courses
Less flexibility
Limited mobility
Shorter courses
Bundling/accumulation of
credits
Transferability of credentials
![Page 49: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Open Educational Resources (OER)
Materials that are:
• Free and freely available
• Suitable for all levels
•Reusable
•Digital
![Page 50: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Implications of OER for HE
Present Future
High costs of textbooks
Institutional Teams
Student as consumer
Free quality content
Global Teams of course developers
Student as producer
![Page 51: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Technology & Employability
Source https://hbr.org/2015/09/whos-benefiting-from-moocs-and-why
![Page 52: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Looking Ahead
![Page 53: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The New Learner: 1980’s
• ‘New Learner’: adult learner who looked for new education, training and/or skills for personal development, promotion, change in career, and/or enhanced job requirements
![Page 54: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Digital Native: C21
• ‘Digital Native’: technology-savvy learners, usually young school-leavers
![Page 55: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The Emerging Ultimate Learner
• Has the means to learn
• The mindset and motivation
• Lifelong learner
• Multidisciplinary, analtyical, ethical, innovative, disciplined, respectful, collaborative
![Page 56: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The Student in 2035
Division of Learning:“Maker, Doer,Thinker”
Artificial Intelligence: Holographic Advisor Bot
Advanced Communication:
Languagetranslation implants
Micro-coursesLearning at
home:Immers-A-Casts
Broadened classrooms &
Blendedcourses:linking of multiple f-f
classes via technology (mega-pixel
walls)
Reference: BIG SHIFTS ARE COMING! LOOKING BACK FROM 2035 .www.contactnorth.ca
![Page 57: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
I. Lifelong learning
• Simply reforming current education systems …to meet future skills requirements is not going to be enough….
• Ageing countries …will need wholesale reskilling of existing workforces throughout their life
![Page 59: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
II. Integrating Employability
• Balance between theory and practice; hard and soft skills
• Engage industry: internships; apprenticeships
• Link QA to employability
• Career support
• Measure capabilityrather than number of hours Credit Hour Range of skills
![Page 60: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Sensitisation
Career Counselling
Evaluation Drills
Career Support
Upon Graduation
Penultimate Year
After Induction
Before Admission
Employability pathway in HE
![Page 61: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
III. Inclusion
• Policies to address gender/class disparities
• People with Disabilities
• Providing affordable, low-cost options for learning
![Page 62: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Early Birds Catch the Worm
• Transform curriculumand pedagogy
• Facilitate the link between education, labour market and learner
•Harness appropriate technology
Photo credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earlybird_gets_the_worm_(16888219726).jpg
![Page 63: HE Age of Disruption](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071614/6158162d449685175b416607/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Thank you
www.col.org