heallth promotion model

8/3/2019 Heallth Promotion Model

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Seminar on

Health Promotion Model


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INTRODUCTION

The health promotion model (HPM) proposed by

Nola J Pender (1982; revised, 1996) was designed tobe a complementary counterpart to models of health

protection.

It defines health as a positive dynamic state not

merely the absence of disease. Health promotion isdirected at increasing a clients level of well being.


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The health promotion model describes the multi

dimensional nature of persons as they interact withintheir environment to pursue health.


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ABOUT THE THEORIST

Nola J. Pender, PhD, RN, FAAN - former

professor of nursing at the University ofMichigan


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The model focuses on following three

areas:

Individual characteristics and experiences

Behaviour-specific cognitions and affect

Behavioral outcomes


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The health promotion model notes that eachperson has unique personal characteristics and

experiences that affect further actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific

knowledge and affect have importantmotivational significance.

These variables can be modified throughnursing actions.

Health promoting behaviour is the desired

behavioral outcome and is the end point in theHPM.


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Health promoting behaviors should result inimproved health, enhanced functional ability

and better quality of life at all stages of development.

The final behavioral demand is also influencedby the immediate competing demand andpreferences, which can derail an intended healthpromoting actions.


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ASSUMPTIONS OF THE HEALTH

PROMOTION MODEL

Individuals seek to actively regulate their ownbehaviour.

Individuals in all their biopsychosocialcomplexity interact with the environment,progressively transforming the environment and

being transformed over time.


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Health professionals constitute a part of theinterpersonal environment, which exertsinfluence on persons throughout their life span.

Self-initiated reconfiguration of person-

environment interactive patterns is essential tobehavior change


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THEORETICAL PROPOSITIONS OF THE

HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL

Prior behavior and inherited and acquired

characteristics influence beliefs, affect, andenactment of health-promoting behavior.

Persons commit to engaging in behaviors fromwhich they anticipate deriving personally valued

benefits. Perceived barriers can constrain commitment to

action, a mediator of behavior as well as actualbehavior


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When positive emotions or affect are associatedwith a behavior, the probability of commitment

and action is increased. Persons are more likely to commit to and engage

in health-promoting behaviors when significantoccur

Families, peers, and health care providers areimportant sources of interpersonal influencethat can increase or decrease commitment toand engagement in health-promoting behavior.


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Situational influences in the external

environment can increase or decreasecommitment to or participation in health-promoting behavior.

The greater the commitments to a specific

plan of action, the more likely health-promoting behaviors are to be maintainedover time.


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THE MAJOR CONCEPTS AND

DEFINITIONS OF THE HEALTHPROMOTION MODEL

Individual Characteristics and Experience

1. Prior related behaviour2. Frequency of the similar behaviour in the past.

Direct and indirect effects on the likelihood ofengaging in health promoting behaviors.


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PERSONAL FACTORS Personal factors categorized as

1. biological,

2. psychological and3. socio-cultural.

1. Personal biological factors

Include variable such as age gender body mass

index pubertal status, aerobic capacity, strength,agility, or balance.


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2. Personal psychological factors

Include variables such as self esteem selfmotivation personal competence perceivedhealth status and definition of health.

3. Personal socio-cultural factors

Include variables such as race ethnicity,accuculturation, education and socioeconomicstatus.

Behavioural Specific Cognition and Affect


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PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF ACTION

Anticipated positive out comes that will occurfrom health behaviour.

PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO ACTION

Anticipated, imagined or real blocks and

personal costs of understanding a givenbehaviour


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PERCEIVED SELF EFFICACY

Judgment of personal capability to organise and

execute a health-promoting behaviour.Perceived self efficacy influences perceivedbarriers to action so higher efficacy result inlowered perceptions of barriers to the

performance of the behavior.


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ACTIVITY RELATED AFFECT

Subjective positive or negative feeling that

occur before, during and following behaviorbased on the stimulus properties of thebehaviour itself. Activity-related affectinfluences perceived self-efficacy, which means

the more positive the subjective feeling, thegreater the feeling of efficacy. In turn, increasedfeelings of efficacy can generate further positiveaffect.


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INTERPERSONAL INFLUENCES

Cognition concerning behaviours, beliefs, or

attitudes of the others. Primary sources of interpersonal influences are families, peers, andhealthcare providers.


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SITUATIONAL INFLUENCES

Personal perceptions and cognitions of any

given situation or context that can facilitate orimpede behaviour. Situational influences mayhave direct or indirect influences on health

behaviour.


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Behavioural Outcome

COMMITMENT TO PLAN OF ACTION

The concept of intention and identification ofa planned strategy leads to implementation ofhealth behaviour


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IMMEDIATE COMPETING DEMANDS

AND PREFERENCES

Competing demands are those alternative

behaviour over which individuals have lowcontrol because there are environmentalcontingencies such as work or family careresponsibilities. Competing preferences are

alternative behaviour over which individualsexert relatively high control, such as choice of icecream or apple for a snack


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HEALTH PROMOTING BEHAVIOUR

Endpoint or action outcome directed toward

attaining positive health outcome such asoptimal well-being, personal fulfilment, andproductive living.

heallth promotion model

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