Health SciencesCollege of Allied Health Sciences

GEL1103 ภาษาอังกฤษเพื่อการสื่อสารและทักษะการเรียนรู้

Outline

Unit 1 Health

Unit 2 Environment

Unit 3 Entertainment

Unit 4 Social Problems

Unit 5 Cultural Diversity

Unit 6 Education

Unit 7 Science and Technology

Unit 8 Lifestyle

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Unit 1 Health3

Skill Building

- How to use dictionary Pronunciation- Stressed syllable

Word study

- Prefixes and Suffixes

Language Focus-Tenses

Health : I don’t sleep a wink last night

Sydney : Steve, you look pale. What

happened?

Steve : I’ve got insomnia.

Sydney : Did you have something in

your mind?

: You look so concerned!

May be I can help you.

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5

Steve : Well, I’m under a lot of pressure.

My boss is very pushy.

He assigned me three projects.

Now the deadlines are near

and I still haven’t finished all of

my projects.

Sydney : Is there anything

I can do to help you?

6Steve : Well, I guess no one

can help me but myself.

For the moment,

I just need someone to talk

to so that I can relieve my

stress.

Prefixes

A prefix is a set of letters that is

added to the beginning of a word

to change its meaning.

Each prefix has a general

meaning, so you will be able to

understand what a word with a

prefix means more easily.

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Prefixes 8

The first man looks very friendly! I think it would be nice to spendtime with him.

The second man looks unfriendly.I don't think it would be much fun to

spend time with him!

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We can see in the second sentence that we added the prefix "un-" to the word "friendly." This prefix "un-" means "not" or "the opposite of."

Here are more examples with the prefix "un-":happy ----> unhappyfinished ----> unfinishedbelievable ----> unbelievableacceptable ----> unacceptable

Prefixes

Prefix Meaning Example word

dis- not, opposite of disagree

in-, im- not incorrect, impossible

mis- incorrectly misunderstand

re- again redo (do again)

un- not uninteresting

under-below, lower, not

enoughunderwater

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Suffixes

A suffix is a letter or group of letters

added at the end of a word which

makes a new word.

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http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

Suffixes

The new word is most often a different

word class from the original word. In

the table above, the suffix -ful has

changed verbs to adjectives, -ment,

and -ion have changed verbs to

nouns. If you see a word ending in -

ment, for example, it is likely to be a noun (e.g. commitment, contentment).

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http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

Suffixes: spellingSuffix causes a spelling change to the

original word

- beauty, duty + -ful → beautiful, dutiful (-

y changes to i)

- heavy, ready + -ness → heaviness,

readiness (-y changes to i)

- able, possible + -ity → ability, possibility (-

le changes to il)

- permit, omit + -ion → permission,

omission (-t changes to ss)

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http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

Noun suffixes 14

Suffixes examples of verbs

age baggage, village,postage

al arrival, burial, deferral

ance/-ence reliance, defence, insistence

dom boredom, freedom, kingdom

ee employee, payee, trainee

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

Noun suffixes

Suffixes examples of verbs

er/-or driver, writer, director

hood brotherhood, childhood,

neighbourhood

ry entry, ministry, robbery

ship friendship, membership,

workmanship

sion/-tion/-xion expression, population,

complexion

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http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

Noun suffixes

Suffixes examples of verbs

-ism capitalism, Marxism,

socialism (philosophies)

-ist capitalist, Marxist, socialist

(followers of philosophies)

-ity/-ty brutality, equality, cruelty

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http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

Noun suffixes

Suffixes examples of verbs

Ment amazement,disappointment,

parliament

Ness happiness, kindness,

usefulness

Ry entry, ministry, robbery

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http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

Adjective suffixes

Suffixes examples of verbs

able/-ible drinkable, portable, flexible

al brutal, formal, postal

En broken, golden, wooden

Ese Chinese, Japanese,

Vietnamese

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http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

Adjective suffixes19

Suffixes examples of verbs

Ful forgetful, helpful,

useful

I Iraqi, Pakistani,

Yemeni

Ic classic, Islamic,

poetic

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

Verb suffixes20

Suffixes examples of verbs

Ate complicate, dominate,

irritate

En harden, soften, shorten

Ify beautify, clarify, identify

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

Adjective suffixes

Suffixes examples of verbs

ise/-ize economise, realise,

industrialize (-ise is most

common in British English; -

ize is most common in

American English)

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http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

Adverb suffixes22

Suffixes examples of verbs

Ly calmly, easily, quickly

ward(s) downwards, homeward(s),

upwards

Wise anti-clockwise, clockwise,

edgewise

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes

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Suffixes Meaning Part of Speech Exampleage function,resulf of noun courage

ity,ition state,condition noun reality

er,or

a person who,

a thing which noun programmer

ist,yst condition of noun analyist, typist

ness state,action noun readiness

ment capable of being adjective measurement

al,ar,ic,ical have the quality of adjective electrical, circular

able, ible

caharacterized by,

full of adjective comparable

ive having the quality adjective sensitive

ful full of adjective colorful

(i)ous to make or to do adjective dangerous

ing in the manner of noun/adjective processing

ate, en, ify to make verb abbreviate, whiten

ise,ize cause,treat, become verb

antagonize, authorize,

popularize

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https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs.htm

25

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs.htm

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs.htm

What is a Verb? 26

The verb is king in English. The

shortest sentence contains a verb.

You can make a one-word sentence

with a verb, for example: "Stop!"

You cannot make a one-word

sentence with any other type of word.

Type of Verbs

1. Action (Ram plays football.)

- make a one-word sentence with

any other type of word.

- Verbs are sometimes described

as "action words". Many verbs give the

idea of action, of "doing" something.

For example, words like run, fight,

do and work all convey action.

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2. state (Anthony seems kind.)

- But some verbs do not give the

idea of action; they give the idea of

existence, of state, of "being".

For example, verbs like be, exist,

seem and belong all convey state.

28Type of Verbs

Change in form

The verb to work has five forms:

to work,

work,

works,

worked,

working

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Verb Classification

Helping Verbs

Imagine that a stranger walks into your room

and says:

I can.

People must.

The Earth will.

We usually use helping verbs with main verbs.

They "help" the main verb. (The sentences in

the above examples are therefore incomplete.

They need at least a main verb to complete

them.) There are only about 15 helping verbs.

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Now imagine that the same stranger walks into

your room and says:

I teach.

People eat.

The Earth rotates.

In the following table we see example

sentences with helping verbs and main verbs.

Notice that all of these sentences have a main

verb. Only some of them have a helping verb.

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Verb Classification

helping

verb main verb

likes coffee.

lied to me.

are happy.

are playing.

must go now.

do not want any.

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divide them into two basic

groups:

Primary helping verbs (3 verbs)

These are the verbs be, do, and have. Note that we can use

these three verbs as helping verbs or as main verbs. On this

page we talk about them as helping verbs. We use them in

the following cases:

be

to make continuous tenses (He is watching TV.)

to make the passive (Small fish are eaten by big fish.)

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have

to make perfect tenses (I have finished my homework.)

do

to make negatives (I do not like you.)

to ask questions (Do you want some coffee?)

to show emphasis (I do want you to pass your exam.)

to stand for a main verb in some constructions (He speaks

faster than shedoes.)

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Modal helping verbs (10 verbs)

We use modal helping verbs to "modify" the meaning of the

main verb in some way. A modal helping verb expresses

necessity or possibility, and changes the main verb in that

sense. These are the modal verbs:

can, could

may, might

will, would,

shall, should

must

ought to

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Here are examples using modal verbs:

I can't speak Chinese.

John may arrive late.

Would you like a cup of coffee?

You should see a doctor.

I really must go now.

Semi-modal verbs (3 verbs)

The following verbs are often called "semi-modals" because

they are partly like modal helping verbs and partly like main

verbs:need, dare, used to

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Review of English tenses

Simple Present

AffirmativeShe drinks.

Negative She does not drink.

Interrogative Does she drink?

Form I, you, we, they ,play | he, she, it plays

Uses

action in the present taking place once, never or several times

facts

actions taking place one after another

action set by a timetable or schedule

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Review of English tenses

Review of English tenses

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Present Progressive

Affirmative He is reading.

Negative He is not reading.

Interrogative Is he reading?

Form To be (in the simple present) + verb + ing

Uses

action taking place at the moment of speaking

action arranged for the future

Review of English tenses

Simple Past

AffirmativeI cried.

NegativeI did not cry

InterrogativeDid I cry?

Form

Regular verbs: Verb + ed | Irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs

Uses

action in the past taking place once, never or several times

actions taking place one after another

39Review of English tenses

Past Progressive

AffirmativeHe was driving.

NegativeHe was not driving.

InterrogativeWas he driving?

Formto be (in the simple past) + verb + ing

Uses

action going on at a certain time in the past

actions taking place at the same time

action in the past that is interrupted by another action

40Review of English tenses

Present Perfect Simple

Affirmative They have slept.

Negative They have not slept.

Interrogative Have they slept?

Form

Have / has + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs)

Uses

emphasis is on the result (not the duration)

action that started in the past & is still going on

action that stopped recently

finished action that has an influence on the present

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Review of English tenses

Present Perfect Progressive

AffirmativeHe has been thinking.

NegativeHe has not been thinking.

InterrogativeHas he been thinking?

Formhave or has + been + verb + ing

Uses

putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) action that recently stopped or is still going on

finished action that influenced the present

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Review of English tenses

Past Perfect Simple

AffirmativeShe had won.

NegativeShe had not won.

InterrogativeHad she won?

Form

had + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs)

Uses

action taking place before a certain time in the past

sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive

putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)

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Review of English tenses

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Past Perfect Simple

AffirmativeShe had won.

NegativeShe had not won.

InterrogativeHad she won?

Form

had + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs)

Uses

action taking place before a certain time in the past

sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive

putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)

Review of English tenses

Future Simple

AffirmativeYou will win.

NegativeYou will not win.

InterrogativeWill you win?

Formwill + verb

Uses

action in the future that cannot be influenced

spontaneous decision

assumption with regard to the future

45Review of English tenses

Near Future(going to)

AffirmativeHe is going to watch TV.

NegativeHe is not going to watch TV.

InterrogativeIs he going to watch TV?

Formto be (in the simple present) + going + to + verb

Uses

decision made for the future

conclusion with regard to the future

46Review of English tenses

Future Progressive

AffirmativeShe will be listening to music.

NegativeShe will not be listening to music.

InterrogativeWill she be listening to music?

Formwill + be + verb + ing

Uses

action that is going on at a certain time in the future

action that is sure to happen in the near future

47Review of English tenses

Future Perfect

AffirmativeHe will have spoken.

NegativeHe will not have spoken.

InterrogativeWill he have spoken?

Form

will + have + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs)

Uses action that will be finished at a certain time in the future

48Review of English tenses

Future Perfect Progressive

AffirmativeYou will have been studying.

NegativeYou will not have been studying.

InterrogativeWill you have been studying?

Formwill + have + been + verb + ing

Uses

action taking place before a certain time in the future

putting emphasis on the course of an action

49Review of English tenses

Conditional Simple

Affirmative

We would relax.

Negative

We would not relax.

Interrogative

Would we relax ?

Form

would + verb

Uses

action that might take place

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Review of English tenses

Conditional Progressive

AffirmativeHe would be writing.

NegativeHe would not be writing.

InterrogativeWould he be writing?

Formwould + be + verb + ing

Uses

action that might take place

putting emphasis on the course / duration of the action

51Review of English tenses

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Conditional Perfect Progressive

AffirmativeShe would have been sleeping.

NegativeShe would not have sleeping speaking.

InterrogativeWould she have been sleeping?

Formwould + have + been + verb + ing

Uses

action that might have taken place in the past

puts emphasis on the course / duration of the action

Review of English tenses

Conditional Perfect Progressive

Affirmative

She would have been sleeping.

Negative

She would not have sleeping speaking.

Interrogative

Would she have been sleeping?

Form

would + have + been + verb + ing

Uses

action that might have taken place in the past

puts emphasis on the course / duration of the action

53Review of English tenses