health assessment across the lifespan. structure and function subjective data—health history...
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Health Assessment Across the Lifespan
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Structure and Function Subjective Data—Health History
Questions Objective Data—The Physical Exam Abnormal Findings
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Surface landmarks Borders of abdominal cavity Abdominal muscles
Internal anatomy (viscera) Solid viscera
Liver Pancreas Spleen Adrenal glands Kidneys Ovaries Uterus
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Internal anatomy (viscera) (cont.) Hollow viscera
Stomach Gallbladder Small intestine Colon Bladder
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© Pat Thomas, 2006.
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© Pat Thomas, 2006.
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Abdominal wall divided into four quadrants Right upper (RUQ) Left upper (LUQ) Right lower (RLQ) Left lower (LLQ)
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Appetite Dysphagia Food intolerance Abdominal pain Nausea/vomiting Bowel habits Abdominal history Medications Nutritional assessment
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Preparation Lighting and draping Measures to enhance abdominal wall
relaxation
Equipment needed Stethoscope Small centimeter ruler Skin-marking pen Alcohol swab
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Inspect the abdomen Contour Symmetry Umbilicus Skin Pulsation or movement Hair distribution Demeanor
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Auscultate the abdomen
Bowel sounds Vascular sounds
(bruits)
Percuss the abdomen General tympany Liver span
Usual technique Scratch test
Splenic dullness Costovertebral
angletenderness
Special procedures Fluid wave Shifting dullness
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Palpate the liver Measures to enhance
muscle relaxation Light palpation Deep palpation Bimanual palpation Normally palpable
structures Liver
Usual technique Hooking technique
Spleen Kidneys Aorta
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Rebound tenderness (Blumberg’s sign) Inspiratory arrest (Murphy’s sign) Iliopsoas muscle test Obturator test
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Obesity Air or gas Ascites Ovarian cyst Pregnancy Feces Tumor
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Umbilical hernia Epigastric hernia Incisional hernia Diastasis recti
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Hypoactive bowel sounds Hyperactive bowel sounds
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Enlarged liver Enlarged nodular liver Enlarged gallbladder Enlarged spleen Enlarged kidney Aortic aneurysm
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