Health Benefits of WineHealth Benefits of WineLynda Hesse RDLynda Hesse RD

What is Wine?What is Wine? Alcoholic beverage made from Alcoholic beverage made from

fermented grapes or other fruitfermented grapes or other fruit Yeast consumes the sugar in the Yeast consumes the sugar in the

grapes and converts it to alcohol and grapes and converts it to alcohol and carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide

Date back to 6000BCDate back to 6000BC Played an important role in religion Played an important role in religion

and medicine throughout historyand medicine throughout history

Historical Role of Wine in Historical Role of Wine in MedicineMedicine

Ancient EgyptAncient Egypt

2200BC2200BC Oldest documented man made Oldest documented man made

medicinemedicine Recipe for wine based medicines found Recipe for wine based medicines found

on ancient Egyptians tablets and papyrion ancient Egyptians tablets and papyri

Historical Role of Wine in Historical Role of Wine in MedicineMedicine

Ancient GreeksAncient Greeks Hippocrates -Hippocrates - the father of modern the father of modern

medicine recommendations for winemedicine recommendations for wine Wine as a part of a healthy dietWine as a part of a healthy diet Use as a disinfectant for woundsUse as a disinfectant for wounds Medium to mix with other drugs Medium to mix with other drugs

for easier consumptionfor easier consumption Cure for diarrhea and lethargyCure for diarrhea and lethargy Treatment for pain during Treatment for pain during

childbirthchildbirth

Historical Role of Wine in Historical Role of Wine in MedicineMedicine

Ancient RomeAncient Rome Documented list of Documented list of

Greek and Roman wines Greek and Roman wines used for medicinal used for medicinal purposespurposes

Used to treat the Used to treat the gladiators in Asian gladiators in Asian Minor as a disinfectant Minor as a disinfectant for woundsfor wounds

Historical Role of Wine in Historical Role of Wine in MedicineMedicine Role of ReligionRole of Religion

Talmud - “wine is the foremost of all medicines: Talmud - “wine is the foremost of all medicines: wherever wine is lacking, medicines become wherever wine is lacking, medicines become necessary”necessary”

New Testament - Paul the Apostle recommended New Testament - Paul the Apostle recommended drinking wine now and again for the benefit of the drinking wine now and again for the benefit of the stomach and digestionstomach and digestion

Islam - Persian doctors in the 11Islam - Persian doctors in the 11thth century AD noted century AD noted wines use as a digestive aid and as a disinfectant wines use as a digestive aid and as a disinfectant while dressing woundswhile dressing wounds

Used in Catholic Monasteries during the middle ages Used in Catholic Monasteries during the middle ages for various medical treatmentsfor various medical treatments

Historical Role of Wine in Historical Role of Wine in MedicineMedicine

Disease PreventionDisease Prevention Used throughout the ages to sterilize Used throughout the ages to sterilize

water water Alternative to drinking waterAlternative to drinking water Control the spread of diseaseControl the spread of disease

Historical Role of Wine in Historical Role of Wine in MedicineMedicine

Changing views on alcohol in the late Changing views on alcohol in the late 1919thth and early 20 and early 20thth century century Temperance movement touting the ills Temperance movement touting the ills

of alcoholismof alcoholism Prohibition Prohibition Focus switched to risk of alcohol Focus switched to risk of alcohol

consumptionconsumption Fetal alcohol syndrome – warning labels on Fetal alcohol syndrome – warning labels on

alcohol containing productsalcohol containing products

Historical Role of Wine in Historical Role of Wine in MedicineMedicine

1990 and early 211990 and early 21stst century century Renewed interest in the health benefits of Renewed interest in the health benefits of

winewine French ParadoxFrench Paradox

Research by Serge RenaudResearch by Serge Renaud High fat/dairy diet High fat/dairy diet Low occurrence of Low occurrence of

Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease Moderate consumption red wineModerate consumption red wine

as risk reducing factor as risk reducing factor

Historical Role of Wine in Historical Role of Wine in MedicineMedicine

USDA Dietary GuidelinesUSDA Dietary Guidelines 1990 1990

““Wine has no net health benefit”Wine has no net health benefit” 19951995

Moderate consumption with meals providing Moderate consumption with meals providing the individual has had no other alcohol-the individual has had no other alcohol-related health riskrelated health risk

1 5 oz glass for women1 5 oz glass for women 2 5 oz glasses for men2 5 oz glasses for men

Health Benefits of WineHealth Benefits of Wine Chemical Compounds found in wineChemical Compounds found in wine Polyphenols naturally occurring Polyphenols naturally occurring

compounds found in fruit, compounds found in fruit, vegetables, cereal and beveragesvegetables, cereal and beverages Phenols and PolyphenolsPhenols and Polyphenols

Phenolic acidPhenolic acid StilbenesStilbenes

FlavonoidsFlavonoids LigansLigans Red wine has >200 phenolic compoundsRed wine has >200 phenolic compounds

Health Benefits of WineHealth Benefits of Wine ResveratrolResveratrol

Phenolic compoundPhenolic compound Found in grapes skin, and leavesFound in grapes skin, and leaves Amount varies by type of grape and wine Amount varies by type of grape and wine Processing of the wine, can also affect Processing of the wine, can also affect

the amount of resveratrolthe amount of resveratrol Measured in Micromoles per liter Measured in Micromoles per liter Marketing resveratrol content on labelsMarketing resveratrol content on labels

Average in red wine 10 micromoles per literAverage in red wine 10 micromoles per liter

Health Benefits of WineHealth Benefits of Wine

Other Compounds in WineOther Compounds in Wine CatechinCatechin QuercetinQuercetin CinnanimatesCinnanimates AlcoholAlcohol

Increase HDLIncrease HDL Anti-clotting propertiesAnti-clotting properties

Health Benefits of WineHealth Benefits of WineBone DensityBone Density

Heavy alcohol consumption Heavy alcohol consumption associated with increase risk associated with increase risk of fractures and interferes of fractures and interferes with the cellular process with the cellular process which creates bonewhich creates bone

Bone Mineral density in post Bone Mineral density in post menopausal women was menopausal women was increased with increased with moderatemoderate alcohol consumptionalcohol consumption

Health Benefits of WineHealth Benefits of WineCancerCancer

Alcohol is toxin and heavy Alcohol is toxin and heavy consumption has been linked to consumption has been linked to breast, colon and esophageal breast, colon and esophageal cancercancer

Antioxidant compounds in wine Antioxidant compounds in wine may reduce the risk of lung, may reduce the risk of lung, ovarian and prostate cancerovarian and prostate cancer

Resveratrol, decrease estrogen Resveratrol, decrease estrogen metabolites which promote metabolites which promote development of breast cancerdevelopment of breast cancer

Reduce risk for esophageal Reduce risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett's adenocarcinoma and Barrett's esophagusesophagus

Health Benefits of WineHealth Benefits of WineHeart DiseaseHeart Disease

Lowers mortality rate and Lowers mortality rate and risk of heart diseaserisk of heart disease

Improve LDL/HDL ratioImprove LDL/HDL ratio Reduce risk of gallstone Reduce risk of gallstone

secondary to lower cholesterol secondary to lower cholesterol levelslevels

Anticoagulant properties of Anticoagulant properties of wine limit blood clotting and wine limit blood clotting and inhibit plaque formationinhibit plaque formation

Health Benefits of WineHealth Benefits of WineOther Other

Moderate alcohol consumption Moderate alcohol consumption lower risk of developing lower risk of developing Alzheimer's and dementiaAlzheimer's and dementia

2005 researchers linked moderate 2005 researchers linked moderate alcohol consumption to lower risk alcohol consumption to lower risk of developing Type 2 DMof developing Type 2 DM

The antibacterial nature of alcohol The antibacterial nature of alcohol my reduce risk of H- pylori my reduce risk of H- pylori bacterium bacterium

Anti-oxidant properties of wine my Anti-oxidant properties of wine my have positive benefit in slowing have positive benefit in slowing macular degenerationmacular degeneration

Health Benefits of WineHealth Benefits of WineWeight LossWeight Loss

Alcohol can stimulate the Alcohol can stimulate the appetiteappetite

Drinking wine with meals Drinking wine with meals can help slow stomach can help slow stomach emptying time and emptying time and potentially decrease the potentially decrease the amount of food consumed amount of food consumed with mealswith meals

Is it the Wine Alone?Is it the Wine Alone?

Digging Deeper into the French Digging Deeper into the French ParadoxParadox

Is it wine alone that contributed to the Is it wine alone that contributed to the 40% reduction in heart attacks and 40% reduction in heart attacks and other health benefits of wineother health benefits of wine

Is it the Wine Alone?Is it the Wine Alone? Lifestyle habitsLifestyle habits

Better dietsBetter diets Regular exerciseRegular exercise Non smokersNon smokers Lower BMILower BMI

*May be factors *May be factors

to support positive to support positive

health benefitshealth benefits

Take AwayTake Away Eat a Healthful diet Eat a Healthful diet Get regular exerciseGet regular exercise Try to achieve a good weight for your Try to achieve a good weight for your

heightheight Lower your BMILower your BMI Stop SmokingStop Smoking And have a glass of wine a day And have a glass of wine a day

just in case it’s good for you!just in case it’s good for you!

““Good Wine is a Good Wine is a necessity of life for necessity of life for

me”me”

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

ReferencesReferences G.Harding”A Wine Miscellany, Clarkson Potter Publishing, New York 2005G.Harding”A Wine Miscellany, Clarkson Potter Publishing, New York 2005 J.Robinson”The Oxford Companion to Wine” Third Edition Oxford University J.Robinson”The Oxford Companion to Wine” Third Edition Oxford University

Press 2006Press 2006 Hugh,Johnson,Vintage:”The Story of Wine, Simon and Schuster 1989Hugh,Johnson,Vintage:”The Story of Wine, Simon and Schuster 1989 P.Masson”The Father of the French Paradox” Wine Spectator, March 15, 1994P.Masson”The Father of the French Paradox” Wine Spectator, March 15, 1994 P.Masson”Eat Well, Drink Wisely, Live Longer” Wine Spectator, Nov. 29, 2001.P.Masson”Eat Well, Drink Wisely, Live Longer” Wine Spectator, Nov. 29, 2001. Novel Antioxidant Reaction s of Cinnamates in Wine. Nick Emil Gislason, Bruce Novel Antioxidant Reaction s of Cinnamates in Wine. Nick Emil Gislason, Bruce

Lamonte Currie and Andrew Leo Waterhouse,J.Agric. Food Chem., 2011Lamonte Currie and Andrew Leo Waterhouse,J.Agric. Food Chem., 2011 Walter Bone . (2012) Recognizing and Treating Secondary Osteoporosis. Nat Walter Bone . (2012) Recognizing and Treating Secondary Osteoporosis. Nat

Rev Pheumatol 8(8): 480-92Rev Pheumatol 8(8): 480-92 Alcohol Drinking.Lyon: World Health Organization, International Agency for Alcohol Drinking.Lyon: World Health Organization, International Agency for

Research on Cancer 1988.Research on Cancer 1988. S.Boyles”Research Shows Moderate Wine Drinkers May Have Less Risk of S.Boyles”Research Shows Moderate Wine Drinkers May Have Less Risk of

Barrett’s Esophagus”, WebMDBarrett’s Esophagus”, WebMD C. Laino”Study Shows Wine Drinkers with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Les Likely C. Laino”Study Shows Wine Drinkers with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Les Likely

to Die or Have Relapse” WebMDto Die or Have Relapse” WebMD K.Zelman “Wine How Much Is Good for You” Web MDK.Zelman “Wine How Much Is Good for You” Web MD Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2009 Nov-Dec; 2(5): 270–278 Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2009 Nov-Dec; 2(5): 270–278 Tracy C. Shuman, MD”Alcohol and Heart Disease” Web MD Tracy C. Shuman, MD”Alcohol and Heart Disease” Web MD J Agric Food Chem 2011 Jun 8;59(11):6221-6. doi: 10.1021/jf200115y. Epub J Agric Food Chem 2011 Jun 8;59(11):6221-6. doi: 10.1021/jf200115y. Epub

2011 May 11.2011 May 11.