health care of older adults some facts about the elderly – – currently about 13% of the...
Post on 21-Dec-2015
219 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults
• Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)
are > 65 years of age– 75% of malignancies are diagnosed in individuals
who are > 75 years of age– The fastest growing group of elderly individuals
are those between 85 and 95 years of age (the “old-old”)
(Ignatavisius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 2: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults
• Why is it important for healthcare providers to be aware of the specific health needs of elderly adults?
• What are some of the common health issues faced by elderly adults? (metabolism slower, polypharmacy, brain cells atrophy, risk for falls, bleeds that go unnoticed)
• What is the role of the nurse in providing care to older adults? (book does a good job of talking about that)
![Page 3: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults
• Late adulthood is divided into four distinct groups. Of these, the “old, old” is the fastest growing – 65 to 74 years of age: the young old– 75 to 84 years of age: the middle old– 85 to 99 years of age: the old-old (a/k/a
“the frail elderly”) – 100 years of age or more: the elite old
(Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 4: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults
• Health issues faced by elderly individuals include:– Health promotion - Elderly neglect/abuse– Self-management - Mobility– Nutritional awareness– Accidents - Stress management– Drug use and misuse– Mental health/behavioral health issues
(Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 5: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults : Health Promotion
• Health promotion:– Needed to ensure optimal level of health– Risk factors that negate “successful” aging• alcohol abuse• smoking• depression• lack of exercise and obesity.
– Individuals at greater risk for health problems:• minorities (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
• uneducated
![Page 6: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults
• Chronic conditions are a significant contributor to ill-health in the elderly population (stroke, heart disease, diabetes, COPD)
• What are some of the chronic illnesses?• How might these conditions have a different
and/or greater impact on elderly individuals as compared to other people? (think of how the different systems of the body are slowed down… actual anatomy changes/slows)
![Page 7: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Health Promotion
• Education – Flu shot – Pneumococcal vaccination– Tetanus immunization (booster at 10 years)– Seat belts– Alcohol in moderation / Smoking – No– Hazard-free environment – Meds only as prescribed / Avoid OTC meds– One aspirin daily (between 81 & 325 mg) Why?
![Page 8: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Health Promotion
• Yearly physical examination (more often if needed)
• Reduce intake of fat to 30% of calories; saturated fat less should be < 10% of total calories (Examples of saturated fats?)
• Increase fiber-containing foods (Examples?) (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 9: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Health Promotion
• Increase calcium intake (Why?)• Exercise 3-5 times a week for 30 minutes each
time (weight bearing, walking, doing weights)
• Coping • Socialization • Talk about your life… (a lot of them are
lonely… just want to talk) (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 10: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Health Promotion
![Page 11: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Self Management
• Elderly individuals experience losses that may include– Death of a spouse and significant others– Loss of social networks (homebound, friends dye)– Decrease in mobility – Reduced sense of control– Sense of increasing years
• What is the role of the nurse assess cog. Ability, coping mechanisms, abililty to do ADLs, what is their normal social
network? (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 12: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Nutrition
• Elderly individuals are at risk for under-nutrition
• Older individuals require increased intake of calcium, vitamins A, C and D (Why?)
• Because…– Aging interrupts the body’s capacity for storing,
using, and absorbing these nutrients– What else? (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 13: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Physical Mobility
• Exercise has been shown to aid in– Decreasing falls– Increasing strength– Reducing arthritis pain– Reducing depression– Improving longevity– Reducing risks for diabetes and coronary artery
disease (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 14: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Stress Management
• Maintaining and establishing relationships• Close, stable relationships (having someone to
confide in) helps to increase ability to response more positively to stress
Less favorable response to stress!
![Page 15: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Environmental
• Changes in vision, touch and mobility contribute to problems in adjusting to a new environment
• At home, safeguards should be in place (Describe)
• “Fallophobia”• “Polypharmacy” (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2006)
![Page 16: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Drug Use
• Physiologic changes in elderly individuals equate to changes in the ability to absorb, distribute, metabolize and excrete the drug
• Drug metabolism most often occurs in the liver– Age related changes: decrease in liver size;
decrease in liver blood flow; decrease in liver enzyme activity = increased plasma concentration of a drug (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 17: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Drug use
• Excretion of drugs most often involves the renal system– Age related changes include decrease in renal
blood flow and reduced glomerular filtration rate – result in decreased creatinine clearance and slower excretion time for drugs – thus, serum drug levels can be toxic, and the individual may become ill or die
(Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 18: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Health Care of Older Adults: Common Adverse Drug Reactions
• Edema * Dizziness• Nausea and vomiting * Diarrhea• Dry mouth * Constipation • Anorexia * Urinary retention• Fatigue * Confusion • Weakness (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 19: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Health Care of the Older Adult: Depression
• Most common mental health/behavioral disorder affecting elderly individuals
• Thought to be the result of a lack of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain
• Often under-diagnosed (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 20: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Health Care and the Older Adult:Depression
• Depression (untreated) may result in– Worsening of a medical condition– Risk of physical illness– Alcoholism – Increased pain and disability– Delayed recovery from illness– Suicide (esp. elderly men) (Older adults have the
highest suicide rate among any age-group) (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 21: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Health Care of the Older Adult:Dementia
• Dementia is a broad term used to describe encompassing impairment of intellectual function
• Chronic and progressive • Most common type: Alzheimer’s disease• Multi-infarct dementia – 2nd most common
(Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 22: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Health Care of the Older Adult:Delirium
• “Acute stage of confusion”• Often seen in older adults who are in
unfamiliar surroundings • Two types: hyperactivity (most common) and
hypoactivity (less common)• Differs from dementia – Is short term– Is reversible (usually within 3 weeks)
(Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 23: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Health Care of the Older Adult:Delirium (Causes)
• Medications • Metabolic disturbances• Infections• Surgical operations • Circulatory, renal, and pulmonary disorders• Nutritional deficiencies • Major loss (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 24: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Health Care of the Older Adult: Neglect and Abuse
• Verbal and physical• Abuser most often a family member• Caregiver role strain • Four most common types of abuse– Neglect– Physical abuse– Financial abuse– Emotional abuse
(Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010)
![Page 25: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Health of the Older Adult:Neglect and Abuse
• Neglect– Caregiver does not provide for the elderly
person’s basic needs or ADLs– Intentional or non-intentional– Neglect occurs in half of all cases of elder abuse
• Physical abuse– Results in bodily injury, esp. the “bathing suit”
area (Ignatavicius & Workman,
2010)
![Page 26: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Health Care of the Older Adult:Neglect and Abuse
• Financial abuse– Property or other resources is mismanaged or
misused– More common than physical abuse
• Emotional abuse – Intentional use of threats, humiliation,
intimidation and isolation toward elderly individuals
– Accounts for one-third of all elder abuse
![Page 27: Health Care of Older Adults Some facts about the elderly – – Currently about 13% of the population – 50% to 80% of hospitalized individuals (med/surg)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d565503460f94a34abd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Health Care of the Older Adult: Neglect and Abuse
Every state requires (by law) that healthcare providers report suspected elder abuse