health consultation evaluation of contaminants in private residential well water pavillion, wyoming...

8/3/2019 Health Consultation Evaluation of Contaminants in Private Residential Well Water Pavillion, Wyoming by Centers fo

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RMYDNNDEG K\ESG@[MPC\ ZSRC\ISG@ ZDPC MZZCZZACGP

RMYDNNDEG. I\CAEGP JESGPT. [TEADGK

Zpmpcacgp ei Dzzscz

Eg Am|jf =4.


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dgyczpdkmpdegz dg pfc Rmydnndeg m|cm &=$' Dg cm|nt


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`|mdgz fmz lccg dgzpmnnc` pf|eskfesp pfc d||dkmpc` nmg`z eg pfc \czc|ympdeg pe fcnr adpdkmpc pfcr|elnca' Aezp ei pfc `|mdgz m|c jegzp|sjpc` dg sgjegzend`mpc` zs|imjc ampc|dmnz mg` m|c sgndgc`.

ze pfmp rc|jenmpdeg ei `|mdg {mpc| pe pfc k|esg`{mpc| ejjs|z' Ge zrcjdidj zps`t fmz dgyczpdkmpc`

pfc |cnmpdeg lcp{ccg k|esg` {mpc| }smndpt mg` d||dkmpdeg `|mdgmkc eg pfc \czc|ympdeg. fe{cyc|zps`dcz fmyc neehc` mp zs|imjc {mpc| }smndpt dg pfc d||dkmpdeg!`|mdgmkc ztzpca' Dp fmz lccg

|cre|pc` pfmp gsp|dcgpz. p|mjc acpmnz. mg` rczpdjd`cz {c|c `cpcjpc` dg {mpc| }smndpt zmarnczjenncjpc` i|ea d||dkmpdeg `|mdgz &9$'

Zcrpdj Ztzpcaz

Dg |s|mn m|cmz ei [teadgk. rcernc `crcg` sreg r|dympc zcrpdj ztzpcaz pe `dzrezc ei `eaczpdj

{mzpc{mpc| &;$' Zcrpdj ztzpcaz jmg jegp|dlspc pe pfc jegpmadgmpdeg ei k|esg`{mpc|. {fdjf jmg

|czsnp dg `dzcmzc espl|cmhz' Zcrpdj ztzpcaz jmg lc zes|jcz ei gdp|mpc mg` lmjpc|denekdjmnjegpmadgmpdeg' CRM fmz czpmlndzfc` m ncycn ei =2 adnndk|maz rc| ndpc| &ak%N$ ie| gdp|mpc ie|

rslndj {mpc| ztzpcaz' Gdp|mpc ncycnz dg r|dympc {mpc| mnze zfesn` lc lcne{ =2 ak%N'

Ft`|enekt ei pfc Zdpc

Pfc k|esg`{mpc| dg pfc Rmydndeg m|cm dz `cidgc` lt CRM mz mg sg`c|k|esg` zes|jc ei `|dghdgk{mpc|' Mz zsjf. pfc {mpc| }smndpt ei pfc k|esg`{mpc| dz repcgpdmnnt zsdpmlnc ie| fsamg

jegzsarpdeg' Zfmnne{ k|esg`{mpc| {cnnz. mrr|evdampcnt 32 iccp lcne{ pfc k|esg` zs|imjc.

mg` `ccrc| `|dghdgk {mpc| {cnnz. sr pe 622 iccp lcne{ pfc k|esg` zs|imjc. m|c js||cgpnt lcdgkszc` dg pfc Rmydnndeg m|cm &CRM8 Rc|zegmn jeaasgdjmpdeg8 6$'

Gegc ei pfc m}sdic|z js||cgpnt szc` ie| `|dghdgk {mpc| dg pfc [dg` \dyc| ie|ampdeg dg pfcRmydndeg m|cm m|c jearncpcnt jegidgc` e| dzenmpc` i|ea epfc| m}sdic|z' Pfdz jfm|mjpc|dzpdj

acmgz pfmp pfmp pfc {mpc| dg egc m}sdic| jmg ine{ pe mgepfc|' [cnn {mpc| }smndpt jmg lc miicjpc`

lt {mpc| i|ea p{e kcgc|mn zes|jcz' Zfmnne{ k|esg`{mpc| {cnnz |cjcdyc {mpc| i|ea pfc zs|imjc8ie| dgzpmgjc |mdg mg` d||dkmpdeg {mpc|. dg m``dpdeg pe {mpc|z i|ea k|esg`{mpc| ine{z' @ccrc|

{cnnz |cjcdyc {mpc| r|dam|dnt pf|eskf k|esg`{mpc| ine{z pfmp m|c gep |cnmpc` pe `d|cjp dgidnp|mpdegi|ea r|cjdrdpmpdeg e| d||dkmpdeg'

Pfc SZKZ fmz dg`djmpc` pfmp inee` d||dkmpdeg. m r|mjpdjc pfmp dz jeaaeg dg pfc Rmydnndeg m|cm. jmg

r|eyd`c {mpc| pe pfc zfmnne{ k|esg`{mpc| &3$' M gepmlnc zdpc!|cnmpc` jfm|mjpc|dzpdj ie| pfc

Rmydnndeg m|cm dz pfc r|czcgjc ei rdpz {fdjf jegpmdg e|kmgdj jfcadjmnz pfmp {c|c ncip i|ea ednmg` kmz r|e`sjpdeg {cnn mjpdydpdcz dg pfc m|cm' Zmarndgk |czsnpz dg`djmpc pfmp k|esg`{mpc|

jegpmadgmpdeg fmz ejjs||c` lt adk|mpdeg ei e|kmgdj jearesg`z i|ea rdp m|cmz dgpe pfc zfmnne{

k|esg`{mpc|' Dgie|ampdeg mlesp zes|jcz ei jegpmadgmpdeg ei pfc ccrc| {cnnz dg pfc m|cm dzndadpc`' Fe{cyc|. CRM fmz |cjcgpnt dgzpmnnc` p{e aegdpe|dgk {cnnz &sr pe =222 iccp `ccr$ pe

lcppc| mzzczz jegpmadgmgp darmjpz pe {mpc| }smndpt dg `ccrc| m}sdic|z &CRM8 Rc|zegmn

jeaasgdjmpdeg? 6$'

Js||cgpnt. pfc|c dz m yc|t ndadpc` sg`c|zpmg`dgk ei pfc k|esg`{mpc| ine{ &dgjns`dgk fe|degpmn

ine{ `d|cjpdegz. yc|pdjmn ine{ `d|cjpdeg. mg` pfc k|m`dcgp ei pfc ine{$ dg pfc Rmydnndeg m|cm' Pfcnmjh ei pfdz dare|pmgp dgie|ampdeg ndadpz pfc mldndpt pe r|c`djp pfc ycnejdpt mg` `d|cjpdeg ei

jegpmadgmgp aeycacgp mg` j|cmpcz jegzd`c|mlnc sgjc|pmdgpt dg es| sg`c|zpmg`dgk ei pfc zdpc

jfm|mjpc|dzpdjz. czrcjdmnnt pfc repcgpdmn ie| jegpmadgmpdeg ei pfc r|dympc {cnnz lt pfcjegpmadgmpc` k|esg`{mpc|'

0


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Cgyd|egacgpmn @mpm

CRM \ckdeg 6 fmz jeg`sjpc` p{e zmarndgk |esg`z ei asgdjdrmn. `eaczpdj mg` k|esg`{mpc|

aegdpe|dgk {cnnz' Pfdz jegzsnpmpdeg cymnsmpcz pfc rslndj fcmnpf darndjmpdegz ei dgkczpdeg mg`

dgfmnmpdeg ei pfc jfcadjmnz d`cgpdidc` dg |czd`cgpdmn {cnnz lt CRM \ckdeg 6 mz rm|p ei dpzdgyczpdkmpdeg ei k|esg`{mpc| jegpmadgmpdeg dg pfc Rmydnndeg m|cm'

@dzjszzdeg

Cgyd|egacgpmn @mpm

Dg Am|jf lspevtcpfmgen rfezrfmpc$. lspevtcpftn$ rfezrfmpc {c|c `cpcjpc`' Pfc r|czcgjc ei acpfmgc. `dczcn |mgkc e|kmgdjz &@\E$.mg` jmr|enmjpma dg zeac `|dghdgk mg` zpejh {mpc| zsrrndcz {mz mnze jegid|ac`'

Pfc mgmntpdjmn |czsnpz ei pfc IZD mg` CZD zmarndgk |esg`z ie| pfc aegdpe|dgk {cnnz mg` pfc

r|dympc {cnnz m|c dgjns`c` dg Mrrcg`dv @ mg` C' [fdnc zeac ei pfc mgmntpdj |czsnpz fm` `mpm pfmp{c|c }smndidc` ie| ym|desz |cmzegz. pfc inmkkc` `mpm {c|c jm|cisnnt cvmadgc` lt CRM mg`

`cpc|adgc` pe lc ymnd`' M``dpdegmn dgie|ampdeg eg pfc `mpm }smndidjmpdegz jmg lc iesg` dg CRMz

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Mgmntpdjmn \czsnpz \cre|p &=$' Pfc {mpc| zmarncz {c|c mgmntc` ie| yenmpdnc jearesg`z.rczpdjd`cz. zcad!yenmpdnc jearesg`z. rcp|encsa ft`|ejm|legz. lmjpc|dm mg` dge|kmgdj degz'

MPZ@\ jearm|c` pfc ncycnz ei jearesg`z pe mymdnmlnc jearm|dzeg ymnscz &JYz$' Fcmnpf JYz

{c|c szc` pe d`cgpdit jegpmadgmgpz {fdjf zfesn` lc is|pfc| cymnsmpc` ie| pfcd| repcgpdmn per|e`sjc m`yc|zc fcmnpf ciicjpz &d'c' di m jearesg` {mz `cpcjpc` mp m ncycn mleyc pfc JY. dp {esn`

lc jegzd`c|c` m jearesg` ei jegjc|g$' Pfc ienne{dgk JYz {c|c spdndc` mg` m|c `cidgc` dg pfc

Knezzm|t &Mrrcg`dv J$' Pfc `mpm {mz zj|ccgc` mkmdgzp ymnscz ie| pfc aezp zcgzdpdyc |cjcrpe|. mjfdn`'

Cgyd|egacgpmn Ac`dm Cymnsmpdeg Ksd`c &CACK$

\cic|cgjc Ac`dm Cymnsmpdeg Ksd`c &\ACK$

Jmgjc| \dzh Cymnsmpdeg Ksd`c &J\CK$

Amvdasa Jegpmadgmgp Ncycn & AJN$

Amvdasa Jegpmadgmgp Ncycn Kemn &AJNK$

Ndicpdac Fcmnpf M`ydze|t &NPFM$

Adggczepm Pepmn Rcp|encsa Ft`|ejm|leg Ymnsc &AG PRF$

CRM R|eydzdegmn Rcc| \cydc{c` Pevdjdpt Ymnscz &CRM RR\PY$

CRM Zcjeg`m|t Amvdasa Jegpmadgmgp Ncycnz &ZAJN$

Jearesg`z ei jegjc|g mg` jearesg`z {fdjf `d` gep fmyc cvdzpdgk JYz {c|c cvmadgc` dg

k|cmpc| `cpmdn' Pfdz |cydc{ dgjns`c` mg mgmntzdz ei pfc zrcjdidj cvrezs|c zjcgm|de mg` m |cydc{ ei

mymdnmlnc zjdcgpdidj ndpc|mps|c pe `cpc|adgc {fcpfc| e| gep cvrezs|c pe pfc jegpmadgmgp |cr|czcgpzm rslndj fcmnpf dzzsc' Lcjmszc JYz m|c lmzc` eg jegzc|ympdyc mzzsarpdegz. pfc r|czcgjc ei

jegjcgp|mpdegz k|cmpc| pfmg m JY `ecz gep gcjczzm|dnt dg`djmpc pfmp m`yc|zc fcmnpf ciicjpz {dnn

ejjs| dg cvrezc` rersnmpdegz' Pfc `mpm {mz zj|ccgc` ie| pfc aezp zcgzdpdyc |cjcrpe|. m jfdn`'

Aegdpe|dgk [cnnz

CRM zmarnc` : zfmnne{ k|esg`{mpc| &mrr|evdampcnt =2!=3 dg `crpf$ aegdpe|dgk {cnnz dg pfc

m|cm ei dgyczpdkmpdeg gcm| : edn mg` kmz {cnn rdp zdpcz' Pfc aegdpe|dgk {cnn `mpm {mz zj|ccgc`

mkmdgzp JYz zdgjc pfc k|esg`{mpc| jesn` repcgpdmnnt r|eyd`c m zes|jc ei {mpc| ie| r|dympc {cnnz'Pfc k|esg`{mpc| i|ea pfc : rdp zdpc aegdpe|dgk {cnnz dz fdkfnt jegpmadgmpc`' Zdkgdidjmgp

}smgpdpdcz ei rcp|encsa ft`|ejm|legz {c|c d`cgpdidc` dg pfczc {cnnz' Pepmn Rcp|encsa

Ft`|ejm|leg &PRF$ mz `dczcn |mgkc e|kmgdjz &@\E$ mg` kmzendgc |mgkc e|kmgdjz &K\E$ {c|c

acmzs|c` dg mnn pf|cc {cnnz {dpf amvdasa ymnscz ei 9


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M|zcgdj {mz `cpcjpc` dg m |mgkc ei :'9!0='6 k%N dg mnn : {cnnz. {fdjf cvjcc`c` pfc JY ei :k%N &Jf|egdj CACK$' Jmnjdsa {mz `cpcjpc` dg m |mgkc ei =32.222!::;.222 k%N' Pfc|c {mz

ge JY ie| jmnjdsa' Jfne|d`c {mz `cpcjpc` dg m |mgkc ei :322!


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ZAJN

jtjnefcvmgc 96!=02 =.222

Mjpdeg

Ncycn

Ge :%:

`dczcn |mgkc e|kmgdjz 9:6!9Jearesg` Adg!Amv&k%N$

acpfmgc :9=!;26

cpfmgc


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R|dympc [cnn zmarndgk \czsnpz

CRM zmarnc` 0= r|dympc {cnnz &Pmlnc :$ &mrr|evdampcnt 32!622 iccp dg `crpf$ dg pfc m|cm eidgyczpdkmpdeg' Pfc r|dympc {cnn zmarndgk |czsnpz ie| pfc IZD mg` CZD {c|c zj|ccgc` mkmdgzp

jearm|dzeg ymnscz mg` lmjhk|esg` jegjcgp|mpdegz ie| pfc [dg` \dyc| Ie|ampdeg'

Rcp|ejfcadjmnz. ie|ac|nt d`cgpdidc` PDJz. acpfmgc mg` epfc| ft`|ejm|legz. zsnimpcz. mg` ze`dsamz iesg` dg pfc aegdpe|dgk {cnnz {c|c `cpcjpc` dg pfc r|dympc {cnnz' Pmlnc : d`cgpdidcz pfc

jearesg`z {fdjf cvjcc`c` pfcd| |czrcjpdyc jearm|dzeg ymnscz. lmjhk|esg` jegjcgp|mpdegz. e|

jearesg`z {fdjf fmyc ge fcmnpf jearm|dzeg ymnscz dg r|dympc {cnnz'

Pmlnc :? Jegpmadgmgpz @cpcjpc` dg R|dympc [cnnz? IZD mg` CZD Zmarndgk [fdjf Cvjcc` JYz e| Ge

JY dz Mymdnmlnc mg`%e| Cvjcc` Lmjhk|esg` Jegjcgp|mpdegz'

Jearesg`

CRM AJNz

k%N

JY &k%N$//

[dg` \dyc|

Ie|ampdeg.

I|caegp Jesgpt.

[T

K|esg`{mpc|*

Lmjhk|esg`

Jegjcgp|mpdegz

&k%N$

Rmydnndeg

[cnn

\czsnpz

\mgkc

&k%N$

Gsalc|

ei {cnnz

{dpf

@cpcjpz

Cvjcc`

JY

Cvjcc`

LHK

=.: `dacpftn

m`mamgpmgc

gegc gegc2':9!='6= 0

0!jfne|e!:!

acpftnrfcgen

gegc gegc2'=4 =

=.=.

=.p|dins|ecpfmgc

:22.222

Jf|egdj \ACK

jfdn`

2':6 = ge

m`mamgpmgc gegc gegc 2'


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J\CK!:

`dczcn |mgkc

e|kmgdjz

gegc

=22!0.422 =2!= 2'=

626'2

6

gdp|mpcz =2.222 32!=22.222 322!

0:.922

=3 tcz ge

rcgpmgcz gegc gegc =':!=='2 3repmzzdsa gegc >=22!=9.222 0=;'2!

6.442'2

=2

r|ermgc gegc gegc 3'6 =

ze`dsa


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* @mpm i|ea SZKZ &Sgdpc` Zpmpcz Kcenekdjmn Zs|yct$ =443' [mpc| \czes|jcz ei I|caegp Jesgpt.

[teadgk' [mpc|!\czes|jcz Dgyczpdkmpdegz \cre|p 43!0243' @mpm ie| [dg` \dyc| Ie|ampdeg &ym|desz

zmarndgk cycgpz lcp{ccg =46; mg` =44

mg` =30 k%N' K\E {mz `cpcjpc` dg p{e {cnnz mp pfc jegjcgp|mpdeg ei

{cnnz {dpf m jegjcgp|mpdeg |mgkc ei 2'


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Zcncgdsa {mz `cpcjpc` dg ncycnz |mgkdgk i|ea 2'46!9;': k%N' Pfc fdkfczp ncycn cvjcc`c` pfcJf|egdj CACK ei 32 k%N' Amgt ei pfc ze`dsa ncycnz `cpcjpc` dg pfc {cnnz cvjcc`c` pfc

CRM ZAJN ei

r|ermgcz 3'6

lspmgcz :'=!=32 pe =22.222 k%N &=0$'

Ncycnz ei gdp|mpc mp mrr|evdampcnt 32 ak%N fmyc lccg mzzejdmpc` {dpf m jeg`dpdeg hge{g mz

acpfmcaekneldgcadm. m `cj|cmzc` mldndpt pe jm||t evtkcg dg pfc lnee`' Gdp|mpcz dg {mpc| m|c eirm|pdjsnm| zdkgdidjmgjc ie| dgimgpz. lcjmszc pfct amt lc cvjnszdycnt ic` {dpf ie|asnm pfmp dz

|cjegzpdpspc` {dpf {mpc| i|ea m zdgknc zes|jc'

Pfc fdkfczp ncycn ei gdp|mpc dg pfc Rmydnndeg m|cm {cnnz {mz 0:'3 ak%N' Pfdz ncycn ei gdp|mpc dz

czzcgpdmnnt c}smn pe pfc GEMCN `c|dyc` lt pfc CRM &


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Ze`dsa {mz `cpcjpc` dg 0= {cnnz' Aezp ei pfc ze`dsa ncycnz iesg` dg pfc `|dghdgk {mpc| {cnnz eipfdz zps`t m|c mp mrr|evdampcnt =22!


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lcne{ m pfmnndsa `ezc &dg mgdamnz$ pfmp dz mzzejdmpc` {dpf m`yc|zc fcmnpf ciicjpz. mg` dz sgndhcntpe r|e`sjc fcmnpf ciicjpz dg fsamgz'

Pepmn Rcp|encsa Ft`|ejm|legz &PRF. @\E. K\E$

Rcp|encsa jegzpdpscgpz m|c gep jeaaeg jegpmadgmgpz dg k|esg`{mpc| szc` mz m `|dghdgk {mpc|zsrrnt &4$' P{cgpt {cnnz dg pfc Rmydnndeg m|cm jegpmdgc` rcp|encsa r|e`sjpz &cdpfc| PRF. @\E.

e| K\E$' Egc ie|ac|nt spdndc` `|dghdgk {mpc| {cnn fm` rcp|encsa r|e`sjpz mp jegjcgp|mpdegz

&632 k%N @\E mg` =:22 k%N PRF$ k|cmpc| pfmg pfc fcmnpf jearm|dzeg ymnsc &


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jfm|mjpc|dmpdeg ei pfc zrcjdidj rcp|encsa jegzpdpscgpz dg pfc Rmydnndeg m|cm {cnnz dz m amoe| `mpmkmr' Pfdz `mpm kmr zcyc|cnt ndadpz es| mldndpt pe mzjc|pmdg geg!jmgjc| e| jmgjc| |dzhz rezc` lt

rcp|encsa ft`|ejm|legz' Jegzpdpscgp mgmntzdz dz gcc`c` pe md` pfc mzzczzacgp ei fcmnpf |dzhz

mzzejdmpc` {dpf pfc Rmydnndeg m|cm {cnn {mpc|'

Ymgm`dsa

Ymgm`dsa dz m {d`cnt `dzp|dlspc` gmps|mnnt ejjs||dgk cncacgp pfmp dz iesg` dg ae|c pfmg 32`diic|cgp adgc|mnz mg` dg mzzejdmpdeg {dpf iezzdn iscnz & 0': k%N &=4$'

Ymgm`dsa {mz iesg` dg aezp ei pfc Rmydnndeg m|cm {cnnz {dpf pfc fdkfczp ncycn mp 0


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Egc 0%0= Egc ei pfc ienne{dgk? Ze`dsa. Inse|d`c

P{e =;%0= Ze`dsa. Zsnimpc

Pf|cc =9%0= Pf|cc ei pfc ienne{dgk? Ze`dsa. Zsnimpc. Amkgczdsa.

Inse|d`c. D|eg

Ies|


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Cycg pfeskf zeac ei pfc mgmntpdjmn `mpm {c|c }smndidc` e| inmkkc`. CRM jm|cisnntcvmadgc` pfc `mpm mg` `cpc|adgc` dp pe lc ymnd`'

Eè| jegjc|gz cvr|czzc` lt jdpdcgz fmyc gep lccg m``|czzc`'

Jegjnszdegz \cnmpc` pe [cnn [mpc| Jegpmadgmgpz Lmzc` eg Js||cgp Zmarndgk

Mgmntzdz ei js||cgp {cnn `mpm dg`djmpcz pfmp cvrezs|c pe zeac ei pfc jegpmadgmgpz iesg` dg pfc

{cnn {mpc| jesn` |czsnp dg fcmnpf ciicjpz' Zrcjdidjmnnt. MPZ@\ jegjns`c` pfmp?

K|esg`{mpc| aegdpe|dgk {cnnz mg` m ie|ac|nt spdndc` `|dghdgk {mpc| {cnn m|cjegpmadgmpc` {dpf rcp|encsa ft`|ejm|legz &Pepmn Rcp|encsa Ft`|ejm|legz!PRF$ mp

ncycnz {fdjf cvjcc` jearm|dzeg ymnscz'

Gdgcpccg |czd`cgpdmn {cnnz szc` ie| `|dghdgk {mpc| jegpmdgc` PRF &PRF. @\E. e| K\E$

lcne{ pfc AG PRF Ymnscz e| CRM RR\PY'

PRF mp m ncycn lcne{ pfc AG PRF e| CRM RR\PY fmz lccg `cpcjpc` dg m {cnn {fdjf

zsrrndc` |m{ {mpc| pe pfc Rmydnndeg asgdjdrmn {mpc| rnmgp' Pfc mymdnmlnc `mpm `czj|dldgk pfc PRF jearegcgpz dg pfc Rmydnndeg m|cm {cnn {mpc| m|c

gep m`c}smpc pe mzzczz pfc repcgpdmn fcmnpf ciicjpz pfmp jesn` lc mzzejdmpc` {dpf cvrezs|cz

pe pfc dg`dyd`smn jearegcgpz'

Acpfmgc mg` epfc| ndkfp kmzcz mzzejdmpc` {dpf rcp|encsa jegpmadgmgpz {c|c `cpcjpc` dg{cnn {mpc| mg` aegdpe|dgk {cnnz' Mjpsmn ncycnz ei pfc kmzcz amt lc fdkfc| pfmg |cre|pc`.

kdycg pfc nezz ei pfczc jearesg`z `s|dgk rs|kdgk' Pfc repcgpdmn ie| mg cvrnezdyc fmm|`

mzzejdmpc` {dpf pfczc kmzcz fmz gep lccg {cnn jfm|mjpc|dc`'

Dg pfc ie|ac|nt spdndc` `|dghdgk {mpc| {cnn. ncm` ncycnz cvjcc`c` pfc CRM AJN'Jegzsarpdeg ei pfc {cnn {mpc| jesn` fmyc |czsnpc` dg dgj|cmzcz dg lnee` ncm` ncycnz ie|

|czd`cgpz jegzsadgk pfc {mpc|'

Amkgczdsa ncycnz dg zeac ei pfc {cnnz jesn` |czsnp dg kmzp|edgpczpdgmn srzcp ie| jfdn`|cgjegzsadgk pfc {mpc|'

Ze`dsa dg amgt ei pfc `|dghdgk {cnnz dz mp ncycnz pfmp amt lc ei jegjc|g ie| dg`dyd`smnz

pfmp aszp jegp|en pfcd| zmnp dgpmhc'

D|eg ncycnz dg zeac ei pfc {cnnz jesn` lc mzzejdmpc` {dpf kmzp|edgpczpdgmn zp|czz ie|rc|zegz {fe m|c js||cgpnt pmhdgk d|eg zsrrncacgpz'

Jegzsarpdeg ei m|zcgdj `cpcjpc` dg m {cnn `s|dgk egc zmarndgk |esg` jesn` ncm` pekmzp|edgpczpdgmn d||dpmpdeg' Pfc m|zcgdj ncycn dg pfc zmac {cnn. {fcg zmarnc` mp m nmpc|

`mpc. {mz lcne{ m ncycn ei jegjc|g'

Gdp|mpcz cvdzp mp ncycnz dg zeac {cnnz {fc|c r|s`cgp rslndj fcmnpf r|mjpdjc {esn` zskkczp

ndadpdgk szmkc mz m `|dghdgk {mpc| zes|jc ie| dgimgpz mg` jfdn`|cg'

Zsnimpc ejjs|z mp ncycnz pfmp jesn` kcgc|mpc elocjpdegmlnc eè|z mg` kmzp|edgpczpdgmn zp|czz

Fcpc|p|erfdj. d|eg!|c`sjdgk. mg` zsnis| |c`sjdgk lmjpc|dm {c|c `cpcjpc` dg zeac {cnnz'

Ncycnz ei FRJ lmjpc|dm m|c gep hge{g pe lc mzzejdmpc` {dpf dnngczz dg fsamgz' Pfcr|czcgjc ei d|eg mg` zsnis| lmjpc|dm amt lc mzzejdmpc` {dpf eè| mg` iesn pmzpc ei pfc

{mpc|'

Lmzc` eg mymdnmlnc `mpm. dgfmnmpdeg ei YEJz i|ea zfe{c|dgk ècz gep mrrcm| pe rezc mfcmnpf fmm|`'


27/46

Pfc|c dz m nmjh ei pevdjenekdjmn dgie|ampdeg eg zcyc|mn jearesg`z d`cgpdidc` dg `|dghdgk{mpc|. zrcjdidjmnnt m`mamgpmgc mg` =.:!`dacpftn m`mamgpmgc'

'

\CJEAACG@MPDEGZ

Kdycg pfc ndadpc` sg`c|zpmg`dgk ei pfc dgpc|jeggcjpdeg ei r|dympc {cnnz {dpf fdkfnt jegpmadgmpc`

k|esg`{mpc|. pfc ndadpc` aegdpe|dgk `mpm eg pfc r|dympc `|dghdgk {mpc| {cnnz. pfc r|czcgjc ei

rcp|ejfcadjmn jegzpdpscgpz mg` PDJz dg pfc {cnn {mpc|. pfc repcgpdmn ie| cvrnezdyc fmm|`z. mg`pfc cncympc` zmnp ncycnz dg pfc {cnn {mpc|. MPZ@\ |cjeaacg`z?

Rmydnndeg |czd`cgpz zfesn` szc mnpc|gmpc e| p|cmpc` {mpc| zsrrndcz &pfmp fmyc lccg`caegzp|mpc` pe lc jncmg rezp!p|cmpacgp$ mz pfcd| zes|jc ei `|dghdgk {mpc|'

Sgpdn negk pc|a zenspdegz m|c iesg` ie| adpdkmpdgk {mpc| }smndpt dzzscz. m aegdpe|dgkr|ek|ma ie| pfc èaczpdj {cnnz zfesn` lc czpmlndzfc`'

Mnn r|dympc {cnnz dg pfc m|cm zfesn` lc d`cgpdidc` mg` zmarnc`'

Zmarndgk ei pfc idgdzfc` {mpc| mp pfc Rmydnndeg asgdjdrmn {cnnz zfesn` lc jeg`sjpc`'

Pfc k|esg`{mpc| mg` jeggcjpdydpt pe r|dympc {cnnz gcc`z pe lc lcppc| jfm|mjpc|dc`'

Pfc jegzpdpscgpz ei pfc PRF zfesn` lc jfm|mjpc|dc` pe dar|eyc MPZ@\z mldndpt pemzzczz fcmnpf |dzhz i|ea jegzsarpdeg ei pfc {mpc|'

M `d|cjp acmzs|cacgp ei kmz rfmzc ft`|ejm|leg mjjsasnmpdeg dg `|dghdgk {mpc| {cnnz

zfesn` lc jeg`sjpc` pe mzzczz pfc |dzh ei mg cvrnezdyc fmm|`'

Sgpdn pfc repcgpdmn cvrnezdyc fmm|` dz jfm|mjpc|dc`. |czd`cgpz zfesn` ycgpdnmpc pfcd|

lmpf|eeaz {fcg pfct zfe{c|'

M Pf|czfen` Eè| Gsalc| &PEG$ pczp zfesn` lc jeg`sjpc` pe r|eyd`c mg elocjpdyc

lcgjfam|h ie| cymnsmpdeg ei |czd`cgp jegjc|gz mlesp eè|' Pevdjdpt `mpm zfesn` lc `cycnerc` ie| PDJz dgjns`dgk m`mamgpmgc mg` =.:!`dacpftn

m`mamgpmgc'

LCZP RSLNDJ FCMNPF R\MJPDJCZ

MPZ@\ fmz d`cgpdidc` pfc ienne{dgk lczp rslndj fcmnpf r|mjpdjc ie| |czd`cgpz?

\czd`cgpz {fe m|c js||cgpnt `|dghdgk leppnc` {mpc| zfesn` jegpdgsc pe è ze. sgpdn

mnpc|gmpdyc {mpc| zsrrndcz m|c r|eyd`c`'

Idnp|mpdeg ztzpcaz fmyc pfc repcgpdmn pe zdkgdidjmgpnt |c`sjc jearesg`z ei jegjc|gz dg{cnn {mpc|' [fenc!feszc ztzpcaz m|c r|cic||c` pe redgp ei szc ztzpcaz' Pczpdgk ei pfc

p|cmpc` {mpc| zfesn` lc jeg`sjpc` pe yc|dit pfc mlzcgjc ei jegpmadgmpdeg' [fdnc lmpfdgk e| zfe{c|dgk. ycgpdnmpc pfc lmpf|eea' Ycgpdnmpdeg jmg lc mjfdcyc` {dpf

ycgpdnmpdeg imgz. ercgdgk m èe| `s|dgk jen`c| aegpfz. mg` ercgdgk m {dgè{ `s|dgk{m|ac| aegpfz'

\czd`cgpz zfesn` ycgp {cnnz mp pfc {cnn fcm` pe r|cycgp pfc mjjsasnmpdeg ei acpfmgc dgrnsaldgk {fdjf {esn` |c`sjc pfc |dzhz ei mg cvrnezdyc fmm|`'

Zes|jcz ei dkgdpdeg dg mgt cgjnezc` m|cmz zfesn` lc myed`c`'


28/46

Dgzpmnnmpdeg ei jealszpdlnc kmz acpc|z zfesn` lc jegzd`c|c`'

Jealszpdlnc kmz aegdpe|dgk zfesn` lc `dzjszzc` {dpf pfc nejmn id|c `crm|pacgp'

Rslndj Fcmnpf Mjpdeg Rnmg

MPZ@\ {dnn jegpdgsc pe zsrre|p pfc Rmydnndeg jeaasgdpt. lt?

=$ [e|hdgk {dpf pfc Rmydnndeg jeaasgdpt. pfc nejmn {mpc| `dzp|djp. mg` nejmn mg` zpmpc fcmnpfeiidjcz pe r|eyd`c fcmnpf dgie|ampdeg mlesp k|esg`{mpc| mg` r|dympc {cnn {mpc| }smndpt.

mz gcc`c`'


29/46

R|crm|c|z ei pfc \cre|p

@myd` @e|dmg. AZCgyd|egacgpmn Fcmnpf ZjdcgpdzpEiidjc ei \ckdegmn Erc|mpdegz. \ckdeg 6

MPZ@\

@mgm \eldzeg. ARFCgyd|egacgpmn Fcmnpf Zjdcgpdzp

MPZ@\

\cydc{c|z ei pfc \cre|p

Pdgm Ie||czpc|. Rf@@d|cjpe|@dydzdeg ei \ckdegmn Erc|mpdegz

MPZ@\

Jncacgp [cnzf. Rf@@crspt @d|cjpe|@dydzdeg ei \ckdegmn Erc|mpdegz

MPZ@\


30/46

\cic|cgjcz

=$ SZCRM' Mskszp

;$ [teadgk @crm|pacgp ei Cgyd|egacgpmn ]smndpt {clzdpc' fppr?% {{{' `c}'zpmpc'{t'sz%k|esg`{mpc|%{cnnfcm`zcrpdj'

6$ Rc|zegmn jeaasgdjmpdeg {dpf CRM. Mskszp

=:$ Pfc Gmpdegmn Mjm`cadcz' Dgzpdpspc ei Ac`djdgc' Iee` mg` Gsp|dpdeg Lem|`' =44;' @dcpm|t\cic|cgjc Dgpmhcz ie| Jmnjdsa. Rfezrfe|sz. Amkgczdsa. Ydpmadg @. mg` Inse|d`c&fppr?%%{{{'gmr'c`s%ercgleeh'rfr5|cje|`Ud`13;;9$

:2
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5776http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5776http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5776http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5776http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5776http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5776


31/46

=0$ SZKZ' =443' [mpc| \czes|jcz ei I|caegp Jesgpt. [teadgk' [mpc|!\czes|jczDgyczpdkmpdegz \cre|p 43!0243' &@mpm ie| [dg` \dyc| Ie|ampdeg8 ym|desz zmarndgk cycgpz

lcp{ccg =46; mg` =44


32/46

:


33/46

MRRCG@DV M? M\CM A MR

::


34/46

MRRCG@DV L? AM R EI CRM CZD ZMARNC NEJM PDEGZ

:0


35/46

MRRCG@DV J? KNEZZM\T

M`c}smpc Dgpmhc &MD$ Pfc |cjeaacg`c` myc|mkc `mdnt dgpmhc ncycn lmzc` eg elzc|yc` e|

cvrc|dacgpmnnt `cpc|adgc` mrr|evdampdegz e| czpdampcz ei gsp|dcgp dgpmhc lt m k|esr &e| k|esrz$

ei mrrm|cgpnt fcmnpft rcernc pfmp m|c mzzsac` pe lc m`c}smpcszc` {fcg mg \@M jmggep lc

`cpc|adgc`'

Jmgjc| \dzh Ksd`c! J\CK! J\CKz m|c czpdampc` jegpmadgmgp jegjcgp|mpdegz pfmp {esn` lc

cvrcjpc` pe jmszc ge ae|c pfmg egc cvjczz jmgjc| dg m adnndeg rc|zegz cvrezc` `s|dgk m ndicpdac&;2 tcm|z$' J\CKz m|c jmnjsnmpc` eg CRMz jmgjc| znerc imjpe|z ie| e|mn cvrezs|cz e| ie| sgdp

|dzh eg dgfmnmpdeg cvrezs|cz'

Jenegt Ie|adgk Sgdpz! JISz!Sgdp ei acmzs|cacgp ie| ydmlnc lmjpc|dm gsalc|z'

Jearm|dzeg ymnscz!JYz! Cgyd|egacgpmn jegpmadgmgp jegjcgp|mpdegz spdndc` pe zj|ccgcgyd|egacgpmn `mpm'

Cgyd|egacgpmn Ac`dm Cymnsmpdeg Ksd`cndgc!CACK! CACKz m|c czpdampc` jegpmadgmgpjegjcgp|mpdegz pfmp m|c gep cvrcjpc` pe |czsnp eg m`yc|zc fcmnpf ciicjpz lmzc` eg MPZ@\

cymnsmpdeg' CACKz m|c lmzc` eg MPZ@\z Adgdamn \dzh Ncycnz & A\Nz$ mg` jegzc|ympdyc

mzzsarpdegz mlesp cvrezs|c. zsjf mz dgpmhc |mpc. cvrezs|c i|c}scgjt. `s|mpdeg mg` le`t {cdkfp'

CRM Fcmnpf Lmzc` Ymnsc!CRM FLY! ! Pfc jegjcgp|mpdeg ei m k|esg`{mpc| jegpmadgmgp pfmp

jmg lc jegzsac` `mdnt {dpf ndppnc e| ge |dzh pe fcmnpf' FLYz fmyc gep lccg r|easnkmpc` mz |sncz

mg` fmyc gep sg`c|kegc rcc| |cydc{'

CRM R|eydzdegmn Rcc| \cydc{c` Pevdjdpt Ymnsc!RR\PY! M pevdjdpt ymnsc `c|dyc` ie| szc dg

Zsrc|isg` R|ek|ma {fcg zsjf m ymnsc dz gep mymdnmlnc dg CRMz Dgpck|mpc` \dzh Dgie|ampdeg

Ztzpca &D\DZ$'

CRM Zcjeg`m|t Amvdasa Jegpmadgmgp Ncycn! ZAJN! M geg! cgie|jcmlnc ksd`cndgc

|cksnmpdgk jegpmadgmgpz pfmp amt jmszc jezacpdj ciicjpz e| mczpfcpdj ciicjpz &pmzpc. jene|. e`e|$'

Cvrmg`c` Zdpc Dgyczpdkmpdeg &CZD$M zdpc dgyczpdkmpdeg pfmp ejjs|z di pfc Iejszc` ZdpcDgyczpdkmpdeg dg`djmpcz pfmp m pf|cmp cvdzpz lsp dz gep daac`dmpc'

Iejszc` Zdpc Dgyczpdkmpdeg &IZD$ M zdpc dgyczpdkmpdeg jeg`sjpc` lt CRM'

Ndicpdac Fcmnpf M`ydze|t NPFM! Pfc jegjcgp|mpdeg ei m jfcadjmn dg |dghdgk {mpc|. pfmp dz

gep cvrcjpc` pe jmszc mgt m`yc|zc geg!jm|jdgekcgdj ciicjpz ie| m ndic pdac ei cvrezs|c mg` dz

lmzc` eg m ;2 hdnek|ma m`snp jegzsadgk egc ndpc| ei {mpc| rc| `mt'

Ne{czp Elzc|yc` M`yc|zc Ciicjp Ncycn &NEMCN$ Pfc ne{czp pczpc` `ezc ei m zslzpmgjc pfmp

fmz lccg |cre|pc` pe jmszc fm|aisn &m`yc|zc$ fcmnpf ciicjpz dg rcernc e| mgdamnz'

Ne{c| Cvrnezdyc Ndadp &NCN$ Pfc jegjcgp|mpdeg mleyc {fdjf mg cvrnezdeg ei m jealszpdlnc

kmz jmg pmhc rnmjc'

:3


36/46

Amvdasa Jegpmadgmgp Ncycn! CRMz AJN dz pfc fdkfczp ncycn ei m jegpmadgmgp pfmp dzmnne{c` dg `|dghdgk {mpc|'

Amvdasa Jegpmadgmgp Ncycn Kemn! CRMz AJNK dz pfc ncycn ei m jegpmadgmgp dg `|dghdgk

{mpc| lcne{ {fdjf pfc|c dz ge cvrcjpc` |dzh pe fcmnpf'

Adgdamn \dzh Ncycn &A\N$ Mg MPZ@\ czpdampc ei `mdnt fsamg cvrezs|c pe m fmm|`eszzslzpmgjc mp e| lcne{ {fdjf pfmp zslzpmgjc dz sgndhcnt pe rezc m acmzs|mlnc |dzh ei fm|aisn

&m`yc|zc$. gegjmgjc|esz ciicjpz' A\Nz m|c jmnjsnmpc` ie| m |espc ei cvrezs|c &dgfmnmpdeg e| e|mn$

eyc| m zrcjdidc` pdac rc|de` &mjspc. dgpc|ac`dmpc. e| jf|egdj$' A\Nz zfesn` gep lc szc` mz

r|c`djpe|z ei fm|aisn &m`yc|zc$ fcmnpf ciicjpz'

Adj|ek|ma rc| jsldj acpc| &k%a:$ M acmzs|c ei pfc jegjcgp|mpdeg ei m jfcadjmn dg m

hge{g yensac &m jsldj acpc|$ ei md|'

Adnndndpc| &aN$ Egc pfeszmg`pf ei m ndpc|'

Adggczepm Pepmn Rcp|encsa Ft`|ejm|leg Ymnsc &AG PRF$ Pfc Pepmn Rcp|encsa

Ft`|ejm|leg ymnsc `c|dyc` lt pfc zpmpc ei Adggczepm. mleyc {fdjf fcmnpf ciicjpz amt ejjs|'

Adj|ek|ma rc| jsldj acpc|! k%a:

Adj|ek|maz rc| ndpc|! k%N e| rm|pz rc| ldnndeg'

Adggczepm Pepmn Rcp|encsa Ft`|ejm|leg Ymnsc &AG PRF$! Adggczepm fcmnpf zj|ccgdgkymnsc ie| PRF dg {mpc| !


37/46

MRRCG@DV @ ' Jearesg`z @cpcjpc` dg Zfmnne{ K|esg`{mpc| Aegdpe|dgk [cnnz

Jearesg`

\czsnp \mgkc

&Adgdasa pe

Amvdasa$

&k%N$

Jearm|dzeg

Ymnsc &JY$

&k%N$

Zes|jcCvjcc`

JY

Aegdpe|dgk

[cnnz {dpf

Jegpmadgmgp

=.= ldrfcgtn 2';9!= gegc :%:=.

pc|p lsptn lcgcgc ='9!4'96 gegc :%:

jmnjdsa

=32.222!

::;.222 gegc

amkgczdsa


38/46

Jearesg`

\czsnp \mgkc

&Adgdasa pe

Amvdasa$&k%N$

Jearm|dzeg

Ymnsc &JY$

&k%N$

Zes|jcCvjcc`

JY

Aegdpe|dgk

[cnnz {dpf

Jegpmadgmgp

acpftn jtjnefcvmgc 39!=02 =222 Mjpdeg Ncycn ge :%:

gmrfpfmncgc

Dgpc|ac`dmpc jfdn`

CACK

ge :%:

gdjhcn ='4!


39/46

Mrrcg`dv C' Jegpmadgmgpz @cpcjpc` dg R|dympc [cnnz? CZD Zmarndgk mg` Lmjhk|esg` Dge|kmgdj

Jegjcgp|mpdegz dg [dg` \dyc| Ie|ampdeg. I|caegp Jesgpt. [teadgk K|esg`{mpc| &SZKZ =443$'

Jearesg`

CRM

AJN%Z

AJN/

&k%N$

JY

&k%N$//

[dg`

\dyc|Ie|ampdeg

. I|caegp

Jesgpt.

[T

K|esg`{m

pc|* &k%N$

[cnnz

\czsnp

\mgkc

&k%N$

Rfmzc =

Ge' ei@cpcjpz

dg {cnnz

Rfmzc =

&:3

{cnnz$

Cvjcc`

JY

Rfmzc

=

Cvjcc`

LHK

mnsadgsa

32!=2!=2

< ge

jm`adsa 3 < Jf|egdj

CACK jfdn`

02!:62 2'

jtmgd`c

`d &

cpftnfcvtn$

rfpfmnmpc

9 922 Jf|egdj

CACK

2'34!9'0 3 ge

`dczcn |mgkc

e|kmgdjz

gegc

=2 ge

`dcpftn fcvtn

rfpfmnmpc

gegc 92.222

Dgpc|ac`dmpc

CACK

2'34!4'62 =3 ge

inse|d`c 0.222 0.222

CRM AJN

>=22!0.422


40/46

Jearesg`

CRM

AJN%Z

AJN/

&k%N$

JY

&k%N$//

[dg`

\dyc|

Ie|ampdeg

. I|caegp

Jesgpt.

[T

K|esg`{m

pc|* &k%N$

[cnnz

\czsnp

\mgkc

&k%N$

Rfmzc =

Ge' ei

@cpcjpz

dg {cnnz

Rfmzc =

&:3

{cnnz$

Cvjcc`

JY

Rfmzc

=

Cvjcc`

LHK

d|eg :22

ZAJN

:22

CRM ZAJN

>=2!

ac|js|t =22!

=9.222

0=;!6.442 ; ge

zcncgdsa 32 32 Jf|egdj

CACK jfdn`

>=!36 :!:6 =: ge

ze`dsa


41/46

* @mpm i|ea SZKZ &Sgdpc` Zpmpcz Kcenekdjmn Zs|yct$ =443' [mpc| \czes|jcz ei I|caegp Jesgpt.

[teadgk' [mpc|!\czes|jcz Dgyczpdkmpdegz \cre|p 43!0243' @mpm ie| [dg` \dyc| Ie|ampdeg &ym|desz

zmarndgk cycgpz lcp{ccg =46; mg` =44


42/46

Mrrcg`dv I' Jegpmadgmgpz @cpcjpc` dg R|dympc [cnnz? IZD Zmarndgk mg` Lmjhk|esg` Dge|kmgdj

Jegjcgp|mpdegz dg [dg` \dyc| Ie|ampdeg. I|caegp Jesgpt. [teadgk K|esg`{mpc| &SZKZ =443$'

Jearesg`

CRM

AJN%Z

AJN

&k%N$

JY

&k%N$//

[dg`

\dyc|

Ie|ampdeg

I|caegpJesgpt.

[T

K|esg`!

{mpc|*

&k%N$

[cnnz

\czsnp\mgkc

&k%N$

Rfmzc

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