health education li xiaohan school of nursing china medical university
TRANSCRIPT
Health Education
Li Xiaohan
School of Nursing
China Medical University
Health Education
1. Introduction to health
education
2. Behaviors relevant to health
3. Teaching methods and
cautions
(1) Definition of health education
(2) Purpose and tasks of health education
(3) Principles of health education
(4) Process of health education
(5) The roles and functions of nurses in
the health education
Introduction to health education
Definition of health education
Health education is a systematic social educational activity which has plan, organization, and evaluation. It spreads the knowledge related to health care to people. It assists people to understand themselves heath status, recognize the factors harming health. It makes people change their ill life habits and behaviors, and adopt the behaviors and life styles conducive to health actively, and reduce and eliminate the health risk factors in order to prevent illness, promote health and increase the quality of life.
Purpose and tasks of health education
(a) Purpose of health education
(b) Tasks of health education
Purpose of health education
To teach the clients to build up a correct awareness on health
To change the clients’ ill (unhealthy) life habits
To nurture well (healthy) behaviors and life style
To reduce or eliminate health risk factors
To prevent illness, promote health and enhance the health level of whole nationality
Tasks of health education
To assist the clients to build up a
feeling of responsibility on preventing
illness and maintaining oneself health
status
To create an environment that helps to
individual’s behavior change; to promote
the individual to adopt the advisable
decision-making and select the behaviors
that help to health.
To instruct the client to master the
knowledge related to the care of illness
and healing in order to enhance the
abilities of self -health care and self-
care. In this way, the client will become
a healthy person and a person with
high quality of life.
Principles of health education
(1) Principle of meeting patient’s needs first.
(2) Principle of implementing teaching individually
(3) Principle of practicality
(5) Principle of participation of clients and their family members
(6) Principle of teaching and learning step by step
(4) Principle of realism of objective
(7) Principle of teaching by stages
(8) Principle of intuition
(9) Principle of popularization
(10) Principle of prompting
Process of health education
(A) To assess the patient’s learning needs
(C) To constitute the teaching plan
(D) To implement the teaching plan
(E) To evaluate the teaching and learning
(B) To establish the teaching and learning
objectives
To assess the patient’s learning needs
To assess leaning ability
To assess psychological status
To assess social-cultural background
To assess leaning attitude
To assess prevenient learning experiences
To assess learning preparation
To assess the learning needs
To establish the behavior objectives
(A) The classification and statement of teaching and learning objectives
(B) The functions of teaching and learning objectives
(C) The principles of establishing the teaching and learning objectives
The classification and statement of teaching and learning
objectives
Teaching objectives
Learning objectives
Teaching objectives
Teaching objectives for the patients at the entrance to hospital
Teaching objectives for the pre- operational patients
Teaching objectives for the post-
operational patients
Teaching objectives for the hospitalized patients
Teaching objectives
Teaching objectives for the patients with special examinations and treatments
Teaching objectives for the patients who will be discharged
from the hospital
Learning objectives
Objectives in cognitive domain
Objectives in affective domain
Objectives in psychomotor domain
The functions of teaching and learning objectives
The function of teaching objectives
The function of learning objectives
The functions of teaching objectives
(a) To make the nurse identify what
is the aim that the teaching wish to
achieve and what is the content that
the nurse should teach
(b) To instruct the nurse to assess
patient’s learning needs according to
the teaching objectives
(c) To point out the direction for
the nurse to assist the patient to
establish the learning objectives
(d) To instruct the nurse to select
adequate teaching content and
teaching methods
(e) To provide a base for the nurse to
evaluate the learning outcomes of the
patients
The functions of learning objectives
(a) To assist the patients to identify the
content that they need to learn and master
in the period of hospitalization, and let the
patients and their family members to
make preparations in psychological aspect
for learning.
(b) To make the patients understand
the aims that the learning need to
reach, and the benefits from the aims
to their health in order that the nurse
may spirit up the patients and their
family members to take part in the
learning activities actively.
(c) To contribute to assist the nurse
and patient to judge whether they
have achieved the objectives through
the teaching and learning activities.
The principles of establishing the teaching and learning
objectives
The principles of establishing the teaching objectives
The principles of establishing the learning objectives
The principles of establishing the teaching objectives
Principle of teaching by stages
Principle of objectivity
Principle of consistency
The principles of establishing the learning objectives
Principle of realistic thought
Principle of identity
Principle of synthesis
Principle of being able to measured
To constitute the teaching plan
(a)The structure of the plan for health education
(b) Teaching content
(c) Cautions on selecting teaching
content
The structure of the plan for health education
Teaching objectives
Learning objectives
Teaching content
Teaching methods
Evaluation of teaching and learning
Teaching content
1) General healthful knowledge
2) Knowledge of the prevention and treatment of illness
3) Knowledge of various examinations and treatments
4) Knowledge of administering reasonable medication
5) Knowledge of mental health
6) Knowledge of seeing a physician
7) Knowledge of behavior instruction and training conducive to health
8) Knowledge of teaching on each disease
1) The content, or what is to be taught,
is determined by learning objectives.
Nurses can select among many sources
of information including books,
nursing journals and other nurses and
physicians.
Cautions on selecting teaching content
Accurate
Current
Based on learning objectives
Whatever sources the nurse chooses, content should be:
2) Adjusted for the learner’s age, culture, and ability
3) Consistent with information the nurse is teaching
4) Selected with consideration of how much time and what resources are available for teaching
To implement the teaching plan
Guidelines for teaching
Influencing factors on patient’s
learning
Guidelines for teaching
1) The optimal time for each session depends largely on the learner.
2) The pace of each teaching session also affects learning.
3) An environment can detract from or assist learning
4) Teaching aids can foster learning and help focus a learner’s attention.
5) Learning is more effective when the learners discover the content for themselves.
Ways to increase learning include stimulating motivation and stimulating self-direction:
By providing specific, realistic, achievable objectives
By giving feedback
By helping the learner derive satisfaction from learning
6) Repetition reinforces learning
Ways of repeating and clarifying content:
Summarizing content
Rephrasing------using other words
Approaching the material from
another point of view
7) It is helpful to employ “organizers” to introduce material to be learned
8) Using a layperson’s vocabulary enhances communication
Influencing factors on patient’s learning
Factors related to the educator (nurse)
Factors related to the learner (client)
Factors related to the educator (nurse)
Awareness on client teaching
Knowledge and skills on client teaching
Communication techniques
Interpersonal relationship
Factors related to the learner (client)
Factors facilitating learning
Factors inhibiting learning
Factors facilitating learning
1) Motivation
2) Readiness
3) Active involvement
4) Relevance
5) Nonjudgmental support
6) Simple to complex
7) Timing
8) Environment
9) Feedback
Factors inhibiting learning
1) Emotions
2) Physiologic events
3) Cultural barriers
4) Psychomotor ability
To evaluate the teaching and learning
1)Evaluating teaching
2)Evaluating learning
3)Evaluating the quality of health
education
Evaluating teaching
Evaluation of learning needs
Evaluation of the teaching and
learning objectives
Evaluation of the teaching content
Evaluation of the teaching methods
(strategies)
Evaluating learning
Knowledge: essential for changing
behavior
Attitude: precondition for changing
behavior
Behavior: predetermined outcome of
health education
Evaluating the quality of health education
The rate of popularization
The rate of eligibility
The decrease of complications
The shortened period of
hospitalization
The effect of treatment
The economic benefits
The roles and functions of nurses in the health education
(1) To provide much information related to health to the client
(2) To assist the client to recognize the factors influencing health
(3) To assist the client to identity the actual and potential health problems
(4) To instruct the client to adopt healthy behavior
Behavior relevant to health
1. Introduction of behavior
2. Behavior relevant to health
3. Model of changing behaviors relevant to health
4. Intervention and modification of behavior relevant to health
Introduction of behavior
(1) Concept of behavior
(2) Classification of behavior
(3) Behavior and health
Concept of behavior
1) Definition of behavior
2) Representation of behavior
A behavior is a reaction of
human being and other
animals to internal and
external stimulus that
work on them.
Definition of behavior
A behavior is a reaction of
organisms in physiological
and psychological
dimensions when they are
in the face of the changes
of internal and external
environment.
Stimulus → Organism → Reaction
Representation of behavior
Classification of behavior
1) Instinctive behaviors
2) Social behaviors
Instinctive behaviors
Feeding behavior
Sleep behavior
Sexual behavior
Attack and self-protective behavior
Exploration behavior
Stimulation-Seeking behavior
Social behaviors
Social role behavior
Occupational skills
Entertainment behavior
Behavior and health
Well behavior can promote health
Ill behavior can harm health
Behavior relevant to health
(1) Healthy behavior
(2) Behavior relevant to health
Healthy behavior
1) Definition of healthy behavior
2) Classification of healthy behavior
The healthy behavior is a behavior
performance when a individual is on a
well state in physiological,
psychological and social aspects. (e.g. to
receive examinations related to health;
vaccination)
Definition of healthy behavior
Group healthy behavior
Individual healthy behavior
Classification of healthy behavior
Behavior relevant to health
1) Definition
2) Classification
Definition of behavior relevant to health
It is the behavior of individual or
group, which is relevant to health
and illness.
Classification of behavior
relevant to health
Health-promoted behavior
Health-risky behavior
Health-promoted behavior
Definition of health-promoted behavior
Types of health-promoted behavior
Definition of health-promoted behavior
It is a group of behaviors, which
behaved by the individual or
colony and it is favorable to the
health of himself and other people
objectively.
Types of health-promoted behavior
Preventive and protective behaviors
Suffering behaviors
Disease role behavior
Preventive and protective behaviors
Daily healthy behavior
Health care behavior
Behavior that avoiding harmful
environment
Behavior that refraining from ill habit
Presentiment behavior
Suffering behaviors
To see a physician actively
To provide their history and symptoms in truth
To cooperate cure and care actively
To maintain a optimistic and antrorse emotion
Disease role behavior
Compliant behavior
Patient role behavior
Health-risky behavior
Definition
Classification
Definition of healthy-risky behavior
It is a group of behaviors, which beh
aved by the individual and colony in t
he direction of deflecting from the exp
ectation of individual, other people an
d the society.
Classification of health-risky behaviors
Daily health-risky behaviors
Behavior model which produces disease
Ill disease behaviors
Daily health-risky behaviors
Smoking
Alcoholism (Drink too much)
Drug abuse
Sexual disorder
Behavior model of producing disease
Type A behavior: easy to suffer from coronary heart disease
Type C behavior: easy to suffer from tumor
Ill disease behaviors
Keep from disease Fear Abandonment Leading role behaviors Lack of role behaviors Psychological conflict of role Pessimism and despair Superstition behavior
Changing model of behavior relevant to health
(1) KABP model
(2) HBM model
KABP model
Meaning:
K: Knowledge
A: Attitude
B: Belief
P: Practice
1) To enhance the authority and
transmit efficiency of information
2) To advise others by using one's own experience
Methods that promote attitude changing：
3) To strengthen behavioral interventions
4) To use the stage theory of attitude
change: obedience, assimilation,
and internalization
Health Belief Model
1) The development of HBM
2) Components of HBM
3) Steps
Components of HBM:
Health belief
Cue to action
Modifying factor
Health belief
a) How to look on health and disease
b) How to cognize the degree of
severity and susceptibility of
disease
3) How to understand the effect
after adopting preventive
interventions and the obstacle
that one may encounter while
adopting interventions
One’s health belief is restricted by follow four cognitive degrees:
Cognition to the susceptibility of disease
Cognition to the degree of severity of disease
Cognition to the effect brought by preventive interventions
Cognition to the obstacle of preventive interventions
Cue to action
The promoting factors that bring a person to adopt preventive interventions
Disseminate of public transmitting medium
Advice from other people
Reminding from health care professional
Introduction on newspapers and magazines
Family members or friends once suffered from this disease
Modifying factor:
1)Demography factors:
2)Social and psychological factors:
3)Knowledge structure factors:
Steps :
(1) To let people fear to their ill
behavior style at present
(2) To let people convince that once
they change their ill behavior they
will get valuable outcomes. At the
same time, let people cognize
possible difficulties during the
behavior change
(3)To make people feel confident
and competent in changing ill
behavior by long-term effort.
Intervention and modification of behavior
relevant to health
(1) Definition of behavior modification
(2) Purpose of behavior modification
Definition of behavior modification
Behavior modification is a process of
behavior intervention. It promotes the
targets of behavior modification to
change their special behaviors by
adopting certain interventions according
to certain expectation, and in definite
conditions.
Purpose of behavior modification
To help people to change ill
behavior and life habit nurtured by
them, adopt behaviors that promote
health consciously, and culture good
life style.
Teaching methods and cautions
1. Teaching methods
2. Cautions
Teaching methods
1) Lecture
2) Group discussion
3) Role playing
4) Field visit
5) instruction
6) Demonstration
7) Private interview
8) Audiovisual teaching material
9) Computer assistant
Cautions
1) To constitute the health educational plan according to the learning needs of learner.
2) To select adequate teaching content: from simple to complex; from concrete to abstract.
3) To select adequate teaching methods based on learner’s characteristics.
4) To address the combination of theory and practice.
5) To create a favorable learning environment and atmosphere.
6) To establish a good relationship between nurse and patient.