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Health Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line:
User Needs
Vth SAMCO WorkshopVienna
26-27 January, 2004
Dmitri SNEGOVSKI (Mech. Eng., PhD student)Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy
University of Liege - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Belgium
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 2 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Summary
1. Monitoring Problematics2. Sag & Temperature Monitoring3. Sensible Elements4. Damage Diagnostics5. Wind-Induced Vibrations6. Vibration Measurement7. Conclusions
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 3 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
1. What the User Needs NOT?
New York - August 14, 2003 Black-Out in USA, initiated by increased conductor sag due to overheat
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 4 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Concerns
Ageing Increasing Power LoadsDeregulation in Power Transmission
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 5 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Impacts
WindCorrosionContamination
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 6 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Real-time & Permanent
Nondestructive & Hotline Mounted
Predictive, Secure, Controllable etc.
What kind of monitoring user needs?
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 7 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
> Maintenance > Optimal Power Delivery
Why Real-time & Permanent?
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 8 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Ageing
Wind-induced motion
> Maintenance > Optimal Power Delivery
Prevent hazards…
Why Real-time & Permanent?
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 9 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Sag
> Maintenance > Optimal Power Delivery
Why Real-time & Permanent?
Sag and/or Temperature Monitoring
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 10 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Sag
> Maintenance > Optimal Power Delivery
Sag and/or Temperature Monitoring
Why Real-time & Permanent?
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 11 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Sag
> Maintenance > Optimal Power Delivery
Sag and/or Temperature Monitoring
Why Real-time & Permanent?
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 12 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
2. Sag monitoring methods
© PTI, Inc.
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 13 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Load cells for tension monitoring
SDG&E CAT monitor installed on a 230 kV anchor tower.
Direct radio communications are established with the ground station (GS).
GS dumps the data to the post via telephone line.
Tension monitoringCAT monitor
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 14 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Sag monitoring
TargetCamera
Datalogger & Communications
Meteo (optional)
Sagometer (EDM International, Inc.)
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 15 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
3.OHL Sensible elements
1. Conductors2. Fittings (spacers, insulator chains, …)3. Towers
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 16 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Conductor damages
Fretting fatigue of second layer of strand (left) or surface failure (right)
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 17 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Conductor damages
Strand breaking due to corrosion
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 18 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Conductor damages
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 19 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Conductor damages
Aeolian vibration-induced damages of conductor - contact with suspension saddle
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 20 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Aeolian vibration-induced damages of conductor - contact with Aircraft Warning Marker
Conductor damages
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 21 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Tower Damages
Aeolian vibrationGalloping
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 22 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Other:
Spacers, spacer dampersVibration dampersInsulatorsAircraft warning markersetc.
Twin bundle spacer damper
Stockbridge damper
Insulator chain
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 23 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
4. Damage Diagnostic Methods
Corona Discharge-based (CM)Electro-magnetic Acoustic (EMAT)Space potential probes (EPRI project)
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 24 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
EMAT (Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer)Colorado School of Mines, U.S.A.
Damage Diagnostic
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 25 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
+ Can be used on live (hot) conductors
+ Allows detecting minor defects
- Time-limited
EMAT(Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer)
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 26 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
5. Diagnose the Wind - Induced Vibrations
• UnavoidableTurbulence-induced
• Necessary to minimize:GallopingWake-induced vibrationsAeolian vibrations
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 27 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Aeolian Vibration
Oscillation Amplitude
~ 1 D
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 28 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Wake-Induced Vibration
γ z− &
xV &−
DFLF
rV
ZF
XFx&z&
Wind
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 29 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Turbulence-Induced Buffeting
-16
-14
-12
-10
-84 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Y, m
Z, m ASTERAERO-Z
4035 302520151050
10.00 14.00 18.00 22.00 02.00 06.00Time (Hrs)
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 30 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Galloping
0LD
C Cy
∂+ <
∂
Wind Ice
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 31 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
6. Vibration Measurement
Existing measuring devices
SEFAG vibration recorder (Conductor diameter: about 0.03 m)
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 32 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Heavy weight (more than 5 kg) - > conductor fatigue
High cost (~10000 €) Limited Autonomy
Vibration Measurement
Impossible to detect reliably the large amplitude at mid-spanHigher frequencies cannot be recorded.
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 33 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
7. Conclusions?
Health Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Lines is of increasing importance
Tension & sag monitoring is more elaborated but still a competitive field
OHL conductor vibration monitoring devices have limitations (cost, monitoring period)
Diagnostic of damages and hazards in OHL needs both « Artificial Intelligence » and hardware tools.
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 34 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
The most challenging studies…
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 35 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
…are the worst garnished!
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Vth SAMCO Workshop Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Line – User Needs
Vienna, 26-27 January, 2004 36 ULG - Montefiore Institute of Electricity
Jean-Louis Lilien
Dmitri [email protected]
tel.(04) 366-26-30