health occupations skeletal system – unit 2. spinal column made up of 26 bones, divided into 5...
TRANSCRIPT
Spinal Column
Made up of 26 bones, divided into 5 parts Function
– Protect spinal cord– Provide support for head & neck
Curvature gives strength & flexibility Each bone is called vertebrae Intervertebral discs
– Pads of cartilage separating the vertebrae– Act as shock absorbers– Allow bending & twisting
Vertebrae
Bone is called the vertebral body 5 parts
– Cervical – neck, 7– Thoracic – chest, 12– Lumbar – waist, 5– Sacrum – back of pelvic girdle, 1– Coccyx – tailbone, 1
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
C1 - Atlas
C2 - Axis
Vertebral Body
Intervertebral Disk
Thorax Ribs, Sternum, Vertebral bones
– Protect heart & lungs Ribs
– 12 pair, called COSTAE– Attach to thoracic vertebrae on DORSAL surface of
body– Types of ribs
• True ribs – first 7, attach directly to sternum• False ribs – next 3, attach to cartilage of rib above• Floating ribs – last 2, do not attach to front of body
– INTERCOSTAL space –• Area between ribs containing muscles, blood vessels, & nerves
Thorax (cont)
Sternum– Breast bone– 3 parts
• Manubrium – upper part, where clavicles attach• Gladiolous – body, where hands are placed during CPR• Xiphoid process – small piece of cartilage at bottom,
DANGER during CPR
– Ribs attach to sternum with costal cartilage & provide a cage protecting the heart & lungs
Pectoral Girdle
Shoulder – made up of clavicles & scapulas Clavicle –
– 2 bones– Collar bones– Attach to manubrium of sternum with ligaments
Scapula– 2 shoulder blades– Provide for attachment of upper arm bones
Bones of the Arm
Humerus – upper arm Radius – lower arm, thumb side Ulna – larger bone of lower arm, little finger
side– Olecranon process – projection on upper end of
ulna, forms elbow Carpals – 8 bones of wrist Metacarpals – 5 bones in palm of hand Phlanges – 14 bones of fingers
Pelvic girdle Made up of 2 os coxae (coxal or hip bones) Joins with sacrum on dorsal side of body at the SACROILIAC
joint Join together on ventral side of body at the SYMPHYSIS
PUBIS 3 parts, fused together
– Ilium– Ischium– Pubis
Acetabula – 2 recessed areas (sockets) for leg bone attachment
Obturator foramen – opening between ishium & pelvis allowing passage of nerves & blood vessels to & from legs
Coccyx
AcetabulumObturator foramen
Symphysis pubis
Pubis
Ischium
Ischial spine
Ilium
SacrumSacroiliacjoint
Legs
Femur – thigh Patella – kneecap Tibia – lower leg, large bone, big toe side Fibula – lower leg, small bone, little toe side Tarsals – 7 bones in ankle Metatarsals – 5 bones in instep of foot Phalanges – 14 bones in toes Calcaneous – heel that is formed by the large
tarsal bone