health promotion lec

8/13/2019 Health Promotion Lec

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HEALTH PROMOTION



Learning Objectives

After the lecture, student will be able to:

1. Explain the relationship of individuality and

holism to nursing practice. 2. Give 4 main characteristics of homeostatic

mechanisms.

3. Identify theoretical frameworks used inindividual health promotion.

4. Identify Maslow’s characteristics of the selfactualized person.



5. Describe how the Healthy People 2010leading health indicators can help improve

the health of community.

6. Differentiate health promotion from healthprotection or illness prevention.

7. Identify various types and sites of healthpromotion programs.



8. Discuss the Health Promotion Model.

9. Explain the stages of health behavior

change. 10. Discuss the nurse’s role in health

promotion.

11. Assess the health of individuals. 12. Develop, implement , and evaluate plans

for health promotion.



What is health promotion?

-is an important

component of nursing

practice.

It is a way of thinkingthat revolves around a

philosophy of

wholeness, wellness,and well being.



What are Health promoting

habits? -adequate exercise

Rest

Relaxation Maintaining good

nutrition

Controlling the use of

tobacco, alcohol, &other drugs.



What is Individuality ????



INDIVIDUALITY

INCLUDE THE

PERSON’S TOTAL

CHARACTER,

ENCOMPASSESBEHAVIORS,

EMOTIONAL STATE,

ATTITUDES, VALUES,

MOTIVES,

ABILITIES,

HABITS &APPEARANCES.

SELF IDENTITY

PERCEPTIONS



What is Holism???



CONCEPT OF HOLISM

Emphasizes that nurses must keep the wholeperson in mind and strive to understand howone are of concern relates to the wholeperson.

Ex. Helping a man who is grieving over thedeath of his spouse, nurse considers the

man’s appetite, rest , sleep pattern, energylevel, sense of well being, mood , familyrelationships etc.



Holism

•Concerned with the individual as a

whole, not as an assembly of parts

•Strive to understand how one area of

concern relates to the whole person

•Consider the relationship of

individuals to the environment and toothers



What is Homeostasis???



Concept of Homeostasis

First introduced by Cannon (1939) to describethe relative constancy of the internalprocesses of the body, such as blood oxygenand carbon dioxide levels, blood pressure,body temperature, blood glucose, & fluid &electrolyte balance.

Implies a condition that might vary butremained relatively constant.



4 main characteristics of

homeostatic mechanisms : 1. They are safe regulating.

2. They are compensatory.

3. They tend to be regulated by negativefeedback systems.

4. They may require several feedbackmechanisms to correct only one physiologicimbalance.



Self regulating means that homeostaticmechanisms come into play automatically in

the healthy person. Compensatory (counterbalancing) because

they tend to counteract conditions that areabnormal for the person. Ex. Sudden drop in

air temp. the compensatory mechanisms arethat the peripheral blood vessels constrict,diverting the most of the blood internally, &

increased muscular activity & shivering occurto create heat.



Theoretical Frameworks used

in Individual Health Promotion •Needs Theories

–Maslow

–Kalish •Developmental Stage

Theories



Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs



Maslow’s Characteristics of

the Self-actualized Person

•Realistic, sees life clearly, and is objective •Judges people correctly •Has superior perception, is more decisive •Has clear notion of right and wrong •Is usually accurate in predicting futureevents

•Understands art, music, politics, andphilosophy.



Maslow’s Characteristics of the

Self-actualized Person

•Possesses humility, listens to others carefully

•Is highly creative, flexible, spontaneous,

courageous, and willing to make mistakes

•Is open to new ideas •Is self -confident and has self respect•Has low degree of self -conflict; personalityis integrated

•Respects self, does not need fame, possesses afeeling of self control

•Is highly independent, desires privacy



Maslow’s Characteristics of the

Self-actualized Person

• 1. Can appear remote and detached

2. Is friendly, loving, and governed more by

inner directives than by society3. Can make decisions contrary to

popular opinion

4. Is problem-centered rather than self-centered

5. Accepts the world for what it is



Healthy People 2010

Two major goals are:

–To increase quality and years of healthy life

–To eliminate health disparities



Healthy People 2010

•Organized around 28 focus areas to improve health

•Establishes a set of leading health indicators

reflecting public health concerns •Indicators will help develop action plans to improve

the health of both individuals and communities

•Individual health closely linked to community

health and reverse •Vision is “healthy people in healthy

communities



Health Promotion and Health

Protection/Illness Prevention

The difference is the

individual’s motivation for

behavior .



Health Promotion

Not disease oriented

•Motivated by personal, positive

approach to wellness •Seeks to expand positive potential

for health



Health Protection/Illness

Prevention Illness or injury specific

•Motivated by avoidance of illness •Seeks to thwart the occurrence of insults tohealth and well-being



Types of Health Promotion

Programs

Health promotion•Specific protection •Screening for early detection of disease



Sites of Health Promotion

Programs Various settings for programs:

–In home

–Community–Schools–Health care organizations–Worksites



Health Promotion Model

(HPM)

Link to HPM Figure

•Competence or approach-oriented model •Motivational source for behavior changes

based on individual’s subjective value of thechange



Variables of HPM

Individual characteristics and experiences

–Prior related behaviors

–Personal factors

•Behavior-specific cognitions and affect

–Perceived benefits of action–Perceived barriers to action

–Perceived self-efficacy–Activity-related affect–Interpersonal factors–Situational influences



Variables of HPM

•Commitment to a plan of action

•Immediate competing demands andpreferences

•Behavioral outcome



Stages of Health Behavior

Change



Stages of Health

Behavior ChangeLink to Stages Diagram•Precontemplation •Contemplation •Preparation •Action •Maintenance

•Termination



Nurse’s Role in

Health Promotion Model healthy lifestyle

•Facilitate client involvement •Teach self -care strategies•Assist clients to increase levels of health

•Educate clients to be effective health careconsumers



Nurse’s Role in

Health Promotion Assist clients to develop and choose

health-promoting options

•Guide development of effective

problem-solving and decision-making

•Reinforce clients’ personal and family

health-promoting behaviors

•Advocate in the community for changes that promote a healthyenvironment



Health history•Physical examination

•Physical fitness assessment

•Lifestyle assessment

•Spiritual health assessment •Social support systemreview •Health risk assessment

•Health beliefs review

•Life-stress review

Assessment of Health



Developing Health

Promotion Plans Based on health needs, desires, and

priorities of the client

•Client decides on: –Goals

–Activities or interventions to achieve

these goals–Frequency and duration of activities–Method of evaluation



Implementing Health

Promotion Plans Emphasis on self responsibility

•Nursing interventions include:

–Supporting–Counseling–Facilitating–Teaching

–Consulting–Enhancing the behavior change–Modeling



Evaluating Health Promotion

Plans Ongoing

•Collaborative effort •Client actions may include:

–Continue the plan–Reorder priorities–Change strategies

–Revise the contract



THANKS FOR LISTENING FOLKS!!!!!

health promotion lec

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