health & safety risk factors in shipping ships in service training material a-m chauvel 2009
TRANSCRIPT
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Health & Safety Risk Factors
in Shipping
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
2009
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Safety Risk Factors
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Fatigue can degrade crew performance
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Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Some FactorsAffecting
Crew’s Performance
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ManagementStyle
Behavior
TechnologyWork
Environment
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Safety Risk FactorsAffecting Crew’s Performance
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BEHAVIORBEHAVIORBEHAVIORBEHAVIOR
Value
AttitudeAptitudes
Training
Health
Experience
Physical capability
Stress
Workload
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
CrewCrewPerformancePerformance
CrewCrewPerformancePerformance
Safety Risk FactorsAffecting Crew’s Performance
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Interrupted sleep patterns
Fear or perceptionof danger
Loneliness &isolation
Responsibility of job
Communicationdifficulties
Incompatibility of fellow workers
Reliability offellow workers
Fatigue
Environment :Noise, seasickness…
Monotony of job
Ships in Service Training Material C. STEVENSON
STRESSSTRESSFACTORSFACTORS
Safety Risk FactorsAffecting Crew’s Performance
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WORK ENVIRONMENTWORK ENVIRONMENTWORK ENVIRONMENTWORK ENVIRONMENT
CongestionWeather
Distractions
Time of day
Work space
Waterway conditions
Man / Machine interface
Personnel interaction
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
CrewCrewPerformancePerformance
CrewCrewPerformancePerformance
Safety Risk FactorsAffecting Crew’s Performance
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TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Simulation
Automation
System integration
Advanced operationalmethods
Computerization
Advanced engineeringmethods
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
CrewCrewPerformancePerformance
CrewCrewPerformancePerformance
Safety Risk FactorsAffecting Crew’s Performance
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CrewCrewPerformancePerformance
CrewCrewPerformancePerformance
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
Corporate culture
CommitmentProcedures
Ethic
Leadership
Incentives
Goals & directions
Feedback
Communication
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Safety Risk FactorsAffecting Crew’s Performance
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Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
FatigueIMO-MSC 1014
Fatigue can degrade crew performance
Safety Risk Factors
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FATIGUE is generally described as a state of feeling tired or sleepy that results from:
- Prolonged mental work. - Physical work. - Extended periods of anxiety. - Exposure to harsh environments. - Loss of sleep.
Fatigue Causes
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Fatigue Effects
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
The result of fatigue is :
- Impaired performance.- Diminished alertness.
The effects of fatigue areparticularly dangerous
in the shipping industry.
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RatingShip’s Officer
Master
Training Institution
Owner / OperatorManager
Naval ArchitectShip Designer
Maritime Pilot Tugboat
MSC 1014 Guidance on Fatigue
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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RatingShip’s Officer
Master
Training Institution
Naval ArchitectShip Designer
Maritime Pilot Tugboat
Who should do what ?
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Owner / OperatorManager
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Men
tally
Em
otionally
Physically
Symptoms of Fatigue
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Effects on Anybody
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Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Rating & Tugboat Personnel : PhysicallySymptoms of Fatigue
- Inability to stay awake.- Difficulty with hand-eye coordination skills.
- Speech difficulties.- Heaviness in the arms and legs or sluggish feeling.
- Decreased ability to exert force while lifting, pushing or pulling.- Increased frequency of dropping objects like tools or parts.
- Non specific physical discomfort.
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- Headaches.- Giddiness.
- Heart palpitation, irregular heart beats.- Rapid breathing.
- Loss of appetite.- Insomnia.
- Sudden sweating fits.- Leg pains or cramps.
- Digestion problems.
Symptoms of Fatigue Rating & Tugboat Personnel : Physically
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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- Increased willingness to take risks.
- Increased intolerance and anti-social behavior.
- Needless worry.
- Reduced motivation to work well.
- Increased mood changes ( from irritability to depression ).
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Rating & Tugboat Personnel : Emotionally Symptoms of Fatigue
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- Poor judgment of distance, speed, time,…
- Inaccurate interpretation of a situation.
- Slow or no response to normal, abnormal or emergency situations.
- Reduced attention span.
- Difficulty concentrating and thinking clearly.
- Decreased ability to pay attention.
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Rating & Tugboat Personnel : MentallySymptoms of Fatigue
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- Unable to organize a series of activities.
- Preoccupied with a single task.
- Focuses on a trivial problem, neglecting more important ones.
- Reverts to old but ineffective habits. - Less vigilant than usual.
1- Inability to concentrate
Ship’s Officer & Master
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Symptoms of Fatigue
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2- Diminished decision-making ability
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Symptoms of Fatigue Ship’s Officer & Master
- Misjudges distance, speed, time,…
- Fails to appreciate the gravity of the situation.
- Overlooks items that should be included.
- Chooses risky options.
- Difficulty with simple arithmetic, geometry…
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Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
3- Poor memory
4- Slow response
Symptoms of Fatigue Ship’s Officer & Master
- Fails to remember the sequence of task.
- Difficulty remembering events or procedures.
- Forgets to complete a task or part of a task.
- Reverts to old but ineffective habits.
- Responds slowly to normal, abnormal or emergency situations
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Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
5- Loss of control of bodily movements
Symptoms of Fatigue Ship’s Officer & Master
- May appear to be drunk.- Inability to stay awake.
- Affected speech ( Slurred, slowed, garbled ).- Feeling heaviness in the arms and legs.
- Decreased ability to exert force while lifting, pushing or pulling.
- Increased frequency of dropping objects like tools or parts.
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6- Mood change
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Symptoms of Fatigue Ship’s Officer & Master
- Quieter, less talkative than usual.
- Unusually irritable.
- Increased intolerance and anti-social behavior.
- Depression.
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7- Attitude change
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Symptoms of Fatigue Ship’s Officer & Master
- Fails to anticipate danger.- Fails to observe and obey warning signs.
- Seems unaware of own poor performance.- Too willing to take risks.
- Ignores normal checks and procedures.- Displays a “don’t care” attitude.
- Weakness in drive or dislike for work.
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1- Inability to concentrate
Maritime Pilote
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Symptoms of Fatigue
- Unable to organize a series of activities.
- Preoccupied with a single task.
- Focuses on a trivial problem, neglecting more important ones.
- Less vigilant than usual.
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2- Diminished decision-making ability
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Symptoms of Fatigue Maritime Pilote
- Misjudges distance, speed, time,…- Fails to appreciate the gravity of the situation.
- Overlooks items that should be included.- Chooses risky options.
- Difficulty with simple arithmetic, geometry…- Fails to observe and obey warning signs. - Fails to anticipate danger.
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3- Poor memory
4- Slow response
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Symptoms of Fatigue Maritime Pilote
- Fails to remember the sequence of task or task elements.
- Difficulty remembering events or procedures.
- Forgets to complete a task or part of a task.
- Responds slowly to normal, abnormal or emergency situations.
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5- Loss of control of bodily movements
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Symptoms of Fatigue Maritime Pilote
- May appear to be drunk.
- Inability to stay awake.
- Affected speech (Slurred, slowed, garbled).
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6- Mood change
7- Attitude change
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Symptoms of Fatigue Maritime Pilote
Quieter, less talkative than usual.Unusually irritable.
- Seems unaware of own poor performance.- Too willing to take risks.
- Ignores normal checks and procedures.- Displays a “don’t care” attitude.
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Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Naval Architect& Ship Designer
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Accommodationdesign
Work placedesign
Ambient environmental conditions
Boredom
On board facilities
Ship motions
Naval Architect & Ship Designer
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Design Process
Better designBetter upkeep
Crew cabins accommodationCrew cabins locationSoundproofing measuresCabins / Bunks designs & configuration
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Naval Architect & Ship Designer
- Sleep-interruption or deprivation due to accommodation design
- Work place design
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Monotony & mental satiationLightingTemperatureSoundSmell
Noise & VibrationVentilationHumidity
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Naval Architect & Ship DesignerDesign Process
- Harsh ambient environmental conditions where people live and work
- Boredom
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Sea keeping provisionsWeatherSea states
AccommodationsRecreational facilitiesGalleys & Mess roomsFood preparation & storage areasHygiene facilitiesMedical facilities
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Naval Architect & Ship DesignerDesign Process
On board facilities
Ship motions
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Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Ship Owner &Operator Manager
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“ Master has been onboard for one year & a day… probably suffering from nervous exhaustion.“
Left night orders at 02:30Called to the bridge at 06:00
Fatigue on Merchant ShipsTORREY CANYON - 1967
Grounded on Seven Stones Reef - UK at 08:50 Master was under commercial pressure to reachhis destination port as he was instructed :If he did not make the evening tide at Milford Havenon march 18th the vessel would have to wait untilmarch 24th before he could enter the port.
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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- 11,000 people on clean-up- Training of 18,000 people- Use of 80 air crafts, 1,400 vessels, 260 skimmers, 2 dry docks, floating hotels,...- Specialist teams for all around the worldEstimated cost : $ 8 billion $ 300,000 per barrel of crude oil
Fatigue on Merchant ShipsEXXON VALDEZ - 1989
Fatigue was cited as one of the contributing factors.Oil spill involved not only the lossof 258,000 barrels of crude oil but massive expenditure in clean-up& fine :
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Number of hours on duty
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
2.5
2.0
Ris
k re
lati
ve
Ships in Service Training Material A. COOPER
Relative Risk of AccidentDuring work shift duration
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Sustained operationsfor 24 Hours
result in a dropin performanceof about 25%
Sleep deprivation for 24 hours
were comparable toBAC = 0,10%
Wakefulness of 18 hours
were comparable to BAC = 0,05%
16% of Critical ship causalities &
33% of injuries where partly du to
Human Fatigue
Ship Owner & Operator Manager
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Fatigue equivalent in Blood Alcohol Concentration
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Midday
Midnight
Sleep of5 to 6 hours
Sleep of7 to 8 hours
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Ship Owner & Operator Manager
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Fatigue is awarning sign
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Accident Prevention
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL