health sci respiratory 05
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respTRANSCRIPT
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• Exchange of Respiratory Gases• Control of Acid/Base balance• Control of Blood pH• Consists of
– Conductive system– Exchange system– Circulatory System Interface
• Cellular respiration• External respiration• Internal respiration
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• Avogadro’s law and number– Equal volumes of gas at the same pressure
contain the same number of molecules.– 6.02 x 10 23
– Concentration of gas - Gas pressure• Boyle’s law of gas
– V ~ P – Pressure varies inversely with volume– Volume varies inversely with pressure
• Pressure example with a Har bottle• mm Hg -- cm H2O -- Torr
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• Daltons Law of Partial Pressure
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• Laws of Gas Flow– Laminar flow - Turbulence
• Poiseuille's law states that flow rate is inversely related to both the tube length and to the viscosity of the gas
• Bernouli’s law relates the loss in pressure to the resistance of a system. Total pressure is divided between flow( forward pressure) and lateral pressure
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• Ficke’s Law of Diffusion• Graham’s Law
– Diffusion of gases varies with molecular weight – higher molecular weight the slower the
diffusion– Oxygen diffusion = pure gas– Carbon Dioxide diffusion = CO2 and Bicarbonate
Ions• Henry’s Law - law of the coke bottle
– The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid varies directly with the total quantity of gas and the pressure of the gas.
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• Charles’s Law - effects of temperature on a gas– Pressure varies with Temperature– Heating a can example
• Interaction with Boyle’s law• Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
– Partial Pressure of a gas is proportional to the proportion of that gas in a mixture of gases
– Oxygen 21% of 760 Torr = 160 Torr– Nitrogen 79% or 600 Torr
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• Nose• External Nares or Nostrils• Nasal Cavity - boundries• Internal Nares• Conche• Hard Palate • Soft Palate and Uvula
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• Paranasal Sinuses• Olfactory Epithelium• Nasal Epithelium - Pseudostratified
Ciliated Columnar Epithelium• Nasopharynx• Oropharynx - Fauces = narrowing flaps• Laryngopharynx• Tonsils (Palatine & Lingual) and
Adenoids or Pharyngeal• Eustachian tubes
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• Larynx -adam’s Larynx -adam’s appleapple
• EpiglotttisEpiglotttis• GlottisGlottis• Thyroid cartilageThyroid cartilage• Cricoid cartilageCricoid cartilage• Vocal cordsVocal cords
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• Alveolar wallsAlveolar walls• Capillary wallsCapillary walls
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• Type I Alveolar cell - respiratory
• Type II- produces surfactant
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• Contraction of– External Intercostals– Diaphragm
• Intra-alveolar pressure - 756• Volume moved = 2.2 liters• Bucket Handle movement
– Rib movement• Pump Handle movement
– Sternum movement
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• Passive movement• Elastic recoil of diaphragm• Elastic Recoil of lung tissue• Surfactant• Abdominal assist
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• Effects of Posture• Abdominal Pressure
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• Bohr Effect - Carbon Dioxide (c) effects oxygen transport
• Haldane Effect - Oxygen levels effect carbon dioxide transport
• Carbon Monoxide
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Fetal Postnatal