health terminology blackboard

Property of CY O’Connor Institute – Author Shona Andrews 1

ObjectivesResponding Appropriately to instructions which

contain Basic Medical Terminology.Receive, understand and document written and oral instructions.

Including checklists.Understand medical term abbreviationsUnderstand policy and procedures for medical termsSeek clarification when necessary.

Carry out routine Tasks: Use Medical Terminology correctly and seek assistance when

required Communicate effectively using oral / written medical

terms Clients, Fellow workers and Health Professionals Spelling and Pronounced correctly


When would HealthTerminology be used?

Patients notesGeneral documents within the health

environment (Assessment charts, Handover notes)

Care PlansVerbal HandoversGiving information Receiving InformationResearch materialResources


Strategies for New wordsRead it , Read it again then read it out aloud

Find out the meaningUnderstand the meaning


Understanding Medical terms better?Don’t assume- Ask the question if you didn’t hear

correctly or don’t understand something.Listen carefully- concentrateDouble check your spelling- Simple errors can make

a huge difference. ( see list of misspelled words).Get yourself a portable medical dictionary- highlight

the common words you use or misspell .Listen to peopleSpell it, Say it, write it and explain it’s meaning to

someone


Understanding Health terms Find different resources to view and hear

Health terminology


Web Sites Pronunciation site http://www.merck.com/mmhe/resources/

pronunciations/index/a.html

Abbreviationshttp://www.merck.com/mmhe/about/front/

medterms.html?qt=terminology&alt=sh


Guidelines for PronunciationWriting and Saying medical terminology is very different.

To learn how to pronounce medical words you will need to say them out aloud

Use a good medical dictionary that has how to pronounce the words. It will have the breakdown of the word and look like this : Addiction (say: uh-dik-shun)


Pronunciation of medical terminology Find an internet site that has audio pronunciation

and listen and practice. Here is one you can start with. http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/resources/pronunciations/index/a.html

Listen to others in the medical field and how they pronounce words, You can also listen to TV shows and watch medical videos to also here how it is said.

Best of all practice , practice and practice


Health Terminology

Let’s have a look at some areas with HealthTerminology


Health Terminology in a Hospital setting


Medical Specialists

Definitions Of Medical Specialties Handout is available in the resource section in Blackboard.


Health Terminology: Basic Word Structure

Objectives

relate the study of medical terms to the study of a foreign language

list all the possible component parts of a medical term, including the root, combining vowel, prefix, and suffix.

build medical terms with a variety of component parts by following the rules for forming and spelling medical terms.

define medical terms by analyzing their component parts.


The Language of Medicine

Studying medical terminology is very similar to learning a new language. This is because most medical terms stem from Greek or Latin origins. Other languages, such as German and French, have also influenced medical terminology.


The Components of Medical Terms

Medical terms are like individual jigsaw puzzles. They are constructed from small pieces (prefixes, combining forms, and suffixes) that make each term unique.

Once you understand the basic medical term structure and how these components fit together, you will be able to “build” almost any medical term.


Start with the ROOT of the term

liplip which means “fat”

The root is the foundation of the medical term. All medical terms have one or more roots.

Examples of medical term roots are:

hemathemat which means “blood”

cardicardi which means “heart”

gastrgastr which means “stomach”


The combining vowel (usually o) is used to link the root to the suffix or the root to another root. The combining vowel has no meaning of its own. When a vowel is linked to a root, this combination is called a combining form.

lip + o = lipolip + o = lipo = the combining form of “fat”

When the suffix begins with a vowel, the combining vowel is dropped.

lip + lip + + oid + oid = lipoid (“resembling fat”)


…Now add the SUFFIX

The suffix is the term ending. All medical terms have a suffix.

––emiaemia which means “blood condition”

Examples of medical term suffixes are:

––itisitis which means “inflammation”

––logylogy which means “study of”

––icic which means “pertaining to”


The prefix is a small part that is attached to the beginning of a term. Not all medical terms contain prefixes, but if present, the prefix can have an important influence on the meaning of the term.

hyper-hyper- which means “above or excessive”

Examples of medical term prefixes are:

peri-peri- which means “around or surrounding”

endo-endo- which means “within”

epi-epi- which means “upon, above, or beside”


You’ve got a medical term!

Prefix + Root + Vowel + Suffix =

hemat o logy

epi gastr ic

cardi o pathy

peri cardi itis

lip oma

Medical Term

hematology hematology

epigastricepigastric

cardiopathycardiopathy

pericarditis pericarditis

lipomalipoma


a. A combining vowel is used to join root to root as well as root to any suffix beginning with a consonant:

electr + o + cardi + o + gram =

root + vowel + root + vowel + suffix

vasectomy

(excision of a vessel)

b. A combining vowel is not used before a suffix that begins with a vowel:

vas + + ectomy =

root + no vowel + suffix beginning with a vowel

electrocardiogram

(electrical record of the heart)


You can usually define a term by interpreting the suffix first, then the prefix (if present), then the succeeding root or roots. For example:

hyper

prefix

excessive

lip

root

fat

emia

suffix

blood condition

= hyperlipemia

medical term

blood condition of excessive fat


You Gotta Have Heart…

The following are examples and definitions of the various medical terms that can be formed using the root “cardi” (heart):Root/Suffix

cardi/ac

heart/pertaining to

(pertaining to the heart)

Prefix/Root/Suffix

epi/cardi/um

upon/heart/tissue

(tissue upon the heart)

Combining Form/Suffix

cardi/o/logy

heart/study of

(study of the heart)

Combining Form/ Combining Form/Suffix

electr/o/cardi/o/gram

electricity/heart/record

(electrical record of the heart)

Prefix/Prefix/Root/Suffix

sub/endo/cardi/al

beneath/within/heart/ pertaining to

(pertaining to beneath and within the heart)

Prefix/Combining Form/Root/Suffix

peri/cardi/o/mediastin/itis

surrounding/heart/mediastinum/ inflammation

(inflammation of the area surrounding the heart and the mediastinum)


See if you can pick the correct definition for the following terms:

the study of blood

pertaining to the interior of the abdomen

inflammation surrounding the heart

pertaining to the area above the stomach

pericarditis

epigastric

hematology

endoabdominal


Here are the correct term-definition matches:

pericarditis

epigastric

hematology

endoabdominal

inflammation surrounding the heart

pertaining to the area above the stomach

the study of blood

pertaining to the interior of the abdomen


The important components of medical terms are:

• Root: foundation of the term

• Suffix: word ending

• Prefix: word beginning

• Combining vowel: vowel that links the root to the suffix of the root to another root.

Remember

• Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning and then across.


Studying medical terminology is like learning a new ____

language

dance step

math skill

sport

a

b

c

d

Which of the following is not a medical term component?

root

suffix

consonant

combining vowel

a

b

c

d


The ___ is the foundation of the medical term.

suffix

root

prefix

vowel

a

b

c

d

The root plus vowel combination is called the ___

prefix

suffix

medical term

combining form

a

b

c

d


AnatomyAna/tomy comes from Greek word anatome

meaning cutting apart.Anatomy is the study of naming body

structures.

Health Terminology and the body:


Skeletal system


Femor/o = FemurThigh bone, the longest bone in the bodyFemoral: Pertaining to femoral (thigh) boneCalcane/o = CalcaneusCalcaneum = Calcaneus bone, a heel boneCalcanealgia: Pain in the heelilium ili/oili/ac crest is in pelvisNote: ileum ile/o is a part of small intestine, Stern/o = Sternum Sternalgia, Sternodynia: Pain in the sternum

Health Terminology and the body


Health Terminology and the body

SpineCervical - Cervic/oThoracic – Thorac/oLumbar - Lumb/oSacral - Sacr/oCoccygeal - Coccyg/o

Example: similar /different•Cervic/al: Pertaining to neck•Cervix is the neck of the uterus


Practice…The joint between the sacrum and the ilium

Sacr/o/ili/ac joint = Sacroiliac joint

Pertaining to the thorax and lumbar spinesThorac/o/lumbar = Thoracolumbar

Pertaining to the sacrum and the sciatic nerveSacr/o/sciat/ic = Sacrosciatic

Removal of the coccyCoccyg/ectomy = Coccygectomy Property of CY O’Connor Institute – Author Shona Andrews 37

Anatomical PositionThe science of anatomy describes all

aspects of motion from the frame of reference of the anatomical position.

The anatomical position is described as:Body upright in the vertical axis Legs and feet parallel Arms hanging by sides Palms and face are directed forward


Anatomical Position

Property of CY O’Connor Institute – Author Shona Andrews

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/en/e/e5/Body_chart.jpg

39


http://www.nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/images/ency/fullsize/8912.jpg

Deep

Superficial

Superficial = at the body’s surface.

Deep = farthest from the body’s surface

41

Body RegionsBody regions identify areas that have a

special nerve or vascular supply or those that perform a special function.

The most widely used terms are those used to describe the regions in the abdomen and also the abdominal quadrants.


Body Regions – Abdominal Regions

The Abdominal area is divided up into nine regions:Right and Left

HypochondriacEpigastricRight and Left

Lumbar (Lateral)UmbilicalRight and Left Iliac

(Inguinal)Hypogastric (pubic)

http://gastroresource.com/GITextbook/en/images/imgchp1/fig6.gif


http://gastroresource.com/GITextbook/en/images/imgchp1/fig6.gif

43

Reference Planes are imaginary lines used to section the body and it’s organs.

These lines can run either longitudinally, horizontally, and on an angle.

Reference Planes


Reference PlanesThe median sagittal plane passes

through the centre of the body, dividing it into two equal right and left halves.

The frontal plane, also called the coronal plane, passes at a right angle to the medial plane, dividing the body into front and back portions.

The transverse, or horizontal plane is at a right angle to both the median and frontal planes; it divides the body into upper (superior or cephalic) and lower (inferior or caudal) sections.


Body CavitiesBody cavities are

spaces within the body that contain internal organs.

There are two main cavities which are called the dorsal and ventral cavities.


OSTEO- BONESARTHRO- JOINTSCHONDRO- CARTILAGEMYO – MUSCLESCARDIO-HEARTPHLEB- VEINSARTERIO- ARTERIEHEPATO-LIVERNEPHR- OR REN-

KIDNEYSENCEPHAL-BRAIN

BODY SYSTEMS


HEMA- OR HEMAT- BLOODSPLENO- SPLEENNAS-NOSEPNUEMO-LUNGSORO-MOUTHGASTRO-STOMACHENTERO-SMALL

INTESTINECOLO-LARGE INTESTINEMYELO-SPINAL CORDOPTHAL, OR OCUL- EYESOT-, ACOUST- EARS

BODY SYSTEMS


HEPATO-LIVERNEPHR- OR REN- KIDNEYSCYST-, VESSICO- URINARY BLADDERNEUR- NERVOUS SYSTEMENCEPHAL-BRAINMYELO-SPINAL CORDOPTHAL, OR OCUL- EYESOT-, ACOUST- EARSCUTAN-, DERMAT– SKIN

BODY SYSTEMS


PrefixPrefixes may be divided into various

categories of meaning depending on how they modify the stem, such as location, time, Negation (countable) amount, color, size, orposition.


Prefix- locationEndo- is a prefix meaning within or inside. Metro is the stem meaning uterus.

Endometritis, then, is a word which means inflammation __________ the uterus.


Prefix- locationPeri- is a prefix which means around or

surrounding. Cardio is the stem for heart.

Pericarditis, then, is a word which means inflammation __________ the heart.


Prefix -timeThe prefixes ante- and pre- mean before. By combining the prefix ante-with the stem

partum, you know that antepartum means __________ childbirth.


Prefix -timeThe prefix post- also means after.

Consequently, a postoperative complication is a complication which occurred ____________ surgery.


Prefix –Negation (countable)

The prefixes a- or- an mean without or absence of.

Therefore, afebrile means __________ fever.

The stem esthesia means feeling. Therefore, anesthesia means __________ feeling.


Prefix-AmountUni- and mono- are prefixes which mean

one or single. Monocyte, for example, refers to a __________ cell. A unicycle has one wheel.

Bi- is a prefix indicating the number two. Bi-lateral, then, refers to __________ sides. A bicycle has two wheels


Prefix-AmountThe prefix for three is tri. Therefore, the

valve in the heart which has __________ parts is called the tricuspid valve. A tricycle has three wheels.

The prefix quadri- means four. A person with quadriplegia has paralysis in all __________ limbs


Prefix-AmountThe prefixes multi- and poly- mean many or

much. A person with polyneuritis has inflammation of __________ nerves.

The prefixes hemi- and semi- mean half. A person with hemiplegia has paralysis on one-______ of the body.


Prefix-Amount The prefix hypo- also means too little, or low.

Therefore, a person with hypotension has __________ blood pressure.

Hyper- is a prefix that is just the opposite of hypo-. Hyper means above or high. A person with hypertension, then, has blood pressure above the normal or __________ blood pressure.


Prefix-AmountThe prefix for fast is tachy-. A person with tachycardia has an abnormally

__________ heartbeat.

The prefix for slow is brady-. A person with bradycardia has an abnormally

__________ heartbeat.


Prefix-ColourThe prefix leuko- means white. A leukocyte, then, refers to a __________ blood

cell.

Erythro- is a prefix meaning red. An erythrocyte, therefore, refers to a

__________ blood cell.


Prefix-colourCyano- is a prefix meaning blue. Cyanosis refers to a __________ condition of

the skin.

Melano- is a prefix meaning dark or black. A melanoma is a malignant or __________

tumor.


Prefix-Size Micro- is a prefix meaning small. A cyte is a stem meaning cell. A microcyte,

therefore, is a very ______

Macro- is a prefix which means the opposite of micro-large.

Things that are macroscopic can be seen with the naked eye. Very large cells are called __________cytes.

Mega- is also a prefix which means large. A megacolon is an abnormally __________ colon.


SuffixMost suffixes are in common use in English,

but a few are peculiar to medicine. The suffixes most commonly used to indicate

disease are

-itis, meaning inflammation; -oma, meaning tumor; and -osis, meaning condition, usually morbid.


Suffix-diagnosis The suffix -cele means hernia, protrusion, or

tumor. A gastrocele, then, is a protrusion or __________

of the stomach.

-emia is the suffix for blood. A word we are all familiar with is leukemia,

which is an abnormal amount of immature white blood cells.

Hypoglycemia is a low amount of sugar in the __________.


Suffix-diagnosis

The suffix for inflammation is -itis.

Encephalitis, then, is __________ of the brain.

The suffix for hardening is -sclerosis. The stem for artery, as you will recall, is arterio. Arteriosclerosis, then, is __________ of the arteries.


Suffix-Symptons

-algia is a suffix meaning pain. Dentalgia, then, is the medical term for a __________ in the tooth.

-rrhagia is the suffix meaning excessive flow or discharge. Thus, hemorrhage is a term meaning __________ of blood.


- centesis: fluid removal (amniocentesis)- ectomy: removal- graphy, - gram: picture (arteriography,

pyelogram)

- plasty: to repair (rhinoplasty)- scopy: visual exam (colonoscopy, endoscopy)

PROCEDURES


Why would we use them?Quicker to rightQuicker to say

How would you make sure you were using the appropriate abbreviations for Your workplace? - Policies and procedures (see handout of Med terminology Policy abbreviations)

Abbreviations


Abbreviations in action

See if you can work out what each of the blue abbreviations mean.

See if you can work out what each of the blue abbreviations mean.


Listen to how words are pronounced- You may need to listen more than once

Repeat it, repeat it and repeat it again until you are comfortable with the pronunciation

Use it on its own and then in a sentenceKnowing the meaning of the words you are saying make it

easier to pronounceBreak the word into syllables to help in the

understanding of the words

Pronunciation


Jukebox

http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=GEN504 Abbreviations with soundhttp://nursing.flinders.edu.au/students/studyaids/clinicalcommunication/page_glossary.php?id=13Medical words with sound

http://ec.hku.hk/mt/pronunciation4.aspPronunciation site http://www.merck.com/mmhe/resources/pronunciations/index/a.htmlAbbreviationshttp://www.merck.com/mmhe/about/front/medterms.html?qt=terminology&alt=sh

Web sites that may help


legible, concise, accurate, relevant, in chronological order and current

Only abbreviations listed on the agency approved abbreviation list should be used.

Should any errors in documentation require correction, a neat line should be ruled through the entry and ‘written in error’ stated followed by the date, name and designation of the author. Correction fluid should never be used on any documentation in health records.

Documentation requirements


Think about how we communicate within different health Roles:

Client colleagues Other Professionals

Information given

Uncomplicated language

More complex language

complex language within their role

Channel usedFace to face, written

Face to face, written, verbal, recorded, electronic

Face to face, written, verbal, electronic

Amount of information

given

Minimal information (as needed)

More information in detail

Specific information for their role

Your role Confidentiality , Know what you are permitted to say within your role

Know when and what to report to senior staff

Know your role and responsibilities


RememberYou wont remember every word that you

hear or see and your not expected to.The more words you see, hear and say the

more you will rememberPractice using the correct terminology

whenever you can.Make it your plan to listen carefully

whenever the opportunity arrives to hear medical/health terminology

Say words out aloud , even if you have to read to your dog or cat it is good practise.


health terminology blackboard

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