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Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing December 7, 2015 New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

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What is “Environmental Health”? “Those aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors in the environment”. It also refers to “the theory and practice of assessing, correcting, controlling, and preventing those factors in the environment that can potentially affect adversely the health of present and future generations”. ~ World Health Organization, 2007 New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

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Page 1: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

Healthy Children for the Next Generations

Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health

Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing December 7, 2015

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 2: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

Objectives

Definitions

The burden of disease from environmental hazards

Hazards in children’s environments

Why children are not just little adults.

Children’s health issues related to hydraulic fracturing

Recommendations

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 3: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

What is “Environmental Health”?

“Those aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors in the environment”.

It also refers to “the theory and practice of assessing, correcting, controlling, and preventing those factors in the environment that can potentially affect adversely the health of present and future generations”.

~ World Health Organization, 2007

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 4: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

What is “Children’s Environmental

Health”?The scope of “childhood”:developmental stages from conception

through adolescence pre-conception exposures for both

parents Why children?Children are far more vulnerable than

adults.

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 5: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

The Environmental Burden of Disease in Canada

WHO identified significant diseases in adults in Canada with links to environmental hazards

Respiratory diseasesLung cancer, other cancersNeuro-developmental disorders (includes learning disabilities)Cardiovascular diseases

13% of Canada’s total burden of disease is preventable through healthier environments.

*Based on national exposure and WHO Canada statistics

Reference: WHO. Public Health and the Environment. 2009. Country profiles of environmental burden of disease by WHO regions.

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 6: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

The Environmental Burden of Disease in Canada

Boyd and Genuis (2008):

Every year in Canada, there are . . . .

10,000 – 25,000 deaths

78,000 – 194,000 hospitalizations

Up to 1.8 M restricted activity days due to asthma

500-2500 low birth weight babies

8,000 – 24,000 new cases of cancer

An estimated 2% - 10% of congenital anomalies*

. . . attributable to environmental factors.New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 7: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

The Environmental Burden of Disease in Canada

Boyd and Genuis (2008): Annually in Canada, there are between $3.6 and $9.1 Billion due to:

respiratory disease cardiovascular disease cancer and congenital affliction . . . that are associated with adverse environmental

exposures.

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 8: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

Chemicals in our BodiesOver 80,000 chemicals

have been produced since the mid 1950s.

Over 80% have never been tested for safety to human health.

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

• Our “body burden” of chemicals – found in adult blood, breast milk and infant cord blood.

• 2005 study found average of 200 industrial chemicals in infant cord blood. Many studies over the last decade confirm that there is nowhere on earth where the blood of infants is free of industrial chemicals.

Page 9: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

Children’s Exposures are Proportionally Far Greater Than Adults’

Adult’s Exposure Pathways

Air

Water

Soil

Food

Consumer

Products

Child’s Exposure Pathways

Air

Water

Soil

Food

Consumer products, such as toys, children’s jewelry, carpets, floor surfaces, etc.

+

Placenta

Breast milk

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 10: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Children’s Exposures are Greater . . . Continued

body mass (kg for kg of body weight, a child will drink more water, eat more food and breathe more air than an adult)

physiology (e.g., breathing is more rapid, ability to metabolize and excrete contaminants is less developed than in adults)

behaviours (children tend to be more active, explore their environment orally, and play lower to the ground where contaminants settle)

Page 11: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

Critical Windows of VulnerabilitySource: Stages of Human Development (courtesy of Dr Jerrold Heindel, US National Institute of

Environmental Health Sciences)

New Paradigm for Toxicology

“In early development, the timing makes the poison.”

Figure originally from Moore & Persaud, 1998

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 12: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

New Brunswick Focus

AsthmaLearning Disabilities/

Neurodevelopmental EffectsObesity/DiabetesAdverse Reproductive Outcomes

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 13: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

Health Impacts on Children from Chemicals

Used in Hydraulic Fracturing

Acute and chronic health problems in children and pregnant women, including respiratory, neurological, reproductive, and developmental impacts. ~US Center for Environmental Health

Exposing children to chemicals related to shale gas development affects development over time, from pre-conception in utero infancy early childhood to full maturity in late teen years. ~US Center for Environmental Health

Page 14: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

What We Know For Sure

Canada, a signatory to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, is obligated to protect children’s health.

Most adverse environmental exposures are

preventable through stronger public

policy, technological change and changing

our behaviour. ~ Boyd and Genuis, 2008

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 15: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

Recommendations to Government

Continue the moratorium on shale gas development until human and ecological safety can be assured.

Recognize that protecting environments in order to protect children’s health is a collective responsibility of society.

Implement the Recommendations of the NB Chief Medical Officer of Health concerning shale gas development, 2012.

Support the proposed Bill of Rights to protect the health of children from environmental harm.

New Brunswick Children's Environmental Health Collaborative

Page 16: Healthy Children for the Next Generations Engaging Policymakers in Children’s Environmental Health Presentation to the NB Commission on Hydraulic Fracturing

Contact InfoBonnie Hamilton Bogart, Team Lead for “Team Policy” of the New Brunswick Children’s Environmental Health Collaborative (NB CEH Collaborative) [email protected]

NB Children’s Environmental Health Collaborative: http://www.nben.ca/index.php/en/groups-in-action/working-together/new-brunswick-children-s-environmental-health-collaborative

New Brunswick Environmental Health Network: http://www.nben.ca

Proposed NB Bill of Rights to Protect Children’s Health from Environmental Hazards: FB: http://on.fb.me/1nCxAbm   Website:  http://nben.ca/childrens-rights