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Healthy Communities:

Immunisation rates or children in 2011–12

National Health Performance Authority



Healthy Communities:

Immunisation rates or children in 2011–12





GPO Box 9848

Sydney, NSW 2001 Australia

Telephone: +61 2 9186 9210

www.nhpa.gov.au

Paper-based publications

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ISSN: 2201-8212

ISBN: 978-1-74241-900-8

Online ISBN: 978-1-74241-901-5

Suggested citation: National Health Perormance Authority 2013, Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates or

children in 2011–12, NHPA, Sydney.

Further copies o this document can be downloaded rom www.nhpa.gov.au

Published April 2013.

Please note that there is the potential or minor revisions o this report.

Please check www.nhpa.gov.au or any amendments.



iNational Health Performance Authority Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates for children in 2011–12www.nhpa.gov.au

About the Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Key ndings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Next steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

About this report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Why immunisation matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Improving uptake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

About the data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Key ndings: All children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Percentages ully immunised: Variation by Medicare Local catchment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Percentages ully immunised: Variation by age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

Numbers o children not ully immunised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Lower-level reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Key ndings: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Percentages ully immunised: Variation by Medicare Local catchment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Percentages ully immunised: Variation by age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Numbers o children not ully immunised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Comparison between percentages o Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children ully

immunised and all children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

Children ully immunised: Medicare Local catchment snapshot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children ully immunised:

Medicare Local catchment snapshot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Children aged 1 year who were ully immunised, 2011–12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 1 year who were ully immunised, 2011–12 . . 17

Children aged 2 years who were ully immunised, 2011–12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 2 years who were ully immunised, 2011–12 . . 21

Children aged 5 years who were ully immunised, 2011–12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 5 years who were ully immunised, 2011–12 . . 25

Children aged 1 year who were ully immunised, by statistical area, 2011–12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Children aged 2 years who were ully immunised, by statistical area, 2011–12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Children aged 5 years who were ully immunised, by statistical area, 2011–12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Table o contents



ii National Health Performance AuthorityHealthy Communities: Immunisation rates for children in 2011–12 www.nhpa.gov.au



iiiNational Health Performance Authority Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates for children in 2011–12www.nhpa.gov.au

About the Authority

The National Health Perormance Authority

(the Authority) is an independent body that

provides locally relevant and nationally consistentinormation on the perormance o hospitals and

other health care organisations. The Authority was

set up under the National Health Reorm Act 2011

and commenced ull operations in 2012.

Under the terms o the Act, the Authority monitors,

and reports on, the perormance o Local Hospital

Networks, public and private hospitals, primary

health care organisations and other bodies thatprovide health care services.

The Authority’s reports provide timely and

impartial inormation that allows all Australians to

airly compare their local health care organisations

against their peers.

The reports let people see, or the rst time, how their

local health care organisations measure up against

comparable organisations across Australia.

The Authority’s activities are guided by a

document called the Perormance and

Accountability Framework agreed by the

Council o Australian Governments (COAG). The

ramework contains 48 indicators that orm the

basis or the Authority’s reports.

The Authority’s role includes reporting on theperormance o health care organisations against

the 48 indicators in order to identiy both high-

perorming Local Hospital Networks, Medicare

Locals and hospitals (so eective practices can

be shared), and Local Hospital Networks and

Medicare Locals that perorm poorly (so that

steps can be taken to address problems).

The Authority releases reports on a quarterly

basis, and also publishes perormance data on the

MyHospitals website and on www.nhpa.gov.au

The Authority consists o a Chairman, a Deputy

Chairman and ve other members, appointed or

up to ve years. Members o the Authority are:

• Ms Patricia Faulkner AO (Chairman)

• Mr John Walsh AM (Deputy Chairman)

• Dr David Filby PSM

• Pro Michael Reid

• Pro Bryant Stokes AM RFD

• Pro Paul Torzillo AM

• Pro Claire Jackson (acting member).

The conclusions in this report are those o the

Authority. No ocial endorsement rom any

Minister, department o health or health care

organisation is intended or should be inerred.



iv National Health Performance AuthorityHealthy Communities: Immunisation rates for children in 2011–12 www.nhpa.gov.au



vNational Health Performance Authority Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates for children in 2011–12www.nhpa.gov.au

Summary

Immunisation helps protect individuals and thecommunity generally against potentially serious

diseases such as measles, polio, tetanus and

whooping cough (pertussis).

Although the great majority o children in Australia

are immunised, it is important to maintain high

immunisation rates to reduce the risk o outbreaks

o these and other diseases recurring.

Australian governments and experts endorse

achieving high immunisation rates to protect

individuals and those not immunised or too

young to be immunised. States and territories

are expected to maintain or improve their existing

respective immunisation rates under the terms o

the National Partnership Agreement on Essential

Vaccines agreed in 2009.

This report allows the public, clinicians and

health managers to see or all children, and or

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children,

the percentages ully immunised and how those

percentages dier across the country. It reports

these immunisation rates or each o the 61

geographic areas covered by the new network o

Medicare Locals, which have been established

to improve the responsiveness, coordination and

integration o local health services.

These data were sourced rom the Australian

Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR). It is

important to note that these data cover the period

rom July 2011 to June 2012. As Medicare Locals

were still being set up during this time, this report

establishes a baseline or comparisons that in uture

will help clinicians, health managers and others to

assess whether improvements are occurring.

Where possible, the results are broken down intogeographic areas that are smaller than Medicare

Local catchments – more than 300 statistical

areas and more than 1500 postcodes.

The report shows the percentages o children

who were ully immunised at 1 year, 2 years and

5 years in each Medicare Local catchment, and in

the smaller units o geography where applicable.

Also reported are the numbers o children in eacharea who are not ully immunised.

Key fndings

The report’s ndings can be considered in the

context o three broad themes:

• The percentages o children ully immunised

and variation between Medicare Local

catchments, and between age groups

• The numbers o children who are not ully

immunised in each Medicare Local catchment

• Lower immunisation rates among Aboriginal

and Torres Strait Islander children.

Percentages ully immunised and variation

between Medicare Local catchments

There was considerable variation between

Medicare Local catchments in terms o the

percentages o all children ully immunised across

all three age groups (Figure 3, page 10).

The percentages o all children ully immunised at:

• 1 year o age ranged rom 85% in Far West

NSW to 94% in Great South Coast (Vic), Hume

(Vic), Barwon (Vic), Murrumbidgee (NSW),

Grampians (Vic), Goulburn Valley (Vic) and

Australian Capital Territory (page 16).



vi National Health Performance AuthorityHealthy Communities: Immunisation rates for children in 2011–12 www.nhpa.gov.au

• 2 years o age ranged rom 89% in NorthCoast NSW, Eastern Sydney and Sunshine

Coast (Qld) to 96% in Great South Coast (Vic)

(page 20)

• 5 years o age ranged rom 84% in Eastern

Sydney to 95% in Great South Coast (Vic)

(page 24).

Variation across age groups

Comparing the three age groups, percentages o

children ully immunised were highest at 2 years o

age. Out o the three age groups, percentages o

all children ully immunised at 2 years o age were

highest (or equal highest) or all but seven o the

61 Medicare Local catchments (Figure 3,

page 10).

Rates were lowest at 5 years o age. Percentages

o all children ully immunised at 5 years were

lowest (or equal lowest) o the three age groups

or all but our o the 61 Medicare Locals.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children

In many Medicare Local catchments,

immunisation rates among Aboriginal and Torres

Strait Islander children were considerably lower

than they were or all children (Figure 5,

page 12).

The percentages o Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander children ully immunised at:

• 1 year o age ranged rom 69% in Bentley-

Armadale (WA) to 94% in Gold Coast (Qld)

(page 18)

• 2 years o age ranged rom 80% in Central

Adelaide and Hills to 97% in Northern Territory

and Gold Coast (Qld) (page 22)

• 5 years o age ranged rom 70% in Perth

North Metro to 95% in Central and North West

Queensland (page 26).

Not only were the ranges wider when looking

at Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children,but the percentages were lower among a large

number o Medicare Local catchments.

The number o Medicare Local catchments where

less than 90% o children were ully immunised

was as ollows1:

1 year o age:

All children: 2 (o 61 reported)

Indigenous children: 46 (o 54 reported)2

2 years o age:


Indigenous children: 16 (o 56 reported)

5 years o age:


Indigenous children: 35 (o 55 reported)

There were also 12 Medicare Local catchmentswhere less than 80% o Aboriginal and Torres

Strait Islander children, in at least one age group,

were ully immunised – eight or 1 year olds and

nine or 5 year olds. No catchments returned

results below 80% or all children (pages 18

and 26).

1. The level o 90% o children ully immunised does not relate to any benchmarks and is used here or indicative purposes only.

2. Results are not reported or Medicare Local catchments or any age group with less than 26 children registered with the ACIR.



viiNational Health Performance Authority Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates for children in 2011–12www.nhpa.gov.au

Lower-level reporting

The report also shows the percentages o all

children ully immunised in more than 300 smaller

local areas called Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3s).

There were 32 statistical areas where the

percentages o all children ully immunised were

85% or lower or at least one age group.



95% or higher or at least one age group.

There were 898,373 children aged 1, 2 or 5 years

registered with the ACIR in 2011–12. O these, the

data suggests 76,769 are not ully immunised:

• or children aged 1 year - 24,360

• or children aged 2 years - 22,334

• or children aged 5 years - 30,075.

(pages 29 to 40).

Results or Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

children are not reported or statistical areas because

the populations o Indigenous children in those areas

are too small to support reliable estimates.

Numbers o children not ully immunised

Some Medicare Local catchments contained

high numbers o children who were not ully

immunised. There are Medicare Local catchments

where more than 1000 children aged 1, 2 or 5

years are not ully immunised (page 6).

Next steps

The National Immunisation Program Schedule has

been expanded since the data in this report werecollected. Future Authority reports will include

data against the denition o ully immunised

applied in this report and also include data on

the revised denition o ully immunised, which

includes additional vaccines on the National

Immunisation Program Schedule.

The Authority is aware o issues with measuring

percentages o children ully immunised in some

urban areas. Factors such as population mobility

and large immigrant populations may make tracking

childhood immunisation rates more dicult.

A better understanding is also needed o the level o

identication o children as Aboriginal and/or Torres

Strait Islander in the Medicare enrolment data that

is used in the ACIR, and the impact or reporting

immunisation rates or these children.

The Authority will consider ways to address these

issues in the uture.

What is the percentage o

children who are ully immunised

in your local area?

The National Health Perormance Authorityhas released 2011–12 data or Medicare

Local catchments, or more than 300

smaller geographic areas, and or more

than 1500 postcodes, on the percentages

o all children who are ully immunised at

1 year, 2 years and 5 years.

For inormation about your local area, go to

www.nhpa.gov.au



1 National Health Performance AuthorityHealthy Communities: Immunisation rates for children in 2011–12 www.nhpa.gov.au

Introduction

About this report

The Authority bases its perormance reports

on the 48 indicators agreed by the Council o

Australian Governments (COAG). In this report, the

Authority has ocused on the indicator that relates

to rates o childhood immunisation.

While the percentages o children ully immunised

are periodically reported at the state and national

level, this report is dierent in that it provides this

inormation at much smaller units o geography.

This report states the percentages or all children,

and or all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

children, who are ully immunised at three time

points – 1 year, 2 years and 5 years – or each area

served by the new network o Medicare Locals.

There are 61 Medicare Locals across Australia,which were established in 2011 to improve the

responsiveness, coordination and integration o

local health services.

This report provides some data or even smaller

geographic areas, called Statistical Areas Level 3

(SA3s), which are used by the Australian Bureau o

Statistics. Some data are also available at the level

o individual postcodes at www.nhpa.gov.au

The Authority has chosen to ocus this report on

childhood immunisation at this level o geographic

detail in order to help clinicians and health

managers better understand where more work

needs to be done to increase the percentages o

ully immunised children.

Fully immunised means that a child has received

a subset o vaccinations that are detailed in the

National Immunisation Program Schedule or

their age. Four vaccinations on that Schedule

are excluded or the purposes o measuring ully

immunised status. Fully immunised or age means a

child received the most recent vaccination or each

disease, and assumes all previous vaccinations

were administered (Figure 1, page 2).

It is important to note that these data relate to the

period July 2011 to June 2012, while Medicare

Locals were still being set up. Accordingly, the

ndings do not refect on the perormance o

Medicare Locals as organisations.

Why immunisation matters

Routine childhood immunisations protect babies

and children against potentially serious diseasessuch as measles, polio, tetanus and whooping

cough (pertussis) (Glossary, page 41).

Although the majority o children in Australia

are immunised, it is important to maintain high

immunisation rates. When high percentages o

people are ully immunised, diseases such as

whooping cough have less opportunity to

spread because there are ewer people who

can be inected.

In addition, people who remain susceptible

to inection – such as babies too young to be

immunised and people with specic medical

conditions that prevent them rom being immunised

– may be indirectly protected, as they are less likely

to be exposed to disease. This concept is called

“herd immunity” or “community immunity”.



2National Health Performance Authority Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates for children in 2011–12www.nhpa.gov.au

VaccinationsMeasured

for fully

immunised at

Hepatitis B (hepB)

Diphtheria, tetanus and

whooping cough (DTPa)

Haemophilus inuenzae

type b (Hib)

Polio (IPV)

Hepatitis B (hepB)




type b (Hib)

Polio (IPV)

Diphtheria, tetanus andwhooping cough (DTPa)

Polio (IPV)

Measles, mumps and

rubella (MMR)


type b (Hib)

Measles, mumps and

rubella (MMR)

1 year

2 years

5 years

2 m o n t h s

4 m o n t h s

1 2 m o n t h s

4 y e a r s

Agedue

Hepatitis B (hepB)




type b (Hib)

Polio (IPV) 6 m o n t h s

3. World Health Organization, WHO guidelines or epidemic preparedness and response to measles outbreaks, WHO, Geneva, May 1999.

4. World Health Organization, Measles vaccines: WHO position paper, Weekly epidemiological record , No 35, 84, 349–360, WHO, Geneva, 2009.5. Centers or Disease Control and Prevention (2013), Pertussis requently asked questions (actsheet), [Online] Available at: www.cdc.gov/pertussis/

about/faqs.html Accessed 26 March 2013.

6. Medicare Local Key Reporting Areas or 2012–13. Key Reporting Area 2: Maintain or improve immunisation coverage rates or children.

Figure 1: Vaccinations measured or ullyimmunised status

According to the World Health Organization(WHO), measles is a potentially serious and highly

contagious disease (with a single inected person

able to inect up to 17-20 other people).3 The WHO

has advocated an immunisation rate o greater

than 93–95% or all districts within a country to

ensure measles elimination.4 The US Centers

or Disease Control and Prevention considers

whooping cough to be so inectious (with a single

inected person able to inect up to 12-15 otherpeople) that it is important everyone gets the

recommended vaccine.5

Improving uptake

From 1 July 2012, Medicare Locals are

responsible or ensuring high immunisation rates

are maintained across their catchments.6

The National Partnership Agreement (NPA)on Essential Vaccines, established by

Commonwealth, state and territory governments

through COAG in 2009, set benchmarks or

maintaining or improving the percentage o

children ully immunised or:

• all children at 4 years o age (measured at 5

years o age)

• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children at

1, 2 and 5 years o age

• all children in areas o low immunisation.

For the purposes o reporting the data, ully immunised

means a child receives the vaccinations due at or immediately

prior to the age at which the measurement occurs. It is

assumed that all previous vaccinations were received.

Note:




7. Hull BP, Shelley LD, McIntyre PB. The Australian Childhood Immunisation Register - A model or universal immunisation registers? Vaccine 2009;

27: 5054–5060.

The Commonwealth government pays or thepurchase o all essential vaccines and provides

payments to the states and territories and general

practices that are linked to achieving high rates o

immunisation and notication to the ACIR.

About the data

Data or this report, Healthy Communities:

Immunisation rates or children in 2011–12,

were sourced rom the Australian ChildhoodImmunisation Register (ACIR) which is

administered by the Australian Government

Department o Human Services (Medicare).

It has been estimated that ACIR includes close to

99% o Australian children.7

The report includes data on both the percentages

o children ully immunised and the numbers o children not ully immunised. All data rom the

ACIR are mapped to Medicare Local catchment

areas in which children live (i.e. by the postcode

or their address), rather than the areas in which

the services are provided.

For more inormation, see Healthy Communities:

Immunisation rates or children in 2011–12,

Technical Supplement at www.nhpa.gov.au

Australian Childhood

Immunisation Register

The Australian Childhood Immunisation

Register (ACIR) is a national register that

records immunisations given to children

up to the age o 7 years.

The ACIR helps parents and guardians

keep track o children’s immunisations.It also enables governments and health

managers to monitor immunisation

coverage in Australia.

The ACIR provides immunisation history

statements that can be used as proo

o immunisation status or childcare and

school enrolments. Children who are

not immunised are subject to exclusion

rom childcare and school when disease

outbreaks occur.

Lower-level data

Inormation on the percentages o

children ully immunised is available or

local communities across Australia at

www.nhpa.gov.au

The purpose o providing local

inormation is to help clinicians and

health managers to target their eorts

to protect the health o children and the

broader community. Note that where the

number o children or an area is very

small, data has been withheld to preserve

condentiality.



Child immunisation ratesKey ndings 2011–12

4




Percentages ully immunised: Variation by Medicare Local

catchment



percentages o all children ully immunised across

all three age groups.

Percentages o 1 year olds ully immunised,

by Medicare Local catchment

The percentage o children aged 1 year ully

immunised ranged rom:

Highest 94% – Great South Coast (Vic), Hume

(Vic), Barwon (Vic), Murrumbidgee (NSW),

Grampians (Vic), Goulburn Valley (Vic), Australian

Capital Territory

Lowest 85% – Far West NSW (pages 15

and 16).



The percentage o children aged 2 years ully


Highest 96% – Great South Coast (Vic)

Lowest 89% – North Coast NSW, Eastern

Sydney, Sunshine Coast (Qld) (pages 19

and 20).



The percentage o all children aged 5 years ully


Highest 95% – Great South Coast (Vic)

Lowest 84% – Eastern Sydney (pages 23

and 24).

Percentages ully immunised: Variation by age

Immunisation rates were highest at 2 years o

age. Out o the three age groups, percentages o

children ully immunised at 2 years o age were

highest (or equal highest) or all but seven o the

61 Medicare Local catchments.

Rates were lowest at 5 years o age. Percentages

o children ully immunised at 5 years were lowest

(or equal lowest) o the three age groups or all but

our o the 61 Medicare Local catchments

(Figure 3, page 10).

For children aged 1 year, two Medicare

Local catchments recorded percentages

ully immunised o less than 90%, while three

catchments had less than 90% or children

aged 2 years.

For children aged 5 years, 23 Medicare Local

catchments had less than 90% o children

ully immunised.8

Numbers o children not ully

immunised

In a Medicare Local catchment with a large

population, a high percentage o children whoare ully immunised can conceal a high number

o children who are not ully immunised (Figure 2,

page 9).

In our Medicare Local catchments, there were

more than 1000 children who were not ully

immunised in one or more age groups. One

Medicare Local catchment (Western Sydney) had

Key fndings: All children





nearly 3600 children who were not ully immunisedacross the three age groups combined (pages 16,

20 and 24).

The largest single group o children not ully

immunised in one Medicare Local catchment was

1287 (recorded in Western Sydney or 5 year olds).

Numbers o 1 year olds not ully immunised,


The number o all children aged 1 year not ully

immunised ranged rom more than 1100, recorded

in Western Sydney, Greater Metro South Brisbane

and South Western Sydney, to ewer than 80

recorded in Far West NSW, Central and Northern

Queensland and Great South Coast (Vic) (page 16).



The number o all children aged 2 years not ully

immunised ranged rom almost 1100, recorded

in Western Sydney, to ewer than 80, recorded

in Lower Murray (Vic), Great South Coast (Vic),

Central and North West Queensland, and Far

West NSW (page 20).



The number o all children aged 5 years not

ully immunised ranged rom more than 1200,

recorded in Western Sydney, South Western

Sydney and Greater Metro South Brisbane to

ewer than 80 recorded in Greater South Coast

(Vic), Far West NSW, and Central and North West

Queensland (page 24).

Lower-level reporting

Where possible, the percentages o children ully

immunised have been broken down by smaller

local areas called Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3)

which are used by the Australian Bureau o

Statistics. There are 333 statistical areas covering

the whole o Australia without gaps or overlaps.



85% or lower or at least one age group:

• or children 1 year o age - 4 statistical areas

• or children 2 years o age - 4

• or children 5 years o age - 30.



95% or higher or at least one age group:• or children 1 year o age - 23 statistical areas



(pages 29 to 40).

Results or Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

children are not reported or statistical areas because

the populations o these children in most o statistical

areas are too small to support reliable estimates.

Local-level data are available at

www.nhpa.gov.au




Key fndings: Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander children

The data presented here refect results or thosechildren who were identied as Aboriginal and

Torres Strait Islander in the Australian Childhood

Immunisation Register (ACIR) during 2011–12.

The ACIR data are based on Medicare enrolment

records and levels o identication may vary

between Medicare Local catchments.

Percentages ully immunised:

Variation by Medicare Localcatchment



percentages o Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander children ully immunised across all three

age groups.


by Medicare Local catchment The percentage o Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander children aged 1 ully immunised

ranged rom:

Highest 94% – Gold Coast (Qld)

Lowest 69% – Bentley-Armadale (WA) (pages 17

and 18).



The percentage o Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander children aged 2 ully immunised

ranged rom:

Highest 97% – Northern Territory and Gold

Coast (Qld)

Lowest 80% – Central Adelaide and Hills (pages

21 and 22).

Percentages o 5 year olds ully immunised,by Medicare Local catchment

The percentage o Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander children aged 5 years ully immunised

ranged rom:

Highest 95% – Central and North West

Queensland

Lowest 70% – Perth North Metro (pages 25

and 26).

Percentages ully immunised:

Variation by age

Immunisation rates were highest at 2 years o

age. Out o the three age groups, percentages

o Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children

ully immunised at 2 years o age were highest (or

equal highest) or all but seven o the 56 Medicare

Local catchments reported (Figure 5, page 12).9

Rates were lowest or children at 1 year o age.

Percentages o Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

children ully immunised at 1 year were lowest (or

equal lowest) o the three age groups or 35 o the

56 Medicare Local catchments reported.

The percentages ully immunised or Aboriginal

and Torres Strait Islander children aged 1 year

and 5 years were also much lower than the 2 yearage group.

For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children

aged 2 years, 16 Medicare Local catchments

recorded percentages ully immunised o less

than 90%.10

9. Results are not reported or Medicare Local catchments or any age group with less than 26 children registered with the ACIR.





But or children aged 1 year, there were 46Medicare Local catchments with percentages

below 90%, and 35 catchments had less than

90% or children aged 5 years.

There were also eight Medicare Local catchments

with percentages below 80% or children aged

1 year, and nine catchments with results below

80% or children aged 5 years.

Numbers o children not ully

immunised

There were three Medicare Local catchments that

recorded more than 100 Aboriginal and Torres

Strait Islander children aged 1 year who were not

ully immunised (Figure 4, page 11).

At 148, the largest single group o Aboriginal and

Torres Strait Islander children not ully immunisedwas recorded or 1 year olds. Next were 5 year

olds, with 110 in the largest group o children not

ully immunised. The largest group o 2 year olds

not ully immunised was 63 (pages 18, 22

and 26).



The number o Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander children aged 1 year not ully immunised

ranged rom 148 to 5 or ewer (page 18).




Islander children aged 2 years not ully immunised


Numbers o 5 year olds not ully immunised,by Medicare Local catchment


Islander children aged 5 years not ully immunised


Comparison between percentages o

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

children ully immunised and all

children

The highest percentages recorded or Aboriginal

and Torres Strait Islander children in Medicare

Local catchments exceeded or equalled those

recorded or all children. However, the lowest

percentages recorded or Aboriginal and Torres

Strait Islander children were substantially lower

than those recorded or all children (pages 18,

22 and 26).

The lowest percentage o ully immunised


recorded or 1 year olds was 69%, compared with

85% or all children – a variation o 16 percentage

points (pages 16 and 18).

The lowest percentage o ully immunised


recorded or 5 year olds was 70%, compared with84% or all children – a variation o 14 percentage

points (pages 24 and 26).

At 80%, the lowest percentage o ully immunised


recorded or 2 year olds was closest to that

recorded or all children, which was 89%. The

variation was 9 percentage points (pages 20

and 22).




It is important to look at the percentages o

children who were ully immunised in conjunction

with the numbers o children who were not ully

immunised. (For the numbers o children aged

1, 2 and 5 not ully immunised see pages 16,

20 and 24.) A Medicare Local catchment with

a large population can have a high percentage

o children that are ully immunised and a high

number o children who are not ully immunised.

Figure 2 shows the percentages o children that

were ully immunised and the numbers o children

not ully immunised at 1 year, 2 years and 5 years.

Each dot represents a Medicare Local catchment.

The size o each dot is scaled to represent the

number o children in each Medicare Local

catchment that were not ully immunised.

The gure shows that there were Medicare Local

catchments with 93% o children who were ully

immunised that still contain groups o more than

600 children who were not ully immunised. The

largest single group o children who were not

ully immunised was recorded or 5 year olds

(1287 children).

Figure 3 on the opposite page compares the

percentages o children ully immunised or 1 year

olds, 2 year olds and 5 year olds by Medicare

Local catchment.

The gure shows that the percentage o children

who were ully immunised at 2 years generally

exceeded that recorded or 1 year olds. In most

cases, the percentage recorded or 5 year olds

was the lowest.

Children ully immunised:

Medicare Local catchment snapshot

Number not ully immunised

∙∙∙ 93 up to 95%

∙∙∙ 90 up to 93%

95 to 100%

90 up to 95%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%

75 up to 80%

Percentage ully immunised

50

100

250

500

1000

1250

Children aged 1 year

Children aged 2 years

Children aged 5 years

Figure 2: Percentages o all children1 in eacho 61 Medicare Local catchments that are

ully immunised by age and number not ully

immunised, 2011–12

Each dot represents one Medicare Local catchment



96%

94%

92%

90%

88%

86%

84%

96%

94%

92%

90%

88%

86%

84%

96%

94%

92%

90%

88%

86%

84%




1. Data are reported as whole numbers. However, or graphical display they are plotted by 2 decimal places.

Source: Department o Human Services, Australian Childhood Immunisation Register statistics 2011–12, data supplied 14/01/2013.

Figure 3: Percentages o all children1 in each o 61 Medicare Local catchments that are

ully immunised by age, 2011–12

Fully immunised at age 1yr 2yrs 5yrs

Medicare Local catchments

Postcode-level data available

at www.nhpa.gov.au

Defnitions o ullyimmunised at:

1 year

Fully immunised at 1 year means

that a child aged 12 months to

less than 15 months received

their third vaccination or

diphtheria, tetanus, whooping

cough and polio and either their

second or third vaccination

(dependent on the type o

vaccine used) or hepatitis B andHaemophilus infuenzae type

b, all prior to the age o 1 year.

It is assumed that all previous

vaccinations were received.

2 years

Fully immunised at 2 years means

that a child aged 24 to less than

27 months received their third or

ourth vaccination (dependent

on the type o vaccine used) or


cough and Haemophilus

infuenzae type b, their thirdvaccination or polio and hepatitis

B and their frst vaccination or

measles, mumps and rubella,

all prior to the age o 2 years.



5 years

Fully immunised at 5 years

means that a child aged 60 to


their ourth or fth vaccination


vaccine used) or diphtheria,tetanus and whooping cough,

their ourth vaccination or polio

and their second vaccination

or measles mumps and rubella,




70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95%

Great South Coast (Vic).........................

Hume (Vic/NSW) ...................................

Barwon (Vic) .........................................

Murrumbidgee (NSW)............................

Grampians (Vic) ....................................

Goulburn Valley (Vic) .............................

Australian Capital Territory .................... .

Gippsland (Vic) ...................... ................

New England (NSW) .............................

Western NSW .......................................

Country North SA .................................

Hunter (NSW)........................................

Bayside (Vic) .........................................

Sthn Adelaide-Fleurieu-Kangaroo Is. .....

Townsville-Mackay (Qld) ................... .....

Country South SA .................................

Metro North Brisbane............................

Frankston-Mornington Peninsula (Vic) ...

Inner East Melbourne ............................

Northern Adelaide .................................

Tasmania ................... ...................... .....

Northern Melbourne ..............................

South Western Melbourne ....................

South Eastern Sydney ..........................

Wide Bay (Qld) ......................................

Macedon Ranges & NW Melb ...............

Illawarra-Shoalhaven (NSW) ..................

South Eastern Melbourne......................

Nepean-Blue Mountains (NSW) .............Eastern Melbourne................................

Loddon-Mallee-Murray (Vic/NSW) .........

Central Qld ...........................................

Kimberley-Pilbara (WA) ..................... .....

Southern NSW ...................... ................

Darling Downs-SW Qld .........................

Central Coast NSW ...................... .........

Northern Territory ..................... .............

West Moreton-Oxley (Qld) .....................

Inner West Sydney ................................

South Western Sydney .........................

Northern Sydney ................... ................

Inner NW Melbourne .............................

Sydney North Shore & Beaches ............

Gold Coast (Qld) ...................................

Central & NW Qld .................................

Western Sydney....................................

Greater Metro South Brisbane ...............

Central Adelaide & Hills .........................

Perth North Metro .................................

Lower Murray (Vic/NSW) .......................

Perth South Coastal ..............................

South West WA ....................................

Goldelds-Midwest (WA) .......................

Far North Qld ........................................

Bentley-Armadale (WA) .........................

Perth Central & East Metro ....................

Fremantle (WA) .....................................

Eastern Sydney.....................................

Sunshine Coast (Qld) ............................

North Coast NSW .................................

Far West NSW ......................................

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

88%

85%

96%

95%

95%

95%

94%

93%

94%

94%

94%

95%

95%

94%

93%

92%

95%

95%

93%

93%

92%

93%

94%

93%

93%

92%

94%

93%

94%

93%

94%93%

94%

94%

93%

93%

94%

94%

94%

93%

91%

93%

92%

93%

90%

91%

95%

92%

93%

91%

91%

92%

91%

92%

92%

94%

90%

90%

90%

89%

89%

89%

94%

95%

93%

92%

92%

93%

91%

92%

93%

92%

91%

91%

93%

92%

87%

92%

89%

91%

91%

91%

88%

91%

91%

91%

92%

92%

91%

92%

91%

90%91%

92%

90%

86%

89%

92%

92%

89%

91%

88%

91%

89%

90%

87%

89%

92%

90%

90%

86%

87%

87%

87%

89%

89%

91%

86%

86%

87%

84%

87%

86%

88%

Statistical Area Level 3 and

postcode-level data availableat www.nhpa.gov.au




Figure 4 shows the percentages o Aboriginal

and Torres Strait Islander children that were ully

immunised and the numbers o children not ully

immunised at 1 year, 2 years and 5 years.

Each dot represents a Medicare Local catchment.

The size o each dot is scaled to represent the

number o children in each Medicare Local

catchment that were not ully immunised.

There were large variations in the percentages o

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children who

were ully immunised in all three age groups. The

largest variation was recorded or 1 year olds and

5 year olds. The percentages o children aged 1

who were ully immunised ranged rom 94% to

69%, and or children aged 5, the percentages

ranged rom 95% to 70%. The percentages o

children aged 2 years who were ully immunised

ranged rom 97% to 80%.

Figure 5 on the opposite page compares the

percentages o Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

children ully immunised or 1 year olds, 2 year olds

and 5 year olds by Medicare Local catchment.

The gure shows that the percentages o children

who were ully immunised at 2 years almost

always exceeded that recorded or 1 year olds.

The percentages recorded or 5 year olds was

almost always lower than that or 2 year olds.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children ully

immunised: Medicare Local catchment snapshot

Figure 4: Percentages o

Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander children1 in each o 61


that are ully immunised by

age and number not ully


Number not ully immunised

∙∙∙ 93 up to 95%

∙∙∙ 90 up to 93%

95 to 100%

90 up to 95%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%

75 up to 80%

70 up to 75%

65 up to 70%

Percentage ully immunised

≤5

25

50

75

100

150

Aboriginal and Torres

Strait Islander children

aged 1 year



aged 2 years



aged 5 years

Interpret with caution, population

between 26 and 100 children

96%

94%

92%

90%

88%

86%

84%

82%

80%

78%

76%

74%

72%

70%

96%

94%

92%

90%

88%

86%

84%

82%

80%

78%

76%

74%

72%

70%

96%

94%

92%

90%

88%

86%

84%

82%

80%

78%

76%

74%

72%

70%Each dot represents

one Medicare Local

catchment

Each dot represents

one Medicare Local

catchment

Each dot represents

one Medicare Local

catchment




1. Data are reported as whole numbers. However, or graphical display they are plotted by 2 decimal places.

Note: Interpret with caution: the eligible population is between 26 and 100 Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander children, so small data errors can aect

results.


Figure 5: Percentages o Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children1 in each o

61 Medicare Local catchments that are ully immunised by age, 2011–12

1yr 2yrs 5yrsFully immunised at age


Interpret with caution: the

eligible population is between

26 and 100 children, so small

data errors can aect results.

Not published as less than 26

registered children in age group.

#

NP

70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95%


Gold Coast (Qld) ...................................

Tasmania ................... ...................... .....


Central Coast NSW...............................

Hume (Vic/NSW) ...................................

Northern Territory ...................... ............


Hunter (NSW)........................................


Eastern Sydney.....................................



Kimberley-Pilbara (WA) ..................... .....


Far North Qld ........................................

Southern NSW ...................... ................

Grampians (Vic) ....................................



New England (NSW) .............................

Central & NW Qld .................................

Wide Bay (Qld) ......................................


Barwon (Vic) .........................................

North Coast NSW .................................

Nepean-Blue Mountains (NSW) .............


Western NSW .......................................Sunshine Coast (Qld) ............................


Gippsland (Vic) ...................... ................

Central Qld ...........................................

Northern Melbourne ..............................

South West WA ....................................

Country South SA .................................

Fremantle (WA) .....................................




Australian Capital Territory ................... ..

Country North SA .................................

Townsville-Mackay (Qld) ...................... ..




Western Sydney....................................





Far West NSW ......................................

Perth Central & East Metro ....................


Bayside (Vic) .........................................

Eastern Melbourne................................



Northern Sydney ...................................



95%

94%

93%

92%

92%

91%

90%

90%

89%

89%

89%

89%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

86%

86%

85%

85%

85%85%

85%

85%

84%

83%

83%

83%

82%

82%

82%

82%

82%

81%

81%

81%

81%

80%

79%

76%

75%

75%

74%

73%

72%

69%

NP

NP

NP

NP

NP

NP

NP

94%

97%

95%

89%

96%

93%

97%

93%

93%

92%

94%

91%

93%

93%

95%

95%

85%

93%

93%

91%

92%

94%

91%

91%

94%

92%

93%

82%

94%89%

94%

94%

91%

88%

88%

93%

85%

94%

88%

85%

91%

91%

91%

92%

90%

92%

86%

89%

84%

88%

80%

90%

83%

86%

NP

NP

92%

NP

NP

90%

NP

93%

94%

92%

85%

92%

91%

92%

90%

92%

83%

83%

75%

NP

84%

88%

91%

76%

90%

86%

90%

86%

95%

86%

89%

95%

86%

88%

84%

83%91%

90%

87%

83%

91%

87%

80%

76%

90%

85%

80%

90%

83%

87%

91%

86%

87%

88%

70%

78%

82%

76%

84%

74%

71%

NP

76%

92%

NP

NP

NP

NP

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

Defnitions o ullyimmunised at:

1 year


that a child aged 12 months to


their third vaccination or


cough and polio and either their

second or third vaccination


vaccine used) or hepatitis B andHaemophilus infuenzae type

b, all prior to the age o 1 year.



2 years


that a child aged 24 to less than

27 months received their third or

ourth vaccination (dependent

on the type o vaccine used) or


cough and Haemophilus

infuenzae type b, their thirdvaccination or polio and hepatitis

B and their frst vaccination or

measles, mumps and rubella,




5 years

Fully immunised at 5 years

means that a child aged 60 to


their ourth or fth vaccination


vaccine used) or diphtheria,tetanus and whooping cough,

their ourth vaccination or polio

and their second vaccination

or measles mumps and rubella,






Child immunisation ratesMedicare Local catchments 2011–12

14




Percentages o children aged 1 year ully immunised, by Medicare Local catchment, 2011–12

Fully immunised at 1 year means that a child

aged 12 months to less than 15 months received

their third vaccination or diphtheria, tetanus,

whooping cough and polio, and either their

second or third vaccination (dependent on

the type o vaccine used) or hepatitis B and

Haemophilus infuenzae type b1, all prior to the

age o 1 year. It is assumed that all previous


Children aged 1 year who were ully


111

113114

115

116

117

118

211

212

213

214

215216

217

306

307

308309

310

311

404

405

506

507

508

601

701

501

502

503504

505

506

401

402

403

404

405

201

202203

204

205

206207

208

209

210

211

214

215

216

217

117

801

i.

vi.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.

iv. ACTiii. Greater Melbourneii. Greater Adelaidei. Greater Perth

Medicare Local

boundary

Numbers on maps are Medicare Local

catchment codes on the opposite page

405

95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%

75 up to 80% L o w e s t

g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p

1. For more details on the diseases and immunisations see Immunise Australia Program. Diseases and Programs A - Z.

www.immunise.health.gov.au Accessed 26/02/2013.2. Results are reported as whole numbers. However, or graphical display they are plotted by 2 decimal places.

Note: Data exclude a number o invalid and unallocated postcodes – or more inormation see Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates or children in

2011–12, Technical Supplement www.nhpa.gov.au





Medicare Local catchmentsMap

Re.

Numbernot fully

immunised

aged 1 yearChildren fully immunised Aged 1 yearChildren fully immunised

Percentages o children aged 1 year ully immunised2,

by Medicare Local catchment, 2011–12

70% 80% 90% 100%

92%

212

216

210

116

211

215

801

217

114

115

405

111

202

403

310

404

301

209

206

401

601

205

203

103

307

204

110

208

106207

214

308

508

117

306

109

701

305

102

104

107

201

108

303

309

105

302

402

502

213

505

506

507

311

504

501

503

101

304

113

118


Hume (Vic/NSW) ...................................

Barwon (Vic) .........................................


Grampians (Vic) ....................................


Australian Capital Territory .....................

Gippsland (Vic)......................................

New England (NSW) .............................

Western NSW .......................................

Country North SA .................................

Hunter (NSW)........................................

Bayside (Vic) .........................................


Townsville-Mackay (Qld) .................... ....

Country South SA .................................

Metro North Brisbane ..................... .......




Tasmania .................... ...................... ....

Northern Melbourne ................... ...........



Wide Bay (Qld) ......................................




Nepean-Blue Mountains (NSW) .............Eastern Melbourne................................


Central Qld ...........................................

Kimberley-Pilbara (WA) ...................... ....

Southern NSW......................................



Northern Territory ................... ...............


Inner West Sydney ..................... ...........


Northern Sydney .................... ...............



Gold Coast (Qld) ...................................

Central & NW Qld .................................

Western Sydney....................................






South West WA ....................................


Far North Qld ........................................


Perth Central & East Metro ................... .

Fremantle (WA) .....................................

Eastern Sydney.....................................


North Coast NSW .................................

Far West NSW ......................................

69

135

199

151

157

118

326

208

170

249

164

598

491

333

430

113

846

254

466

413

461

664

351

479

173

542

341

563

382404

214

253

128

178

346

330

305

478

692

1144

385

445

540

576

70

1200

1150

478

642

80

318

365

182

408

552

533

289

462

425

685

79

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

88%

85%

113

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

102

103104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

101

vi. Greater Brisbane

v. Greater Sydney

National ully immunised rate 1 year


at www.nhpa.gov.au


postcode-level data available at

www.nhpa.gov.au




Percentages o Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 1 year ully immunised,



aged 1 year who were ully immunised, 2011–12

Not published3

95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%

75 up to 80%

70 up to 75%


g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p


www.immunise.health.gov.au Accessed 26/02/2013.

2. Results are reported as whole numbers. However, or graphical display they are plotted by 2 decimal places.3. Medicare Local catchments with less than 26 registered children in the age group are not reported. For more inormation see Healthy Communities:

Immunisation rates or children in 2011–12, Technical Supplement www.nhpa.gov.au

4. Interpret with caution as the eligible population is between 26 and 100 children so small data errors can aect results.


Fully immunised at 1 year means that a child

aged 12 months to less than 15 months received

their third vaccination or diphtheria, tetanus,

whooping cough and polio, and either their

second or third vaccination (dependent on

the type o vaccine used) or hepatitis B and

Haemophilus infuenzae type b1, all prior to the

age o 1 year. It is assumed that all previous


111

113114

115

116

117

118

211

212

213

214

215216

217

306

307

308309

310

311

404

405

506

507

508

601

701

501

502

503504

505

506

401

402

403

404

405

201

202203

204

205

206207

208

209

210

211

214

215

216

217

117

801

i.

vi.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.


Medicare Local

boundary

Numbers on maps are Medicare Local catchment

codes on the opposite page

Interpret with caution4

601





Re.

Numbernot fully

immunised

aged 1 year Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children fully immunised Aged 1 year

Aborig inal andTorres Strait

Islander children All childre n

Percentage o Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged

1 year ully immunised2, by Medicare Local catchment, 2011–12

70% 80% 90% 100%

85%

103

303

601

208

109

216

701

110

111

116

101

403

201

508

301

311

117

211

212

104

114

309

307

302

210

113

106

204

115304

305

217

308

205

506

404

503

214

102

505

801

405

310

306

215

507

105

502

401

213

402

118

501

504

202

207

209

206

107

203

108


Gold Coast (Qld) ...................................

Tasmania ..................... ...................... ...



Hume (Vic/NSW) ...................................



Hunter (NSW)........................................


Eastern Sydney.....................................





Far North Qld ........................................

Southern NSW......................................

Grampians (Vic) ....................................



New England (NSW) .............................

Central & NW Qld .................................

Wide Bay (Qld) ......................................


Barwon (Vic) .........................................

North Coast NSW .................................



Western NSW .......................................Sunshine Coast (Qld) ............................


Gippsland (Vic)......................................

Central Qld ...........................................

Northern Melbourne ...................... ........

South West WA ....................................

Country South SA .................................

Fremantle (WA) .....................................




Australian Capital Territory .................... .

Country North SA .................................





Western Sydney....................................





Far West NSW ......................................



Bayside (Vic) .........................................




Northern Sydney .................... ...............



≤5

7

27

≤5

16

9

145

28

59

23

≤5

10

≤5

72

40

148

16

7

≤5

33

57

40

25

57

≤5

84

25

6

8122

42

14

59

16

42

13

12

16

14

16

21

48

129

93

16

72

42

34

53

26

29

44

40

74

95%

94%

93%

92%

92%

91%

90%

90%

89%

89%

89%

89%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

86%

86%

85%

85%

85%85%

85%

85%

84%

83%

83%

83%

82%

82%

82%

82%

82%

81%

81%

81%

81%

80%

79%

76%

75%

75%

74%

73%

72%

69%

NP

NP

NP

NP

NP

NP

NP

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Notes: Data exclude a number o invalid and unallocated postcodes – or more inormation see Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates or children in


This data refects the resu lts or children identied as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in the ACIR in 2011–12. Levels o identication may vary


113

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

102

103104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

101


v. Greater Sydney

National ully immunised rate 1 year




Percentages o children aged 2 years ully immunised, by Medicare Local catchment, 2011–12

Fully immunised at 2 years means that a child

aged 24 to less than 27 months received their third

or ourth vaccination (dependent on the type o

vaccine used) or diphtheria, tetanus, whooping

cough and Haemophilus infuenzae type b, their

third vaccination or polio and hepatitis B and their

rst vaccination or measles, mumps and rubella1,

all prior to the age o 2 years. It is assumed

that all previous vaccinations

were received.

Children aged 2 years who were ully


111

113114

115

116

117

118

211

212

213

214

215216

217

306

307

308309

310

311

404

405

506

507

508

601

701

501

502

503504

505

506

401

402

403

404

405

201

202203

204

205

206207

208

209

210

211

214

215

216

217

117

801

i.

vi.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.


Medicare Local

boundary

508 Numbers on maps are Medicare Local


95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%


g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p










Re.

Numbernot fully

immunised

Aged 2 yearsChildren fully immunised

Percentages o children aged 2 years ully immunised2,



at www.nhpa.gov.au

70% 80% 90% 100%

93%

212

115

405

216

309

404

116

310

210

701

214

114

111

211

217

109

307

801

106

601

308

311

118

306

110

205

208

117

209401

508

301

215

203

104

204

207

201

305

202

302

206

213

107

507

403

103

105

506

303

505

102

502

402

504

503

501

108

304

101

113


Western NSW .......................................

Country North SA .................................

Hume (Vic/NSW) ...................................

Central & NW Qld .................................

Country South SA ...................... ...........



Barwon (Vic) .........................................



New England (NSW) .............................

Hunter (NSW)........................................

Grampians (Vic) ....................................

Gippsland (Vic)......................................


Wide Bay (Qld) ......................................



Tasmania .................... ...................... ....

Central Qld ...........................................

Far North Qld ........................................

Far West NSW ......................................





Southern NSW......................................

Frankston-Mornington Peninsula (Vic) ...Northern Adelaide .................................


Metro North Brisbane .................... ........








Bayside (Vic) .........................................




Northern Sydney .................... ...............




Western Sydney....................................

South West WA ....................................

Gold Coast (Qld) ...................................






Fremantle (WA) .....................................




Eastern Sydney.....................................

North Coast NSW .................................

48

169

120

128

40

87

139

314

197

206

144

136

498

146

187

242

147

319

308

401

211

261

36

276

306

583

498

153

243376

107

799

138

329

958

520

380

355

437

492

969

491

68

364

142

357

492

1097

322

589

302

724

660

514

530

284

553

651

475

473

666

96%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

93%

93%

93%

93%93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

90%

90%

90%

90%

89%

89%

89%

113

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

102

103104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

101


v. Greater Sydney

National ully immunised rate 2 years



www.nhpa.gov.au





aged 2 years who were ully immunised, 2011–12

Percentages o Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 2 years ully immunised,



aged 24 to less than 27 months received their third

or ourth vaccination (dependent on the type o

vaccine used) or diphtheria, tetanus, whooping

cough and Haemophilus infuenzae type b, their

third vaccination or polio and hepatitis B and their

rst vaccination or measles, mumps and rubella1,

all prior to the age o 2 years. It is assumed

that all previous vaccinations

were received.

111

113114

115

116

117

118

211

212

213

214

215216

217

306

307

308309

310

311

404

405

506

507

508

601

701

501

502

503504

505

506

401

402

403

404

405

201

202203

204

205

206207

208

209

210

211

214

215

216

217

117

801

i.

vi.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.


Medicare Local

boundary

508 Numbers on maps are Medicare Local catchment

codes on the opposite page








Not published3

95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%

75 up to 80%

70 up to 75%


g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p





Re.

Aged 2 years Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children fully immunised

Numbernot fully

immunised



Percentages o Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged

2 years ully immunised2, by Medicare Local catchment, 2011–12

70% 80% 90% 100%

92%

701

303

109

311

301

601

115

101

210

309

103

217

214

305

508

201

111

216

106

212

404

211

110

116

306

507

113

209

114403

801

405

310

104

307

302

308

215

203

118

304

208

502

205

102

506

213

105

504

117

503

505

401

501

204

402

202

207

206

107

108

Northern Territory .................... ..............

Gold Coast (Qld) ...................................

Central Coast NSW .................... ...........

Far North Qld ...................... ..................


Tasmania ..................... ...................... ...

Western NSW .......................................

Eastern Sydney.....................................

Barwon (Vic) .........................................

Central & NW Qld .................................


Gippsland (Vic)......................................



Kimberley-Pilbara (WA)..........................


Hunter (NSW)........................................

Hume (Vic/NSW) ...................................



Country South SA .................................

Grampians (Vic) ....................................





North Coast NSW .................................


New England (NSW) .............................Sthn Adelaide-Fleurieu-Kangaroo Is. .....


Country North SA .................................



Wide Bay (Qld) ......................................


Central Qld ...........................................



Far West NSW ......................................




Northern Melbourne ...................... ........


South West WA ....................................


Western Sydney....................................


Southern NSW......................................

Fremantle (WA) .....................................

Perth South Coastal ...................... ........





Bayside (Vic) .........................................



Northern Sydney .................... ...............


51

7

9

57

16

22

30

≤5

≤5

16

≤5

6

≤5

21

36

≤5

32

≤5

10

≤5

7

≤5

18

14

39

28

44

≤5

328

9

23

63

22

19

38

33

7

≤5

17

16

≤5

13

9

13

32

11

33

31

17

11

17

32

27

8

26

97%

97%

96%

95%

95%

95%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

90%

90%

90%

89%

89%

89%

88%

88%

88%

88%

86%

86%

85%

85%

85%

84%

83%

82%

80%

NP

NP

NP

NP

NP

113

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

102

103104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

101


v. Greater Sydney






4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

3

3




Percentages o children aged 5 years ully immunised, by Medicare Local catchment, 2011–12


aged 60 to less than 63 months received their

ourth or th vaccination (dependent on the

type o vaccine used) or diphtheria, tetanus and

whooping cough, their ourth vaccination or polio

and their second vaccination or measles mumps

and rubella1, all prior to the age o 5 years.

It is assumed that all previous vaccinations

were received.



111

113114

115

116

117

118

211

212

213

214

215216

217

306

307

308309

310

311

404

405

506

507

508

601

701

501

502

503504

505

506

401

402

403

404

405

201

202203

204

205

206207

208

209

210

211

214

215

216

217

117

801

i.

vi.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.


Medicare Local

boundary








95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%


g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p





Re.

Numbernot fully

immunised


Percentages o children aged 5 years ully immunised2,


70% 80% 90% 100%

90%

212

216

217

111

211

116

110

307

214

210

109

202

309

114

801

103

306

310

206

205

209

204

405

203

601

208

207

215

305301

104

115

311

106

302

201

105

308

107

117

506

701

507

303

404

102

401

118

213

108

505

304

503

502

403

402

508

504

501

113

101


Hume (Vic/NSW) ...................................

Gippsland (Vic)......................................

Hunter (NSW)........................................

Grampians (Vic) ....................................



Wide Bay (Qld) ......................................


Barwon (Vic) .........................................


Bayside (Vic) .........................................

Central & NW Qld .................................

New England (NSW) .............................









Country North SA .................................


Tasmania .................... ...................... ....




West Moreton-Oxley (Qld) .....................Metro North Brisbane .................... ........


Western NSW .......................................

Far North Qld ........................................




Western Sydney....................................

Central Qld ...........................................

Northern Sydney .................... ...............

Southern NSW......................................

South West WA ....................................



Gold Coast (Qld) ...................................

Country South SA .................................



Far West NSW ......................................





Fremantle (WA) .....................................







North Coast NSW .................................

Eastern Sydney.....................................

71

168

234

623

202

201

362

197

216

285

336

537

57

208

398

501

371

484

604

770

329

622

228

372

592

693

492

194

5391098

1274

352

376

480

1252

417

1287

328

543

265

446

377

192

742

203

782

630

62

113

757

456

602

368

940

621

755

206

741

787

896

592

95%

93%

93%

93%

93%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%91%

91%

91%

91%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

88%

88%

88%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

84%

113

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

102

103104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

101


v. Greater Sydney



at www.nhpa.gov.au



www.nhpa.gov.au





aged 5 years who were ully immunised, 2011–12

Percentages o Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 5 years ully immunised,



aged 60 to less than 63 months received their

ourth or th vaccination (dependent on the

type o vaccine used) or diphtheria, tetanus and

whooping cough, their ourth vaccination or polio

and their second vaccination or measles mumps

and rubella1, all prior to the age o 5 years.

It is assumed that all previous vaccinations

were received.

111

113114

115

116

117

118

211

212

213

214

215216

217

306

307

308309

310

311

404

405

506

507

508

601

701

501

502

503504

505

506

401

402

403

404

405

201

202203

204

205

206207

208

209

210

211

214

215

216

217

117

801

i.

vi.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.


Medicare Local

boundary










Not published3

95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%

75 up to 80%

70 up to 75%


g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p





Re.

Numbernot fully

immunised

Aged 5 years Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children fully immunised

Percentages o Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged

5 years ully immunised2, by Medicare Local catchment, 2011–12

70% 80% 90% 100%

87%

210

309

303

103

701

209

111

601

109

216

311

306

205

304

211

110

214

305

801

104

302

301

105

106

506

507

217

310

212215

307

113

114

102

208

204

508

118

405

115

101

308

116

213

505

404

401

402

117

207

503

403

501

504

502

202

206

201

107

203

108

Barwon (Vic) .........................................

Central & NW Qld .................................

Gold Coast (Qld) ...................................


Northern Territory .................... ..............

Frankston-Mornington Peninsula (Vic) ..

Hunter (NSW)........................................

Tasmania ..................... ..................... ....


Hume (Vic/NSW) ..................................

Far North Qld ...................... ..................




Grampians (Vic) .......... ..................... ....


Loddon-Mallee-Murray (Vic/NSW) ........






Western Sydney....................................


South West WA ....................................


Gippsland (Vic) .....................................


Great South Coast (Vic) ........................Goulburn Valley (Vic) .......... ..................

Wide Bay (Qld) ......................................

North Coast NSW .................................

New England (NSW) .............................





Far West NSW ......................................

Country North SA .................................

Western NSW .......................................

Eastern Sydney.....................................

Central Qld ...........................................


Lower Murray (Vic/NSW) ......................

Perth South Coastal ...................... ........

Country South SA .................................



Southern NSW......................................


Fremantle (WA) ....................................





Bayside (Vic) .........................................



Northern Sydney .................... ...............



≤5

12

9

≤5

110

≤5

35

27

15

6

95

40

7

10

≤5

19

8

33

10

22

43

33

24

17

32

45

10

78

≤59

24

75

50

12

6

6

87

23

36

78

7

54

32

14

24

16

35

24

28

7

14

20

45

61

48

95%

95%

94%

93%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

89%

88%

88%

88%

87%

87%

87%

87%

86%86%

86%

86%

86%

85%

85%

84%

84%

84%

83%

83%

83%

83%

83%

82%

80%

80%

78%

76%

76%

76%

76%

75%

74%

71%

70%

NP

NP

NP

NP

NP

NP

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

3

3

3

113

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

102

103104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

101


v. Greater Sydney










Child immunisation ratesStatistical areas 2011–12

28





immunised, by statistical area, 2011–12 Variation within Medicare Local catchments

The maps on these pages show the percentages

o children aged 1 year who were ully immunised

by geographic areas reerred to as Statistical

Areas Level 3 (SA3).1 The numbers o children not

ully immunised or each statistical area1 are

also shown.

Findings

In 2011–12, the percentages o children aged

1 year who were ully immunised varied across

statistical areas1, ranging rom 96% to 82%.

The statistical areas1 with the highest percentage

were Sutherland - Menai - Heathcote (NSW),

Wodonga - Alpine (Vic), Grampians (Vic), Strathpine

(Qld), Lower North (SA) and Weston Creek (ACT).

The statistical area1 with the lowest percentage was

Richmond Valley - Coastal (NSW).

The location o the statistical areas1 with the highest

and lowest percentages are shown on the maps.

There was large variation in the number o

children aged 1 year not ully immunised across

statistical areas1, ranging rom less than 25

children to around 270.

Percentages o children aged 1 year who are ully immunised by number not ully immunised 2 and

statistical area1, 2011–12

What does ully immunised at1 year mean?


that a child aged 12 months to less

than 15 months received their third

vaccination or diphtheria, tetanus,

whooping cough and polio, and either

their second or third vaccination

(dependent on the type o vaccine

used) or hepatitis B and Haemophilus

infuenzae type b, all prior to the age o

1 year. It is assumed that all previous


Sutherland - Menai - Heathcote (NSW), Wodonga - Alpine (Vic), Grampians (Vic), Strathpine (Qld), Lower North (SA) and Weston Creek (ACT)

Richmond Valley - Coastal (NSW)

Number not

ully immunised

∙∙∙ 93 up to 95%

∙∙∙ 90 up to 93%

95 to 100%

90 up to 95%

85 up to 90%80 up to 85%

75 up to 80%

Percentage

ully immunised

≤ 25

50

100

200300

400

Each dot represents one SA3.

The colour o the dot

represents the % o children

ully immunised.

The size o the dot representsthe number o children not ully

immunised.

98%

96%

94%

92%

90%

88%

86%

84%

82%

80%

78%




Aged 1 yearChildren fully immunised

Percentages o children aged 1 year ully immunised, by statistical area, 2011–12

Percentages and numbers o children aged 1 year ully

immunised2, 2011–12

Children

in group3

Fully

immunised

Not ully

immunised

Not published3

Total 297,338 272,978 24,360

1. For more inormation about SA3s see Australian Bureau o Statistics (2010) Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS): Volume 1 – Main

Structure and Greater Capital Cities Statistical Areas, July 2011. www.abs.gov.au Accessed 26/02/2013.

2. Figures are rounded - see Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates or children in 2011–12, Technical Supplement www.nhpa.gov.au3. SA3 data exclude a number o invalid and unallocated postcodes, and SA3s with less than 26 registered children in the age group are not reported. For

more inormation see Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates or children in 2011–12, Technical Supplement www.nhpa.gov.au



95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%


g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p


at www.nhpa.gov.au

15,350

254,335

25,228

844

1,581

14,598

234,078

22,203

696

1,403

752

20,257

3,025

148

178

Medicare Local catchment boundary

ABS Statistical Area Level 3

(SA3) boundary

Highest % ully immunised

Lowest % ully immunised


Richmond Valley -Coastal

Lower North

Grampians Wodonga - Alpine


postcode-level data available atwww.nhpa.gov.au




Percentages o children aged

1 year ully immunised1, by




Not published3

95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%


g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p

i. Greater Perth

ii. Greater Adelaide iii. Greater Melbourne

Medicare Local catchment

boundary


(SA3) boundary




PERTH

ROCKINGHAM

MANDURAH

i.

ii.iii.

iv.

v.

vi.

viii.

vii.

MELBOURNE

GEELONG

ADELAIDE




Aged 1 yearChildren fully immunised

1. Figures are rounded - see Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates or children in 2011–12, Technical Supplement www.nhpa.gov.au


Structure and Greater Capital Cities Statistical Areas, July 2011. www.abs.gov.au Accessed 26/02/2013.3. SA3s with less than 26 registered children in the age group are not reported. For more inormation see Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates or

children in 2011–12, Technical Supplement www.nhpa.gov.au



iv. ACT v. Greater Sydney


viii. Greater Hobartvii. Greater Darwin

HOBART

BRISBANE

GOLD

COAST

SUNSHINE

COAST

CANBERRA

NEWCASTLE

SYDNEY

WOLLONGONG

DARWIN

WestonCreek

Strathpine

Sutherland- Menai -

Heathcote







o children aged 2 years who were ully

immunised by geographic areas reerred to as

Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3).1 The numbers o

children not ully immunised or each statistical

area1 are also shown.

Findings

In 2011–12, the percentage o children aged 2

years who were ully immunised varied across



were Camden (NSW), Charters Towers - Ayr -

Ingham (Qld), Mid North (SA), East Arnhem (NT),

Whitsunday (Qld) and Loddon-Elmore (Vic).

The statistical area1 with the lowest percentage

was Richmond Valley - Coastal (NSW).



Percentages o children aged 2 years who are ully immunised by number not ully immunised 2 and


What does ully immunised at

2 years mean?


that a child aged 24 to less than 27

months received their third or ourth

vaccination (dependent on the type o

vaccine used) or diphtheria, tetanus,

whooping cough and Haemophilus

infuenzae type b, their third

vaccination or polio and hepatitis B

and their rst vaccination or measles,

mumps and rubella, all prior to the

age o 2 years. It is assumed that all

previous vaccinations were received.

Camden (NSW), Charters Towers - Ayr - Ingham (Qld), Mid North (SA), East Arnhem (NT), Whitsunday (Qld) and Loddon-Elmore (Vic)

Richmond Valley - Coastal (NSW)


children aged 2 years not ully immunised across



Number not

ully immunised

∙∙∙ 93 up to 95%

∙∙∙ 90 up to 93%

95 to 100%

90 up to 95%

85 up to 90%80 up to 85%

75 up to 80%

Percentage

ully immunised

≤ 25

50

100

200300

400




ully immunised.


immunised.

98%

96%

94%

92%

90%

88%

86%

84%

82%

80%

78%





Percentages o children aged 2 years ully immunised, by statistical area, 2011–12

Percentages and numbers o children aged 2 years ully


51,631

228,182

18,401

1,852

1,618

49,235

210,934

16,226

1,525

1,428

2,396

17,248

2,175

327

190

Children

in group3

Fully

immunised

Not ully

immunised


at www.nhpa.gov.au

Not published3

95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%


g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p



(SA3) boundary










Total 301,683 279,349 22,334


East Arnhem

Whitsunday

Mid North

Loddon - Elmore

Charters Towers - Ayr - Ingham







2 years ully immunised1, by




Not published3

95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%


g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p

i. Greater Perth



boundary


(SA3) boundary




PERTH

ROCKINGHAM

MANDURAH

i.

ii.iii.

iv.

v.

vi.

viii.

vii.

MELBOURNE

GEELONG

ADELAIDE














HOBART

BRISBANE

GOLD

COAST

SUNSHINE

COAST

CANBERRA

NEWCASTLE

SYDNEY

WOLLONGONG

DARWIN

Camden







o children aged 5 years who were ully immunised

by geographic areas reerred to as Statistical Areas

Level 3 (SA3)1. The numbers o children not ully

immunised or each statistical area1 are

also shown.

Findings

In 2011–12, the percentages o children aged 5

years who were ully immunised varied across



were Maitland (NSW) and Yorke Peninsula (SA).

The statistical areas1 with the lowest percentage

were Richmond Valley - Coastal (NSW) and

Adelaide City (SA).



What does ully immunised at5 years mean?


that a child aged 60 to less than 63

months received their ourth or th

vaccination (dependent on the type o

vaccine used) or diphtheria, tetanus

and whooping cough, their ourth

vaccination or polio and their second

vaccination or measles mumps and

rubella, all prior to the age o 5 years.



Maitland (NSW), Yorke Peninsula (SA)

Richmond Valley - Coastal (NSW),

Adelaide City (SA)


children aged 5 years not ully immunised across



98%

96%

94%

92%

90%

88%

86%

84%

82%

80%

78%

Number not

ully immunised

∙∙∙ 93 up to 95%

∙∙∙ 90 up to 93%

95 to 100%

90 up to 95%

85 up to 90%80 up to 85%

75 up to 80%

Percentage

ully immunised

≤ 25

50

100

200300

400




ully immunised.


immunised.

Percentages o children aged 5 years who are ully immunised by number not ully immunised 2 and






Percentages o children aged 5 years ully immunised, by statistical area1, 2011–12

Percentages and numbers o children aged 5 years ully


1,714

191,119

92,138

11,660

1,023

1,699

1,637

175,091

80,581

9,716

806

1,446

77

16,028

11,557

1,944

217

253

Children

in group3

Fully

immunised

Not ully

immunised


at www.nhpa.gov.au

Not published3

95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%


g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p







Total 299,352 269,277 30,075



(SA3) boundary





YorkePeninsula







5 years ully immunised1, by




Not published3

95 to 100%

93 up to 95%

90 up to 93%

85 up to 90%

80 up to 85%


g r o u p

H i g h e s t

g r o u p

i. Greater Perth



boundary


(SA3) boundary




PERTH

ROCKINGHAM

MANDURAH

i.

ii.iii.

iv.

v.

vi.

viii.

vii.

MELBOURNE

GEELONG

ADELAIDE AdelaideCity














HOBART

BRISBANE

GOLD

COAST

SUNSHINE

COAST

CANBERRA

NEWCASTLE

SYDNEY

WOLLONGONG

DARWIN

Maitland




Glossary

This glossary denes technical and medical terms used in this report. For more inormation, please see

Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates or children in 2011–12, Technical Supplement.

Diphtheria Diphtheria is an acute illness caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium

diphtheriae. Symptoms include severe infammation o the nose, throat and

windpipe leading to breathing and swallowing problems. Diphtheria can

cause nerve and heart damage, and result in death.

Fully immunised Fully immunised means received the scheduled vaccinations according

to age or hepatitis B (hepB); diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough

(acellular pertussis) (DTPa); Haemophilus infuenzae type B (Hib);

poliomyelitis (inactivated poliomyelitis IPV); and measles, mumps and

rubella (MMR). See Healthy Communities: Immunisation rates or children

in 2011–12, Technical Supplement or more inormation.

German measles See rubella.

Haemophilus

infuenzae type B (Hib)

Haemophilus infuenzae type B is a bacterium that causes meningitis and

other serious inections in young children.

Hepatitis Hepatitis means infammation o the liver. The most common types o viral

hepatitis are hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

Infection An inection occurs when bacteria or viruses enter the human body. I

the body cannot ght the inection, the person may get sick. Measles,

rubella, mumps, polio and hepatitis B are examples o inections caused by

viruses. Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and Hib are examples o inections

caused by bacteria.

Immunisation Immunisation means both receiving a vaccine and becoming immune to a

disease as a result o being vaccinated.

Measles Measles is a highly inectious disease caused by the Morbillivirus. Symptoms

include rash, ever cough, runny nose and infammation o the eye.

Medicare Local A Medicare Local is an organisation that has responsibil ity or the

provision, delivery and coordination o primary health care services in a

dened geographical area. There are 61 Medicare Locals across Australia.




Medicare Local

catchment

A Medicare Local catchment is a population that lives in a specic

geographical area dened as a Medicare Local. See Medicare Local.

Meningitis See Haemophilus infuenzae type B (Hib).

Mumps Mumps is a salivary gland inection caused by the Rubulavirus. Symptoms

include swelling under the jaw, ever, headache and aching muscles.

National ImmunisationProgram Schedule

The schedule which describes the 16 vaccinations that are provided ree to Australians under childhood programs, school programs and programs or

special groups.

Pertussis See whooping cough.

Polio Polio, also known as poliomyelitis, is caused by a highly inectious virus.

Symptoms include headache, nausea and vomiting, tiredness, stiness

and muscle pain. Polio also causes paralysis and in some cases is atal.

Rubella Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral illness that causes a

rash and joint pains.

Statistical area A statistical area or a Statistical Area Level 3 is a geographic area dened

by the Australian Bureau o Statistics (ABS) which has a population o

between 30,000 and 130,000 people. There are more than 300 Statistical

Areas Level 3 in Australia.

Tetanus Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a serious disease caused by the

bacterium Clostridium tetani . Caused by a toxin made by bacteria present

in soil, dust and manure, tetanus attacks the nervous system and causes

severe muscle spasms leading to breathing diculties, painul convulsions

and abnormal heart rhythms.

Vaccination Vaccination means having a vaccine – that is actually getting the injection.

Vaccine A product made rom whole, or extracts o, killed viruses or bacteria, or

rom live weakened strains o viruses or bacteria.

Whooping cough Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a serious, contagious

respiratory inection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.




Acknowledgements

This report has beneted rom advice rom anumber o individuals and organisations with

interest and expertise in immunisation.

The National Health Perormance Authority

received advice rom its Immunisation Advisory

Group. The Advisory Group comprised:

• Proessor Peter McIntyre

- National Immunisation Committee

- Director, National Centre or ImmunisationResearch & Surveillance

- Proessor, Discipline o Paediatrics and

Child Health and School o Public Health,

University o Sydney

• Dr Aditi Dey

- National Centre or Immunisation Research

& Surveillance

•

Proessor Terry Nolan - Chair, Australian Technical Advisory Group

on Immunisation

- Head, Melbourne School o Population and

Global Health, University o Melbourne

• Ms Debra Petrys

- Consumer representative nominated to

bring a consumer perspective by the

Consumers Health Forum o Australia

• Ms Helen Moore


- National Principal Adviser – Immunisation,

Australian Medicare Local Alliance

• Ms Karen Peterson


- Immunisation Manager, Queensland Health

• Dr Michael Crampton- RACGP representative, National

Immunisation Committee

- General Practitioner, Clinical Director,

WentWest Ltd

• Mr Michael Frost

- Deputy Head o Secretariat, COAG

Reorm Council

The Authority also received advice rom

representatives o:

• the National Advisory Group on Aboriginal and

Torres Strait Islander Health Inormation Data

• the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander Health Standing Committee

• the National Aboriginal Community Controlled

Health Organisation.

This report relies on data provided by the

Australian Government Department o Health and

Ageing (DoHA) rom the Australian Childhood

Immunisation Register (ACIR). These data were

used to calculate the perormance measures

in this report. The Authority does a number o

checks to ensure data quality, and also relies on

the data quality work o DoHA and the Australian

Government Department o Human Services or

the ACIR.

Thanks are extended to all those who contributed.

healthy communities: immunisation rates for children in 2011–12

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