healthy diet | nutrition and diet : weight loss india
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction As we all know everyone must eat
for survival. Problem arises when the choice of
foods leads to either health benefits or adverse effects
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Topics of Discussion Healthy diet Effects of imbalanced diet Causes of obesity,
Factors effecting healthy eating Problems related to obesity Strategies for healthy eating
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Healthy diet Which includes all nutrients in
correct proportion to promote and preserve health.
Healthy diet should contain all food groups while staying within energy needs.
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Food Pyramid
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Energy giving foods includes cereals and millets – rice, maize, wheat, jowar, bazra, noodles, pastas.
Body building foods includes milk, meat, poultry, fish, pulses and legumes, nuts.
Protective food includes green leafy vegetables and fruits.
Other vegetables includes roots and tubers. Fats and oils, sugar and jaggery.
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NUTRITION DISORDERNUTRITION DISORDER
Obesity and its health consequences
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Effects of imbalanced diet
Over weight or obesity If the amount of food intake
remains constant but energy expenditure is less there will be gain in weight.
Under weight If the intake of food is less or
energy expenditure is more than there will be loss in weight.
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Shortage of time Stress Lack of sleep
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Causes of obesity Easy availability of
junk food Modernization Economic status
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More prone to diseases Diabetes Cardio-vascular Dyslipidemia Hypertension Stroke Gallbladder Depression Osteoarthritis Infertility
Following a healthy lifestyle is best prevention of these conditions
Problems related to obesity
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Technological advances have taken away much of the activity in our lives
Fewer active jobs Greater reliance on motorised transport Energy-saving devices in the home, at work and
shopping environment Attractive and cheap home screen entertainment
CHALLENGE IS TO COUNTERACT THESE EFFECTS
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Cellular phones and remote Cellular phones and remote controls deprive us from controls deprive us from walking!walking!
20 times daily x 20 m = 20 times daily x 20 m = 400 m400 m
Walking distance Walking distance lost/yearlost/year400x365 = 146,000 m400x365 = 146,000 m
146 km = 25 h of 146 km = 25 h of walkingwalking
1 h of walking = 113-226 1 h of walking = 113-226 kcalkcal
Energy saved =2800-6000 Energy saved =2800-6000 kcalkcal
Rössner, 2002Rössner, 2002
High-Tech increases Body Weight
0.4-0.8 kg adipose tissue0.4-0.8 kg adipose tissue
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Biological and cultural mismatches to the modern environment
FOOD Strong signals to eat Weak signals to stop Increased availability Eating is rewarding No viable alternatives Eating well is high
status
ACTIVITY Weak activity signal Strong signals to stop Reduced availability Inactivity is rewarding Inactivity is a viable
alternative Inactivity is high status
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Spectrum of obesity management
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Weight loss has beneficial health effects
Improved glycaemic control Reduced blood pressure Improved lipid profile 20% reduction in premature mortality in
overweight women with obesity-related health conditions
Goldstein DJ. Int J Obesity, 1991
A weight loss of A weight loss of 5% in obese individuals 5% in obese individuals with comorbid type 2 diabetes, hypertension with comorbid type 2 diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia resulted in:or dyslipidaemia resulted in:
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Obesity management: objectives
Promotion of weight loss Long-term weight maintenance Long-term prevention of weight gain Improvement of risk factors Encouragement of active lifestyle Improvement in quality of life Change in eating pattern
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THE MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
Obesity is a serious medical condition requiring long-term management
Management needs to be flexible and integrate different therapeutic approaches according to individual patient needs including
Dietary management
Lifestyle modification
Physical activity
Drug therapy
Surgery
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Strategies for healthy eating Eat enough calories but not too
many Eat wide variety of foods Keep portions moderate Drink more water Limit sugar, salt and refined
grains Eat regular meals Make changes gradually Daily exercise 30 – 40 minutes
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What are your options?? 1. Diets, exercise, and behavioral change
Up to 10% loss of excess body weight Ineffective long-term: less than 5% sustain any
significant weight loss
2. Weight Loss Surgery Average 55-75% loss of excess body weight
Source: Adkinson, Am J. Clinical Nutrition, 1994
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Who Qualifies for Weight-Loss Surgery?
Clinical Terms Used to Describe Various Levels of Body Fat
Normal Weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9)
Overweight(BMI 25 to 29.9)
Obese(BMI 30 to 34.9)
Severely Obese(BMI 35 to 39.9 )
Morbidly Obese(BMI 40 or more)
BMI 18.5-24.9 BMI 25-29.9 BMI 30-34.9 BMI 35-39.9 BMI>40
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Home Diet Following Surgery
Specific details about diet following weight loss surgery as diet need to be modified in all nutrients. Generally this consist of:
Drastically limiting volume Limiting the consistency of food Limiting the types of food Chew food well Eat meals over a 30 to 45 minutes time span
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Last but not the least, remember great souls have wills, feeble ones
only have wishes.