hearing loss

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Page 1: Hearing Loss
Page 2: Hearing Loss

ต้�องมี�องค์�ประกอบ  ต้�องมี�องค์�ประกอบ  33    อย่�าง ได้�แก�อย่�าง ได้�แก� แหล่�งก�าเนิ�ด้เสี�ย่งแหล่�งก�าเนิ�ด้เสี�ย่ง    

ต้�วกล่างให�เสี�ย่งผ่�านิต้�วกล่างให�เสี�ย่งผ่�านิ  และ  และ อว�ย่วะร�บเสี�ย่ง อว�ย่วะร�บเสี�ย่ง ((ห!แล่ะองค์�ห!แล่ะองค์�

ประกอบของห!ประกอบของห!))

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Page 4: Hearing Loss
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กลไกการได้�ยิ นเสี�ยิงกลไกการได้�ยิ นเสี�ยิง (Hearing mechanism)(Hearing mechanism)

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Conductive hearing loss Conductive hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss Mixed hearing lossMixed hearing loss Functional hearing loss Functional hearing loss Central hearing loss Central hearing loss

There are various types of hearing loss, but There are various types of hearing loss, but generally speaking there are two main categoriesgenerally speaking there are two main categories::

conductive hearing lossconductive hearing loss andand

sensorineural hearing loss.sensorineural hearing loss.

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Tinnitus Tinnitus Dizziness or vertigo Dizziness or vertigo Aural fullness Aural fullness Otalgia Otalgia OtorrheaOtorrhea facial palsyfacial palsy

Page 9: Hearing Loss

ล่�กษณะของผ่!�ป%วย่ล่�กษณะของผ่!�ป%วย่

Conductive hearing Conductive hearing lossloss

- - พู!ด้เสี�ย่งเบาพู!ด้เสี�ย่งเบา- - ได้�ย่�นิชั�ด้เจนิ เข�าใจค์�าพู!ด้ได้�ย่�นิชั�ด้เจนิ เข�าใจค์�าพู!ด้

ทุ*กค์�าแมี�อย่!�ในิทุ�+จอแจทุ*กค์�าแมี�อย่!�ในิทุ�+จอแจ- - มี�ป,ญหาในิการร�บฟั,งขณะมี�ป,ญหาในิการร�บฟั,งขณะ

เค์�/ย่วอาหารเค์�/ย่วอาหาร- - เข�าใจค์�าพู!ด้ได้�ด้�หากเสี�ย่งเข�าใจค์�าพู!ด้ได้�ด้�หากเสี�ย่ง

ด้�งมีากพูอด้�งมีากพูอ

Sensori-neural hearing Sensori-neural hearing lossloss

– พู!ด้เสี�ย่งด้�ง พู!ด้เสี�ย่งด้�ง – ถ้�าอย่!�ในิทุ�+เง�ย่บ จะได้�ย่�นิชั�ด้ถ้�าอย่!�ในิทุ�+เง�ย่บ จะได้�ย่�นิชั�ด้

แล่ะเข�าใจค์�าพู!ด้ได้�ด้�แล่ะเข�าใจค์�าพู!ด้ได้�ด้�– หากห!เสี�ย่ในิระด้�บทุ�+ร*นิแรง หากห!เสี�ย่ในิระด้�บทุ�+ร*นิแรง

เสี�ย่งพู!ด้จะเปล่�+ย่นิไปเสี�ย่งพู!ด้จะเปล่�+ย่นิไป– มี�ป,ญหาในิการเข�าใจค์�าพู!ด้แมี�มี�ป,ญหาในิการเข�าใจค์�าพู!ด้แมี�

เสี�ย่งจะด้�งเสี�ย่งจะด้�ง

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Different of Different of Conductive&Sensorineural Hearing LossConductive&Sensorineural Hearing Loss

ConductiveConductive Sensory NeuralSensory Neural

1. Site 1. Site

2. Deafness 2. Deafness because because

Outer or middle ear.Outer or middle ear.

Vibrations do not reach Vibrations do not reach the inner ear or arrive the inner ear or arrive there attenuated. there attenuated.

Inner ear or cochlea and Inner ear or cochlea and the nerve pathways to the nerve pathways to auditory centres in the auditory centres in the brain. brain.

Vibrations are not Vibrations are not registered by nerve cells in registered by nerve cells in the inner ear because they the inner ear because they are damaged, or have are damaged, or have never developed. never developed.

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Different of Different of Conductive&Sensorineural Hearing LossConductive&Sensorineural Hearing Loss

ConductiveConductive Sensory NeuralSensory Neural

3. Reasons for 3. Reasons for deafness deafness

- - InfectionInfection otitis externa, otitis externa,

chondritis, perichondritischondritis, perichondritis , , Otitis Otitis mediamedia

-TraumaTrauma=>=>MyringitisMyringitis , , TM TM perforateperforate

- - TumorTumor => => Exostosis , Exostosis , Osteoma , Squamous cell Osteoma , Squamous cell carcinoma , Glomus tympanicum carcinoma , Glomus tympanicum

- - EndocrineEndocrine

- Otosclerosis- Otosclerosis

- Miscellaneous- Miscellaneous Impact Impact cerumen cerumen

- - PresbycusisPresbycusis

- Infection- Infection=> => Syphilis Syphilis Labyrinthitis , Viral Labyrinthitis , Viral

- - TraumaTrauma=> => Head injury Head injury

Barotrauma , Acoustic trauma , Barotrauma , Acoustic trauma ,

Noise induced hearing loss Noise induced hearing loss

-Meniere’sdiseaseMeniere’sdisease-- Tumor- Tumor=>=>Acoustic neuroma Acoustic neuroma

- - Endocrine & systemicEndocrine & systemic

- Ototoxicity- Ototoxicity

- Neurogenic- Neurogenic => =>Mutiple Mutiple sclerosis sclerosis

- - Sudden sensorineural lossSudden sensorineural loss

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InfectionInfection

ChondritisChondritisAspergillus Niger Otitis ExternaAspergillus Niger Otitis Externa

Acute otitis mediaAcute otitis media ChronicChronic otitis mediaotitis media

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TraumaTrauma

Bullous MyringitisBullous Myringitis Granular MyringitisGranular Myringitis

TM perforateTM perforate CholesteatomaCholesteatoma

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TumorTumor

Glomus tympanicum

ExostosisExostosis OsteomaOsteoma

Squamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma

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Different of Different of Conductive&Sensorineural Hearing LossConductive&Sensorineural Hearing Loss

ConductiveConductive Sensory NeuralSensory Neural

4. Amenable to 4. Amenable to treatment treatment

Medical and surgical Medical and surgical procedures can be procedures can be effective. effective.

There is not a cure There is not a cure for sensory neural for sensory neural hearing loss, hearing loss, however a cochlear however a cochlear implant may be an implant may be an option for a deaf option for a deaf person. person.

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Different of Different of Conductive&Sensorineural Hearing LossConductive&Sensorineural Hearing Loss

ConductiveConductive Sensory NeuralSensory Neural

5. Characteristics 5. Characteristics of hearing lossof hearing loss

Loss for low and high Loss for low and high pitch sounds is pitch sounds is similar. Usually a mild similar. Usually a mild to moderate degree of to moderate degree of hearing loss. hearing loss.

Usually the loss of Usually the loss of hearing for high pitches hearing for high pitches is greater - often much is greater - often much greater than for low greater than for low pitch sounds. Hearing pitch sounds. Hearing loss can range from loss can range from mild to profound. mild to profound.

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Different of Different of Conductive&Sensorineural Hearing LossConductive&Sensorineural Hearing Loss

ConductiveConductive Sensory NeuralSensory Neural

6. How speech is 6. How speech is heard heard

Muffling in the Muffling in the perception of speech. perception of speech. Usually there is Usually there is minimal distortion in minimal distortion in the perception of the the perception of the speech signal. Hearing speech signal. Hearing aids sound very clear. aids sound very clear.

Distortion in the Distortion in the perception of speech. perception of speech. Vowels may be heard Vowels may be heard relatively well; relatively well; consonants are often consonants are often distorted, if heard at distorted, if heard at all. Hearing aids all. Hearing aids sound somewhat sound somewhat distorted, but are distorted, but are necessary.necessary.

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CBC , UA , ESR , coagulogramCBC , UA , ESR , coagulogram VDRL ,TPHA , FTA-Abs , Anti HIV , LPVDRL ,TPHA , FTA-Abs , Anti HIV , LP FBS , ElectrolyteFBS , Electrolyte Lipid profilesLipid profiles TFTTFT Viral studyViral study EKG , CxR , film mastoid , CT , MRIEKG , CxR , film mastoid , CT , MRI

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การทุด้สีอบทุ�+ทุ�าเป1นิประจ�าในิทุางค์ล่�นิ�ค์ เพู2+อการการทุด้สีอบทุ�+ทุ�าเป1นิประจ�าในิทุางค์ล่�นิ�ค์ เพู2+อการว�นิ�จฉั�ย่โรค์หร2อต้�ด้ต้ามีผ่ล่การร�กษาว�นิ�จฉั�ย่โรค์หร2อต้�ด้ต้ามีผ่ล่การร�กษา

OtoscopeOtoscope Tuning fork testTuning fork test (Rinne, Weber test) (Rinne, Weber test) Audiometry Audiometry

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OtoscopeOtoscope

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Tuning fork testTuning fork test

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Tuning fork testTuning fork test

1. 1. Tuning forkTuning fork : 100, 256 Hz : 100, 256 Hz

1.1 1.1 Weber’s testWeber’s test : : A. A. ด้�งเท่�าก�นด้�งเท่�าก�น B. B. ข้�างหน��งด้�งกว่�าอี�กข้�างหน��งข้�างหน��งด้�งกว่�าอี�กข้�างหน��ง

1.2 1.2 Rinne’s testRinne’s test : Mastoid process : Mastoid process ==>> ear ear

A. A. ได้�ยิ น ได้�ยิ น B. B. ไม่�ได้�ยิ นไม่�ได้�ยิ น

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Degree of hearing loss estimated Degree of hearing loss estimated by Rinne testingby Rinne testing

Rinne test resultRinne test result Estimated conductive lossEstimated conductive loss

Negative, 256 Hz Negative, 256 Hz

Positive, 512 and 1024 Hz Positive, 512 and 1024 Hz

Mild conductive loss of 20-30 dB Mild conductive loss of 20-30 dB

Negative, 256 and 512 Hz Negative, 256 and 512 Hz

Positive, 1024 Hz Positive, 1024 Hz

Moderate conductive loss of 30-45 dB Moderate conductive loss of 30-45 dB

Negative, 256, 512, 1024 Hz Negative, 256, 512, 1024 Hz Severe conductive loss of 45-60 dB Severe conductive loss of 45-60 dB

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AudiometryAudiometry

การต้รวจการได้�ย่�นิโด้ย่ใชั�เสี�ย่งบร�สี*ทุธิ์�6การต้รวจการได้�ย่�นิโด้ย่ใชั�เสี�ย่งบร�สี*ทุธิ์�6 ( Pure ( Pure tone audiometry ) tone audiometry ) เป1นิการต้รวจว�ด้ระด้�บค์วามีด้�งเป1นิการต้รวจว�ด้ระด้�บค์วามีด้�งเสี�ย่งต้�+าสี*ด้ ทุ�+ผ่!�เข�าร�บการต้รวจสีอบสีามีารถ้ได้�ย่�นิทุ�+ค์วามีถ้�+เสี�ย่งต้�+าสี*ด้ ทุ�+ผ่!�เข�าร�บการต้รวจสีอบสีามีารถ้ได้�ย่�นิทุ�+ค์วามีถ้�+ต้�างๆ ใชั�เค์ร2+องมี2ออ�เล่8กทุรอนิ�กสี�เร�ย่กเค์ร2+องต้รวจการต้�างๆ ใชั�เค์ร2+องมี2ออ�เล่8กทุรอนิ�กสี�เร�ย่กเค์ร2+องต้รวจการได้�ย่�นิแบ�งออกเป1นิ ได้�ย่�นิแบ�งออกเป1นิ 2 2 ชันิ�ด้ชันิ�ด้

Puretone Air Conduction (AC) Puretone Air Conduction (AC) ค์2อการต้รวจว�ด้การได้�ย่�นิค์2อการต้รวจว�ด้การได้�ย่�นิโด้ย่การนิ�าเสี�ย่งทุางอากาศโด้ย่การนิ�าเสี�ย่งทุางอากาศ

Puretone Bone Conduction (BC) Puretone Bone Conduction (BC) ค์2อการต้รวจว�ด้การค์2อการต้รวจว�ด้การได้�ย่�นิโด้ย่การนิ�าเสี�ย่งทุางกระด้!กได้�ย่�นิโด้ย่การนิ�าเสี�ย่งทุางกระด้!ก

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AudiometryAudiometry

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ผ่ล่การต้รวจ ผ่ล่การต้รวจ AudiogramAudiogram

NormalNormal

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ผ่ล่การต้รวจ ผ่ล่การต้รวจ AudiogramAudiogram

Conductive Hearing LossConductive Hearing Loss Sensorineural Hearing LossSensorineural Hearing Loss

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TreatmentTreatmentMedical ManagementMedical Management Bed rest,avoid noise voice,head tilt30 Bed rest,avoid noise voice,head tilt30 Low salt dietLow salt diet DiureticDiuretic CorticorsteroidCorticorsteroid Vasodilater , carbogen (95% O2 + 5 % CO2)Vasodilater , carbogen (95% O2 + 5 % CO2) Anticoagulation etc.Anticoagulation etc. Plasma explander ( 10 % dextran)Plasma explander ( 10 % dextran) AcycloviaAcyclovia Avoid ototoxic drugsAvoid ototoxic drugs Combined therapyCombined therapy

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Treatment Treatment

Surgical managementSurgical management

Perilymph fistulaPerilymph fistula Tempanotomy => occlude by gelfoamTempanotomy => occlude by gelfoam