heat and temperature. objectives heat temperature absolute zero fahrenheit, celsius and kelvin...
TRANSCRIPT
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Heat and Temperature
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Objectives
• Heat • Temperature• Absolute Zero• Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin Scales• Methods of Energy Transfer• Conductors and Insulators• Specific Heat• Heating Systems• Cooling Systems
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Heat
• The transfer of energy from the particles of one object to those of another object due to a temperature difference between the two objects
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Temperature
• A measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles within an object
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• Are heat and temperature the same thing?
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Thermometer• A device that measures
temperature
• Liquid thermometers– Mercury – Alcohol
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Fahrenheit Scale
• Based on the numbers 12 and 8
• 32°F = water freezes
• 212 °F = water boils
• Most familiar scale in the United States Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
(1686-1736)
German Physicist
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Celsius Scale
• Based on the number ten
• 0 °C = water freezes• 100 °C = water boils• Used in many
foreign countries and by most scientists Anders Celsius
(1701-1744)
Swedish Astronomer
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Kelvin Scale
• Based on the metric scale and the number ten• Developed to eliminate negative temperatures• Used by many scientists, especially if they work
with extremely low temperatures• 0 K = -273 °C• 273 K = water freezes• 373 K = water boils• NO degree sign!
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Absolute Zero• The temperature at which an
object’s energy is minimal.
• -273.15 °C
• 0 Kelvin
…and we think the Artic Circle is cold!!!
But Mom, why can’t I wear shorts
today? It’s supposed to be
254 Kelvin!
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Convert °C to °F
Fahrenheit temperature = (9/5 x Celsius temperature) + 32.0
TF = 9/5t + 32.0
Example:
Convert 20 °C to degrees Fahrenheit
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Convert °F to °C
Celsius Temperature = 5/9(Fahrenheit temperature – 32.0)
t = 5/9(TF – 32.0)
Example:
Convert 212 °F to degrees Celsius
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Convert °C to Kelvin
Kelvin temperature = Celsius temperature + 273
T = t + 273
Example:
Convert 10 °C to Kelvin
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Assignment
• Page 328 Practice Problems– Write the questions– Show your work!
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Energy Transfer
• Conduction
• Convection
• Convection Current
• Radiation
• Conductor
• Insulator
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Conduction
• The transfer of energy as heat between particles as they collide within a substance or between two objects in contact.– Objects must have direct contact
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Convection
• The transfer of energy by the movement of fluids with different temperatures.
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Convection Current
• The flow of a fluid due to heated expansion followed by cooling and contraction.
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Convection Currents
• Vital to the earth– Weather– Ocean currents – Magma currents– Tectonic Plate movement
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Radiation
• The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
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Conductor
• A material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat.
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Insulator
• A material that is a poor energy conductor.
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Using Heat
• Heating systems
• Cooling systems
• Refrigerant
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Heating System
• Any device or process that transfers energy to a substance to raise the temperature of the substance.
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Cooling System
• A device that transfers energy as heat out of an object to lower its temperature.
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Refrigerant
• A substance used in cooling systems that transfers large amounts of energy as it changes state.
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Review
• Conduction• Convection• Convection current• Radiation• Conductor• Insulator• Heating System• Cooling System