heat transfer––a review of 2005 literature

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (2010) 4397–4447

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/locate / i jhmt

Review

Heat transfer—A review of 2005 literature

R.J. Goldstein *, W.E. Ibele, S.V. Patankar, T.W. Simon, T.H. Kuehn, P.J. Strykowski, K.K. Tamma,J.V.R. Heberlein, J.H. Davidson, J. Bischof, F.A. Kulacki, U. Kortshagen, S. Garrick, V. Srinivasan,K. Ghosh, R. MittalHeat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

a r t i c l e i n f o

Article history:Received 20 March 2010Received in revised form 26 March 2010Accepted 26 March 2010Available online 7 July 2010

Keywords:ConductionBoundary layersInternal flowsPorous mediaHeat transferExperimental methodsNatural convectionRotating flowsMass transferBio-heat transferMeltingFreezingBoilingCondensationRadiative heat transferNumerical methodsTransport propertiesHeat exchangersSolar energyThermal plasmas

0017-9310/$ - see front matter � 2010 Published bydoi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.05.005

* Corresponding author.E-mail address: [email protected] (R.J. Goldstein).

a b s t r a c t

The present review is intended to encompass the heat transfer literature published in 2005. While of awide-range in scope, some selection is inevitable. We restrict ourselves to papers published in Englishthrough a peer-review process, with selected translations from journals published in other languages.Papers from conference proceedings generally are not included, though the Proceeding itself may be citedin the introduction. A significant fraction of the papers reviewed herein relates to the science of heattransfer, including experimental, analytical and numerical studies. Other papers cover applications whereheat transfer plays a major role, not only in man-made devices but in natural systems as well. The papersare grouped into major subject areas and then into subfields within these areas. In addition to reviewingthe literature, we mention major conferences held in 2005, major awards related to heat transfer pre-sented in 2005, and books on heat transfer published during the year.

� 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Contents

1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4398A. Conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4399B. Boundary layers and external flows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4399C. Channel flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4400D. Separated flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4401DP. Heat transfer in porous media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4401E. Experimental methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4402F. Natural convection—internal flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4402FF. Natural convection—external flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4403G. Convection from rotating surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4403H. Combined heat and mass transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4403I. Bioheat transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4404

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J. Change of phase—boiling and evaporation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4404JJ. Change of phase—condensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4405JM. Change of phase—freezing and melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4405K. Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4406N. Numerical methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4407P. Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4407Q. Heat transfer applications—heat exchangers and thermosyphons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4407S. Heat transfer applications—general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4408T. Solar energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4409U. Plasma heat transfer and MHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4409

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4409

1. Introduction

As in previous years, a considerable effort has been devoted toresearch in traditional applications such as chemical processing,general manufacturing, and energy conversion devices, includinggeneral power systems, heat exchangers, and high performancegas turbines. In addition, a significant number of papers addresstopics that are at the frontiers of both fundamental research andimportant emerging technologies, including nanoscale structures,microchannel flows and bio-heat transfer.

The present review considers the heat transfer literature pub-lished in 2005. While intending to be exhaustive, some selectionis inevitable. We restrict ourselves to papers published in Englishlanguage through a peer-review process, with selected translationsfrom journals published in other languages also having been in-cluded. The papers are grouped into separate subject related sec-tions and then into subfields within these sections. In addition toreviewing the literature, we mention major heat transfer relatedconferences, major awards and books on heat transfer publishedduring the year.

The International Center for Heat and Mass Transfer organizedSPRAY’05, the International Symposium on Heat and Mass Transferin Spray Systems, in Antalya, Turkey from 5 to 10 June. Sessions ad-dressed turbulence effects on interfacial phenomena, vaporization,combustion, droplet impact on heated surfaces, and spray cooling.The ASME Turbo Expo was organized by the International Gas Tur-bine Institute from 6 to 9 June in Reno, USA. The Heat TransferDivision conducted numerous sessions with a focus on heat trans-fer effects related to laminar-turbulent transition, internal air sys-tems and seals, and combustion. At INTERPACK’05 held in SanFrancisco, USA from 17 to 22 July, several sessions were held onthermal management of micro-electronic and photonic systems,microscale heat transfer phenomena in electronics, thermal inter-face materials, heat pipes, and data center cooling. At a conferenceon Interdisciplinary Transport Phenomena in Microgravity andSpace Sciences held in Tomar, Portugal from 7 to 12 August, paperswere presented on topic including but not limited to thermophys-ical property measurements, diffusion effects in crystal growth,boiling, biotransport phenomena, and interfacial phenomena. TheInternational Solar Energy Conference from 6 to 12 August in-cluded sessions on ocean thermal power, solar ponds, and solarthermal power. The Fifth International Conference on Enhanced,Compact, and Ultra-Compact Heat Exchangers held from 11 to 16September in Whistler, Canada discussed fundamental studies insingle- and multi-phase flow, design data and methodology, andmicro-heat exchangers. A meeting on Heat Transfer Fluid Flow atthe Microscale was organized in Barga, Italy on 25–30 September.Topics covered included measurement techniques, two-phase flowin microchannels, microfluidic systems and molecular dynamicsimulations. At the International Mechanical Engineering Congressand Exposition (IMECE) held on 5–11 November in Orlando, USA,

sessions on heat transfer discussed various topics including gas–li-quid and phase-change flows at the microscale, heat pipes andproperty estimation.

The 2004 Max Jakob Memorial award was presented to Dr. V.K.Dhir for his pioneering work in the fundamentals and applicationsof boiling heat transfer, such as his contributions to the study ofboiling in microgravity, and cooling of high heat flux devices. The2005 Heat Transfer Memorial Awards were conferred on A. Haji-Sheikh (Science), M. Modest (Art), and Wei Shyy (General). TheDonald Q. Kern Award for 2004 was given to Dr. Ramesh K. Shahat the Summer Annual Heat Transfer Conference, San Francisco,USA on July 19, 2005.

Books pertaining to heat transfer which were published in 2005are the following:

Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Minichannels andMicrochannels

S. Kandlikar, D. Li, S. GarimellaElsevier

The Equations of Radiation HydrodynamicsG.C. PomraningDover Publications

Finite Element Method: Applications in Solids, Structures, andHeat Transfer

M.R. GoszMarcel DekkerThermo-fluid Dynamics of Two-Phase FlowM. Ishi, T. HibikiSpringer-Verlag, New York

Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, Volume IIII. Pop, D.B. InghamElsevier

Thermal Food Processing: New Technologies and Quality IssuesD.-W. SunCRC Press

Computational Methods for Heat and Mass TransferP. MajumdarTaylor & Francis

Heat Transfer CalculationsM. KutzMcGraw-Hill

R.J. Goldstein et al. / International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (2010) 4397–4447 4399

Heat and Mass TransferShyamAnshan PublishingPrinciples of Enhanced Heat TransferR.L. Webb, N.-H. KimTaylor & Francis

Free-Convective Heat TransferO.G. Martynenko, P.P. KhramtsovSpringer-Verlag, New YorkProperties of Glass Formation MeltsD.L. Pye, J. Innocent, M. AngeloCRC Press

Engineering ThermofluidsM. MassoudSpringer-Verlag, New York

Handbook of Porous MediaK. Vafai (Ed.)CRC Press

Nanoscale Energy Transport and ConversionG. ChenOxford University Press

A. Conduction

Highlights of papers dealing with heat conduction in solidsstructures, and materials, and the relevant literature appear in thissection dealing with a wide variety of subcategories. The varioussubcategories include (1) contact conduction/contact resistance;(2) microscale/nanoscale heat transport, and wave propagation;(3) heat transfer in fins, composites, and complex geometries; (4)analytical and numerical methods and analysis, (5) experimentaland/or comparative studies; (6) thermal stress and thermo-mechanical problems; and (7) miscellaneous applications. Theseare briefly referenced as follows.

1. Contact conduction/contact resistancePapers in this subcategory deal with droplets and surfaces

[A1,A2], sliding surfaces [A3,A4], and other applications [A5]including roughness characteristics [A6].

2. Microscale/nanoscale heat transport and wave propagationVarious papers dealing with brownian motion [A7], hyperbolic

heat conduction [A8–A14], nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nano-composites [A15–A17], and phonon transport [A18,A19] appear.

3. Heat transfer in fins, composites, and complex geometriesThe studies in this subcategory deal with layered materials and

slabs and/or composites [A20–A25], fins and different geometries[A26–A33], and other applications [A34].

4. Analytical and numerical methods and analysisIn this subcategory, papers dealing with various types of solu-

tion methods [A35–A43], numerical simulations and analysis[A44–A56], various specialized applications [A57–A75], and in-verse problems [A76–A81] appear.

5. Experimental and/or comparative studiesExperimental and/or comparative studies appear in specialized

applications such as two-layer systems [A82] and machined sur-faces [A83].

6. Thermal stress and thermomechanical problemsThermal and/or thermomechanical studies in metal films [A84],

thick walled spherical vessel [A85], MEMS [A86], falling film [A87],and functionally graded rectangular plate [A88] appear in thissubcategory.

7. Miscellaneous applicationsVarious miscellaneous and specialized applications and studies

dealing with a wide variety of issues on heat conduction appear in[A89–A97].

B. Boundary layers and external flows

Papers on boundary layers and external flows for 2005 havebeen categorized as follows: flows influenced externally, flowswith special geometric effects, compressible and high-speed flows,analysis and modeling techniques, unsteady flow effects, flowswith film and interfacial effects, flows with special fluid types orproperty effects, and flows with combustion and other reactions.

1. External effectsExternal effects on boundary layers addressed in the 2005 liter-

ature include imposed magnetic fields, electrical fields, and re-duced gravitational fields and heat transfer with variousapproach flow directions [B1–B8].

2. Geometric effectsAs in previous years, many papers deal with variations in geom-

etry. Such geometric features include surface micro-profiling; sur-face-mounted delta-winglets; electronic components ordistributed heating elements; solder balls; shallow cavities in thesurface; steps in the wall; fins of various shapes, sizes, and orien-tations to the flow; cylinders of various shapes, including ellipticalcylinders; monodispersed droplets; and oblate spheroids. Severalpapers dealt with turbine blade geometries endwalls, airfoil sur-faces, and the junctions between them. Moving surface geometriesinclude stretching sheets. The most popular application area in thiscategory in 2005 was electronics cooling [B9–B44].

3. Compressibility and high-speed flow effectsThree papers were presented in 2005 on compressibility effects.

These were related to turbine blade tip heat transfer with localizedshocks and a compressible atmosphere [B45–B47].

4. Analysis and modelingNumerous papers addressed developments in modeling. These

include a homotopy analysis method applied to electrically con-ducting fluids on stretching surfaces; inverse Fourier transformsolutions to convection/conduction transient heat transfer prob-lems; new solution techniques for heat transfer problems with dis-tributions of wall temperature; techniques using distributed-vortices for heat transfer from horizontal plates of finite length;discriminated dimensional analyses; and differential transforma-tion methods for wedge flows. A generalized methodology waspresented for optimum design of thin heated fins; another em-ployed genetic algorithm-based evolutionary computing for finoptimization. Optimized flow architectures were presented formaximizing heat transfer density in cylinder arrays. A universalsolution was presented for convective heat transfer to movingsheets. Different scaling relationships for transpired boundary lay-ers were proposed. A model was formulated for boundary layertransition on a flat plate. A method was offered for finding the mul-tiple solutions of the convective heat transfer equation. Theuniqueness of limit solutions for combustion systems was investi-gated. Turbulence models applied to heat transfer in rod bundles orelectronics cooling applications were discussed. An entropy gener-ation analysis for flat plate boundary layer heat transfer was con-


ducted using several solution techniques. A means of correction fortwo-dimensional fin analysis errors was given. An analysis waspresented for laminar flow over a porous plate with injection. Asemianalytical-numerical technique was presented for slip flowover a free disk. And, cases with heat transport against the drivinggradient were discussed [B48–B68].

5. Unsteady effectsPapers on unsteady effects include convection and flow bifurca-

tion with sudden expansion; responses to sudden changes in heatflux or temperature at the surface; two-dimensional wave distur-bances; flow oscillations; plate vibration near heated walls; tran-sient heating during grinding; periodic heating for thermalcontrol; unsteady operation of electronics; and transient heatingand moisture transfer in insulations. Instabilities in buoyant flowboundary layers on flexible surfaces and in side-heated cavitieswere described [B69–B82].

6. Films and interfacial effectsThree papers were found in this category. In one, an electric

field was applied for heat transfer enhancement to a drop; in an-other, heat transfer in liquid bridges was described; and, in thethird, heat transfer in a falling water film was studied numericallyand experimentally [B83–B85].

7. Effects of fluid type or fluid propertiesPapers on the effects of fluid types discuss liquid helium over

chemically oxidized or anodized copper plates; non-Newtonianfluids; micropolar fluids; perfectly-conducting polar fluids; foreigngases injection through permeable surfaces into boundary layers;and diffusion in concrete subjected to heating. Several papers wereon variable viscosity or other fluid property effects. Finally, viscousdissipation in mixed convection over an exponentially stretchingsurface was analyzed [B86–B96].

8. Flows with reactionsFlows with reactions include combustion of straw on a grate-

based boiler and a study of scaling laws for heat release in exother-mic reacting mixing layers [B97,B98].

C. Channel flows

The review of articles for channel flow heat transfer was subcat-egorized into the following areas straight-wall channels and ducts;ducts having fins or profiling for heat transfer enhancement; flowand heat transfer in channels in complex geometries; unsteadyand transient flow and heat transfer in channels; micro-channelheat transfer; and channel flows with multiphase and non-Newto-nian flow.

1. Straight-walled ductsExperimental and computational studies were conducted in a

variety of ducts having the general characteristic of straight walls.Turbulent flows were modeled in circular, square and concentricannuli; uniform temperature and heat flux boundary conditionswere imposed, as well as asymmetric boundary conditions. Mixedconvection was studied in annular channels under laminar and tur-bulent flows and in a horizontal square duct with local inner heat-ing. Maintaining uniform surface temperature was considered forinsulated pipes. Duct cross sections shape was considered on Nus-selt number; rectangular, semicircular, square duct and planarchannel flows were investigated. The accuracy of algebraic modelswas examined in circular pipes, channels, and concentric annuli[C1–C34].

2. Finned and profiled ductsThe 2005 literature continued to examine a rich collection of

channels dominated by roughness, turbulators, local heat genera-

tion, and general profiling for heat transfer augmentation—themajority of studies were computational in nature. Experimentalstudies included the insertion of twisted tapes, spirals, and wirecoils for heat transfer enhancement. Mixed convection was studiedas it developed over heated blocks in a channel. Cross-angled ribswere studied using LES in a rectangular channel; tandem cylindersources were investigated in laminar flow; continuous and trun-cated ribs were investigated experimentally in a square duct; anda design of simulation method was used to reduce the complexityof multi-variable problems [C35–C77].

3. Irregular geometriesDuct geometries that are not generally straight walled nor dom-

inated by fins and/or profiling are captured in this category. Flowand heat transfer for fully developed turbulent flow was studiedcomputationally in a corrugated duct with variable width. Spiraledducts having circular and rectangular cross-sections were investi-gated; the commercial code FLUENT was used in one study. Baffleswere used in inclined channels and near the inlet of a channel toproduce unsteadiness. A parallelogrammic partial enclosure ofstacked elements was studied numerically; an LES was conductedof turbulent flow and heat transfer in a channel with a single wavywall; right-angled triangular cavities were investigated where thevertical walls were heated and the hypotenuse was cooled; andheat transfer was calculated in Ranque–Hilsch’s vortex tube[C78–C110].

4. Periodic and unsteady channel flowsUnsteady or periodically forced channel flows were studied in a

variety of configurations, including periodically fully developedflow and heat transfer in corrugated triangular channels in thetransitional flow regime; in a pulsatile flow to study local transiententropy generation; under unsteady turbulent conditions in areciprocating circular ribbed channel; for a pulsative turbulentpipe flow with a liquid of variable properties; unsteady oscillatoryflow in a horizontal channel; and for heat transfer enhance-ment from rectangular blocks in a pulsating channel flow [C111–C134].

5. Microchannel flow and heat transferMini-, micro,- and nano-channel flow and heat transfer studies

continued to have a strong showing in the channel flow literaturein 2005, continuing a trend from 2004. Microchannels encompass aconsiderable range of scales and are seeing attention both compu-tationally and experimentally. Gaseous microchannel flow wasinvestigated in the transitional regime; the heat transfer coefficientwas determined for a minichannel, which was in good agreementwith classical correlations; microchannel heat sinks were exam-ined using constructal design and optimization techniques; viscousheating was considered in a microchannel; and heat transfer aug-mentation was studied experimentally in a three-dimensionalinternally finned microfinned helical tube [C135–C166].

6. Non-Newtonian and multiphase heat transfer in channelsThe multiphase literature is seeing an increased attention to

nanofluids with a focus on those flow conditions most conduciveto heat transfer augmentation. Microsize phase-change materialparticles were evaluated in liquid flow; the conduction propertiesof sub-100nm particles were studied in terms of heat transfer char-acteristics as well as migration properties; nanofluids were alsoconsidered as a replacement for traditional coolants, comparingperformance to common metals; nanoparticles were also used toimprove heat transfer of nanolubricants; and diffusion effects wereinvestigated for both nanoparticles and flexible hairy fins. Otherflows considered involved the annular flow of air–water in verticaltubes, the behavior of ice slurries, and Bingham and Robertson-Stifffluids [C167–C191].


D. Separated flows

This section deals with papers addressing heat transfer charac-teristics in flows experiencing separation, either by rapid changesin geometry or strong adverse pressure gradient. This section alsoincludes the thermal behavior of flow past bluff objects, jets, andreattachment.

1. Sudden expansions were studied in a variety of circum-stances, including the effect of buoyancy on mixed convection heatand mass transfer; the influence of baffles on mixed convectiondownstream of a step; a numerical study of mixed convection overa three-dimensional backward-facing step; and LES was applied toan unsteady turbulent flow for an expansion ratio of 2. Flow pastsingle cylinders and banks of cylinders/tubes were investigatedboth computationally and experimentally. Fin placement and wakegenerators placed on a cylinder were used to optimize forced con-vection heat transfer. Vortex shedding and heat transfer were stud-ied from a heated square cylinder. Various cavity flows werestudied, both forced and unforced, as well as under the influenceof control [D1–D46].

DP. Heat transfer in porous media

Heat and mass transfer in porous media encompasses a widerange of technologies which continue to motivate numerical andexperimental studies. Most of the theoretical papers published in2005 are based on the Darcy–Brinkman–Forcheimer formulationof the momentum equation and either a one or two equationdescription of the thermal problem. A good number of the studiesreported have included experiments for either establishing con-trolling physical quantities for analysis or validating multi-compo-nent convective diffusion models. Forced and mixed convection insaturated and unsaturated porous media received wide spreadattention during the past year. Nearly all of the reported studieswere numerical in nature, with few achieving closed form solu-tions for special cases. Steady free convection in saturated porousmedia was extensively addressed analytically and numerically fora wide range of thermophysical and structural properties, butfew experiments were reported. Research on packed and fluidizedbeds has focused prediction of particle motion and heat transfercoefficients to immersed objects and surfaces. Review papers werepublished in design methods for heat transfer surface in bubblingand circulating beds and heat and mass transfer in fabric systemsunder equilibrium conditions. A growing topic of interest appearsto be heat transfer in metal foams.

1. Combined heat and mass transferA good number of studies of coupled heat and mass transfer

have included experiments for either establishing controllingphysical quantities for analysis or validating multi-componentconvective diffusion models. Fibrous materials, such as those thatoccur in clothing, are generally treated as capillary materials andin several papers, as hygroscopic materials. One study of dryingin a capillary porous wick identifies a two-phase zone betweenthe vapor-saturated and the liquid-saturated zones in the wick.This leads to the development of a multi-zone model for furtheranalysis and application. The drying of food stuffs, unsaturated soil,and paper was treated as a problem in coupled heat and masstransfer in which the formulation of boundary conditions theapplicability of the results. In some cases, experiments are con-ducted to validate the modeling assumptions. The application ofhumid porous materials to the cooling of structures was analyzedas a problem to couple heat and mass transfer, and experimentaldata that validated the analysis were presented. Analytical tech-niques that either provide promising utility or suggest avenues

for future development encompass inverse solutions and transferfunction methods [DP1–DP24].

2. Combustion systemsCombustion systems employing porous burners and reactors

were the subject of several analytical and numerical studies aimedat predicting hot spots, ignition points, velocity profiles and tem-perature profiles. Limited experimental work was published on anovel reactor designed to achieve a uniform temperature in thereactions zone [DP25–DP29].

3. Fluidized bedsAnalytical work on heat transfer to imbedded surfaces and

tubes in fluidized beds has focused on predictions of non-uniformflow effects, details of the cores regions flow, and description ofwall and annular region flow. Generally the goal in this work isto predict heat transfer coefficients under various limiting assump-tions. Experiments were reported on the cooling of immersed com-plex shapes and heat exchangers. Papers addressing particleconvection and void fraction near a surface also appeared, andone novel approach treated the fluidized medium as an emulsionnear a surface. Design methods for heat transfer surface in bub-bling and circulating beds were presented in a review paper[DP30–DP43].

4. FoamsFoams and foam-like materials continue to be studied to predict

their heat transfer capabilities through direct measurement andthermo-structural modeling. In some cases, volumetric heat trans-fer coefficients are determined for forced convection with pore perinch (PPI), or overall porosity, being the primary structural dis-criminator. The heat transfer capability of any particular foamwas not however conclusively established based on porosity alone.Experimental studies generally report correlations in the Nusselt-versus-Reynolds number form. Ad hoc models, such as ordered rec-tilinear ligaments, meet with some success in predicting the over-all heat transfer rates [DP44–DP51].

5. Forced and mixed convectionForced and mixed convection heat transfer in saturated and

unsaturated porous media received wide spread attention duringthe past year. Nearly all of the reported studies were numericalin nature, with few achieving closed form solutions for specialcases. Channel flows for randomly packed particles, fibrous sys-tems and sintered metal particles were analyzed for a wide varietyof thermal boundary conditions. Channel flows partially filled witha porous medium were analyzed as well. Conjugate heat transferproblems have reappeared as an area of interest for both Darcianand non-Darcian flows. A few studies considered channel flowsof special shape, such as triangular and elliptical. External flowand heat transfer were analyzed for the case of constant wall tem-perature, as well as linearly varying wall temperature. Several pa-pers focus on effects of heat generation, wall channeling, thermalnon-equilibrium, radiation interaction, viscous dissipation, non-uniform fluid properties, fluid compressibility, impingement flow,and developing flow. One paper has presented a generalized modelof single and two-phase forced flow as it occurs in oil and gasrecovery. Another analyzes transient flow in a way that suggestshow effective permeability can be determined when pulsating flowis present [DP52–DP103].

6. Free convectionSteady free convection in saturated porous media was exten-

sively addressed analytically and numerically, but few experi-ments were reported. Effects on heat transfer of temperature-dependent properties, variable permeability, viscous dissipation,dispersion, anisotropy in the porous matrix, non-Newtonian fluids,and thermal non-equilibrium were reported generally for the dif-


ferentially heated cavity as the standard test geometry. When two-equation models are exercised, it is found that Nusselt numberstend to differ from those predicted with a homogenous continuumwhen Darcy number decreases. Free convection driven by heatgeneration, thermo-diffusion, Marangoni effects, and magnetic ef-fects was of some interest as well. Sudden transitions in the flowfield were also analyzed as a stability problem, and a special casetreats the flow resulting from a sudden imposition of gravity. Pa-pers also appeared on heat transfer from imbedded objects, inannular geometries and inclined layers, and from flat surfaces withtranspiration and void formation due to evaporation. One study ad-dressed the little researched topic of free convection in a verticalmicrochannel [DP104–DP142].

7. Packed bedsPrediction of complex single- and two-phase flows was the fo-

cus of the literature during the past year. Numerical analysis oftenwith experimental validation address particle trajectories and cir-culation, gas liquid flows, gas holdup, and wall heat transfer coef-ficients. One study has identified two flow regimes for a two-phasebed homogenous and heterogeneous flow [DP143–DP147].

8. Phase change and boilingPhase change processes and boiling in porous media were

investigated in connection to a wide range of practical problemsnuclear safety, crystal growth, transpiration cooling, alloy solidifi-cation, and modeling of moisture evaporation in fires. Modelingwork dominates the literature and ranges from linear stabilityanalysis of convection in super-posed layers mushy and liquid lay-ers to self similar solutions for boiling with precipitation in rockfractures to film condensation. For a biporous medium with a reg-ular structure and ice inclusions, one study shows the validity ofthe Onsager reciprocal relations when phase transformation oc-curs. Boiling in heat-generating porous layers was modeled viainduction heating of the particle matrix. At sufficiently high heat-ing rates, vapor channels form, and enhancement of heat transferoccurs due to buoyancy effects [DP148–DP158].

9. PropertiesDetermination of the permeability and effective thermal con-

ductivity of a porous medium were the focus of experimentaland numerical research. Experimental dominate the reported ef-forts at determining effective thermal conductivity. Numericalanalysis, chiefly using probabilistic methods, was the focus of workon determining permeability of fractal porous media [DP159–DP165].

10. Conduction in porous mediaHeat conduction in a fluid-filled porous medium has been

investigated largely to address non-Fourier behavior, namely theconditions necessary for thermal disequilibrium between the solidand fluid phases and the emergence of thermal waves. One theo-retical result suggested the existence of thermal oscillations andresonance. Some limited experimental data has appeared that val-idates a non-Fourier conduction model [DP166–DP169].

11. Radiation in porous mediaStudies of thermal radiation in a porous medium have sought to

predict the solid and fluid phase temperatures under the Rosselandapproximation. In some cases, the effects of radiative surface prop-erties of the porous structure are examined [DP170,DP171].

E. Experimental methods

Although one dream of some engineers and scientists may bethat heat transfer results can be obtained for all systems throughstrictly numerical methods clearly that has not come to pass andprobably never will. The need for experiments remains strong.

Even with the success of numerical analysis, in solving conductionand laminar flow problems, calculations for turbulent and someseparated flows still require experimental input for empirical con-stants and verification. Also one still needs thermodynamic andtransport properties of materials for real problems and theseunfortunately cannot be calculated accurately from first principles.Thus the need for measurements is clear, and measurements re-quire sensors, data acquisition systems, and readout equipment.The development of better, simpler, and more accurate measure-ment techniques is the subject of the present section. This relatesto experimental methods in heat transfer research and applica-tions. (1) Systems for direct measurement of heat transfer or heatflux; (2) techniques for temperature measurement, local and aver-age, steady and transient; (3) flow measurement and flow visuali-zation systems used in convection heat transfer studies; (4)thermodynamic and thermal transport property measurement;and (5) a number of miscellaneous items. These are the subcatego-ries of the present section.

Studies reported in the current year, 2005.

1. Direct measurement of heat transfer has been reported in a vari-ety of conditions from cryogenic to high temperature. These includeuse of circular heat flow discs, thermistors and quenching systems,as well as comparison and calibration of heat flux sensors. Devicesstudied include differential scanning calorimeters, improved thinfilm heat transfer gages, infrared thermography and liquid crystalsand other visualization techniques [E1–E21].

2. Temperature-measuring device studies include new thin filmthermocouples, sputtered micro thermocouples, thermo fluore-scents, thin-foil thermography and fine wire thermocouples fortransient measurement. The effect of incident light on imaging fromliquid crystals, and use of absorption spectroscopy have been re-ported [E22–E35].

3. Velocity and flow measurement developments include thermalgas law sensors, use of magnetic resonance to determine velocityof freezing droplets, flow velocity measurement techniques, and athermal sensor used in a bubbly flow. Advances in hot wire ane-mometry, mass flow sensors, novel flow visualization techniquesand a Mems designed thermal shear-stress detector are reported[E36–E48].

4. Property measurement developments include pulse-heating sys-tems for thermal properties of high temperature materials,improvements in differential scanning calorimeters, conductancemeasurements in low Reynolds number channel flows, and mea-surements of thermal diffusivity of powders and thermal propertiesof natural gas hydrates [E49–E55].

5. Miscellaneous measurement techniques include a heat transfermeasurement determining the gap width of flying heads for opticalrecording technology, measuring evaporation coefficients, thermo-graphic non-destructive testing, X-ray radiography applied to diffu-sivity measurements, thermal boundary layer studied with thermoreflectants and development of thermal sensors for studying mov-ing surfaces [E20,E56–E60].

F. Natural convection—internal flows

1. The large number of papers report studies of Rayleigh-Benardconvection with a variety of fluids and thermal boundary condi-tions [F1–F15].

2. A few papers include particles in the fluid that are composed ofphase change materials or are some form of nanoparticles. Studiesof heat-generating fluids include a linear stability analysis that


has been made to study the effects of critical Rayleigh number andwavenumber when internal heat sources are nonuniform [F16–F20].

3. Other papers report on studies of flows and heat transfer insquare, triangular, rectangular cavities and horizontal annuli. Awide variety of thermocapillary flows were studied including the ef-fects of surfactants at the surface, grooved walls, gas diffusion intothe liquid, localized heating and magnetic effects [F21–F31].

4. Bubbles, droplets and half-zone liquid bridges were also investi-gated. As in previous years, a large number of papers appeared oncavities including square, cubic or rectangular geometries [F31–F64].

5. Numerous boundary conditions, time varying conditions andinternal partitions are considered. Other geometries include in-clined rectangular, cylindrical and partially open cavities. Severalpapers consider flows in vertical channels with various thermalboundary conditions and fluid conditions [F65–F78].

6. Channels filled with porous media are also studied as are thechannels with unheated chimneys and extensions and flows in ver-tical cylinders and annuli. Numerical solution methods are the pre-dominant solution method for the study of natural convectionwithin vertical cylinders and cylindrical annuli, elliptic cylindersand annuli and horizontal cylindrical and spherical annuli[F30,F76,F79–F95].

7. A few studies on mixed convection were reported including airflows in spent fuel storage facilities, shallow enclosures with inter-nal heating and cavities with pulsating resistive heating [F96–F101].

8. Complex geometries include a vertical plate enclosed within ahorizontal cylinder, assemblies of blocks and cylinders, and heatexchangers immersed in liquid thermal storage tanks [F102–F105].

9. Ref. [F106].

10. Papers on double diffusive convection include a study of hydro-magnetic convection in a radiatively participating medium andthe role of chemical boundary layers in ocean circulation[F107,F108].

11. Some interesting observations were made on turbulent naturalconvection research and work was reported on liquid-encapsulatedmolten semiconductors [F109–F112].

FF. Natural convection—external flows

1. Vertical, horizontal and inclined platesA significant number of papers reported studies of natural con-

vection from vertical flat plates including methods to model turbu-lent flow, the effects of micropolar fluids, porous media, wavysurfaces and double diffusive flows [FF1–FF11].

2. Channels, fin arrays and electronic coolingThe driving force behind many of the publications on channel

flow is the optimal cooling of electronic equipment [FF12–FF24].Options include channel construction, fin design and localized heatsources.

3. Bodies of revolutionSingle horizontal cylinders, arrays of cylinders, spheres and hor-

izontal disks were studied [FF25–FF30].

4. Buoyant plumesStudies of thermal plumes include experimental investigations

using a PIV technique and the effect of a lateral cylinder on theplume rising from a disk [FF31–FF34].

5. Mixed convectionMost of the studies on mixed convection use the vertical flat

plate geometry but vary the nature of the heat source and thedirection of the forced flow [FF35–FF40].

6. MiscellaneousAdditional investigations include an improved heattransfer correlation for natural convection, heat transfer from hori-zontal and vertical helical coils, mixed convection from a squarecylinder in channel flow, heat and mass fluxes across density-strat-ified interfaces [FF41–FF44].

G. Convection from rotating surfaces

1. Rotating disksHeat transfer, convective instabilities from rotating disks were

studied [G1–G5]. Thermal-fluid flow between stationary and rotat-ing parallel disks was also analyzed [G6–G8].

2. Rotating channelsEffectiveness of latticework coolant blade passages under rota-

tion was investigated [G9]. Heat transfer in rotating rectangularand square channels/ducts were studied [G10–G18]. Convectiveflow in a rotating fluid over a vertical plate was studied [G19].Impingement cooling in a rotating passage of semi-cylindricalcross-section was studied [G20].

3. EnclosuresThermal effects in planetary mixer and rotor-stator systems

were studied [G21,G22]. Numerical studies of fluid and heat flowin rotating annulus were performed [G23–G26]. Other studies in-volved transient heat transfer on a moving surface in a rotatingfluid [G27], rotating bodies with heat generation [G28,G29] andevaporation of volatile droplets in vacuum of rotating blanks [G30].

4. Cylinders, spheres and bodies of revolutionThermal transport involving other bodies of revolution includes

spherical shells [G31], spinning spheres [G32,G33] and cylinders[G34]. Some general studies involving rotating systems includeKuppers–Lortz instability in rotating Rayleigh–Benard convection[G35], simulation of convection motion in Earth’s outer core[G36] and the development of finite-element schemes for steadyconvective heat transfer with system rotation [G37].

H. Combined heat and mass transfer

We divide the section into 7 subcategories covering differenttopics.

1. AblationThis includes mass transfer through aerodynamic heating and

mass-transfer in multi-component materials [H1,H2].

2. TranspirationThis includes heat and mass transfer in porous materials, desa-

lination, and the effect of material coatings on both heat and masstransfer [H3–H13].

3. Film coolingThis section includes two-phase flow, determination of heat

transfer coefficients under a variety of flow conditions, and the ef-fect of surface conditions and geometry/configuration on heat andmass transfer [H14–H30].

4. Jet impingement—submerged jetsThis section includes the use of liquid crystal techniques, mod-

eling of jets, and flames, in various configurations, to describe theheat and mass-transfer from flat and curved objects [H31–H84].


5. Jet impingement—liquid jetsThis section includes the use of liquid jets, various diameters

and configurations, including the modeling of heat transfer inincompressible flows as they impinge on solid surfaces [H85–H90].

6. SpraysThis section includes droplet dynamics, the enhancement of

heat transfer during droplet impingement and vaporization, andthe effects of nozzle configuration during multi-phase transport[H91–H104].

7. DryingThis section includes the modeling of heat and mass transfer in

porous materials, including biomass and foodstuff, microwavesand radio-frequency assisted drying, and the effects of fluiddynamics and turbulence on drying [H56,H105–H124].

8. Modeling and simulationThis includes analytical and numerical modeling, direct simula-

tion, and device-level simulation of heat and mass transfer [H125–H171].

I. Bioheat transfer

The present review includes only a small portion of the overallliterature in this area. This represents work predominantly in engi-neering journals with the occasional inclusion of basic science andbiomedical journals. This is a very dynamic and cross disciplinaryarea of research, and thus, this review should be taken as moreof an overview, particularly from an engineering point of view,rather than an exhaustive list of all work in this area for this year.Subsections include work in (1) biopreservation, (2) thermal ther-apies, (3) thermoregulation (thermal comfort and physiology), (4)thermal measurement, modeling and properties, (5) food technol-ogy and (6) general/miscellaneous areas.

1. BiopreservationThis sub-section includes an article addressing cryopreservation

of a bioartificial liver device [I1].

2. Thermal therapiesThis includes articles related to cryosurgery, laser, high inten-

sity focused ultrasound, radiofrequency and microwave [I2–I20].

3. ThermoregulationWork in this sub-topic comprised of areas including thermal

comfort and physiological assessments of thermoregulation [I21–I28].

4. Thermal measurement, modeling and propertiesThis section lists papers related to heat transfer propagation

and enhancement in biological media. A few numerical studieswere conducted to study the 3D bioheat transfer problem. Analyt-ical studies of heat transfer in blood vessels were conducted [I29–I38].

5. Food technologyPapers related to food technology include study of various pro-

cess technologies like drying and thawing analysis, [I39–I42].

6. General studies in the area of bioheat transfer are listed hereThese include cooling of biocrystals, thermal isolation tech-

niques and heat flow in proteins [I43–I45].

J. Change of phase—boiling and evaporation

Papers on boiling change of phase for 2005 have been catego-rized as follows: those that focus on droplet and film evaporation,boiling incipience and effects of bubble dynamics, pool boiling, film

and transition boiling, flow or forced convection boiling, and two-phase thermohydrodynamic effects.

1. Droplet and film evaporationThese papers focus on evaporation of droplets, films, and inter-

faces. Many of them address evaporators for refrigeration or evap-oration of falling films (laminar, turbulent, or transitional; steadyor pulsatile) and evaporation of drops, sprays, or mist. Many relateto evaporation in mini- and micro-channels, some for other ductshapes. Fluid types are refrigerants, including hydrocarbon refrig-erants, aqueous foam-forming solutions, and moisture in foods.Some discuss surface geometry effects such as micro-porous coat-ings or micro-fins. Some deal with interface characteristics such ascontact angle (including surface tension flow instability) effects.Some look at external influences such as electric fields. Variousmeasurement and modeling techniques for evaporative processesare presented [J1–J30].

2. Boiling incipience and effects of bubble dynamicsIn an attempt to characterize boiling better, many of the papers

specifically address the effects of bubble dynamics, includingnucleation (heterogeneous or homogeneous), initial growth, inter-actions with neighboring bubbles, and subsequent coalescence.Some discuss surface tension-driven motion or bubble sliding mo-tion effects. Many discuss surface geometry effects such as artifi-cial cavities or porous coatings – one with titanium dioxidedisplays contact angle sensitivity to UV light. Geometric settingsinclude wires, microchannels, narrow annular ducts, superheatedliquid drops, and plates at various orientations. The effects of addi-tives, such as nanoparticles or aqueous polymers and other surfac-tant solutions, are addressed. Some are with binary mixtures.Many papers specifically address surface wetting or contact angle(including dynamic contact angle) effects. Some show surface en-ergy change effects by changing fluid types. Some discuss micro-scopic processes, such as jetting near bubbles, micro-bubbleemission, ‘‘explosive boiling,” or bubble lift-off events while somestudies track paths of single bubbles after nucleation or presentbubble departure diameters and frequencies. Others discuss exter-nal influences such as transient heating or microgravity. Tech-niques for enhanced nucleation and reduction of nucleationhysteresis are discussed and methods for modeling (like bubbletracking) and experimentation are presented [J31–J61].

3. Pool boilingNucleate pool boiling and critical heat flux in pool boiling are

addressed in this section. Incipience, transition boiling, or film boil-ing papers have been put into other sections. Many papers discussperformance with various fluids, such as refrigerants, liquid metals,fuels, lubricants, electrolytes, acids, carbon dioxide, or fluids withadditives like surfactants and nanoparticles. Various macro-scalegeometries, such as annuli of various geometries, small-size heat-ers, downward facing hemispheres, flat surfaces at various orienta-tions, cylinders and bundles of cylinders, and microchannels ornarrow gaps between plates are discussed. Some discuss small-scale geometric features, such as reentrant cavities or micro-por-ous coated surfaces, micro-pin-fins, and junctions between fins.Some address boundary condition effects, such as spatial variationsin applied heat flux, or external influences such as magnetic, andlow-gravity, or micro-gravity fields. Many of the papers presentmodeling concepts (such as a neural network modeling) or exper-imental techniques [J56,J62–J96].

4. Film boilingFilm boiling papers in this section address either pool or forced

convection boiling. They apply to internal or external films onsmooth or prepared surfaces that are flat, downward-facing hemi-spheres, tubes, or spacers. Some discuss various fluid types, such as


Helium II; surface characteristics, such as various metals or oxidelayers; or external influences, such as radiation induced surfaceactivation. Some focus on transient effects, such as film growthrate or dry patch dynamics due to instabilities. Several of the filmboiling papers present modeling ideas and some present experi-mental methods. Several papers in this section discuss transitionboiling, the portion of the boiling curve between nucleate boilingand film boiling [J97–J103].

5. Flow boilingThere were numerous papers in the 2005 review on flow boil-

ing. Forced convection was through straight, single and parallelchannels (including narrow channels, gaps, mini-tubes, micro-channels, tubes with porous material or twisted tapes within), overtubes or tube bundles, or with impinging jets. Micro-channel stud-ies dominated this category. Many papers discussed boiling perfor-mance with various fluids, such as hydrocarbons, high-viscosityfluids, binary mixtures, carbon-dioxide; various refrigerants andrefrigerant mixtures; various solutions with surfactants and salts;and fluid mixtures. Some discussed surface feature effects suchas re-entrant cavities and micro-fins of various designs. Some ad-dressed external influences such as periodic flow rates, bubble-in-duced motion, microgravity, orientation with respect to the gravityvector, or magnetic or electric fields. Many discussed modeling(such as the population balance approach or a homogeneous tur-bulence model) and others discussed experimental techniques(such as liquid crystal thermography) [J104–J151].

6. Two-phase thermohydrodynamic effectsEmphasis in this section was on hydrodynamic effects during

boiling. Some papers dealt with flow boiling, tying behavior totwo-phase flow regimes and others dealt with pool boiling vaporremoval patterns. Some addressed flashing flow. Many addressedmodeling and tied model formulation to the flow regime. Someof the hydrodynamic effects studied were tied to channel geome-try. Papers on boiling in micro-channels and parallel micro-chan-nels were particularly common. Some papers addressed externaleffects such as reduced gravity or electric fields. Many of the pa-pers addressed unsteady or unstable effects tied to thermohydro-dynamics, such as flow through parallel channels which maydisplay periodic wetting and dryout, and ‘‘explosive boiling.” Muchof the work in this section was supported with high-speed photo-graphs [J152–J168].

JJ. Change of phase—condensation

Papers on condensation are categorized into those dealing withthe analysis and modeling of all aspects of condensation heattransfer, surface modifications to enhance heat transfer, experi-mental and analytical papers dealing with global geometrical mod-ifications, and the heat transfer behavior of condensing mixtures.

1. Modeling and analysisAnalytical work on condensation in 2004 includes research on

linear stability of a condensate film acted on by gravity and vaporshear [JJ1], condensation of refrigerants in micro-fin tubes [JJ2], cir-cular and non-circular microchannels [JJ3,JJ4], turbulent condensa-tion on horizontal and inclined elliptical tubes [JJ5,JJ6], tubes withvariable wall temperature [JJ7], models for condensation in a ver-tical tube with non-condensables [JJ8,JJ9], and comparison of theperformance of various models in predicting the effects of non-condensables [JJ10]. Interface location in direct contact condensa-tion was predicted numerically [JJ11], while the effects of large-scale surges of condensate leaving flow systems and associatedsystem response in heat exchangers were studied using a void frac-tion model [JJ12].

2. Global geometryStudies addressed steam and steam–air condensation on banks

of integral-fin tubes [JJ13], R-134a vapor and ethylene glycol con-densing on integral-fin tubes [JJ14,JJ15], and refrigerants condens-ing inside micro-fin tubes [JJ16–JJ20], spiraled micro-fin tubes [JJ6],circular, rectangular and multiport minichannels [JJ21–JJ23]. Tur-bulent condensation on an isothermal sphere [JJ24] was analyzedusing the Colburn analogy. Condensation in nozzles [JJ25] andtransonic flows [JJ26,JJ27] was studied numerically. Steady andtransient behavior of in-tube condensation of steam–air mixtureswas examined in order to understand loss-of-coolant situationsin nuclear reactors [JJ28].

Other work examined re-condensation in non-adiabatic capil-lary tubes [JJ29], direct contact condensation of steam in water[JJ30], reflux condensation of steam-air mixtures in a vertical tube[JJ31], and the effects of flooding on the condensation heat transferperformance of tube banks [JJ32,JJ33].

3. Surface effectsPapers in this category documented the heat transfer behavior

of steam, R113 and ethylene glycol condensing on a wire-wrappedtube [JJ34], dropwise condensation on surfaces covered with self-assembled organic monolayers [JJ35,JJ36] and the effects of smallamounts of additives [JJ36].

4. MixturesPapers on condensing mixtures covered work on in-tube and

external condensation of zeotropic mixtures [JJ37,JJ38], non-azeo-tropic hydrofluorocarbons condensing on low-fin tubes [JJ39] andMarangoni effects in a ternary vapor mixture of water, ethanoland air [JJ40]. Thome [JJ41] presented a unified flow-pattern basedmodel for predicting local heat transfer coefficients for in-tube con-densation of pure fluids, and zeotropic and azeotropic mixtures.

JM. Change of phase—freezing and melting

In this section, freezing and melting problems in the literatureare reviewed. The problems are broken into various further subdi-visions as noted in the subheadings below.

1. Melting and freezing of sphere, cylinders and slabsTopics studied included frost growth on a flat plate [JM1];

phase-change interface in the thawing of frozen food [JM2]; freezedrying of cylindrical porous media [JM3] and melting from a verti-cal plate [JM4].

2. Stefan problems, analytical solutions/special solutionsAn article studied freeze drying problems using a fixed grid

method [JM5].

3. Ice formation/meltingA number of articles were published in this area. They include

effect of ice density change on the heat transfer coefficient [JM6];ventilation in ice rinks [JM7]; heat transfer during ice scraping[JM8]; ice melting in cool-thermal discharge systems [JM9,JM10];de-icing of wings [JM11]; porous media with ice inclusions[JM12]; frost formation [JM13,JM14]; de-frosting of inclined sur-face [JM15]; freezing and immersion cooling in food systems[JM16–JM18]; ice slurry generation and analysis [JM19,JM20]; iceplate melting [JM21]; freezing in scraped surface eutectic crystal-lizer [JM22] and ice crystal interactions in thunderstorms [JM23].Other studies involved MRI investigations of solid fraction duringrecalescence of freezing drops [JM24] and ice gradients in fooddough [JM25].

4. Melting and melt flowsThis subsection contains papers related to phase change in

moving layer [JM26]; electromagnetic treatment of steel melts


[JM27]; oxygen refining in ferromanganese melt [JM28]; ion beamablation [JM29]; Stoke’s problem with melting [JM30]; density var-iation in free surface melt flows [JM31] and nanosize silica melting[JM32].

5. Powders, films, emulsions, polymers and particles in a meltStudies include numerical investigation of heat transfer in com-

posite processing [JM33]; melting and solidification in metal pow-der bed [JM34]; heat transfer in blast furnace [JM35]; andmathematical modeling of a two-layer sintering process [JM36].

6. Glass technologyNo articles in this subsection were reported this year.

7. WeldingStudies include laser microwelding [JM37]; friction welding

[JM38]; and a heat transfer model to obtain a specific weld geom-etry [JM39].

8. Energy storage—PCMHeat transfer associated with phase change materials formed an

active area of research this year. Studies include heat transferenhancement [JM40,JM41]; thermal insulation and regulation[JM42–JM44]; mathematical models [JM45]; PCMs in finned tubes,ducts and heat sinks [JM46–JM49]; heat transfer during phasechange of wax systems [JM50–JM53]; variable wall temperaturePCM storage system [JM54]; effect of geometry [JM55]; metalfoams [JM56]; solidification in PCM [JM57]; polymer solutionsand water as PCM [JM58]; fatty acids in PCM design [JM59]; andthermal conductivity effects on melting in PCM [JM60]. Heat trans-fer studies in rectangular enclosures [JM61,JM62] and thermocap-illary and buoyancy driven flows [JM63] were also studied.

9. Casting, moulding and extrusionActivity in these three areas are broken up below.Casting: Reports in this subsection focused on melt flows

[JM64], coupled heat and mass transfer [JM65], temperature con-trol [JM66] and heat transfer improvements [JM67]. Casting effectswith aluminum [JM68,JM69] and steel [JM70–JM72] were activelystudied. Other studies include water cooling in aluminum and steelcasting [JM73], direct chill casting in alloy [JM74], flows in micro-casting [JM75], film casting [JM76], hot strip rolling of metals[JM77]; Leidenfrost temperature effects and cooling [JM78], direc-tional solidification in blade like castings [JM79], multi-cavity diecasting [JM80], and billet design in continuous casting [JM81].

Moulding: Studies include work on injection moulding tools[JM82], injection moulding [JM83], electromagnetic stirring onmold heat transfer [JM84] and glass bulb mold [JM85].

Extrusion: Heat and mass transfer during a polymer extrusionprocess was studied [JM86].

10. Mushy zone—dendritic growth and segregationPapers studied columnar growth in the presence of convection

[JM87] and dendritic microstructure during directional solidifica-tion in microgravity [JM88].

11. SolidificationWork in this area included an ALE-FEM numerical model [JM89];

composite solidification [JM90]; solidification in horizontal ingots[JM91], tubes [JM92], moulds [JM93,JM94]; solidification controlusing magnetic fields [JM95]; macroscopic modeling [JM96]; verticalgradient freezing [JM97]; polymer solidification [JM98]; alloy solidi-fication [JM99–JM102]; casting solidification and grain structureanalysis [JM103]; thermal processing [JM104] and heat and masstransfer analysis during solidification of a binary solution [JM105].

12. Crystal growthThis subsection discusses heat transfer associated with crystal

growth. Materials studied include polymers [JM106]. Mathemati-

cal models were described [JM107–JM109]. Other studies involveeutectic crystallization [JM110]; baffle design for crystal growth[JM111,JM112]; a periodic crystallization model [JM113]; temper-ature gradient and gravity effects [JM114] and single crystalgrowth [JM115]. One paper studied the Bridgman–Stockbargerprocess coupled with a magnetic field [JM116].

13. Droplets, spray and splat coolingArticles in this section studied liquid metal on cooled moving

substrate [JM117], impinging droplets [JM118], spray forming[JM119], droplet freezing in hypersonic melting ablation [JM120].

14. Oceanic, geological, and astronomical phase changeThe role of chemical boundary layers in regulating oceanic ther-

mal boundary layers was investigated [JM121].

K. Radiation

Papers on radiation focus on the radiative heat transfer calcula-tions and the influence of geometry, the role of radiation in com-bustion processes, the effect of participating media, radiationcombined with other modes of heat transfer, radiative transfer inmicroscale systems, and experimental methods to assess radiativetransfer and materials properties. The papers here are divided intothese subcategories that focus on the different impacts of radia-tion. Most of the papers report the results of modeling studies. Pa-pers describing the developments of new numerical methodsthemselves are reviewed in the numerical methods section underthe subcategory radiation.

1. Radiative transfer calculations and influence of the geometryPapers in this category focus on view factors [K1,K2], and the

modeling of radiative heat transfers in two-dimensional [K3,K4]and three-dimensional systems [K5–K7]. Cylindrical geometriesare studied in [K8]. Papers [K9–K13] focus on improved numericalmethods for radiative transfer.

2. Participating mediaIn the category of participating media, studies concentrate on

the absorptive, emissive, refractive and scattering properties ofmedia. Absorbing/emitting media are investigated in [K14–K23].Emissivity of real gases is considered [K24]. Spatially non-uniformrefraction is considered in [K25–K27]. A significant number ofpapers concentrate on scattering media [K28–K32]. Scattering isimportant in systems containing droplets and particles [K33–K37]. General methods for participating media are discussed in[K38–K47].

3. Radiation and combustionRadiative heat transfer is an important factor in combustion

processes and is studied in several papers [K48–K52].

4. Combined heat transferPapers in this subcategory consider the combined effect of radi-

ation with conduction and/or convection. A large number of papersconsider radiative heat transfer combined with heat conduction[K53–K63]. Radiation combined with convection is treated in[K64–K75]. The combination of all three modes of heat transfer isstudied in [K76–K83].

5. Microscale radiative transferStudies on microscale radiative heat transfer include radiation

in thin films [K84] and through nanoscale apertures [K85].

6. Intensely irradiated systemsStudies in this section investigate the interaction of systems

with intense radiation. Laser irradiation is considered in [K86–K88].


N. Numerical methods

A relatively new capability available to the researchers andpractitioners of heat transfer is the ability to simulate physicalphenomena on a computer. The simulation of heat transfer, fluidflow, and related processes is achieved via numerical solution ofthe governing equations. Such computational simulation is nowwidely used in fundamental research and in industrial applica-tions. New and improved numerical methods are being devel-oped to improve their accuracy, efficiency, and range ofapplicability. Contributions in the current year are subdividedhere into the following categories: (1) Heat conduction—This in-cludes direct and inverse problems in heat conduction, boundaryelement methods, as well as finite-difference and finite-elementmethods; (2) Phase change—heat conduction is sometimesaccompanied by solid–liquid phase change with the associatedcomplexity; (3) Convection and diffusion—an important aspectof calculating scalar variables (such as temperature and velocitycomponents) in the presence of fluid flow is the proper treatmentof convection and diffusion over the whole range of flow rates;(4) Fluid flow—a very large number of heat transfer applicationsinvolve fluid flow. Numerical methods need to address the com-plex task of calculating fluid flow under the conditions of multi-dimensionality, irregular geometry, compressibility, body forces,and turbulence; (5) Other Studies—This subcategory includescomplex industrial applications, non-standard techniques, simu-lation of radiation, and other studies.

Contributions in the current year 2005

1. Heat conductionStudies cover improved techniques for steady and unsteady

heat conduction, boundary element methods and inverse prob-lems, and treatment of special boundary conditions [N1–N37].

2. Phase changeMelting/freezing problems in heat conduction are considered

[N38–N42].

3. Convection and diffusionThe use of streamline upwind techniques is studied in the con-

text of conjugate heat transfer [N43,N44].

4. Fluid flowThe studies in this subcategory include improvements in flow-

calculation techniques, turbulence models, and multi-phase flows[N45–N91].

5. Other studiesThese include a variety of applications involving microwave

radiation, MEMS structures, pulse-tube refrigerator, meshlessmethods, furnaces, and fires [N92–N122].

P. Properties

This section deals with the studies undertaken to investigatethe behavior of various thermophysical and thermodynamic prop-erties. The following classifications have been made:

1. Thermal conductivity, diffusivity and effusivityThermal conductivity and diffusivity investigations drew a lot

of attention. Some well established experimental and numericaltechniques were used to estimate the thermal conductivity anddiffusivity for a wide variety of materials [P1–P24]. These methodsare Transient Plane Source (TPS) [P1], pulsed and thermal quadru-ples [P2], electrical resistance thermometry [P3], transient and par-allel hot wire techniques [P4–P6,P25], infrared thermography [P7],

laser flash [P8], photoacoustics [P9], 1-x, 2-x and 3-x methods[P26] and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations [P10]. New techniques,setups and models were also developed to estimate thermal con-ductivity and diffusivity or to extend the applicability of alreadyexisting techniques [P19–P22,P25,P27–P30]. In addition, the ef-fects of parameters such as phonon transport and electrical resis-tivity on thermal conductivity were also studied [P13,P14].

2. DiffusionArticles under this subsection included an experimental study to

determine the diffusion coefficients of frake (wood) under differenttemperatures [P31] and a discussion on the applicability of the dif-fusion to model complex and even nondiffusive phenomena [P32].

3. Heat capacityStudies included determination of heat capacities of various

materials [P5,P22,P33,P34] through numerical simulations basedon quantum kinetic equation approach [P22] and experimentalmethods like hot wire parallel technique [P5], temperature modu-lated calorimetry [P33] and group contribution method [P34]. 1-x,2-x and 3-x methods for determination of specific heat were alsoanalyzed [P26].

4. Thermophysical propertiesSome new techniques and models [P22,P35–P41] to calculate

thermophysical parameters such as heat transfer coefficients, tem-perature jump coefficients and vapor–liquid equilibrium proper-ties of various materials [P37–P39,P42] were developed.

Q. Heat transfer applications—heat exchangers andthermosyphons

The papers in this category relate to heat exchanger theory,operation, fouling, and heat pipes. Like the previous years, a majoreffort is directed toward the design, modeling, analysis, and corre-lation of existing data on heat exchangers.

1. Heat exchangersPerformance studies were conducted using LMTD and NTU

methodologies [Q1–Q11]. Several optimization studies were per-formed [Q12–Q22]. Analytical modeling of heat transfer was con-ducted using various approaches [Q12–Q17]. The types of heat-exchangers studied include shell-and-tube [Q18–Q22], finned-tube[Q23–Q32], plate [Q33–Q39], plate-fin [Q40–Q48], regenerativesystems [Q49,Q50], multi-tube (concentric) [Q51–Q58], polymeric[Q59–Q63], spiral coils [Q64–Q66], rotating system [Q67], falling-bed [Q68] and fluidized heat exchangers [Q69].

Some novel studies include development of fractal exchangers[Q70], fibrous total exchangers (THXs) [Q71], ceramic exchangers[Q72,Q73], ring channel exchangers [Q74], thermoacoustic sys-tems [Q75–Q77] and assessment of condensate damage [Q78].Other studies involved direct contact exchangers [Q79,Q80], cool-ing-towers [Q8,Q9,Q15,Q81–Q87] and aircraft air-conditioningsystems [Q88,Q89]. General heat transfer studies involved cou-pling of a heat-exchanger with a household furnace [Q90], correla-tion between flow and temperature heterogeneities in a scaledmodel of an industrial exchanger [Q91] and modeling of a mantleexchanger [Q92].

2. Heat transfer enhancementA variety of approaches have been explored to enhance heat

transfer. These include vortex generators [Q58,Q93], louvered fins[Q94,Q95], microchannels [Q96,Q97], thermoelectric coolers[Q98,Q99], pin elements [Q100], winglets [Q101], EHD [Q102],surface coatings [Q103] and nanofluids [Q104,Q105]. Heat trans-fer enhancement in a spray evaporator has been discussed[Q106].


3. FoulingFouling of heat exchangers can significantly hinder the perfor-

mance of a plant and its elements. Efforts continue to understand,prevent or mitigate the phenomenon. Articles related to foulinginvolve modeling [Q107–Q113], control/mitigation [Q114–Q119]and performance studies [Q120].

4. Thermosyphons (heat pipes)In this sub-section, design, modeling and analysis of a number

of heat-pipe applications are included. Thermal performance ofvarious wick materials [Q121,Q122] and working fluids [Q123–Q125] have been analyzed. Special types of heat pipes which havebeen studied include loop heat pipes (LHPs) [Q126–Q132], pulsat-ing heat pipes [Q132–Q137], sorption heat pipes [Q132,Q138] andannular heat pipes [Q139].

Several design studies for heat pipes have been conducted[Q140–Q143]. A few analytical models [Q144–Q149] and CFD sim-ulations [Q150,Q151] have been discussed. Performance studies ofvarious thermosyphons have been conducted [Q80,Q152–Q160].

S. Heat transfer applications—general

This section includes the articles related to heat transfer studiesin general applications, which include nuclear reactors, buildings,thermodynamic cycles, electronics cooling, manufacturing, fuelcells and gas-turbines. This year’s summary is divided into the fol-lowing subcategories.

1. Nuclear reactorsThis topic includes papers related to heat transfer in reactor

vessels [S1–S3], and fuel rod elements [S4–S8]. Thermal-hydrauliccharacteristics of an encapsulated nuclear heat source were ana-lyzed [S9]. Heat transfer in research and breeder reactors werestudied [S7,S10–S13]. Heat and fission product transport in a mol-ten core material pool was studied [S14].

2. BuildingsDetermination of wall surface temperatures and heat transfer

coefficients in buildings were studied [S15,S16]. Other types ofstudies include building envelopes [S17–S20], moisture control[S21], cooling systems [S22–S27], thermal bridges [S28], outdoorenvironments [S29,S30] and air distribution systems [S31,S32].

3. RefrigerationThis topic includes papers related to thermodynamic refrigera-

tion cycles [S33–S38], sorption cooling systems [S39–S54], andthermoelectric cooling [S55,S56]. Heat transfer in air-conditioningsystems [S57] and distillation systems were studied [S58]. Somegeneral heat transfer concepts in refrigeration were also covered[S59–S65].

4. Heat enginesThis topic includes articles related to thermodynamic heat-

engine cycles [S66–S77], performance (power/efficiency) studies[S78–S80], thermoacoustic engines [S81], reciprocating engines[S82], engine combustion [S83,S84] and knock detection [S85].

5. Heat pumpsArticles in this subcategory relate to heat-pumps. Several per-

formance based studies were conducted [S86,S87]. Sorption heat-pump cycle models were analyzed [S88,S89]. Thermodynamiccharacteristics of heat pump cycles were studied [S90–S93].

6. Electronic packagingArticles in this section can be broadly subdivided into air-cooled

and liquid-cooled systems. Forced convection air-cooled studiesinclude wavy-plates [S94], heat sinks [S95,S96], and microjets[S97]. Various liquid-cooled systems were studied [S98–S103].

Some CFD modeling studies were conducted [S104–S107]. Otherpackaging studies involve heat spreader structures [S108], cold-plates [S109], heat pipes [S110–S115], fins [S116–S118], phase-change materials [S119], 3D packaging [S120], closed-loop refrig-eration systems [S121–S123] and graphite foams [S124]. Miscella-neous studies in this subcategory include cellular phone thermalmanagement [S125], LEDs [S126], computer chassis [S127] andunderground electronics shelters [S128]. Next generation devicesfor electronics cooling were proposed [S129,S130].

7. GeophysicsThis section contains papers related to heat and moisture trans-

port in geophysical entities. These include radiometric and infraredmeasurements [S131,S132], ground (soil, rock) systems [S133–S142], water surfaces (seas, oceans) [S131,S143], geological storagereservoirs [S144], and snow [S145].

8. Manufacturing and processingThis section contains papers which studied heat transfer in a

wide variety of manufacturing processes, which include casting[S146–S156], annealing [S157], welding [S158,S159], machining[S160–S164]. Some other manufacturing processes which werestudied include glass-bending [S165], drawing [S166], hot-rolling[S167,S168], cold-rolling [S169], laser heating [S170–S173], chem-ical vapor deposition (CVD) [S174], calendering [S175], creep-feedgrinding [S176], hot-metal coiling [S177], lithography [S178,S179]and paper-machines [S180]. Heat transfer in furnaces and catalyticprocesses was analyzed [S181–S188]. Cooling-down processeswere studied [S189–S194]. Several numerical studies in heat pro-cessing were conducted [S195–S197]. Thermal behavior of coat-ings and composites were studied [S198–S202].

9. Food processingControl of process parameters during thermal treatments of

food was studied [S203,S204]. Transport phenomena in food engi-neering was studied [S205–S207]. Thermal treatment of variousfood products was studied [S208–S215]. Cooling systems for foodcabinets were described [S216].

10. Fuel cellsHeat transfer studies related to fuel cells include polymer elec-

trolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) [S217–S222], solid oxide fuelcells (SOFC) [S223,S224], and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC)[S225]. Thermal management issues in fuel cells were also ad-dressed [S226].

11. Nano-systemsNano-scale heat transport in solids was simulated [S227–S230].

Thermal management using nanofluids was studied [S231,S232].

12. Gas-turbinesVelocity and heat transfer measurements were conducted in

transonic cascades [S233,S234]. Various computational simula-tions were performed [S235–S238]. Other studies include fuselagetemperature distribution [S239], flow structures [S240], tip leakage[S241], blade cooling [S242–S246], design issues (delta-winglets)[S247]. Waste heat recovery in a gas turbine system was studied[S248].

13. Energy storageSeveral energy storage units were studied [S22,S249–S253].

14. MiscellaneousThis section contains general topics in heat transfer which do

not fit in any of the above categories. These include supersonicnozzles [S254], regenerative wheels [S255], combustion [S256–S259], cryogenic fluids [S260], superfluids [S261], space systems[S254,S262], automobile units [S263–S266], CO2 heat transfer[S267], reinforced and composite materials [S268–S271], firing of


reactive walls [S272], phase-change materials [S273], ultrasonicwaves [S274], corrosion [S275], electric machines [S276], biocrys-tals [S277] and thermoelectric generators [S278].

T. Solar energy

Heat transfer studies in the field of solar energy address a broadrange of topics covering a variety of applications for buildings topower plants. Papers are broadly divided into solar radiation fun-damentals and measurement, low-temperature applications,high-temperature applications, building components, and storagetechnologies. Papers on solar energy that do not focus on heattransfer, for example, papers on photovoltaics (except for thosethat deal with combined thermal systems), wind energy, architec-tural aspects of buildings, and control of space heating or coolingsystems are not included. Subcategories are summarized below.

1. Measurements and models of solar radiationMost papers in this category present modeling approaches to

simulate, evaluate or use measured solar data [T1,T2]. Instrumen-tation is presented in [T3].

2. Low temperature applicationsLow temperature solar applications include solar water and res-

idential space heating [T4–T18], space cooling [T19–T21], desalina-tion [T22–T27], water pumping [T28], cooking [T29], andagricultural (greenhouse) applications [T30–T32]. Papers on flatplate and low concentration solar collectors include heat transfermodeling and experiments of innovative concepts to improve effi-ciency [T33–T49].

3. High temperature applicationsThe majority of papers this area use concentrated solar thermal

energy developed in parabolic trough, parabolic dish and heliostatfields combined with a central receiver to drive endothermicchemical reactions or power systems. Heat transfer investigationsin encompass thermal design and analysis of heat transfer andchemical conversion in solar thermo-chemical reactors [T50–T54], electric power systems using volumetric receivers and linearabsorbers [T55,T56], and a solar chimney [T57]. Temperature andradiative measurement techniques in concentrating systems areaddressed in [T58]. Other papers consider heat sinks for high fluxphotovoltaic concentrators [T59] and thermal analysis of a co-gen-eration biomass plant [T60].

4. Building componentsThis section is restricted to modeling and measurement of heat

transfer and moisture transport in building components [T61–T66], and building integrated solar thermal and PV collectors[T67,T68] as well building energy use models and data [T69–T71].

5. StoragePapers in this section address both capacity and power of a vari-

ety of storage media and storage devices for low and high temper-ature solar thermal applications. Thermal processes duringcharging and discharge of phase change materials [T72–T74].Other efforts for low temperature storage consider longer termstorage in-ground water storage [T75]. Papers on conventionalsensible heat storage in water tanks are included in low tempera-ture applications. Study of high temperature storage considersthermocline filler materials and molten salt [T76].

U. Plasma heat transfer and MHD

This chapter includes the characterization of discharge plasmasthrough modeling and diagnostics of the fluid flow and heat trans-fer in a variety of plasma generating devices. These characteriza-

tions address the fundamental interactions of plasmas withsolids (heat and momentum transfer), as well as the descriptionof specific plasma processes. Because of the multitude of physicaleffects and the strong non-linearity of any such process, a contin-uous improvement in the descriptions is seen on the removal ofsimplifying assumptions and by becoming more and more realistic.This holds for the modeling description and for the experimentalprocess characterization.

The MHD section is usually devoted to description of differentmodeling approaches for heat and mass transfer in the presenceof electric and magnetic fields with electrically conducting fluids.Different geometries, different fluid properties and different accel-erating forces are considered.

This year’s summary is divided into the following sub-sections.

1. Modeling of plasma properties, plasma generating devices, andspecific plasma processes

This includes determination of plasma transport properties[U1], simulation of plasma jets in different flow regimes [U2,U3],and plasma generating devices for different applications [U4–U7].

2. Fundamentals of plasma—solid interactionThis topic includes electrode effects [U8], surface heating

[U9,U10] and plasma particle interaction [U11].

3. Plasma process characterizationThis section includes characterization of the plasma spray pro-

cess including the characterization of the coatings [U12–U15], thewelding process [U16–U19] and of discharges as encountered inelectric discharge machining [U20–U22].

4. Magneto hydro dynamics (MHD)This section contains a number of modeling approach descrip-

tions for heat and mass transfer with non-Newtonian fluids[U23–U27], for different geometries and fluid properties [U28–U35], and for different accelerating forces, e.g. flow inside porousmedia, with free convection or with suction or mass additionthrough porous boundaries [U36–U43].

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[B1] L. Abidi, M.Z. Saghir, D. Labrie, Use of an axial magnetic field to suppressconvection in the solvent of Ge0.98Si0.02 grown by the travelling solventmethod, International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 22 (1–3)(2005) 2–19.

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[B22] G.I. Mahmood, R. Gustafson, S. Acharya, Experimental investigation of flowstructure and nusselt number in a low-speed linear blade passage with andwithout leading-edge fillets, Journal of Heat Transfer 127 (5) (2005) 499–512.

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[B34] A.K. Dhiman, R.P. Chhabra, V. Eswaran, Flow and heat transfer across aconfined square cylinder in the steady flow regime: effect of Peclet number,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (21–22) (2005) 4598–4614.

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[B49] B.L. Kuo, Heat transfer analysis for the Falkner-Skan wedge flow by thedifferential transformation method, International Journal of Heat and MassTransfer 48 (23–24) (2005) 5036–5046.

[B50] D.C. Look Jr., A. Krishnan, Corrections based on two-dimensional fin analysisof tip conditions, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 19 (2) (2005)251–254.

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[B55] I.V. Shevchuk, A new type of the boundary condition allowing analyticalsolution of the thermal boundary layer equation, International Journal ofThermal Sciences 44 (4) (2005) 374–381.

[B56] N. Simoes, A. Tadeu, Fundamental solutions for transient heat transfer byconduction and convection in an unbounded, half-space, slab and layeredmedia in the frequency domain, Engineering Analysis with BoundaryElements 29 (12) (2005) 1130–1142.

[B57] E.M. Sparrow, J.P. Abraham, Universal solutions for the streamwisevariation of the temperature of a moving sheet in the presence of a movingfluid, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (15) (2005) 3047–3056.

[B58] B. Kundu, P.K. Das, Optimum profile of thin fins with volumetric heatgeneration: a unified approach, Journal of Heat Transfer 127 (8) (2005) 945–948.

[B59] A. Arikoglu, I. Ozkol, Analysis for slip flow over a single free disk with heattransfer, Journal of Fluids Engineering, Transactions of the ASME 127 (3)(2005) 624–627.

[B60] O. Aydin, A. Kaya, Laminar boundary layer flow over a horizontalpermeable flat plate, Applied Mathematics and Computation 161 (1) (2005)229–240.

[B61] T. Bello-Ochende, A. Bejan, Constructal multi-scale cylinders in cross-flow,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (7) (2005) 1373–1383.

[B62] J.F. Bonder, N. Wolanski, Uniqueness of limit solutions to a free boundaryproblem from combustion, SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 36 (1)(2005) 172–185.

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[B64] K. Dhinsa, C. Bailey, K. Pericleous, Investigation into the performance ofturbulence models for fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena in electronicapplications, IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies28 (4) (2005) 686–699.

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[B66] W.K. In, T.H. Chun, Assessment of the rans turbulence models for a turbulentflow and heat transfer in a rod bundle, Nuclear Technology 150 (3) (2005)231–250.

[B67] R.K. Jha, S. Chakraborty, Genetic algorithm-based optimal design of plate finsfollowing minimum entropy generation considerations, Proceedings of theInstitution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of MechanicalEngineering Science 219 (8) (2005) 757–765.

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[B71] H. Gomaa, A.M. Al Taweel, Effect of oscillatory motion on heat transfer atvertical flat surfaces, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (8)(2005) 1494–1504.

[B72] S.K. Kim, S.Y. Kim, Y.D. Choi, Amplification of boundary layer instability byhot wall thermal oscillation in a side heated cavity, Physics of Fluids 17 (1)(2005).

[B73] J. Li, J.C.M. Li, Temperature distribution in workpiece during scratchingand grinding, Materials Science and Engineering A 409 (1–2) (2005) 108–119.

[B74] S.S. Motsa, P. Sibanda, Investigation of compliancy effects on the inviscidinstability in fluid flow over a flat plate with heat transfer,International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat and Fluid Flow 15 (6)(2005) 504–516.

[B75] J. Padet, Transient convective heat transfer, Journal of the Brazilian Society ofMechanical Sciences and Engineering 27 (1) (2005) 74–95.

[B76] M.C. Paul, D.A.S. Rees, M. Wilson, The influence of higher order effects on thelinear wave instability of vertical free convective boundary layer flow,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (3–4) (2005) 809–817.

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[B78] M. Thiruvengadam, J.H. Nie, B.F. Armaly, Bifurcated three-dimensional forcedconvection in plane symmetric sudden expansion, International Journal ofHeat and Mass Transfer 48 (15) (2005) 3128–3139.

[B79] G. Yuan, G.D. Wang, X.H. Liu, Numerical simulation of heat transfer processunder ultra fast cooling for hot strip, Kang T’ieh/Iron and Steel (Peking) 40(SUPPL.) (2005) 610–613.

[B80] L.A. Florio, A. Harnoy, Feasibility study of unconventional cooling ofelectronic components by vibrating plates at close proximity, NumericalHeat Transfer; Part A: Applications 47 (10) (2005) 997–1024.

[B81] H. Yapici, G. Basturk, Numerical solutions of transient conjugate heat transferand thermally induced stress distribution in a heated and rotating hollowdisk, Energy Conversion and Management 46 (1) (2005) 61–84.

[B82] S.O. Olutimayin, C.J. Simonson, Measuring and modeling vapor boundarylayer growth during transient diffusion heat and moisture transfer incellulose insulation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48(16) (2005) 3319–3330.

[B83] Z.H. Liu, Q.Z. Zhu, Heat transfer in a subcooled water film falling across ahorizontal heated tube, Chemical Engineering Communications 192 (10–12)(2005) 1334–1346.

[B84] V.M. Shevtsova, A. Mialdun, M. Mojahed, A study of heat transfer in liquidbridges near onset of instability, Journal of Non-EquilibriumThermodynamics 30 (3) (2005) 261–281.

[B85] R. Subramanian, M.A. Jog, Enhancement of heat transfer by an electric fieldfor a drop translating at intermediate Reynolds number, Journal of HeatTransfer 127 (10) (2005) 1087–1095.

[B86] V.G. Lushchik, A.E. Yakubenko, Friction and heat transfer in the boundarylayer on a permeable surface with injection of foreign gas, High Temperature43 (6) (2005) 881–889.

[B87] Q. Chen et al., Heat transfer from a chemically oxidized or anodized copperplate to liquid helium, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48(21–22) (2005) 4652–4656.

[B88] M.A. Ezzat, M. Zakaria, Heat transfer with thermal relaxation to a perfectlyconducting polar fluid, Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- undStoffuebertragung 41 (3) (2005) 189–198.

[B89] Y.Y. Lok et al., Steady mixed convection flow of a micropolar fluid near thestagnation point on a vertical surface, International Journal of NumericalMethods for Heat and Fluid Flow 15 (7) (2005) 654–670.


[B90] Y. Msaad, A numerical methodology for coupled diffusive transfer modeling:application to concrete subjected to heating, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B:Fundamentals 48 (1) (2005) 89–101.

[B91] A. Pantokratoras, Forced and mixed convection boundary layer flow along aflat plate with variable viscosity and variable Prandtl number: new results,Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung 41 (12) (2005)1085–1094.

[B92] M.K. Partha, P.V.S.N. Murthy, G.P. Rajasekhar, Effect of viscous dissipation on themixed convection heat transfer from an exponentially stretching surface, Heatand Mass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung 41 (4) (2005) 360–366.

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[C1] O. Aydin, Effects of viscous dissipation on the heat transfer in a forced pipeflow. Part 2: thermally developing flow, Energy Conversion and Management46 (18–19) (2005) 3091–3102.

[C2] O. Aydin, Effects of viscous dissipation on the heat transfer in forced pipeflow. Part 1: both hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed flow,Energy Conversion and Management 46 (5) (2005) 757–769.

[C3] J.H. Bae, J.Y. Yoo, H. Choi, Direct numerical simulation of turbulentsupercritical flows with heat transfer, Physics of Fluids 17 (10) (2005).

[C4] A. Barletta, On the existence of parallel flow for mixed convection in aninclined duct, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (10) (2005)2042–2049.

[C5] A. Barletta, S. Lazzari, Forced and free flow in a vertical annular duct undernonaxisymmetric conditions, Journal of Heat Transfer 127 (6) (2005) 606–613.

[C6] A. Barletta, E. Magyari, B. Keller, Dual mixed convection flows in a verticalchannel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (23–24) (2005)4835–4845.

[C7] F. Bazdidi-Tehrani, M. Nezamabadi, Effect of Gr/Re on mixed convection andcombined mixed convection-radiation heat transfer within a vertical channelwith variable wall temperature, Scientia Iranica 12 (2) (2005) 178–189.

[C8] R. Ben-Mansour, A.Z. Sahin, Entropy generation in developing laminar fluidflow through a circular pipe with variable properties, Heat and MassTransfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung 42 (1) (2005) 1–11.

[C9] V. Bertola, E. Cafaro, Geometric approach to laminar convection, Journal ofThermophysics and Heat Transfer 19 (4) (2005) 581–583.

[C10] R. Bunker et al., Enhancement of heat transfer in a short rectangular channelwith substantial deflection of inlet velocity from axial direction, HeatTransfer Research 36 (4) (2005) 311–318.

[C11] A. Campo, Quick identification of gases for enhancing heat transfer inturbulent pipe flows using standard correlation equations for the convectivecoefficient and the friction factor, Applied Thermal Engineering 25 (13)(2005) 2029–2038.

[C12] C.K. Chen, L.W. Wu, Y.T. Yang, Estimation of unknown outer-wall heat flux inturbulent circular pipe flow with conduction in the pipe wall, InternationalJournal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (19–20) (2005) 3971–3981.

[C13] S.W. Churchill, B. Yu, Y. Kawaguchi, The accuracy and parametric sensitivityof algebraic models for turbulent flow and convection, International Journalof Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (25–26) (2005) 5488–5503.

[C14] M.E. Erdogan, C.E. Imrak, The effects of duct shape on the nusselt number,Mathematical and Computational Applications 10 (1) (2005) 79–88.

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[C18] W. Lin, S.W. Armfield, Long-term behavior of cooling fluid in a verticalcylinder, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (1) (2005) 53–66.

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[DP1] Z.Q. Chen, M.H. Shi, Study of heat and moisture migration properties inporous building materials, Applied Thermal Engineering 25 (1) (2005) 61–71.

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[DP17] M. Qin, R. Belarbi, Development of an analytical method for simultaneousheat and moisture transfer in building materials utilizing transferfunction method, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 17 (5) (2005)492–497.

[DP18] A.H. Reis, R. Rosa, Role of sorption isotherms in the analysis of coupled heatand mass fluxes in porous media, Journal of Porous Media 8 (3) (2005) 259–269.

[DP19] P. Tandon, J. Balakrishnan, Predicting heat and mass transfer to a growing,rotating preform during soot deposition in the outside vapor depositionprocess, Chemical Engineering Science 60 (18) (2005) 5118–5128.

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[DP28] V.V. Kalinchak, O.N. Zui, S.G. Orlovskaya, The effect of the temperature anddiameter of porous carbon particles on the kinetics of chemical reactionsand heat and mass transfer with air, High Temperature 43 (5) (2005) 781–790.

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[DP37] B.B. Rokhman, A two-zone model for aerodynamics, heat-and-mass transferprocesses, and combustion in the freeboard space of the furnace of acirculating fluidized-bed boiler, Thermal Engineering (English translation ofTeploenergetika) 52 (9) (2005) 698–705.

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[DP41] G.N. Vijay, B.V. Reddy, Effect of dilute and dense phase operating conditionson bed-to-wall heat transfer mechanism in a circulating fluidized bedcombustor, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (16) (2005)3276–3283.

[DP42] L. Wang, P. Wu, X. Ni, Surface-particle-emulsion model of heat transferbetween a fluidized bed and an immersed surface, Powder Technology 149(2–3) (2005) 127–138.

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[DP44] N. Dukhan et al., One-dimensional heat transfer analysis in open-cell 10-ppimetal foam, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (25–26)(2005) 5112–5120.

[DP45] A.J. Fuller et al., Measurement and interpretation of the heat transfercoefficients of metal foams, Proceedings of the Institution of MechanicalEngineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219 (2) (2005)183–191.

[DP46] L. Giani, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, Heat transfer characterization of metallicfoams, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 44 (24) (2005) 9078–9085.

[DP47] T.M. Jeng, L.K. Liu, Y.H. Hung, A novel semi-empirical model for evaluatingthermal performance of porous metallic foam heat sinks, Journal ofElectronic Packaging, Transactions of the ASME 127 (3) (2005) 223–234.

[DP48] K.C. Leong, L.W. Jin, An experimental study of heat transfer in oscillatingflow through a channel filled with an aluminum foam, International Journalof Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (2) (2005) 243–253.

[DP49] H. Togashi, K. Yuki, H. Hashizume, Heat transfer enhancement techniquewith copper fiber porous media, Fusion Science and Technology 47 (3)(2005) 740–745.

[DP50] W.T. Wu et al., Measurement and correlation of hydraulic resistance of flowthrough woven metal screens, International Journal of Heat and MassTransfer 48 (14) (2005) 3008–3017.

[DP51] K. Yuki et al., Super-high heat flux removal using sintered metal porousmedia, Journal of Thermal Science 14 (3) (2005) 272–280.

[DP52] E.M. Abo-Eldahab, M.A. El Aziz, Flow and heat transfer in a micropolar fluidpast a stretching surface embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium withuniform free stream, Applied Mathematics and Computation 162 (2) (2005)881–899.

[DP53] E.M. Abo-Eldahab, A.F. Ghonaim, Radiation effect on heat transfer of amicropolar fluid through a porous medium, Applied Mathematics andComputation 169 (1) (2005) 500–510.

[DP54] H.A. Attia, Unsteady couette flow with heat transfer considering ion-slip,Turkish Journal of Physics 29 (6) (2005) 379–388.

[DP55] H.A. Attia, Numerical study of flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonianfluid on a rotating porous disk, Applied Mathematics and Computation 163(1) (2005) 327–342.

[DP56] V.J. Bansod, The effects of blowing and suction on double diffusion by mixedconvection over inclined permeable surface, Transport in Porous Media 60(3) (2005) 301–317.

[DP57] R.A. Bortolozzi, J.A. Deiber, Effects of thermal spot configurations on theflow through porous media driven by natural and forced convection,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (16) (2005) 3294–3307.

[DP58] A. Cantarel et al., Metal matrix composite processing: numerical study ofheat transfer between fibers and metal, International Journal of NumericalMethods for Heat and Fluid Flow 15 (8) (2005) 808–826.

[DP59] L. Cheng, A.V. Kuznetsov, Heat transfer in a laminar flow in a helical pipefilled with a fluid saturated porous medium, International Journal ofThermal Sciences 44 (8) (2005) 787–798.

[DP60] I.A. Hassanien, G.M. Omer, Mixed-convection flow adjacent to a horizontalsurface in a porous medium with variable permeability and surface heatflux, Journal of Porous Media 8 (2) (2005) 225–235.

[DP61] L. Li, S. Kimura, Numerical simulation on mixed convection in a porousmedium heated by a vertical cylinder, Strojniski Vestnik/Journal ofMechanical Engineering 51 (7–8) (2005) 491–494.

[DP62] L. Li, S. Kimura, Mixed convection around a heated vertical cylinderembedded in porous medium, Progress in Natural Science 15 (7) (2005)661–664.

[DP63] E. Magyari, I. Pop, B. Keller, Exact solutions for a longitudinal steady mixedconvection flow over a permeable vertical thin cylinder in a porousmedium, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (16) (2005)3435–3442.

[DP64] N.H. Saeid, I. Pop, Mixed convection from two thermal sources in a verticalporous layer, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (19–20)(2005) 4150–4160.

[DP65] P.K. Sharma, Simultaneous thermal and mass diffusion on three-dimensional mixed convection flow through a porous medium, Journal ofPorous Media 8 (4) (2005) 409–417.

[DP66] W. Tan, T. Masuoka, Stokes’ first problem for a second grade fluid in aporous half-space with heated boundary, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 40 (4) (2005) 515–522.

[DP67] S.C. Tzeng et al., Mixed convective heat-transfers in a porous channel withsintered copper beads, Applied Energy 81 (1) (2005) 19–31.

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[DP71] J.J. Foo, W.H. Shih, W.H. Hsieh, Analytical study of two-dimensional forcedconvective heat transfer of porous media under local-thermal-equilibriumconditions, Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers,Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Series C/Chung-Kuo ChiHsueh Kung Ch’eng Hsuebo Pao 26 (1–2) (2005) 107–113.

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[DP74] A. Haji-Sheikh, E.M. Sparrow, W.J. Minkowycz, Heat transfer to flowthrough porous passages using extended weighted residuals method - aGreen’s function solution, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer48 (7) (2005) 1330–1349.

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[DP77] A. Horvat, B. Mavko, Calculation of conjugate heat transfer problem withvolumetric heat generation using the Galerkin method, AppliedMathematical Modelling 29 (5) (2005) 477–495.

[DP78] M. Hossain, M. Acar, W. Malalasekera, A mathematical model for airflow,heat transfer through fibrous webs, Proceedings of the Institution ofMechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering219 (4) (2005) 357–366.

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[DP83] T.M. Jeng, S.C. Tzeng, Numerical study of confined slot jet impinging onporous metallic foam heat sink, International Journal of Heat and MassTransfer 48 (23–24) (2005) 4685–4694.

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[DP91] K.A. Maleque, M.A. Sattar, Steady laminar convective flow with variableproperties due to a porous rotating disk, Journal of Heat Transfer 127 (12)(2005) 1406–1409.

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[DP94] J.Y. Min, S.J. Kim, A novel methodology for thermal analysis of a compositesystem consisting of a porous medium and an adjacent fluid layer, Journalof Heat Transfer 127 (6) (2005) 648–656.

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[J151] G. Nellis, C. Hughes, J. Pfotenhauer, Heat transfer coefficient measurementsfor mixed gas working fluids at cryogenic temperatures, Cryogenics 45 (8)(2005) 546–556.

[J152] J.R. Barbosa Jr., Two-phase non-equilibrium models: the challenge ofimproving phase change heat transfer prediction, Journal of the BrazilianSociety of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 27 (1) (2005) 31–45.


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[J155] G. Hetsroni et al., Explosive boiling of water in parallel micro-channels,International Journal of Multiphase Flow 31 (4) (2005) 371–392.

[J156] J. Lee, I. Mudawar, Two-phase flow in high-heat-flux micro-channel heatsink for refrigeration cooling applications: part II - heat transfercharacteristics, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (5)(2005) 941–955.

[J157] H.Y. Li, P.C. Lee, C. Pan, Two-phase flow instability of boiling in two parallelmicrochannels, Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers,Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Series C/Chung-Kuo ChiHsueh Kung Ch’eng Hsuebo Pao 26 (1–2) (2005) 27–34.

[J158] J. Li, G.P. Peterson, Boiling nucleation and two-phase flow patterns in forcedliquid flow in microchannels, International Journal of Heat and MassTransfer 48 (23–24) (2005) 4797–4810.

[J159] S. Saitoh, H. Daiguji, E. Hihara, Effect of tube diameter on boiling heattransfer of R-134a in horizontal small-diameter tubes, International Journalof Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (23–24) (2005) 4973–4984.

[J160] W. Sripattrapan, S. Wongwises, Two-phase flow of refrigerants duringevaporation under constant heat flux in a horizontal tube, InternationalCommunications in Heat and Mass Transfer 32 (3–4) (2005) 386–402.

[J161] J.R. Thome, Update on advances in flow pattern based two-phase heattransfer models, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 29 (3) (2005) 341–349.

[J162] L. Wojtan, T. Ursenbacher, J.R. Thome, Investigation of flow boiling inhorizontal tubes: part I - a new diabatic two-phase flow pattern map,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (14) (2005) 2955–2969.

[J163] L. Wojtan, T. Ursenbacher, J.R. Thome, Investigation of flow boiling inhorizontal tubes: part II - development of a new heat transfer model forstratified-wavy, dryout and mist flow regimes, International Journal of Heatand Mass Transfer 48 (14) (2005) 2970–2985.

[J164] J. Xu et al., Microscale boiling heat transfer in a micro-timescale at high heatfluxes, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 15 (2) (2005) 362–376.

[J165] J. Xu et al., Transient flow pattern based microscale boiling heat transfermechanisms, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 15 (6) (2005)1344–1361.

[J166] C.W. Zhang et al., Theoretical investigation of flow regime for boiling watertwo-phase flow in horizontal rectangular narrow channels, HedongliGongcheng/Nuclear Power Engineering 26 (4)..

[J167] M.A. Bahajji et al., Study about the flashing process through a meteringexpansion valve, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2005. 29 (7 SPEC.ISS.) (2005) 757–763..

[J168] J. Cotton et al., A two-phase flow pattern map for annular channels under aDC applied voltage and the application to electrohydrodynamic convectiveboiling analysis, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (25-26)(2005) 5536–5579.

[JJ1] S.P. Aktershev, S.V. Alekseenko, Influence of condensation on the stability ofa liquid film moving under the effect of gravity and turbulent vapor flow,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (6) (2005) 1039–1052.

[JJ2] L.M. Chamra et al., Modeling of condensation heat transfer of purerefrigerants in micro-fin tubes, International Journal of Heat and MassTransfer 48 (7) (2005) 1293–1302.

[JJ3] S. Garimella, A. Agarwal, J.D. Killion, Condensation pressure drop in circularmicrochannels, Heat Transfer Engineering 26 (3) (2005) 28–35.

[JJ4] H.S. Wang, J.W. Rose, A theory of film condensation in horizontalnoncircular section microchannels, Journal of Heat Transfer 127 (10)(2005) 1096–1105.

[JJ5] Y.T. Lin, S.A. Yang, Turbulent film condensation on a horizontal ellipticaltube, Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung 41 (6) (2005)495–502.

[JJ6] M. Mosaad, Forced convection laminar film condensation on an inclinedelliptical tube in the absence of gravity, Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme-und Stoffuebertragung 41 (11) (2005) 953–960.

[JJ7] Y.T. Lin, S.A. Yang, Turbulent film condensation on a nonisothermalhorizontal tube, Journal of Mechanics 21 (4) (2005) 235–242.

[JJ8] S. Oh, S.T. Revankar, Boundary layer analysis for steam condensation in avertical tube with noncondensable gases, International Journal of HeatExchangers 6 (1) (2005) 93–124.

[JJ9] S.T. Revankar, D. Pollock, Laminar film condensation in a vertical tube in thepresence of noncondensable gas, Applied Mathematical Modelling 29 (4)(2005) 341–359.

[JJ10] J.M. Martin-Valdepenas et al., Comparison of film condensation models inpresence of non-condensable gases implemented in a CFD Code, Heat andMass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung 41 (11) (2005) 961–976.

[JJ11] A. Petrovic, Analytical study of flow regimes for direct contact condensationbased on parametrical investigation, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,Transactions of the ASME 127 (1) (2005) 20–25.

[JJ12] C.J. Kobus, An investigation into the effect of subcooled liquid inertia on flow-change-induced transient flow surges in horizontal condensing flow systems,Journal of Heat Transfer 127 (11) (2005) 1280–1284.

[JJ13] A. Briggs, S. Sabaratnam, Condensation from pure steam and steam-airmixtures on integral-fin tubes in a bank, Journal of Heat Transfer 127 (6)(2005) 571–580.

[JJ14] R. Kumar, A. Gupta, S. Vishvakarma, Condensation of R-134a vapour oversingle horizontal integral-fin tubes: effect of fin height, International Journalof Refrigeration 28 (3) (2005) 428–435.

[JJ15] S. Namasivayam, A. Briggs, Condensation of ethylene glycol on integral-fintubes: effect of fin geometry and vapor velocity, Journal of Heat Transfer 127(11) (2005) 1197–1206.

[JJ16] Q. Chen, R.S. Amano, M.D. Xin, Experimental study of R134A condensationheat transfer inside the horizontal micro-fin tubes, Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung 41 (9) (2005) 785–791.

[JJ17] D. Han, K.J. Lee, Experimental study on condensation heat transferenhancement and pressure drop penalty factors in four microfin tubes,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (18) (2005) 3804–3816.

[JJ18] H. Honda, A.T. Wijayanta, N. Takata, Condensation of R407C in a horizontalmicrofin tube, International Journal of Refrigeration 28 (2) (2005) 203–211.

[JJ19] M.H. Kim, J.S. Shin, Condensation heat transfer of R22 and R410A inhorizontal smooth and microfin tubes, International Journal ofRefrigeration 28 (6) (2005) 949–957.

[JJ20] L. Liebenberg, J.R. Thome, J.P. Meyer, Flow visualization and flow patternidentification with power spectral density distributions of pressure tracesduring refrigerant condensation in smooth and microfin tubes, Journal ofHeat Transfer 127 (3) (2005) 209–220.

[JJ21] A. Cavallini et al., Condensation heat transfer and pressure gradient insidemultiport minichannels, Heat Transfer Engineering 26 (3) (2005) 45–55.

[JJ22] J.S. Shin, M.H. Kim, An experimental study of flow condensation heat transferinside circular and rectangular mini-channels, Heat Transfer Engineering 26(3) (2005) 36–44.

[JJ23] H.Y. Wu, P. Cheng, Condensation flow patterns in silicon microchannels,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (11) (2005) 2186–2197.

[JJ24] H.P. Hu, C.K. Chen, Turbulent film condensation on an isothermal sphere,Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 19 (1) (2005) 81–86.

[JJ25] D.A. Simpson, A.J. White, Viscous and unsteady flow calculations ofcondensing steam in nozzles, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow26 (1) (2005) 71–79.

[JJ26] A.R. Avetissian, G.A. Philippov, L.I. Zaichik, The effect of turbulence onspontaneously condensing wet-steam flow, Nuclear Engineering and Design235 (10-12) (2005) 1215–1223.

[JJ27] S. Yamamoto, Computation of practical flow problems with release of latentheat, Energy 30 (2-4 SPEC. ISS.) (2005) 197–208.

[JJ28] A. Tanrikut, O. Yes�in, Experimental research on in-tube condensation understeady-state and transient conditions, Nuclear Technology 149 (1) (2005)88–100.

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[JJ30] J.A. Clark, R.W. Brandt, Direct, continuous condensation of steam in flowingwater, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 19 (4) (2005) 455–459.

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[JJ37] D. Del Col, A. Cavallini, J.R. Thome, Condensation of zeotropic mixtures inhorizontal tubes: new simplified heat transfer model based on flow regimes,Journal of Heat Transfer 127 (3) (2005) 221–230.

[JJ38] T. Karlsson, L. Vamling, Surprising effects of combined vapour and liquidmass transfer resistances when condensing a mixture outside tube banks,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (2) (2005) 403–412.

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[JJ40] S. Wang, Y. Utaka, An experimental study on the effect of non-condensablegas for solutal marangoni condensation heat transfer, Experimental HeatTransfer 18 (2) (2005) 61–79.

[JJ41] J.R. Thome, Condensation in plain horizontal tubes: recent advances inmodelling of heat transfer to pure fluids and mixtures, Journal of theBrazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 27 (1) (2005) 23–30.

[JM1] Y.B. Lee, S.T. Ro, Analysis of the frost growth on a flat plate by simple modelsof saturation and supersaturation, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science29 (6) (2005) 685–696.

[JM2] M. Leung et al., Theoretical study of heat transfer with moving phase-changeinterface in thawing of frozen food, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 38(3) (2005) 477–482.


[JM3] Z. Tao et al., Numerical simulation of conjugate heat and mass transferprocess within cylindrical porous media with cylindrical dielectric cores inmicrowave freeze-drying, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer48 (3–4) (2005) 561–572.

[JM4] B. Tashtoush, Magnetic and buoyancy effects on melting from a verticalplate embedded in saturated porous media, Energy Conversion andManagement 46 (15-16) (2005) 2566–2577.

[JM5] J.H. Nam, C.S. Song, An efficient calculation of multidimensional freeze-drying problems using fixed grid method, Drying Technology 23 (12) (2005)2491–2511.

[JM6] G.G. Aguirre Varela, N.E. Castellano, E.E. Avila, A possible influence of thedensity of ice accretions on their heat transfer coefficient, Quarterly Journalof the Royal Meteorological Society 131 (605) (2005) 377–379.

[JM7] O. Bellache, M. Ouzzane, N. Galanis, Numerical prediction of ventilationpatterns and thermal processes in ice rinks, Building and Environment 40(3) (2005) 417–426.

[JM8] M. Ben Lakhdar et al., Heat transfer with freezing in a scraped surface heatexchanger, Applied Thermal Engineering 25 (1) (2005) 45–60.

[JM9] C.D. Ho, H.M. Yeh, J.W. Tu, Chilled air production in cool-thermal dischargesystems from ice melting under constant heat flux and melt removal,International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 32 (3–4) (2005)491–500.

[JM10] C.D. Ho et al., Heat transfer enhancement in cool-thermal discharge systemsfrom ice melting with producing chilled air under time-velocity variationsand external recycles, Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering 8 (4)(2005) 291–298.

[JM11] J. Hua, H.H.T. Liu, Fluid flow and thermodynamic analysis of a winganti-icing system, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal 51 (1) (2005)35–40.

[JM12] V.S. Kolunin, Heat and mass transfer in porous media with ice inclusionsnear the freezing-point, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48(6) (2005) 1175–1185.

[JM13] P.J. Mago, S.A. Sherif, Frost formation and heat transfer on a cold surface inice fog, International Journal of Refrigeration 28 (4) (2005) 538–546.

[JM14] V. Tudor et al., Advances in control of frost on evaporator coils with anapplied electric field, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48(21–22) (2005) 4428–4434.

[JM15] S. Roy, H. Kumar, R. Anderson, Efficient defrosting of an inclined flat surface,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (13) (2005) 2613–2624.

[JM16] W. Wang, G. Chen, Heat and mass transfer model of dielectric-material-assisted microwave freeze-drying of skim milk with hygroscopic effect,Chemical Engineering Science 60 (23) (2005) 6542–6550.

[JM17] S.E. Zorrilla, A.C. Rubiolo, Mathematical modeling for immersion chillingand freezing of foods. Part I: model development, Journal of FoodEngineering 66 (3) (2005) 329–338.

[JM18] S.E. Zorrilla, A.C. Rubiolo, Mathematical modeling for immersion chillingand freezing of foods. Part II: model solution, Journal of Food Engineering 66(3) (2005) 339–351.

[JM19] E. Stamatiou, M. Kawaji, Thermal and flow behavior of ice slurries in avertical rectangular channel-Part II. Forced convective melting heattransfer, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (17) (2005)3544–3559.

[JM20] E. Stamatiou, J.W. Meewisse, M. Kawaji, Ice slurry generation involvingmoving parts, International Journal of Refrigeration 28 (1) (2005) 60–72.

[JM21] M. Sugawara, T. Ishikura, H. Beer, Effect of cavity inclination on atemperature and concentration controlled double diffusive convection atice plate melting, Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung41 (5) (2005) 432–441.

[JM22] P. Pronk et al., Maximum temperature difference without ice-scaling inscraped surface crystallizers during eutectic freeze crystallization, in VDIBerichte, 2005, 1141-1146..

[JM23] R.P. Mitzeva, C.P.R. Saunders, B. Tsenova, A modelling study of the effect ofcloud saturation and particle growth rates on charge transfer inthunderstorm electrification, Atmospheric Research 76 (1–4) (2005) 206–221.

[JM24] J.P. Hindmarsh, D.I. Wilson, M.L. Johns, Using magnetic resonance tovalidate predictions of the solid fraction formed during recalescence offreezing drops, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (5)(2005) 1017–1021.

[JM25] T. Lucas et al., MRI quantification of ice gradients in dough during freezingor thawing processes, Journal of Food Engineering 71 (1) (2005) 98–108.

[JM26] L.P. Kholpanov, S.E. Zakiev, A.D. Pomogailo, Heat transfer complicated byphase transitions in a moving layer, Theoretical Foundations of ChemicalEngineering 39 (3) (2005) 225–231.

[JM27] S. Kunstreich, P.H. Dauby, State-of-the-art and new developments inelectromagnetic treatment of steel melts, Stahl und Eisen 125 (4) (2005)25–33.

[JM28] Y.E. Lee, L. Kolbeinsen, Kinetics of oxygen refining process forferromanganese alloys, ISIJ International 45 (9) (2005) 1282–1290.

[JM29] S.M. Miao, X.P. Zhu, M.K. Lei, Numerical analysis of ablated behaviors ontitanium irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam, Nuclear Instrumentsand Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions withMaterials and Atoms 229 (3–4) (2005) 381–391.

[JM30] A. Mukherjee, J.G. Stevens, Heat transport in Stokes’ problem with melting:a two-layer approach, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48(8) (2005) 1554–1562.

[JM31] M. Raessi, J. Mostaghimi, Three-dimensional modeling of density variationdue to phase change in complex free surface flows, Numerical HeatTransfer, Part B: Fundamentals 47 (6) (2005) 507–531.

[JM32] K.I. Saitoh et al., Molecular dynamics study of nano-size silica melting byhigh heat flux, Computational Materials Science 32 (1) (2005) 66–84.

[JM33] A. Cantarel et al., Metal matrix composite processing: numerical study ofheat transfer between fibers and metal, International Journal of NumericalMethods for Heat and Fluid Flow 15 (8) (2005) 808–826.

[JM34] C. Konrad, Y. Zhang, B. Xiao, Analysis of melting and resolidification in atwo-component metal powder bed subjected to temporal Gaussian heatflux, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (19-20) (2005)3932–3944.

[JM35] S. Kumar, Heat transfer analysis and estimation of refractory wear in an ironblast furnace hearth using finite element method, ISIJ International 45 (8)(2005) 1122–1128.

[JM36] N.K. Nath, K. Mitra, Mathematical modeling and optimization of two-layersintering process for sinter quality and fuel efficiency using geneticalgorithm, Materials and Manufacturing Processes 20 (3) (2005) 335–349.

[JM37] X. He, J.W. Elmer, T. Debroy, Heat transfer and fluid flow in lasermicrowelding, Journal of Applied Physics 97 (8) (2005) 1–9.

[JM38] K. Kahveci, Y. Can, A. Cihan, Heat transfer in continuous-drive frictionwelding of different diameters, Numerical Heat Transfer; Part A:Applications 48 (10) (2005) 1035–1050.

[JM39] S. Mishra, T. Debroy, A heat-transfer and fluid-flow-based model to obtain aspecific weld geometry using various combinations of welding variables,Journal of Applied Physics 98 (4) (2005) 1–10.

[JM40] O. Mesalhy et al., Numerical study for enhancing the thermal conductivityof phase change material (PCM) storage using high thermal conductivityporous matrix, Energy Conversion and Management 46 (6) (2005) 847–867.

[JM41] R. Akhilesh, A. Narasimhan, C. Balaji, Method to improve geometry for heattransfer enhancement in PCM composite heat sinks, International Journal ofHeat and Mass Transfer 48 (13) (2005) 2759–2770.

[JM42] E.M. Alawadhi, Thermal insulation for a pipe using phase change material,Heat Transfer Engineering 26 (8) (2005) 32–40.

[JM43] E.M. Alawadhi, Temperature regulator unit for fluid flow in a channel usingphase change material, Applied Thermal Engineering 25 (2-3) (2005) 435–449.

[JM44] R. Hendra et al., Thermal and melting heat transfer characteristics in a latentheat storage system using mikro, Applied Thermal Engineering 25 (10)(2005) 1503–1515.

[JM45] N.V. Bhat, A.K. Mehrotra, Modeling of deposit formation from ‘‘Waxy”mixtures via moving boundary formulation: radial heat transfer understatic and laminar flow conditions, Industrial and Engineering ChemistryResearch 44 (17) (2005) 6948–6962.

[JM46] J.F. Lin, C.J. Ho, Thermally developing forced convection for PCMsuspensions in a circular duct, Journal of the Chinese Society ofMechanical Engineers, Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,Series C/Chung-Kuo Chi Hsueh Kung Ch’eng Hsuebo Pao 26 (1–2) (2005)45–53.

[JM47] S. Krishnan, S.V. Garimella, S.S. Kang, A novel hybrid heat sink using phasechange materials for transient thermal management of electronics, IEEETransactions on Components and Packaging Technologies 28 (2) (2005)281–289.

[JM48] R.B. Duffey, I.L. Pioro, Experimental heat transfer of supercritical carbondioxide flowing inside channels (survey), Nuclear Engineering and Design235 (8) (2005) 913–924.

[JM49] V. Shatikian, G. Ziskind, R. Letan, Numerical investigation of a PCM-basedheat sink with internal fins, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer48 (17) (2005) 3689–3706.

[JM50] H. Ettouney, H. El-Dessouky, A. Al-Ali, Heat transfer during phase change ofparaffin wax stored in spherical shells, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,Transactions of the ASME 127 (3) (2005) 357–365.

[JM51] K. Kaygusuz, A. Sari, Thermal energy storage system using a technical gradeparaffin wax as latent heat energy storage material, Energy Sources 27 (16)(2005) 1535–1546.

[JM52] A. Trp, An experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer duringtechnical grade paraffin melting and solidification in a shell-and-tube latentthermal energy storage unit, Solar Energy 79 (6) (2005) 648–660.

[JM53] P. Parthasarathi, A.K. Mehrotra, Solids deposition from multicomponentwax-solvent mixtures in a benchscale flow-loop apparatus with heattransfer, Energy and Fuels 19 (4) (2005) 1387–1398.

[JM54] E. Halawa, F. Bruno, W. Saman, Numerical analysis of a PCM thermal storagesystem with varying wall temperature, Energy Conversion andManagement 46 (15-16) (2005) 2592–2604.

[JM55] A. Hernandez-Guerrero et al., Effect of cell geometry on the freezing andmelting processes inside a thermal energy storage cell, Journal of EnergyResources Technology, Transactions of the ASME 127 (2) (2005) 95–102.

[JM56] S. Krishnan, J.Y. Murthy, S.V. Garimella, A two-temperature model for solid-liquid phase change in metal foams, Journal of Heat Transfer 127 (9) (2005)995–1004.

[JM57] M.M. Mohamed, Solidification of phase change material on verticalcylindrical surface in holdup air bubbles, International Journal ofRefrigeration 28 (3) (2005) 403–411.

[JM58] L. Royon et al., Comparison between aqueous polymer solutions and wateras phase change material (PCM) used for cold transport chain, ExperimentalHeat Transfer 18 (2) (2005) 87–93.


[JM59] A. Sharma et al., Numerical heat transfer studies of the fatty acids fordifferent heat exchanger materials on the performance of a latent heatstorage system, Renewable Energy 30 (14) (2005) 2179–2187.

[JM60] Y. Shiina, T. Inagaki, Study on the efficiency of effective thermalconductivities on melting characteristics of latent heat storage capsules,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (2) (2005) 373–383.

[JM61] M. Fteiti, S.B. Nasrallah, Numerical study of interaction between the fluidstructure and the moving interface during the melting from below in arectangular closed enclosure, Computational Mechanics 35 (3) (2005) 161–169.

[JM62] C.J. Ho, S.Y. Chiu, J.F. Lin, Heat transfer characteristics of a rectangularnatural circulation loop containing solid-liquid phase-change materialsuspensions, International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat andFluid Flow 15 (5) (2005) 441–461.

[JM63] M.A. Hossain, M.Z. Hafiz, D.A.S. Rees, Buoyancy and thermocapillary drivenconvection flow of an electrically conducting fluid in an enclosure with heatgeneration, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 44 (7) (2005) 676–684.

[JM64] M. Kamal, Y. Sahai, Modeling of melt flow and surface standing waves in acontinuous casting mold, Steel Research International 76 (1) (2005) 44–52.

[JM65] K.G. Kang, H.S. Ryou, N.K. Hur, Coupled turbulent flow, heat, and solutetransport in continuous casting processes with an electromagnetic brake,Numerical Heat Transfer; Part A: Applications 48 (5) (2005) 461–481.

[JM66] H. Wang et al., Mathematical heat transfer model research for theimprovement of continuous casting slab temperature, ISIJ International 45(9) (2005) 1291–1296.

[JM67] K. Zhao, M. Shen, X. Wang, Simulation of inside-grooved mould improvingheat transfer of original shell of casting slab, Journal of University of Scienceand Technology Beijing: Mineral Metallurgy Materials (Eng Ed) 12 (1)(2005) 23–25.

[JM68] Z. Gao, Mechanism and simulation of external cooling in aluminum casting-rolling process, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (EnglishEdition) 15 (5) (2005) 1113–1119.

[JM69] H.S. Kim et al., Solidification parameters dependent on interfacial heattransfer coefficient between aluminum casting and copper mold, ISIJInternational 45 (2) (2005) 192–198.

[JM70] C.A. Santos et al., Application of a solidification mathematical model and agenetic algorithm in the optimization of strand thermal profile along thecontinuous casting of steel, Materials and Manufacturing Processes 20 (3)(2005) 421–434.

[JM71] C.A. Santos et al., A solidification heat transfer model and a neural networkbased algorithm applied to the continuous casting of steel billets andblooms, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 13(7) (2005) 1071–1087.

[JM72] B. Zhao et al., Transient flow and temperature transport in continuouscasting of steel slabs, Journal of Heat Transfer 127 (8) (2005) 807.

[JM73] J. Sengupta, B.G. Thomas, M.A. Wells, The use of water cooling during thecontinuous casting of steel and aluminum alloys, Metallurgical andMaterials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science 36 A(1) (2005) 187–204.

[JM74] J. Sengupta et al., Quantification of temperature, stress, and strain fieldsduring the start-up phase of direct chill casting process by using a 3D fullycoupled thermal and stress model for AA5182 ingots, Materials Science andEngineering A 397 (1–2) (2005) 157–177.

[JM75] F.J. Hong, H.H. Qiu, Modeling of substrate remelting, flow, andresolidification in microcasting, Numerical Heat Transfer; Part A:Applications 48 (10) (2005) 987–1008.

[JM76] G. Lamberti, G. Titomanlio, Analysis of film casting process: the heattransfer phenomena, Chemical Engineering and Processing: ProcessIntensification 44 (10) (2005) 1117–1122.

[JM77] M.P. Phaniraj, B.B. Behera, A.K. Lahiri, Thermo-mechanical modeling of twophase rolling and microstructure evolution in the hot strip mill: part I.Prediction of rolling loads and finish rolling temperature, Journal ofMaterials Processing Technology 170 (1–2) (2005) 323–335.

[JM78] M. Raudensky, J. Horsky, Secondary cooling in continuous casting andLeidenfrost temperature effects, Ironmaking and Steelmaking 32 (2) (2005)159–164.

[JM79] D. Xu et al., Heat, mass and momentum transport behaviors in directionallysolidifying blade-like castings in different electromagnetic fields describedusing a continuum model, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer48 (11) (2005) 2219–2232.

[JM80] C. Yen, J.C. Lin, W. Li, The selection of optimal cooling parameters for themulti-cavity die, International Journal of Advanced ManufacturingTechnology 26 (3) (2005) 228–235.

[JM81] L. Zhang, Fluid flow, heat transfer and inclusion motion in a four-strandbillet continuous casting tundish, Steel Research International 76 (11)(2005) 784–796.

[JM82] D.E. Dimla, M. Camilotto, F. Miani, Design and optimisation of conformalcooling channels in injection moulding tools, Journal of MaterialsProcessing Technology 164–165 (2005) 1294–1300.

[JM83] C. Nylund, K. Meinander, The influence of heat transfer coefficient oncooling time in injection molding, Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- undStoffuebertragung 41 (5) (2005) 428–431.

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[U1] V. Nemchinsky, Dissociation reactive thermal conductivity in a two-temperature plasma, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 38 (20) (2005)3825–3831.

[U2] K. Cheng et al., Effects of shroud gas on laminar argon plasma jets impingingon a substrate in ambient air, Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal ofEngineering Thermophysics 26 (6) (2005) 1019–1021.

[U3] V.N. Kharchenko, V.N. Zverev, Heat and mass transfer in the model of avortex plasmachemical reactor, Heat Transfer Research 36 (8) (2005) 697–702.

[U4] W. Wang et al., Numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in aplasma spray gun, International Journal of Advanced ManufacturingTechnology 26 (5-6) (2005) 537–543.

[U5] W.M. Wang et al., Numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in aplasma sprayer, Jisuan Wuli/Chinese Journal of Computational Physics 22 (1)(2005) 83–87.

[U6] D.Y. Xu, X. Chen, W. Pan, Effects of natural convection on thecharacteristics of a long laminar argon plasma jet issuing horizontally intoambient air, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (15) (2005)3253–3255.

[U7] W.J. Xu et al., A numerical simulation of temperature field in plasma-arcforming of sheet metal, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 164-165(2005) 1644–1649.

[U8] J.J. Gonzalez et al., Numerical modelling of an electric arc and its interactionwith the anode: part II. The three-dimensional model-influence of externalforces on the arc column, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 38 (2) (2005)306–318.

[U9] F.B. Yeh, P.S. Wei, Effects of plasma parameters on the temperature field in aworkpiece experiencing solid-liquid phase transition, Journal of HeatTransfer 127 (9) (2005) 987–994.

[U10] H. Kersten et al., Measurement of energy fluxes in plasma surface treatments,Die bestimmung von energieflüssen bei plasmaoberflächenprozessen 96 (12)(2005).

[U11] S. Nunomura et al., Heat transfer in a two-dimensional crystalline complex(dusty) plasma, Physical Review Letters 95 (2) (2005) 1–4.

[U12] Y.S. Borisov, A.S. Zatserkovny, I.V. Krivtsun, Convective-conductive andradiation heat exchange of plasma flow with particles of dispersedmaterials in plasma spraying, Avtomaticheskaya Svarka (6) (2005) 7–11.

[U13] Y.S. Borisov, A.S. Zatserkovny, I.V. Krivtsun, Peculiarities of heat exchangebetween ionized gas and evaporating particle in plasma spraying,Avtomaticheskaya Svarka (7) (2005) 20–27.

[U14] I.O. Golosnoy, S.A. Tsipas, T.W. Clyne, An analytical model for simulation ofheat flow in plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings, Journal of ThermalSpray Technology 14 (2) (2005) 205–214.

[U15] H.B. Xiong et al., Melting and oxidation behavior of in-flight particles inplasma spray process, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48(25-26) (2005) 5121–5133.

[U16] A. Kumar, T. DebRoy, Improving reliability of modelling heat and fluid flow incomplex gas metal arc fillet welds - part II: application to welding of steel,Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 38 (1) (2005) 127–134.

[U17] A. Kumar, W. Zhang, T. DebRoy, Improving reliability of modelling heat andfluid flow in complex gas metal arc fillet welds - part I: anengineering physics model, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 38 (1)(2005) 119–126.

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[U20] M. Das et al., Transient radiative heat transfer from a plasma produced by acapillary discharge, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 19 (4)(2005) 572–580.

[U21] B. Revaz, G. Witz, R. Flükiger, Properties of the plasma channel in liquiddischarges inferred from cathode local temperature measurements, Journalof Applied Physics 98 (11) (2005) 1–6.

[U22] K.K. Tazmeev, A.K. Tazmeev, Some specific features of heat and mass transferof gas-discharge plasma with a liquid electrolytic cathode, Heat TransferResearch 36 (8) (2005) 623–629.

[U23] S. Abel, K.V. Prasad, A. Mahaboob, Buoyancy force and thermal radiationeffects in MHD boundary layer visco-elastic fluid flow over continuouslymoving stretching surface, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 44 (5)(2005) 465–476.

[U24] A. Ali, A. Mehmood, M.R. Mohyuddin, Lie group analysis of viscoelastic MHDaligned flow and heat transfer, Acta Mechanica Sinica/Lixue Xuebao 21 (4)(2005) 342–345.

[U25] P.G. Siddheshwar, U.S. Mahabaleswar, Effects of radiation and heat source onMHD flow of a viscoelastic liquid and heat transfer over a stretching sheet,International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 40 (6) (2005) 807–820.

[U26] E.M. Abo-Eldahab, A.M. Salem, MHD free-convection flow of a non-Newtonian power-law fluid at a stretching surface with a uniform free-stream, Applied Mathematics and Computation 169 (2) (2005) 806–818.

[U27] E.M. Abo-Eldahab, A.M. Salem, MHD Flow and heat transfer of non-Newtonian power-law fluid with diffusion and chemical reaction on amoving cylinder, Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung41 (8) (2005) 703–708.

[U28] H.A. Attia, MHD couette flow with variable physical properties, Modelling,Measurement and Control B 74 (2) (2005) 25–34.

[U29] H.A. Attia, MHD couette flow with temperature dependent viscosity and theion slip, Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering 8 (1) (2005) 11–16.

[U30] B. Kalita, A.K. Borkakati, Exact solution for the unsteady plane MHD couetteflow and heat transfer with temperature dependent heat source/ sink,International Journal of Heat and Technology 23 (1) (2005) 147–153.

[U31] F.C. Li, T. Kunugi, A. Serizawa, MHD effect on flow structures and heattransfer characteristics of liquid metal-gas annular flow in a vertical pipe,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (12) (2005) 2571–2581.

[U32] K.A. Maleque, M.A. Sattar, The effects of variable properties and hall currenton steady MHD laminar convective fluid flow due to a porous rotating disk,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (23-24) (2005) 4963–4972.

[U33] E.N. Vasil’ev, D.A. Nesterov, The effect of radiative-convective heat transferon the formation of current layer, High Temperature 43 (3) (2005) 396–403.

[U34] M. Xenos, S. Dimas, N. Kafoussias, MHD compressible turbulent boundary-layer flow with adverse pressure gradient, Acta Mechanica 177 (1-4) (2005)171–190.

[U35] K. Zniber, A. Oubarra, J. Lahjomri, Analytical solution to the problem of heattransfer in an MHD flow inside a channel with prescribed sinusoidal wallheat flux, Energy Conversion and Management 46 (7-8) (2005) 1147–1163.

[U36] E.M. Abo-Eldahab, G.E.D.A. Azzam, Thermal radiation effects on MHD flowpast a semi-infinite inclined plate in the presence of mass diffusion, Heat andMass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung 41 (12) (2005) 1056–1065.

[U37] T.K. Aldoss, M.A. Al-Nimr, A.F. Khadrawi, Effect of the local acceleration termon the MHD transient free convection flow over a vertical plate, InternationalJournal of Numerical Methods for Heat and Fluid Flow 15 (3) (2005) 296–305.

[U38] A. Al-Mudhaf, A.J. Chamkha, Similarity solutions for MHD thermosolutalMarangoni convection over a flat surface in the presence of heat generationor absorption effects, Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- undStoffuebertragung 42 (2) (2005) 112–121.

[U39] N.T. Eldabe et al., Chebyshev finite difference method for MHD flow of amicropolar fluid past a stretching sheet with heat transfer, AppliedMathematics and Computation 160 (2) (2005) 437–450.

[U40] A.F. Khadrawi, M.O. Odat, Transient MHD free convection flow over apermeable vertical moving plate embedded in porous medium with uniformsuction, International Journal of Heat and Technology 23 (1) (2005) 81–87.

[U41] S. Mukhopadhyay, G.C. Layek, S.A. Samad, Study of MHD boundary layer flowover a heated stretching sheet with variable viscosity, International Journalof Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (21-22) (2005) 4460–4466.

[U42] M.E.M. Ouaf, Exact solution of thermal radiation on MHD flow over astretching porous sheet, Applied Mathematics and Computation 170 (2)(2005) 1117–1125.

[U43] H.M. Duwairi, Viscous and Joule heating effects on forced convection flowfrom radiate isothermal porous surfaces, International Journal of NumericalMethods for Heat and Fluid Flow 15 (5) (2005) 429–440.

heat transfer––a review of 2005 literature

Documents

heat transfer literature

heat transfer effects

heat transfer division

plasma heat transfer

science of heat transfer

major heat

heat pipes

combined heat