heating, ventilating, refrigeration and air conditioning

Heating, Ventilating, Heating, Ventilating, Refrigeration and Air Refrigeration and Air

ConditioningConditioning

Chapter 8Chapter 8

Presented by: CUNANAN, MARION JAY T.

DefinitionsDefinitions

RefrigerationRefrigeration – is the achievement of a temperature below – is the achievement of a temperature below that of the immediate surroundingthat of the immediate surrounding

Refrigeration System Refrigeration System – an assembly of 4 major component, – an assembly of 4 major component, namely Compressor, Condenser, Expansion valve, Evaporatornamely Compressor, Condenser, Expansion valve, EvaporatorAir Conditioning Air Conditioning – the process of treating air so as to control – the process of treating air so as to control

simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness. And simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness. And distribution to meet the requirements of the conditioned space.distribution to meet the requirements of the conditioned space.

VentilationVentilation – the process of supplying or removing air by – the process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any space. Such air natural or mechanical means to or from any space. Such air

may or may not have been conditioned.may or may not have been conditioned.Humidity Humidity – Unless otherwise stated will mean the relative – Unless otherwise stated will mean the relative

humidity in per cent. This is the ratio of the actual (measured) humidity in per cent. This is the ratio of the actual (measured) partial pressure of the water vapor in the air mixture to its partial pressure of the water vapor in the air mixture to its

saturation pressure at the same dry bulb temperature.saturation pressure at the same dry bulb temperature.

DefinitionsDefinitionsEffective Temperature – Effective Temperature – an empirically determined index, an empirically determined index,

which combines into a single value the effect of temperature, which combines into a single value the effect of temperature, humidity and air movement on the sensation of warmth or humidity and air movement on the sensation of warmth or

cooled felt by the human body.cooled felt by the human body.Tons of refrigerationTons of refrigeration – the useful refrigerating effect equal – the useful refrigerating effect equal

to to 12 660 KJ/HR 12 660 KJ/HR

Note: TOR = 288,000 Btu/ 24 hrs = 12,000 Btu/hrNote: TOR = 288,000 Btu/ 24 hrs = 12,000 Btu/hr=12,000 x 1.055 =12,000 x 1.055 = 12,660 KJ/hr= 12,660 KJ/hr

Brazed Joint Brazed Joint – is a gas-tight joint, obtained by the joining of – is a gas-tight joint, obtained by the joining of metal parts with alloy which melt at temperature higher than metal parts with alloy which melt at temperature higher than

538 538 ◦C◦C , but less than the melting point of the joint parts , but less than the melting point of the joint partsBrine –Brine – any liquid cooled by the refrigerant to used for any liquid cooled by the refrigerant to used for

transmissions of heat without a change in its statetransmissions of heat without a change in its stateCompressor Compressor – a mechanical device used in refrigerating – a mechanical device used in refrigerating

system for the purpose of increasing the pressure upon the system for the purpose of increasing the pressure upon the refriegerantrefriegerant


Condenser Condenser – a vessel or arrangement of – a vessel or arrangement of pipe or tubing in which vaporized refrigerant pipe or tubing in which vaporized refrigerant is liquefied by the removal of heatis liquefied by the removal of heatCondensing Unit Condensing Unit – a specific refrigerating – a specific refrigerating machine combination for the given machine combination for the given refrigerant , consisting of one or more power refrigerant , consisting of one or more power driven compressors, condenser, liquid driven compressors, condenser, liquid receiver and regular-furnished accessoriesreceiver and regular-furnished accessoriesContainer Container – a cylinder for transportation of – a cylinder for transportation of refrigerants.refrigerants.Design working pressure Design working pressure – the maximum – the maximum allowable working pressure for which a vessel allowable working pressure for which a vessel is designed.is designed.DuctDuct - - a passage way made of sheet of a passage way made of sheet of metal or other suitable material not metal or other suitable material not necessarily leak tight, used for conveying air necessarily leak tight, used for conveying air or other gases at low pressures.or other gases at low pressures.


Evaporator Evaporator – that part of the system in which liquid refrigerant is – that part of the system in which liquid refrigerant is vaporized to produce refrigerationvaporized to produce refrigerationExpansion coil - Expansion coil - an evaporator constructed of pipe or tubingan evaporator constructed of pipe or tubingFusible Plug Fusible Plug – a device with a predetermine temperature fusible – a device with a predetermine temperature fusible member for the relief pressure.member for the relief pressure.Generator Generator – a device equipped with heating element used in – a device equipped with heating element used in Refrigerating system to increase the pressure of the refrigerant in Refrigerating system to increase the pressure of the refrigerant in its gas or vapor state for the purpose of liquefying the refrigerant.its gas or vapor state for the purpose of liquefying the refrigerant.Liquid Receiver – Liquid Receiver – a vessel permanently connected to a system a vessel permanently connected to a system by inlet and outlet pipe for storage of the liquid refrigerant.by inlet and outlet pipe for storage of the liquid refrigerant.Machinery RoomMachinery Room – equipment including any of all the following – equipment including any of all the following compressor, condenser, generator absorber, receiver, connecting compressor, condenser, generator absorber, receiver, connecting pipe ,evaporator, air handling unit, dehumidifier, humidifier, heat pipe ,evaporator, air handling unit, dehumidifier, humidifier, heat exchanger, complete system unit.exchanger, complete system unit.


Machinery Room, Class 1 Machinery Room, Class 1 – a room having machinery other – a room having machinery other than flame producing apparatus permanently installed and than flame producing apparatus permanently installed and

operated and also having:operated and also having:

a)a) Door which are tight-fitting, fire resisting and self-closingDoor which are tight-fitting, fire resisting and self-closing

b)b) Walls which are vapor tight and approve fire resistive constructionWalls which are vapor tight and approve fire resistive construction

c)c) An exit door which directly to the outside air or through vestibule-An exit door which directly to the outside air or through vestibule-type exit equipped with self-closing, tight-fitting door.type exit equipped with self-closing, tight-fitting door.

d)d) Exterior openings which, if present are not under any fire escape Exterior openings which, if present are not under any fire escape or any stairway.or any stairway.

e)e) All pipes piercing the interior walls or floor of such room, tightly All pipes piercing the interior walls or floor of such room, tightly sealed to the wall s of floor through they which they passsealed to the wall s of floor through they which they pass

f)f) Emergency remote controls located immediately outside to stop Emergency remote controls located immediately outside to stop the action of the refrigeration compressorthe action of the refrigeration compressor


g) mechanical means ventilation.g) mechanical means ventilation.h) Emergency remote control for the mechanical means ventilations h) Emergency remote control for the mechanical means ventilations

located outside.located outside.

Mechanical Joint – a mechanical joint is a gas-tight joint, obtained by Mechanical Joint – a mechanical joint is a gas-tight joint, obtained by joining of metal parts through positive holding mechanical joining of metal parts through positive holding mechanical constructionconstructionPiping – pipe or tube main for interconnecting the various par of a Piping – pipe or tube main for interconnecting the various par of a refrigeration system.refrigeration system.Pressure Limit Devices Pressure Limit Devices – – a pressure responsive mechanism designed a pressure responsive mechanism designed to automatically stop the operation of the compressor in a to automatically stop the operation of the compressor in a predetermine pressure.predetermine pressure.Pressure Relief DevicesPressure Relief Devices – – a valve head closed by a spring of other a valve head closed by a spring of other means and designed to automatically relieve pressure in excess of its means and designed to automatically relieve pressure in excess of its setting.setting.


Pressure Vessel Pressure Vessel - any refrigerant containing receptacles of a - any refrigerant containing receptacles of a refrigerant system, other than the evaporator .refrigerant system, other than the evaporator .RefrigerantRefrigerant – a substance which produce a refrigerating effect by – a substance which produce a refrigerating effect by its absorption of heat while evaporating.its absorption of heat while evaporating.

Refrigerating systemRefrigerating systema)a) Absorption - Absorption - a refrigerating system in which the a refrigerating system in which the

refrigerant gas evolved in the evaporator is taken up in an absorber refrigerant gas evolved in the evaporator is taken up in an absorber and released in a generator upon application of heat.and released in a generator upon application of heat.

b) brineb) brine – an indirect refrigerating system employing brine – an indirect refrigerating system employing brine as the circulating liquid.as the circulating liquid.

c) cascadec) cascade – one having two or more refrigerant circuit, – one having two or more refrigerant circuit, each with a imposing element, condenser and evaporator, where each with a imposing element, condenser and evaporator, where the evaporator of one circuit cools the condenser of another.the evaporator of one circuit cools the condenser of another.


Refrigerating systemRefrigerating system

d) Central point d) Central point – a system with two or more low side connected – a system with two or more low side connected to a single central high side ; multiple system.to a single central high side ; multiple system.

e) Brine Spray e) Brine Spray – a refrigerating scheme for cooling by a mist or – a refrigerating scheme for cooling by a mist or spray of brine.spray of brine.

f) Chilled water f) Chilled water – an indirect refrigerating system emploting water – an indirect refrigerating system emploting water as circulating liquid as circulating liquid

g) Compression – g) Compression – a refrigerating system in which the pressure a refrigerating system in which the pressure imposing element is mechanically operated.imposing element is mechanically operated.

h) Direct expansion h) Direct expansion - a refrigerating system in which the - a refrigerating system in which the evaporator is in direct contact with the refrigerating material or evaporator is in direct contact with the refrigerating material or space or is located in air circulating passage communicating with space or is located in air circulating passage communicating with such space.such space.


Refrigerating systemRefrigerating system

i)i) FloodedFlooded - a refrigerating system in which only part of the - a refrigerating system in which only part of the refrigeration system passing over the heat transfer surface is refrigeration system passing over the heat transfer surface is evaporated, and the portion not evaporated is separated from evaporated, and the portion not evaporated is separated from the vapor and recirculated.the vapor and recirculated.

j) Indirect j) Indirect - a refrigerating system in which a liquid such as brine - a refrigerating system in which a liquid such as brine or water cooled by the refrigerant, is circulated to the material or or water cooled by the refrigerant, is circulated to the material or space refrigerated or is used to cool air so circulatedspace refrigerated or is used to cool air so circulated

k) Mechanicalk) Mechanical - a refrigerating system in which employing a - a refrigerating system in which employing a mechanical compression device to remove the low pressure mechanical compression device to remove the low pressure refrigerant enclose in the low pressure side and deliver it to high refrigerant enclose in the low pressure side and deliver it to high pressure side of the system.pressure side of the system.

DefinitionsDefinitionsRefrigerating System:Refrigerating System:

l) Multiplel) Multiple – a refrigerating system in which using direct method – a refrigerating system in which using direct method in which refrigerant is delivered to two or more evaporator is in which refrigerant is delivered to two or more evaporator is separate room or refrigerator.separate room or refrigerator.

m) Single-packagem) Single-package – a complete factory made and factory- – a complete factory made and factory-tested refrigerating system in a suitable frame or enclosure tested refrigerating system in a suitable frame or enclosure which fabricated and shipped in one or more section and in which fabricated and shipped in one or more section and in which no refrigerant-containing part are connected in the field.which no refrigerant-containing part are connected in the field.

n) steam-jet vacuumn) steam-jet vacuum – a water vacuum refrigerating system in – a water vacuum refrigerating system in which nozzle and acting to eject water vapor from the which nozzle and acting to eject water vapor from the evaporator, and maintain a requisite low pressure in the evaporator, and maintain a requisite low pressure in the evaporator, and produced the requisite pressure on the high-evaporator, and produced the requisite pressure on the high-side by virtue of compression in a following diffusion passage.side by virtue of compression in a following diffusion passage.

o) vaporo) vapor – a refrigerating system employing a condensable – a refrigerating system employing a condensable vapor as refrigerant.vapor as refrigerant.

DefinitionsDefinitionsHeatingHeating – with reference to this chapter, implies the utilization of – with reference to this chapter, implies the utilization of refrigeration system , but of the purpose in rejecting heat at high refrigeration system , but of the purpose in rejecting heat at high temperature; is also known as Heat Pumptemperature; is also known as Heat PumpHeat PumpHeat Pump – uses the same equipment as a refrigeration system – uses the same equipment as a refrigeration system but it operate for the purpose of delivering heat at a high level of but it operate for the purpose of delivering heat at a high level of temperature.temperature.Rupture MemberRupture Member – a device that will automatically rupture at a – a device that will automatically rupture at a predetermine pressure.predetermine pressure.Soldered JointSoldered Joint – is a gas-tight joint, obtained by the joining of metal – is a gas-tight joint, obtained by the joining of metal part with metallic mixture or alloy which melt at temperature below part with metallic mixture or alloy which melt at temperature below 538°C and above 176.7°C538°C and above 176.7°CStop valveStop valve – a shut-off valve other than a valve for controlling the – a shut-off valve other than a valve for controlling the flow of refrigerant.flow of refrigerant.TenantTenant - as a heroin used a tenant shall be constructed as a - as a heroin used a tenant shall be constructed as a person, firm or corporation possessed with the legal rights to occupy person, firm or corporation possessed with the legal rights to occupy premises .premises .

Ventilation Standard in Air Ventilation Standard in Air Conditioning Conditioning

Temperature and humidity of air to be used for the Temperature and humidity of air to be used for the comfort cooling shall be maintained at 20°C – 23°C comfort cooling shall be maintained at 20°C – 23°C effective temperature at an air movement from effective temperature at an air movement from 4,570 to 7,620 mm/min4,570 to 7,620 mm/min

The air quality must be free from toxin, unhealthful, The air quality must be free from toxin, unhealthful, or disagreable gases. Fume and shall be relatively or disagreable gases. Fume and shall be relatively free from odor and dust.free from odor and dust.

The air in all rooms and enclosed space shall be The air in all rooms and enclosed space shall be distributed with reasonable uniformitydistributed with reasonable uniformity

The carbon dioxide concentration when measured The carbon dioxide concentration when measured 91.0 mm above the floor shall not exceed to 100 91.0 mm above the floor shall not exceed to 100 ppm.ppm.

The quality of air used be ventilate the space during The quality of air used be ventilate the space during occupancy shall be always to maintain, (temp., occupancy shall be always to maintain, (temp., quality, motion and distributon)quality, motion and distributon)

Table 8.2Table 8.2 DESIRABLE INDOOR CONDITION FOR DIFFERENT OUTDOOR DESIRABLE INDOOR CONDITION FOR DIFFERENT OUTDOOR

TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE

Outdoor temperatureOutdoor temperature Indoor temperatureIndoor temperature

Dry BulbDry Bulb EffectiveEffective Dry BulbDry Bulb

37.8°C37.8°C 23.9°C23.9°C 27.8°C27.8°C

35.035.0 23.323.3 27.227.2

32.232.2 22.822.8 26.726.7

29.429.4 22.222.2 26.126.1

CMM per PersonCMM per Person

ApplicationApplication Occupant Smoking Occupant Smoking RecommendedRecommended MinimumMinimum

Apartment, averageApartment, average SomeSome 0.5670.567 0.2830.283

Banking spaceBanking space OccasionalOccasional .0.283.0.283 0.2130.213

BarbershopBarbershop ConsiderableConsiderable 0.4250.425 0.2830.283

Beauty ParlorBeauty Parlor OccasionalOccasional 0.2830.283 0.2130.213

Board RoomBoard Room Very heavyVery heavy 1.4171.417 0.5670.567

Cocktail BarCocktail Bar HeavyHeavy 1.1341.134 0.7080.708

Dept. StoreDept. Store NoneNone 0.2130.213 0.1420.142

Director’s RoomDirector’s Room ExtremeExtreme 1.4171.417 0.8500.850

DrugstoreDrugstore ConsiderableConsiderable 0.2830.283 0.2130.213

FactoryFactory nonenone 0.2830.283 0.2130.213

5 & 10 store5 & 10 store NoneNone 0.2130.213 0.1420.142

Funeral ParlorFuneral Parlor NoneNone 0.2830.283 0.2130.213

Hospital, Priv. Rm.Hospital, Priv. Rm. NoneNone 08500850 07080708

Hosp., WardHosp., Ward NoneNone 0.5670.567 0.2830.283

Hotel Rm.Hotel Rm. HeavyHeavy 0.8500.850 0.7080.708

Table 8.2.5OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENT

Lab.Lab. SomeSome 0.5670.567 0.4250.425

Meeting RoomMeeting Room Very heavyVery heavy 1.4171.417 0.8500.850

Offices, GeneralOffices, General SomeSome 0.4250.425 0.2830.283

Offices, PrivateOffices, Private NoneNone 0.7080.708 0.4250.425

Offices, Private Offices, Private ConsiderableConsiderable 0.8500.850 0.7080.708

CafeteriaCafeteria ConsiderableConsiderable 0.3400.340 0.2830.283

Dining RoomDining Room ConsiderableConsiderable 0.4250.425 0.3400.340

Shop, RetailShop, Retail NoneNone 0.2830.283 0.2130.213

Theater Theater NoneNone 0.2130.213 0.1420.142

theatertheater somesome 0.4250.425 0.2880.288

Ventilation Standard in Air Ventilation Standard in Air ConditioningConditioning

The desirable temperature in air conditioned space increases The desirable temperature in air conditioned space increases as the outdoor temperature increases as shown in table 8.2as the outdoor temperature increases as shown in table 8.2

The quality of outdoor air required to control body odor The quality of outdoor air required to control body odor satisfactory increases as the volume space per occupant satisfactory increases as the volume space per occupant increase.increase.

TABLE 8.2.7

MINIMUM OUTDOOR REQUIRED TO REMOVE OBJECTIONABLE BODY ODORS FOR SEDIMENTARY ADULT WORKER

Air space/ personAir space/ personCubic meterCubic meter

Outdoor air supply/ Outdoor air supply/ Occupant Occupant

2.82.8 0.7 m0.7 m33/min/min

5.75.7 0.5 m0.5 m33/min/min

8.68.6 0.4 m0.4 m33/min/min

14.214.2 0.2 m0.2 m33/min/min

Refrigerating ClassificationRefrigerating Classification

Group 1Group 1

Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide COCO22

DichlorodifluoromethaneDichlorodifluoromethane R-12R-12 CCLCCL22FF22

DichloromonofluoromethaneDichloromonofluoromethane R-21R-21 CHCLCHCL22FF

DichlorotetrafluoromethaneDichlorotetrafluoromethane R-114R-114 CC22CLCL22FF44

DichloromethaneDichloromethane CHCH22CLCL22

Trichloromemonofluoromethane Trichloromemonofluoromethane R-11R-11 CCLCCL33FF


Group 2Group 2

AmmoniaAmmonia NHNH33

DichloroethyleneDichloroethylene CC22HH22ClCl22

Ethyl ChlorideEthyl Chloride CHCH33ClCl

Methyl FormateMethyl Formate HCOOCHHCOOCH33

Sulfur DioxideSulfur Dioxide SOSO22


Group 3Group 3

Butane Butane CC44HH1010

EthaneEthane CC22HH88

IsobutaneIsobutane CHCH

PropanePropane CC33HH88

Location in which Refrigerating System may be Location in which Refrigerating System may be place are grouped by occupancy as follows.:place are grouped by occupancy as follows.:

Institutional OccupancyInstitutional Occupancy Hospital, asylum, sanitarium, police station, jails, court houses with cell Hospital, asylum, sanitarium, police station, jails, court houses with cell

etc.etc.

Public AssemblyPublic Assembly Auditorium, assembly rooms, ball rooms, broadcasting studios, Auditorium, assembly rooms, ball rooms, broadcasting studios,

churches, dept. store, fraternity halls, libraries theater, etc.churches, dept. store, fraternity halls, libraries theater, etc.

Residential OccupancyResidential Occupancy Apply to a portion of building which sleeping accomodation is provided.Apply to a portion of building which sleeping accomodation is provided.

Commercial occupancyCommercial occupancy Apply to a portion of building used for transaction of business, for Apply to a portion of building used for transaction of business, for

rendering professional services or for supplying food and drinks.rendering professional services or for supplying food and drinks.

Industrial occupancyIndustrial occupancy Apply to a entire building occupied by single tenant for manufacturing Apply to a entire building occupied by single tenant for manufacturing

process, processing or storage of material, product including chemical, process, processing or storage of material, product including chemical, food, candy, ice cream factories, ice making etc.food, candy, ice cream factories, ice making etc.

refrigerantrefrigerant InstitutionalInstitutionaloccupanciesoccupancies

Public Assembly Public Assembly OccupanciesOccupancies

Residential Residential occupanciesoccupancies

Commercial Commercial OccupancyOccupancy

Industrial Industrial OccupanciesOccupancies

Group1Group1 -Unit system -Unit system containing not more containing not more than 4.55 kg of than 4.55 kg of refrigerant and then refrigerant and then when only window when only window or other ventilation or other ventilation is provided.is provided.-System each -System each containing not more containing not more than 9.10 kg may be than 9.10 kg may be installed in kitchen, installed in kitchen, laboratories etc.laboratories etc.System more than System more than 9.10 kg shall be shall 9.10 kg shall be shall be the indirect type.be the indirect type.

-The maximum -The maximum quantity of this quantity of this

refrigerant used in refrigerant used in a Direct system for a Direct system for

human comfort human comfort should be limited to should be limited to

as follows:as follows:COCO

22 - 0.19 kg/m - 0.19 kg/m33

R-12 – 0.48 kg/mR-12 – 0.48 kg/m33

Carrene 1Carrene 1- 0.10 kg/m- 0.10 kg/m33

R -21 – 2.10 R -21 – 2.10 kg/mkg/m33

R-114 – 6.43 kg/mR-114 – 6.43 kg/m33

R-11 -5.64 kg/mR-11 -5.64 kg/m33

-System containing -System containing more than 22.73 kg more than 22.73 kg of refrigerant shall of refrigerant shall

be indirect type be indirect type unless it conform to unless it conform to requirements to as requirements to as

follow.follow.1. positive 1. positive

automatic fire automatic fire damperdamper

2. automatic close 2. automatic close the damper and fan the damper and fan

when the temp of when the temp of air in the duct reach air in the duct reach

51.7°C51.7°CSystem Containing System Containing

454.6 kg shall be 454.6 kg shall be Indirect type and Indirect type and mounted outside mounted outside the building or the building or

installed in a installed in a machinery room machinery room

Same rules as on Same rules as on public assembly public assembly

occupanciesoccupancies

Same rules as on Same rules as on public assembly public assembly

occupanciesoccupancies

There are no There are no restriction on the restriction on the

quantity or kind of quantity or kind of refrigerant used in a refrigerant used in a

industrial industrial Occupancy Occupancy

Group 2Group 2 -Unit System -Unit System containing not more containing not more

than 2.72 kg in than 2.72 kg in kitchen, lab, etc or kitchen, lab, etc or system containing system containing

not more than not more than 227.30 kg installed 227.30 kg installed

in “ class 1 in “ class 1 machinery roommachinery room

-Shall not be used in -Shall not be used in a system for air a system for air

conditioning for conditioning for human comfort , human comfort ,

except in a indirect except in a indirect vented closed vented closed

surface system or in surface system or in a double indirect a double indirect

vented open spray vented open spray system or in a system or in a

indirect absorptive indirect absorptive brine system brine system

Unit system not Unit system not more than 5.45 kg more than 5.45 kg or in a system or in a system containing not more containing not more than 454.80 kg of than 454.80 kg of refrigerant and refrigerant and installed in a class 1 installed in a class 1 machinery room.machinery room.- Air conditioning - Air conditioning for human comfort for human comfort except in an except in an indirect, Vented indirect, Vented Surface System or Surface System or Absorptive Brine Absorptive Brine System.System.

-No system -No system containing this containing this

refrigerant shall be refrigerant shall be used in a air-used in a air-

conditioning for conditioning for human comfort human comfort

unless in a indirect, unless in a indirect, Vented close Vented close

Surface System or Surface System or Absorptive Brine --Absorptive Brine --

System.System.System containing System containing

more than 136.36 kg more than 136.36 kg of this refrigerant of this refrigerant

shall have contained shall have contained in a Class 1 in a Class 1

Machinery roomMachinery room

--system containing system containing more than 9.10 kg of more than 9.10 kg of this refrigerant shall this refrigerant shall not be used for air not be used for air conditioning for conditioning for human comfort human comfort

unless it is Indirect unless it is Indirect Vented Close Vented Close

Surface System, Surface System, Double Indirect, Double Indirect,

Vented Open Spray Vented Open Spray System or indirect System or indirect Absorptive Brine --Absorptive Brine --

System.System.-system containing -system containing

more than 272.73 kg more than 272.73 kg of this refrigerant of this refrigerant

shall have all shall have all refrigerant refrigerant

containing part containing part installed in a class 1 installed in a class 1

machinery roommachinery room

Group 3Group 3 Shall not be used in Shall not be used in a institutional a institutional occupanciesoccupancies

Shall not be used in Shall not be used in a Public Assembly a Public Assembly

OccupanciesOccupancies

Shall not be in used Shall not be in used except for the except for the system not more system not more than 2.73 kgthan 2.73 kg

Shall not be in used Shall not be in used except for the except for the

system not more system not more than 2.73 kgthan 2.73 kg

refrigerantrefrigerant InstitutionalInstitutionaloccupanciesoccupancies

Public Assembly Public Assembly OccupanciesOccupancies

Residential Residential occupanciesoccupancies

Commercial Commercial OccupancyOccupancy

Industrial Industrial OccupanciesOccupancies

Water DischargedWater Discharged

Water discharged from evaporator, condenser and other machinery Water discharged from evaporator, condenser and other machinery shall not directly connected in waste or sewer in a such manner as shall not directly connected in waste or sewer in a such manner as to permit siphoning of the waste water and supply line. The waste to permit siphoning of the waste water and supply line. The waste water discharged from such equipment shall be over and above the water discharged from such equipment shall be over and above the rim of a properly trapped and vented plumbing fixture or suitable rim of a properly trapped and vented plumbing fixture or suitable storm drainstorm drain

Machinery RoomMachinery Room

Each refrigerating machinery room shall provide with adequate door Each refrigerating machinery room shall provide with adequate door or openings that will permit the passage of the machinery into the or openings that will permit the passage of the machinery into the machinery roommachinery room

Each refrigerating machinery room shall be provided with means for Each refrigerating machinery room shall be provided with means for ventilation to the out side. The ventilation shall consist of window ventilation to the out side. The ventilation shall consist of window door opening to the outside of the size given below or where power door opening to the outside of the size given below or where power driven exhaust fans are used continuously they shall have sufficient driven exhaust fans are used continuously they shall have sufficient capacity as shown in Table 8.2.16.capacity as shown in Table 8.2.16.

Machinery RoomMachinery Room

Field erected air conditioning system shall have the following Field erected air conditioning system shall have the following minimum control instruments:minimum control instruments:

A) Direct Expansion:A) Direct Expansion:1.1. Room thermostatRoom thermostat2.2. Solenoid Valve (Liquid Line)Solenoid Valve (Liquid Line)3.3. Face and Bypass Damper with modulator motorFace and Bypass Damper with modulator motor4.4. Compressor Low and High Cut-offCompressor Low and High Cut-off5.5. Compressor Oil Pressure Cut-offCompressor Oil Pressure Cut-off

B) Chilled Water B) Chilled Water 1.1. Room ThermostatRoom Thermostat2.2. Face and Bypass Damper with modulator motorFace and Bypass Damper with modulator motor3.3. Chiller flow switchChiller flow switch4.4. Chiller low water temperature cut-off;Chiller low water temperature cut-off;5.5. Compressor High Pressure Cut-offCompressor High Pressure Cut-off

Table 8.2.16Table 8.2.16

Weight of refrigerant in Weight of refrigerant in systemsystem

CMM of exhaust fanCMM of exhaust fan Duct AreaDuct Area Area of Open WindowArea of Open Window

9.099.09 4.254.25 0.0230.023 0.3720.372

22.7322.73 7.087.08 0.0310.031 0.5580.558

45.4545.45 11.3411.34 0.0460.046 0.9290.929

68.1868.18 15.6915.69 0.0620.062 1.1621.162

90.9090.90 19.2719.27 0.0620.062 1.3011.301

113.64113.64 22.6722.67 0.0930.093 1.3941.394

136.36136.36 25.5025.50 0.0930.093 1.5801.580

181.82181.82 31.1731.17 0.1160.116 1.8591.859

227.27227.27 36.1336.13 0.1390.139 2.2312.231

272.73272.73 41.0941.09 0.1390.139 2.2312.231

318.18318.18 46.1946.19 0.1390.139 2.4172.417

363.64363.64 51.0151.01 0.1860.186 2.6032.603

409.09409.09 55.2655.26 0.1860.186 2.7882.788

454.55454.55 58.0958.09 0.1860.186 2.8812.881

568.18568.18 63.7663.76 0.2090.209 3.0673.067

681.82681.82 70.8570.85 0.2090.209 3.4693.469

795.45795.45 76.5176.51 0.2090.209 3.5323.532

909.09909.09 82.1882.18 0.2090.209 3.7183.718

1136.361136.36 93.5293.52 0.2320.232 3.9973.997

1363.641363.64 104.05104.05 0.2790.279 4.4624.462

1818.181818.18 130.35130.35 0.3490.349 5.1125.112

2272.732272.73 155.86155.86 0.4180.418 5.7635.763

2727.272727.27 178.53178.53 0.4650.465 6.3216.321

3181.823181.82 204.04204.04 0.5110.511 6.8786.878

3630.363630.36 266.71266.71 0.5340.534 7.4367.436

4090.914090.91 246.55246.55 0.5810.581 7.9017.901

Weight of refrigerant in Weight of refrigerant in systemsystem

CMM of exhaust fanCMM of exhaust fan Duct AreaDuct Area Area of Open WindowArea of Open Window

DuctingDucting

It should be constructed entirely of non combustible materials It should be constructed entirely of non combustible materials such as iron, steel , aluminum or other approve materialsuch as iron, steel , aluminum or other approve materialDuct system shall design and install in accordance with the Duct system shall design and install in accordance with the recognize and acceptable method such as contained in ASHAE recognize and acceptable method such as contained in ASHAE guideguideIt shall be fabricated and erected in workman like manner so that It shall be fabricated and erected in workman like manner so that it should be straight, true dimension and smooth in the inside with it should be straight, true dimension and smooth in the inside with neatly finished and air-tight joint. neatly finished and air-tight joint. they should be properly supported by hanger and brackets.they should be properly supported by hanger and brackets.Exposed duct sleeves and flanged shall be fabricated from 0.8 Exposed duct sleeves and flanged shall be fabricated from 0.8 mm thick G.I. sheetmm thick G.I. sheetFlanged not less than 102 mm wide shall be installed tightly Flanged not less than 102 mm wide shall be installed tightly against the wall on each side and fastened to the sleeves.against the wall on each side and fastened to the sleeves.Sleeve shall be 51 mm larger than the duct.Sleeve shall be 51 mm larger than the duct.

DuctDuct

Access door shall be provided at all automatic damper, fire damper , Access door shall be provided at all automatic damper, fire damper , thermostat and other apparatus requiring service and inspection in thermostat and other apparatus requiring service and inspection in the duct system . The Door shall be 305 mm x 457 mmthe duct system . The Door shall be 305 mm x 457 mm

Sheet metal connection must be made up of felt, air handling unit of Sheet metal connection must be made up of felt, air handling unit of where the duct or dissimilar metal are connected, a non-flexible where the duct or dissimilar metal are connected, a non-flexible connection of 425 gram woven asbestos approximately 152 mm connection of 425 gram woven asbestos approximately 152 mm width be installed.width be installed.

Installation of DuctsInstallation of Ducts

Hangers and Brackets for supporting duct shall be made of metals .Hangers and Brackets for supporting duct shall be made of metals .

Duct exposed from weather shall be wrap with weather proofing Duct exposed from weather shall be wrap with weather proofing materialsmaterials

Fire doors and fire dampers shall be arranged to close automatically Fire doors and fire dampers shall be arranged to close automatically and remain tightly close upon operation heat actuated device and remain tightly close upon operation heat actuated device located where readily affected by an abnormal rise of temperature.located where readily affected by an abnormal rise of temperature.

Capacity of equipment shall not less than the calculated heat gain Capacity of equipment shall not less than the calculated heat gain and shall sufficient to maintain the design condition within the space and shall sufficient to maintain the design condition within the space to be cooled to be cooled

Air FilterAir Filter

Shall have a minimum rating of 60% efficiency and higher Shall have a minimum rating of 60% efficiency and higher efficiency for special applicationefficiency for special application

Filters shall be sized to provide not less than 0.093 m² of total face Filters shall be sized to provide not less than 0.093 m² of total face area per 8.5 CMM of air and shall ready accessible for cleaning area per 8.5 CMM of air and shall ready accessible for cleaning or replacement.or replacement.

Noise AbatementNoise Abatement

The sound level due to operation of equipment as measured 40 The sound level due to operation of equipment as measured 40 decibel weighted at the center of the conditioned space 914 mm decibel weighted at the center of the conditioned space 914 mm above the floor shall not higher than 45 decibel for normally above the floor shall not higher than 45 decibel for normally furnished room and 50 decibel for an unfurnished roomfurnished room and 50 decibel for an unfurnished room

Cold Storage and RefrigerationCold Storage and Refrigeration

Cold storage shall mean the storage or keeping the of all the article Cold storage shall mean the storage or keeping the of all the article of food at a temperature , not to exceed - 5.55 °C above 0° in a of food at a temperature , not to exceed - 5.55 °C above 0° in a cold storage ware housecold storage ware house

Refrigerated storage shall mean the storage or keeping the of all the Refrigerated storage shall mean the storage or keeping the of all the article of food at a temperature , not to exceed 4.4°C in which article of food at a temperature , not to exceed 4.4°C in which preserve meat , pork, fowl, butter, shrimps, lobster, etc…preserve meat , pork, fowl, butter, shrimps, lobster, etc…

And ice plant is closely associated with cold storage or refrigerated And ice plant is closely associated with cold storage or refrigerated storage, but should be treated process plant rather than accessory storage, but should be treated process plant rather than accessory to the buidingto the buiding

Refrigerant Piping, Valves, Fitting Refrigerant Piping, Valves, Fitting and other Related parts and other Related parts

Materials – all materials used in the construction and installation of Materials – all materials used in the construction and installation of Refrigeration System shall be suitable for refrigerant Refrigeration System shall be suitable for refrigerant used.used.

Pipe joint may be screwed, flanged or welded. Screw joint shall Pipe joint may be screwed, flanged or welded. Screw joint shall conform to R.P. Standardconform to R.P. Standard

Valves, Flanges, and fittings may be made of cast iron, malleable Valves, Flanges, and fittings may be made of cast iron, malleable iron, bronze or bronze and shall be design and material listed by iron, bronze or bronze and shall be design and material listed by the manufacturer for the particular refrigerant servicethe manufacturer for the particular refrigerant service

Cast iron shall conform from ASTM, designation A-126-30 class B Cast iron shall conform from ASTM, designation A-126-30 class B higher strength gray iron with not less than 206 700 N/m²higher strength gray iron with not less than 206 700 N/m²

Standard pipe size copper or red brass not less than 80% may be in Standard pipe size copper or red brass not less than 80% may be in use use

Copper tubing shall conform from ASTM, designation B-88-33 Copper tubing shall conform from ASTM, designation B-88-33 grade K or L for dimension and shall free from scale and dirtgrade K or L for dimension and shall free from scale and dirt

Stop ValveStop Valve

Stop valve shall be installed on all system containing more than Stop valve shall be installed on all system containing more than 9.09 kg but less than 45.45 kg of refrigerant at location as follows:9.09 kg but less than 45.45 kg of refrigerant at location as follows:

A) Each inlet and each outlet pipe of each compressorA) Each inlet and each outlet pipe of each compressor B) Each outlet of each liquid recieversB) Each outlet of each liquid recievers

Stop ValveStop ValveStop valve shall be installed on all system containing 45.45 kg or Stop valve shall be installed on all system containing 45.45 kg or more of refrigerant at location as follows:more of refrigerant at location as follows:

A) Each inlet and each outlet pipe of each compressorA) Each inlet and each outlet pipe of each compressor B) Each inlet and each outlet of each liquid receiversB) Each inlet and each outlet of each liquid receivers C) Each Liquid and each suction of each headerC) Each Liquid and each suction of each header

Stop valve placed where it is not obvious what they control shall be Stop valve placed where it is not obvious what they control shall be suitable labelled. Numbers may be used to label the valve provide a suitable labelled. Numbers may be used to label the valve provide a key to the numbers is located near valve. key to the numbers is located near valve.

Pipe and Tube support Pipe and Tube support

All refrigerant piping shall be securely supported by means of metal All refrigerant piping shall be securely supported by means of metal hanger, brackets, straps, clamps, or pedestal in such manner as to hanger, brackets, straps, clamps, or pedestal in such manner as to relieves joint of harmful strains and vibration. Hangers for refrigerant relieves joint of harmful strains and vibration. Hangers for refrigerant piping above 22 mm outside diameter, shall not be less than 0.806 piping above 22 mm outside diameter, shall not be less than 0.806 cm ²cm ²

Location of Refrigerant PipingLocation of Refrigerant Piping

Refrigerant Piping shall not be placed in public hallway, lobbies, Refrigerant Piping shall not be placed in public hallway, lobbies, stairways, elevators, or dumb-waiter shaft, excepting that such stairways, elevators, or dumb-waiter shaft, excepting that such refrigerant piping may across a public hallway, and provide a non-refrigerant piping may across a public hallway, and provide a non-ferrous tubing of 25.4 mm nominal outside diameter and less be ferrous tubing of 25.4 mm nominal outside diameter and less be contained in a rigid metal pipe.contained in a rigid metal pipe.

Design and Construction Design and Construction

Every part of a refrigeration system, except pressure gauge and Every part of a refrigeration system, except pressure gauge and control mechanism, shall be designed, constructed and assemble control mechanism, shall be designed, constructed and assemble and withstand the test pressure without being stress beyond 1/3 of and withstand the test pressure without being stress beyond 1/3 of the ultimate strength the ultimate strength

Equipment listed and refrigerant containing vessel recognized and Equipment listed and refrigerant containing vessel recognized and not recognized by engineering laboratory having a follow-up not recognized by engineering laboratory having a follow-up inspection serviceinspection service

Pressure Relief DevicesPressure Relief Devices

Each pressure vessel containing liquid refrigerant and which mat be Each pressure vessel containing liquid refrigerant and which mat be shut off by valve from all other parts of refrigerating system, shall be shut off by valve from all other parts of refrigerating system, shall be protected by a pressure relief valve in parallel with the rapture protected by a pressure relief valve in parallel with the rapture member.member.

Compressor operating 103.25 KPa gage and a having a Compressor operating 103.25 KPa gage and a having a displacement exceeding 2.83 m³/ min shall be equipped by the displacement exceeding 2.83 m³/ min shall be equipped by the manufacturer with a pressure relief device of adequate size to manufacturer with a pressure relief device of adequate size to prevent rupture of compressor, located between compressor and prevent rupture of compressor, located between compressor and stop valve on the discharged aids. stop valve on the discharged aids.

Required CapacityRequired Capacity

The minimum required rated discharged capacity of pressure relief The minimum required rated discharged capacity of pressure relief device for refrigerant containing vessel shall be determined by this device for refrigerant containing vessel shall be determined by this formula:formula:

C = C = ff x D x L x 4.89x D x L x 4.89

101055

where:where:

C = minimum required rated discharged capacity of the relief C = minimum required rated discharged capacity of the relief device in device in kg of air per minutekg of air per minute

D = Outside Diameter of the vessel in mmD = Outside Diameter of the vessel in mm

L = Length of the vessel in mmL = Length of the vessel in mm

ff = Factor depend upon kind of refrigerant as follows: = Factor depend upon kind of refrigerant as follows:

KIND OF REFRIGERANT ……………………………………VALUE OF KIND OF REFRIGERANT ……………………………………VALUE OF ff

Ammonia (NHAmmonia (NH33) …………………………………………………...0.1) …………………………………………………...0.1

Dichlorodifluoromethane R-12...…………………………………0.3Dichlorodifluoromethane R-12...…………………………………0.3

All other refrigerant ……...………………………………………..0.2All other refrigerant ……...………………………………………..0.2

Pressure SettingPressure SettingThe pressure setting of the relief devices for refrigerant containing The pressure setting of the relief devices for refrigerant containing vessel shall be tested with the outlet open to the atmosphere and vessel shall be tested with the outlet open to the atmosphere and the relief device shall function at pressure not more than 10 % the relief device shall function at pressure not more than 10 % above the marking pressure.above the marking pressure.

MarkingMarking

All pressure relief valves for refrigerant containing vessel shall be All pressure relief valves for refrigerant containing vessel shall be sealed by the manufacturer. The name or trade of the manufacturer, sealed by the manufacturer. The name or trade of the manufacturer, the pressure setting must be expressed in KPa, the rated the pressure setting must be expressed in KPa, the rated discharged capacity in kilogram per air minute etc.discharged capacity in kilogram per air minute etc.

Each rapture member of the refrigerant containing vessel shall have Each rapture member of the refrigerant containing vessel shall have cast or stamped on the device or metal plate and the bursting cast or stamped on the device or metal plate and the bursting pressure of the rapture member shall be indicated in KPapressure of the rapture member shall be indicated in KPa

Discharged From Pressure Relief DeviceDischarged From Pressure Relief Device

Pressure relief devices and fusible plug on all systems containing Pressure relief devices and fusible plug on all systems containing more than 13.46 kg of refrigerant .more than 13.46 kg of refrigerant .

The size of discharge pipe of the vessel should not less than the The size of discharge pipe of the vessel should not less than the size suction.size suction.

Ammonia DischargeAmmonia Discharge

The discharge of the amonia is to a tank of water which shall be The discharge of the amonia is to a tank of water which shall be used no purpose but to ammonia absorption only. At least 3.78 liter used no purpose but to ammonia absorption only. At least 3.78 liter of fresh water in every 0.45 kg of ammoniaof fresh water in every 0.45 kg of ammonia

Sulfur Dioxide DischargeSulfur Dioxide Discharge

The discharged may be into a tank of absoptive tankwhich serve no The discharged may be into a tank of absoptive tankwhich serve no purpose except to sulfur dioxide absorption. The shall be 3.78 liter purpose except to sulfur dioxide absorption. The shall be 3.78 liter of standard dichromate brine, 1.14 kg of sodium dichromate per of standard dichromate brine, 1.14 kg of sodium dichromate per 0.46 kg of sulfur dioxide of the system. Brine made with caustic 0.46 kg of sulfur dioxide of the system. Brine made with caustic soda or soda ash may be used in place of sodium dichromate.soda or soda ash may be used in place of sodium dichromate.

Pressure Limiting DevisesPressure Limiting Devises

Pressure limiting devices are required on all system containing Pressure limiting devices are required on all system containing more than 9.09 kg of refrigerant and operating above atmospheric more than 9.09 kg of refrigerant and operating above atmospheric pressure and on all Water Cooled System so constructed that the pressure and on all Water Cooled System so constructed that the compressor or generator is capable of producing a pressure excess compressor or generator is capable of producing a pressure excess of the testof the test

Pressure limiting device stop the action of the compressor if the Pressure limiting device stop the action of the compressor if the pressure exceed more than 90 % of the test pressure givenpressure exceed more than 90 % of the test pressure given

Pressure limiting device shall be connected between the Pressure limiting device shall be connected between the compressor and the stop valve on the discharge side.compressor and the stop valve on the discharge side.

Test of Refrigerant Containing Test of Refrigerant Containing VesselVessel

The shell of which have been previously tested under hydrostatic The shell of which have been previously tested under hydrostatic pressure of not less than one and one-half times the Design pressure of not less than one and one-half times the Design Working Working

Gauges Gauges – Liquid level gauge glasses , except those of the bull’s eye – Liquid level gauge glasses , except those of the bull’s eye type have automatic closing shut-off valves, and such glasses shall type have automatic closing shut-off valves, and such glasses shall be adequate protected against injury.be adequate protected against injury.

Motor Protection Motor Protection – Motor of Refrigerating System shall be – Motor of Refrigerating System shall be protected against hazardous overheating under normal or abnormal protected against hazardous overheating under normal or abnormal operating condition.operating condition.

InstructionsInstructions

All Refrigerating System shall be maintained in a cleanly manner, All Refrigerating System shall be maintained in a cleanly manner, free from oily dirt, waste and other debris and shall kept readily free from oily dirt, waste and other debris and shall kept readily accessible at all timesaccessible at all times

There shall be a person in charge in the premise in which the There shall be a person in charge in the premise in which the refrigerating system is installed, to place a card conspicuously as refrigerating system is installed, to place a card conspicuously as near as practicable to the refrigerant condensing unit giving near as practicable to the refrigerant condensing unit giving direction for the operation of the system, including precaution to be direction for the operation of the system, including precaution to be serve in case of breakdown or leak as followsserve in case of breakdown or leak as follows

Instructing of shutting down in case of emergencyInstructing of shutting down in case of emergency Name, address day and night telephone number for obtaining Name, address day and night telephone number for obtaining

serviceservice Name , address and telephone no of the municipal inspection Name , address and telephone no of the municipal inspection

department having jurisdiction and instruction notify said department having jurisdiction and instruction notify said department immediately in case of emergencydepartment immediately in case of emergency

SignsSigns

each Refrigerating System shall be provided with an easily legible each Refrigerating System shall be provided with an easily legible metal sign permanently attached and easily accessible, indicating metal sign permanently attached and easily accessible, indicating the name of the manufacturer or installer, kind and total number of the name of the manufacturer or installer, kind and total number of kilogram of refrigerant contain by the system.kilogram of refrigerant contain by the system.

System containing not less than 45.45 kg of refrigerant should be System containing not less than 45.45 kg of refrigerant should be provided with metal sign having a letter not less than 13 mm in provided with metal sign having a letter not less than 13 mm in height designating the main shut-off valve each vessel, main steam height designating the main shut-off valve each vessel, main steam or electrical control, remote control switch, and pressure lifting or electrical control, remote control switch, and pressure lifting device, on all exposed high and low pressure piping in each room device, on all exposed high and low pressure piping in each room where installed outside the machinery room , shall be a sign as where installed outside the machinery room , shall be a sign as above the name of the refrigerant and the letters LP or HPabove the name of the refrigerant and the letters LP or HP

heating, ventilating, refrigeration and air conditioning

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