heavy ion collision studies of the symmetry energy at high temperature and very low density
DESCRIPTION
Heavy Ion Collision Studies of the Symmetry Energy at High Temperature and Very Low Density. J. B. Natowitz CCAST Workshop, Beijing August 2005. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
J. B. NatowitzCCAST Workshop, Beijing August 2005
E. Bell1, M. Cinausero2, Y. El Masri 6,D. Fabris3, K. Hagel1, J. Iglio1, A. Keksis1, T. Keutgen6, M. Lunardon3, Z. Majka4, A. Martinez-Davalos,5 A. Menchaca-Rocha5, S. Kowalski1,T. Materna1, J. B. Natowitz1, G. Nebbia3, L. Qin1, G. Prete,2 R. Murthy1, V. Rizzi,3 D. V. Shetty1, S. Soisson1, B. Stein1, G. Souliotis1, P. M. Veselsky1,A. Wieloch1, G. Viesti,3 R. Wada1, J. Wang1, S. Wuenshel1, and S. J. Yennello1
1Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 2INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy 3INFN Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy 4Jagellonian University, Krakow, Poland 5UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico 6UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Reactions
26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn + Zn + 5858Ni Ni 26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 9292MoMo26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 197197AuAu
40A MeV 40A MeV 4040Ar + Ar + 112112SnSn35, 47A MeV 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 9292Mo Mo 47A MeV 47A MeV 6464Zn + Zn + 9292Mo Mo 55A MeV 55A MeV 2727Al + Al + 124124SnSn
R. Wada et al. Phys. Rev. C 69, 044610(2004)
J. Wang et al. Phys. Rev. C 71, 054608 (2005)
J. Wang et al. ArXiVnucl-ex/0408002, 2005
Reaction Dynamics and Multifragmentation in Fermi Energy Heavy Ion Reactions - 15,26,35.,47A MeV 64Zn + 58Ni, 92Mo and 197Au
15 26 35 47 15 26 35 47
64Zn + 92Mo 64Zn + 197Au
R.Wada, et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 044610(2004)
THERMAL SHOCK COMPRESSION
FREEZEOUT
SEPARATION
SECONDARY EMISSION
EXPANSIONPRE-EQUILIBRIUM EMISSIONEQUILIBRIUM EMISSION ?
Evolution ?Equilibration ?Equation of State ?
NIMROD DETECTOR4π Charged Particle Telescopes
and 4π Neutron Calorimeter
NIMROD DATA
Source Fits (and Velocity Plots) are Used to Test for Origin of Ejectiles
4He -CsI Detectors
V perpendicu
lar
S c h e m a t ic V e lo c i t y P lo t -I n t e r m e d ia t e E n e r g y H e a v y I o n C o l l is io n A s y m m e t r i c E n t r a n c e C h a n n e lE a r l y E m is s io n N N -L i k e
E a r l y E m is s io nP r o je c t i l e -L ik e
V p
erp
en
dic
ula
r
Schematic Veloc ity P lot-Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collis ion A symmetric Entranc e Channel
Early Emiss ion N N -L ike
E arlyE miss ionP rojec tile-L ike
Phase 1
Phase 2
“Central Collision”
26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn + Zn + 5858Ni Ni 26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 9292MoMo26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 197197AuAu
CoalescenceCoalescence ModelModel
==
AA-1-1
––
11
11
__________
A.Z. Mekjian, Phys. Rev. C 17, 1051 (1978); Phys. Rev. Lett. 38 640 (1977); Phys. Lett B 89,177 ( 1980)
11
Double Isotope Temperatures
TTHHeHHe = = 14.314.3
1.59 [ Y1.59 [ Yd d ] [ Y] [ Y44He He ] ] [ Y[ Yt t ] [ Y] [ Y33He He ]]
lnln
Binding Energy DifferencesBinding Energy Differences
Mass and Spin FactorsMass and Spin Factors
THHe
0
5
10
15
0 2 4 6 8 10
vsurf, cm/ns
TH
He,
MeV
47Zn
35Zn
40Ar
55Al
Thermal Coalescence Model Radii
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf, cm/ns
R,
fm
R(Mek)47Zn
R(Mek)35Zn
R(Mek) 40Ar
R(Mek) 55Al
t/3He
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf, cm/ns
Y(t
)/Y
(3H
e)
47Zn
35Zn
40Ar
55Al
Early EmissionEquilibration ?Evaporation or Disassembly
Velocity Dependence of Y(t)/Y(3He), Radius and Temperature
Relationship of Average Emission Time with Surface Velocity (AMD Calculation)
47A MeV 64Zn + 92Mo
t/3He Ratio 5/30/03
0
1
2
3
4
5
50 100 150 200
time, fm/c
t/3
He
Ra
tio
47Zn t/3He
47A MeV 64Zn + 92M0
THHe 5/30/03
0
5
10
15
50 100 150 200
time, fm/c
TH
He
, Me
V
47Zn T
47A MeV 64Zn + 92Mo RMek(t) 5/30/03
05
1015202530
50 100 150 200
time, fm/c
RM
ek,
fm47Zn R
Conversion From Velocity to Time
Evidence for Equilibration(A Ghoshal Experiment)
J. Wang et al. Phys. Rev. C 71, 054608 (2005)
J. Wang et al. nucl-ex/0408002, 2005
26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn + Zn + 5858Ni Ni 26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 9292MoMo26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 197197AuAu
Further Evidence for Equilibration(Thermal and
Chemical)
Evolution of Emission Rates
Proton and Z=1 Mass Fractions vs Vsurf
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf, cm/ns
Mas
s fr
acti
on 35 Au prot
35Mo prot
35Au Z=1
35Mo Z=1
Alpha Mass fractions vs Vsurf
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf, cm/ns
Alp
ha
mas
s fr
acti
on
Alpha massfract 35 Au47A MeV
26A MeV
35A Mo
Proton and Z=1 Mass Fractions vs Vsurf
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf, cm/ns
Mas
s fr
acti
on
35 Au prot
35Mo prot
35Au Z=1
35Mo Z=1
35 Au alpha
35 Mo alpha
Very Similar Results for Au, Mo Targets
Nucleons Earliest, Then A=2,3 Clusters, Then Alphas
Why Evolve to Such Large Alpha Fractions Late?
Alpha Clustering in Low Density Nuclear Material (Surface, Gas)
Relativistic Equation of State of Nuclear Matter for Supernova and Neutron Star H.Shen, H.Toki, K.Oyamatsu, K.Sumiyoshi Nucl.Phys. A637 (1998) 435-450
Yp = 0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
nb fm-3
XA
T=2
T=3
T=4
T=5
T=6
T=7
T=8
T=9
T=10
T=12
T=14
T=16
T=18
Shen 10%lim
Sil Calc RhogasavgV0COAL RADDETDerivedDensities
nucl-th/0507033 Cluster Formation and The Virial Equation of State of Low-Density Nuclear Matter C.J. Horowitz, A. Schwenk
nucl-th/0507064 The Virial Equation of State of Low-Density Neutron Matter
Authors: C.J. Horowitz, A. Schwenk
Alpha Fractions vs DensityCompared to Yp=.447 (SHEN et al.)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
nb fm-3
XA
T=2 0.45
T=4
T=6.3
T=8
T=12
T=15
T=10
LOW
High
AVGDDENS
Virial T=4
Virial T=8
DENSITY DETERMINED FROM ALPHA MASS FRACTION and TEMPERATURE
Tapas Sil, B. K. Agrawal, J. N. De, S. K. Samaddar , Phys.Rev. C63 (2001) 054604
Thomas- Fermi Calculations
Alpha Fractions vs DensityCompared to Yp=.447 (SHEN et al.)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
nb fm-3
XA
T=2 0.45
T=4
T=6.3
T=8
T=12
T=15
T=10
LOW
High
AVGDDENS
Virial T=4
Virial T=8
T. Sil186ReT= 5-7 MeV
J.B. Elliott, L.G. Moretto, L. Phair, G.J. Wozniak Phys.Rev. C67 (2003) 024609
Constructing the phase diagram of finite neutral nuclear matter
nucl-ex/0206010 J.B. Natowitz, K. Hagel, Y. Ma, M. Murray, L. Qin, S. Shlomo, R. Wada, J. Wang
Isoscaling Analyses and Symmetry Energy
M.B. Tsang, W.A. Friedman, C.K. Gelbke, W.G. Lynch, G. Verde and H.S. Xu, Phys.Rev. C64 (2001) 041603
A Comparison of the Yields of Emitted Species for Two Different Sources of Similar Excitation Energy and Temperature but Differing in Their Neutron to Proton Ratios
sym4
Isoscaling of LCP Yields From Intermediate Velocity Source
Relative Yields Z = 1 35A MeV Au/Mo
Vsurf = 0.25 to 7.75 cm/ns(displacement factor x1.3)
1
10
100
0 1 2 3
Neutron Number
Rel
ativ
e Y
(2)/
Y(1
)
Relative Yields Z=2 35A MeV Au/Mo
Vsurf =m 0.25 to 7.75 cm/ns ( displacement factor x 1.3)
1
10
100
0 1 2 3
Neutron Number
Rel
ativ
e y(
2)/Y
(1)
Isoscaling Parameter Alpha(Vsurf)
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.6
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf cm/ns
Alph
a Global Fit Z=1,2
Fit Z=1
0.25
7.75
Global Isoscaling Parameters (Vsurf)Z=1,2
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf cm/ns
be
ta
alp
ha
alpha
beta
beta/alpha
Global beta/alpha vs T35 Au/Mo
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
0 5 10 15 20
T, MeV
B/A
Au/Mo 35 B/A
EST SYM E ONLY
Isoscaling of LCP Yields From Intermediate Velocity Source
= (4/T)[(Z/A)2Mo – (Z/A)2
Au]
= (4/T)[(N/A)2Mo – (N/A)2
Au]
If Only Symmetry Energy Determines Relative Yields
= [(Z/A)2
Mo – (Z/A)2Au]
[(1- Z/A)2Mo – (1- Z/A)2
Au]
Derived Symmetry Energy Coefficient
Gamma Determination 1 August 05 from Seweryn Fits Z=1 and Z/A eject global
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
3.5 4.5 5.5
Vsurf
Gam
ma,
MeV
delsq glob ejectang
Vsurf dep del
SYMMETRY ENERGY
0.1
1
10
100
1E-05 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
nb fm-3
GA
MM
A, M
eV
Horo. T=4
Horo. T=6
Horo T=8
Gamma 35 Au/MoT= 5.19-15.5Horo T=14
FINIS
T=4 SYMMETRY ENERGY FROM INTERPOLATIONVirial Calculation
0.1
1
10
100
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
nb fm-3
GA
MM
A, M
eV
T=4
T=6
Horo graph T=8
Gogny
PLO)T GOGNY !!!!
Alpha Fractions vs DensityCompared to Yp=.447 (SHEN et al.)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
nb fm-3
XA
T=2 0.45
T=4
T=6.3
T=8
T=12
T=15
T=10
LOW
High
AVGDDENS
Virial T=4
Virial T=8
T=4 MeV
T = 8 MeV
Z/A of Gas vs time
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 100 200 300
time, fm/c
Z/A
ga
s
2.50 Calc 35 Au
expt
nucl-ex/0408002 Title: Tracing the Evolution of Temperature in Near Fermi Energy Heavy Ion Collisions
Authors: J. Wang, R. Wada, T. Keutgen, K. Hagel, Y. G. Ma, M. Murray, L. Qin, A. Botvina, S. Kowalski, T. Materna, J. B. Natowitz, R. Alfarro, J. Cibor, M. Cinausero, Y. El Masri, D. Fabris, E. Fioretto, A. Keksis, M. Lunardon, A. Makeev, N. Marie, E. Martin, Z. Majka, A. Martinez-Davalos, A. Menchaca
-Rocha, G. Nebbia, G. Prete, V. Rizzi, A. Ruangma, D. V. Shetty, G. Souliotis, P. Staszel, M. Veselsky, G. Viesti, E. M. Winchester, S. J. Yennello, W. Zipper,
A. Ono
A "Little Big Bang" Scenario of MultifragmentationX. Campi, H. Krivine, E. Plagnol, N. Sator
Journal-ref: Phys.Rev. C67 (2003) 044610
Title: Reaction Dynamics and Multifragmentation in Fermi Energy Heavy Ion ReactionsAuthors: R. Wada, T. Keutgen, K. Hagel, Y. G. Ma, J. Wang, M. Murray, L. Qin, P. Smith, J. B. Natowitz, R. Alfarro, J. Cibor, M. Cinausero, Y. El Masri, D. Fabris, E. Fioretto, A. Keksis, M. Lunardon, A. Makeev, N. Marie, E. Martin, A. Martinez-Davalos, A. Menchaca-Rocha, G. Nebbia, G. Prete, V. Rizzi, A. Ruangma, D. V. Shetty, G. Souliotis, P. Staszel, M. Veselsky, G. Viesti, E. M. Winchester, S. J. Yennello, Z. Majka, A. OnoPhys.Rev. C69 (2004) 044610