heis and regions: reflecting on the outcomes and ... · - graduates 430,000 ... applications or the...

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HEIs and regions: reflecting on the outcomes and recommendations of the OECD project

Emilio Barbera-GuillemRegional Vice Minister of Science and High Education (Comunidad Valenciana, Spain)

The valencian Community in international context

4.806.90810,75%206,7 hab./km²

Population- Total (2006)- % of Spain- P. Density

23.255 km²4,6%

Surface- total- % of Spain

7.150.000324 hab./km²

Population- Total (2006)- P. Density

22.145 km²Surface- totalGPD = 0.12 Trillion US$

GPD = 0.17 Trillion US$

- Graduates 430,000- HEIs students 146,000

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The valencian Community in international context

4.806.90810,75%206,7 hab./km²

Population- Total (2006)- % of Spain- P. Density

23.255 km²4,6%

Surface- total- % of Spain

4.228.00015 hab./km²

Population- Total (2006)- P. Density

268.680 km²Surface- total



- Graduates 430,000- HEIs students 146,000

Trends in valencian college student population

Distribution of students in universities by areas of knowledge 2004

AREA OF KNOWLEDGE TOTAL

Humanities 9.5%Social Sciences 42.5%

Sub-total = 52%Engineering and Technology 32.4%Exact and Natural Sciences 7.6%

Sub-total = 40%

Health Sciences 8.0%

Source: Ministry of Education and Science. Forecast 2004-2005

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A wise statement of Dr. G. Forteza

“This leukemia will not kill you…”Dr. G. Forteza Bover (oncologist), Valencia 1970

A wise statement of Joseph Donnelly

“I don’t wish to fight you…”Joseph Donnelly (Irish emigrant), Boston 1893

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The Peer Review Team does report that:

•“There are approximately 146,000 students enrolled in the Valencian HEIs, and of these, 13,000 are in the private sector”.

•“Universities have satisfactory figures for overall research activity”.

Nevertheless, the Peer Review Team considers:

• “It appears that there is currently a dual situation in both the Valencian university system and, in general, the Spanish university system.

• On the one hand…

• On the other hand, there is evidence that the contribution of universities to development, such as continuing education and technology transfer, have not progressed enough.

• It could be said that there has been progress in the generation of knowledge but not in its dissemination”.

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Moreover, the Peer Review Team conclude:

• “The present legal framework in the region of Valencia has generated a situation in which universities do not have a clear mandate as to how to allocate resources or allow professors to participate in industry relations activities”.

• “Universities lack flexibility and funds to meet the demands from the private sector and to promote competitiveness and development in the region”.

• “For any region in the world, “reversing this situation is one of the main challenges for development, one that cannot be fulfilled by pushing universities to change while everything else remains the same” (Juma and Yee-

Cheong, 2005)”.

Gross domestic product (GDP) of OECD countries, 2005 (Trillions of $)

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0 10000 20000 30000 40000

0

1

2

3

Number of Patents

GD

P Tr

illio

ns U

S $

Is there any correlation between the number of patents and a country's GDP?

Data sourceOECD and US CIA

Spain

Germany

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

Is there any correlation between the GDP and a country's number of patents?

Spain

Germany

Data sourceOECD and US CIA

40000

GDP Trillions of US$

Num

ber o

f pat

ents

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US+EU patent production (Awarded in 2004)

10.42%10.95%22.95%42.85%35651.48Germany

3.58%3.76%7.88%14.71%12241.55France

2.91%3.06%6.42%11.99%9974.48United Kingdom

1.82%1.91%4.01%7.49%6231.44Italy

1.48%1.55%3.26%6.08%5062.38Netherlands

1.26%1.33%2.78%5.19%4319.75Switzerland

1.04%1.09%2.28%4.26%3545.66Sweden

0.75%0.78%1.64%3.07%2553.88Finland

0.62%0.65%1.37%2.55%2120.99Belgium

0.55%0.58%1.21%2.26%1882.29Austria

0.41%0.43%0.89%1.67%1389.04Denmark

0.36%0.37%0.79%1.47%1219.53Spain

0.19%0.20%0.42%0.78%652.19Norway

0.12%0.13%0.27%0.51%426.90Ireland

0.12%0.13%0.27%0.49%411.72Russian Federation

Data from OECD, US-CIA and VOIP

Contribution to the regional developmentData reported by the Universities of Comunidad Valenciana

Example of University contribution to regional development in Valencia

51%65%52%79%80%Special education programs

29%33%33%33%100%Startup companies (TBC)

17%0%11%14%14%Patent Licensing

53%52%34%31%45%Technology cooperation & Consulting

63%63%59%61%62%R&D contracts

20042003200220012000Contribution to regional agents

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Technology creation contribution of valencian Universities

0.007Ratio Science/Technology

1724Peer reviewed Papers

3534484230Special education programs

73661Startup companies (TBC)

12122677Patent Licensing

2.2502.0452.1282.0291.409Technology cooperation & Consulting

641592529439433R&D contracts

20042003200220012000Contribution to regional agents (actions)

Data Source: Universities of Comunidad Valenciana

Although the “inventor” could be contracted from a university, the patents are registered as a product of the “assignee”

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Innovation, technology transfer an patent trade

Industrialinnovation

Self developed technology

Patent trade out

Patent trade in

Valencian Community technology transfer records

Licensed Patents/M habitantsLicensed Patents/M habitants

In 2004: VC’ Licensed in: 4,264 patents

SpainCVYear

52.159.0200538.046.4200437.150.32003

Data source:

In 2004: VC’ Licensed out: 2,386. patents

Data analysis: EBG

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Technology creation contribution of valencian universities

2,669Patents issued from Spain

0.0028Local Patent Coverage Ratio

4,264Industrial patent needs

3534484230Special education programs

73661Startup companies (TBC)

12122677Patent Licensing

2,2502,0452,1282,0291,409Technology cooperation & Consulting

641592529439433R&D contracts

20042003200220012000Contribution to regional agents (actions)

There is short patent trade between University and local Industry

SCIENCEPRODUCTION

PATENTTRADE

TECHNOLOGY NEED

UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY

Scale representation of volumes: Science production, technology transfer, and technology need of the regional industry

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Do we have a problem?

SCIENCEPRODUCTION

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

TECHNOLOGY NEED

WRONG UNIVERSITY COMMUNICATION ?

WRONG INDUSTRY RECEPTIVITY ?

Lack of technology transfer could be consequence of either deficient University communication or an insensitive Industrial attitude.

The patent success ratio

A new measure of innovation: The patent success ratioMichael McAleer1 and Daniel Slottje2

1) School of Economics and Commerce, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia 2) Department of Economics, SMU, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA

Scientometrics Volume 63, Number 3 / June, 2005

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A Simple New Measure of Innovation: The Patent Success RatioMichael McAleera, Daniel Slottjeb

Additional readings on McAleera, Slottjebpaper.

WWII = 20 years of technology delay

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“The growth in PSR of innovation had a stronger association with the growth in real GDP than growth in total patent applications or the growth in successful patent applications.”

-0.060.13-0.11PATGRTGR

-0.06-0.45-0.23TOTPATGR

0.13-0.450.34PSR

-0.11-0.230.34GDPGRO

PATGRTGRTOTPATGRPSRGDPGROVariable

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Conclusions

1. There is not enough objective and scientific support in the PRT diagnosis: “Universities lack flexibility and funds to meet the demands from the private sector and to promote competitiveness and development in the region”.

2. There is not enough objective and scientific support in the PRT conclusion that valenciancommunity development is in jeopardy due to the low patent production in valencian HEIs(“one of the main challenges for development”)

Conclusions

1. The PRT state that: Spanish R&D investment “measures may indicate that Spain is lagging behind in innovation and technology”. However, the PRT data, and analysis, only supports that valencianHEIs don’t provide technological “self-sufficiency”. It means: to produce enough patents or industrial secrets to completely support the country’s highly specialized or skilled industries.

2. This has just an effect on valencian balance of trade (BOT) in patents

• Common data show that Valencian community has a “trade deficit” in patents

• Which doesn’t mean that Valencian community has a deficient development or innovation progress.

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A wise statement of Dr. E. Barbera

“this leukemia will not kill us…”Dr. E. Barbera-Guillem (MD, PhD), Valencia 2007

“I don’t wish to fight you…” but…

Thank You!

City of Valencia, September 19, 2007

heis and regions: reflecting on the outcomes and ... · - graduates 430,000 ... applications or the...

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