helath promotion - ph2.vr2

7/23/2019 Helath Promotion - PH2.Vr2

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Developing a HealthPromotion Programdr. Harun Al Rasyid, MPH

PH22011


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Objectives2

Students are able to Determine health issue Determine target group

Ma!e appropriate program goal andobjectives

Select appropriate method o" healthpromotion program


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#hat $e havelearned lastsemester%

3

De&nition o"health promotion

'ehavioraltheories used inhealth promotion


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Health Promotion

health education - behavioural

- structural(((((((((((((((((((((((((

organisationalactions

-------------------------economicactions

-------------------------political actions

)ncluding advocacy

attitudinalbehavioural

environmentaland

socialchanges

conducive

to health

ImprovedHealthstatus


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Developing Health PromotionProgram

9/9/15

5

Planning

Planning

Methods

Methods

Evaluation

Evaluation


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Planning A Health PromotionProgram

#hat do you $ant to achieve* #hy do you $ant to achieve

it* Ho$ $ill you achieve it* #ho is the program aimed at* Ho$ $ill it happen*

#here $ill it happen* #hen $ill it happen, or $hen $ill

it stop* Ho$ $ill you !no$ i" you

achieved $hat you $anted*


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#hy develop a plan*

+o ensure the program is appropriate tothe health problem identi&ed target group

available resources+o apply accepted theory and eperience+o maimise the opportunity "or

achieving the desired change

+o enable the program to beimplemented by others+o enable the program to be evaluated

and possibly duplicated


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#hy Might Health PromotionPrograms -ail*

)nadeuate needs assessment )nadeuate planning )nadeuate applied research /nderestimation o" di0usion

and adoption barriers


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Planning 1uestions

2. Ho$ serious is the health issue,concern or problem*

3. #hich behavioural andenvironmental ris! "actor areinvolved*

4. #hat contributes to those ris!

"actors*5. #hich combination o"

interventions might changethese "actors

6. Ho$ can these interventions be


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7valuation uestions

2. Has the implementation carriedout as intended*

3. Have the interventions been

eecuted as planned*4. Have the causes o" behavioural

or environmental ris!s

changed*5. Has the ris! itsel" changed*

6. Has the problem lessened*


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Planning A Health PromotionProgram

Determine the health issue 'uilding a rationale 8eeds assessment

Determine the target group High ris! group Primary, secondary, tertiary target group

Determine goal and objectives Determine the methods and

strategies

Evaluation planning


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Needs ssessment

Should provide ans$ers "or the"ollo$ing uestions

#hat does the communityR7A99: need* #hat are the most relevant

issues*

)s the need "or directional changeindicated*

Ho$ much time, money, andother resources reuired*


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Steps in needs assessmentPart one

Identi!"ing the healthproblem ;onsultation Data collection and

preliminary revie$ o"

literature )nterim presentation o"

&ndings to sta!eholders ;ollaboratively determine

priorities


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Steps in needsassessment Part t#o

nal"sis o! the healthproblem

More speci&c literaturerevie$ Describe target group 7ploring the health problem

Analy


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De&ning +arget=roup

+he nature o" the target group $illin>uence the style o" the plannedintervention

)nclude demographic characteristics,

such as age, se, ethnic composition May be appropriate to include other

"actors, eg education, employmentpro&les, area o" residence

:ou may need to re(de&ne your targetgroup as you progress through theplanning stage and be"ore &nali


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nal"sis o! the !actorscontributing to the healthproblem

$is% mar%ers "actors that identi"y $here theproblem is occurring

$is% &actors account "or $hy the problem is

occurring 'ontributing $is% &actors contribute to,

or account "or the ris! "actor predisposing predispose a person into

behaving in a certain $ay @!no$ledge, attitudes

and belie"s enabling enable a behaviour, or situation to

occur @usually "ocus on s!ills rein!orcing re$ard o" punish the carrying out

o" a behaviour or the maintenance o" the

situation


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D7+7RM)8)8==OA9S

#hat do "ou ultimatel"#ant to achieve #ith

the program corresponds to healthproblem

/sually a health indicator ?diagnosis, but may be a

behaviour or environmentalconcern i" that is de&ned asthe health issue


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D7+7RM)8)8=

O'B7;+)C7S

the changes to be

brought about b"the target group corresponds to ris%

!actor =enerally a

behavioural?

environmental "ocus


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D7+7RM)8)8=

S/'(O'B7;+)C7S#hat has to happento achieve an

objective corresponds to

contributing ris% !actor (s!ills, !no$ledge,

a$areness etc generally only separated

out "rom general objectives"or large projects or $herehelp"ul


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=OA9

corresponds to

Health Proble

O'B7;+)C7 Ris! -actor

/'(O'B7;+)C7 ;ontributing Ris!

-actor


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7ample

E(cessive e(posure o" schoolchildren to ultraviolet light

)o reduce e(posure o! schoolchildren to ultraviolet light

Health Problem *oal

$is% &actor +bjective

;hildren do not$ear hats

+o increase theproportion o"children $ho $ear

hats


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7ample

;hildren do not li!e$earing hats@predisposing

Hats are not suppliedby the school

@enabling Hats are not a

compulsory part o"uni"orm @rein"orcing

)o increase theproportion o!

children #ho li%e#earing hats

)o ma%e hats !ree!or school children

)o ma%e #earinghats compulsor"!or school children

'ontributing $is%&actor

,ub-+bjective


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7ample 3

E(cessive e(posure o" schoolchildren to ultraviolet light

)o reduce e(posure o! schoolchildren to ultraviolet light

Health Problem *oal

$is% &actor +bjective

8ot enough shadein schoolplaygrounds

+o increase theamount o" shadein school

playgrounds


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7ample

Parents and teachersnot suciently a$areo" ris! o" sun

eposure@predisposing

)nsucient "unds to

build shelters@enabling

7ducationDepartment has no

policy on shade areas@rein"orcing

)o increaseteachers andparents%no#ledge o! ris%o! sun e(posure

)o ac.uire $p /million !or shade

shelter )o have shade

protectionincorporated into

Education

'ontributing $is%&actor

,ub-+bjective

i i d


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#riting =OA9 andO'B7;+)C7S

Should be ,M$) ,peci&c Measurable chievable $elevant )ime Speci&c


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7ample

/ntu! mening!at!an proporsi ana!se!olah sebesar 5EF yang su!amema!ai topi sampai a!hir Banuari

3EEG /ntu! mening!at!an ting!at

pengetahuan para guru dan orang

tua sebesar 36F tentang resi!opaparan sinar matahari sampai a!hirprogram

H7A9+H PROMO+)O8


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H7A9+H PROMO+)O8M7+HODS

'hoice o! Methods -our "actors determine the choice

o" methods +ime Audience 7nvironment Outcome

-O;/S O8 +H7


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-O;/S O8 +H7INDI0ID12 Patient Education

Hospital inpatient program =eneral health education materials

7ducation "or speci&c ailments @e.g. Diabetes,asthma, etc.

Outpatient settings

'ounseling3 brie! interventions3 and

motivational intervie#ing Programmed learning3 sel!-help

materials3 and the internet


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-O;/S O8 *$+1P

=roup Methods Didactic approach

+he goal is transmission o" !no$ledge or in"ormation

Directed at group o" individuals to bring aboutindividual behaviour change

7amples lectures, seminar

E(periential group learning 'est per"ormed $hen the behavioural outcome

reuired is a comple one and reuires detaileddevelopment o" components that have beenidenti&ed in H'M @intentions, attitudes, barriers, andbelie"s


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-O;/S O8 *$+1P

Didacticgroupmethod

Description

9ecture (discussion

'est "or !no$ledge transmission or motivationin large groups. Reuires dynamic, e0ective

spea!er $ith more !no$ledge than theaudience

Seminar Smaller number @3(3E. 9eader(group"eedbac!. 9eader most !no$ledgeable in thegroup. 'est "or trainer learning.

;on"erence ;an combine lecture or seminar techniues.'est "or pro"essional development.

Cideocon"erencing

Opportunity "or group learning $ithpro"essionals, such as rural and remotedoctors, nurses, and so on.


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-O;/S O8 *$+1P

7periential groupmethod

Description

S!ills training Reuires motivated individuals. )ncludeseplanation, demonstration and practice "or

eample relaation, childbirth, eercise'ehaviourmodi&cation

9earning and unlearning o" speci&c habits.Stimulus(response learning. =enerallybehaviour(speci&c "or eample smo!ingcessation, phobia desensitisation

)nuirylearning

/sed mainly in school settings. Reuires"ormulating and problem solving through groupcooperation

Peer groupdiscussion

/se"ul $here shared eperiences, support anda$areness are important. Participants

homogenous in at least one "actor "or eample


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-O;/S O8 *$+1P

7periential groupmethod

Description

Simulation /se"ul "or in>uencing attitudes in individuals$ith varying abilities. =enerally in school(

setting but relevant to tother group

Role(play Acting o" roles by group o" participants. ;an beuse"ul $here communication diculties eistbet$een individuals in a setting "or eample"amilies, pro"essional practice. Reuire s!illed

"acilitator.

Sel"(help Reuires motivation and independent attitude.Caluable "or ongoing peer support and valueclari&cation. ;an be therapy or a "orum "orsocial action.


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/S)8= +H7 M7D)A

Mass media methods Advertising Publicity

7dutainment ;ivic journalism #ebsites and

interactive in"ormationtechnology


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Mass media methods

Advertising the paid placement o" messages in

various media vehicles by anidenti&ed source.

Disadvantage ;ost I Advantagelarge eposure

Publicity +he unpaid placement o" messages

in the media, usually in ne$s orcurrent a0airs program, but also in

"eature article or documentaries


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7dutainment /se the combination o" education and

entertainment Deliberate inclusion o" socially

desirable messages in entertainmentvehicles, such as +C soap opera@sinetron.

;ivic journalism Attempts to build community

consensus and cooperation 7mphasi


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#ebsites and interactivein"ormation technology -or health promoters, the $eb

provides a relatively ecientand inepensive "orum "or thedissemination o" in"ormationand materials

Dietary habit uestionnaireonlineimmediate diagnosisand prognosis about dietarychanges


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;hoosing media methods

-actors =oals and objectives @outcomes ;ost

70ectiveness ;ompleity o" messages delivered +ime

Relationship $ith the media +ype o" media available


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A "rame$or! "or using media in socialmar!eting

dvertising

Publicit" Edutainment

4ebsites

'ivicjournalism

Objectives

Educate JJ JJ JJJJ JJJJJ JJJJMotivate JJJJ JJ JJJJ JJ JJJ

dvocate JJJ JJJ JJ JJ JJJJ

A summar o" media method


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A summary o" media method9imited reach media+ype ;haracteristics

Pamphlets )n"ormation transmission. 'est $here cognition ratherthan emotion is desired outcome.

)n"ormationsheets

1uic! convenient in"ormation. /se as series $ithstorage "older. 8ot "or comple behavior change.

8e$sletter ;ontinuity. Personali


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A summary o" media methodMass reach media

+ype ;haracteristics

+elevision A$areness, arousal, modeling, and image creationrole. May be increasingly use"ul in in"ormation ands!ills training as a$areness and interest in healthincreases.

Radio )n"ormative, interactive @tal!bac!. ;ost(e0ective anduse"ul in creating a$areness, providing in"ormation.

8e$spaper 9ong and short copy in"ormation. Material dependenton type o" paper and day o" $ee!.

Magauence. /se"ul as supportive

role and to in"orm and provide social proo".)nternet ;an serve $ide role "rom personal in"ormation

transmission ato group sessions to KbloggingL

; t " " l di


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;omponents o" success"ul mediacampaigns

;arry out in"ormative research

'ase the campaign on a model o"attitude(behaviour change

-ully understand the topic beingcommunicated

/se s!illed creative personnel

/nderstand the audience

; t " " l di


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+arget the message

+a!e account o" interpersonal and peerin>uences

Optimi


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Set realistic goals and a realistic durationo" the study

Provide environmental support "or

change 7nsure that input "rom a behavioral

scientist guides the communication

agency

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