Helminthology

Helminthic Infections

Helminthic Infections - Classification

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Flatworms – TrematodesTapeworms – Cestodes

Roundworms – Nematodes

Platyhelminthes

Nemathelminthes

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SchistosomaS. mansoniS. hematobiumS. japonicum

Trematodes (flukes)

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Fasciola hepatica.Heterophyes het.

Liver flukesLiver flukesLiver flukesLiver flukes

''Fascioliasis''''Fascioliasis''''Fascioliasis''''Fascioliasis''

Distribution

Fasioliasis occurs in areas wheresheep, cattle and goats are raised asin U.S.A, Great Britain, Ireland,Middle East, Africa, Australia andCaribbean area.

Liver flukesLiver flukesLiver flukesLiver flukes

Fasciola giganticaFasciola giganticaFasciola hepaticaFasciola hepatica

Fasciola giganticaFasciola giganticaFasciola giganticaFasciola gigantica

Fasciola hepaticaFasciola hepaticaFasciola hepaticaFasciola hepatica

SnailsSnails

Water cress is the most

common

source of metacercaria

for man

PathogenesisPathogenesisDiagnosisDiagnosis

Penetration of the livercapsule.

Later complications.

Ectopic fascioliasis.

Halzoun.

TreatmentTreatment

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Early discovery of the disease.

Combined surgical and medicaltreatment

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Bithionol

Praziquantel

Triclabendazole

Nitazoxanide

Fasciolopsis buski:Giant intestinal fluke

Geographic distribution

Fasciolopsis buski:Morphology

5 cm

Fasciolopsis buski:Life cycle

Fasciolopsis buski:Symptoms

Epigastric painNauseaDiarrheaGeneralized edema and ascitis,in heavier infections

Fasciolopsis buski :Diagnosis

SymptomsHistory of eating uncooked waterchestnuts in endemic areasEggs in stool

Fasciolopsis buski:Treatment and Control

Praziquantel is effective

Avoid eating uncooked chestnuts inendemic areasSanitary disposal of sewageElimination of snails

Heterophyes heterophyes

Japan,China,Philippines,Turkey andNile delta region of Egypt

One of the intestinal flukes thatinhabit the small intestine

Heterophyes heterophyes

Heterophyes heterophyes

Heterophyes heterophyes

Definitive hostDefinitive host

IntermediateIntermediate

Reservoir hostReservoir host

Pirenella conicaPirenella conicaPirenella conicaPirenella conica

Heterophyes heterophyes

Infective stage: ????

Stages in the life cycle: Egg-Miracidium-sporocyst-redia-cercaria-Encysted metacercaria

Pathogenesis

Attachment of the flukes to

Mild Severe

Metagonimus yokogawi

Habitat S.I

D.H Man

I.H Melania

libertina

I.S Encysted

metacercaria

Diagnosis

Treatment

Praziquantel.

Niclosamide (Yomesan).

Control

Fishes