Herlihy-Mera, Jeffrey. "When Hemingway hated Paris:

divorce proceedings, contemplations of suicide, and

the deleted chapters of the sun also rises." Studies in

the Novel 44.1 (2012): 49+. Literature Resource

Center. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.

This critical essay explains how literary

expatriation plays an essential part in Hemingway’s

growth as a writer. The author tries to compile

several factors that contributed to Hemingway’s

depression, alcoholism, and thoughts of suicide after

he had to move to Paris. It also analyzed how

Hemingway progressed from loving Paris, to hating it

at the end of his expatriation. The article “Christmas

on the Roof of the World" is used to proof

Hemingway distress. Herlihy-Mera, also described an

incident were all the manuscripts composed by

Hemingway since childhood were stolen from a train

in Paris, including what was going to be his first

novel. This essay gives a good insight to understand

how expatriation affected Hemingway’s life and

literary work.

Hicks, Granville. "Hemingway: The Complexities That

Animated the Man." Saturday Review of Literature

52.16 (19 Apr. 1969): 31-33. Rpt. in Twentieth-

Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Janet Witalec. Vol.

119. Detroit: Gale, 2002. Literature Resource Center.

Web. 14 Sept. 2013.

In this review, Granville recognized how Carlos

Baker's biography of Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story

was the most important writing out seven other

books that were published about the famous writer.

The work was supported and approved by

Hemingway’s widow and literary executor. She

allows the biographer to inspect any of Hemingway’s

documents, including unpublished manuscripts and

letters.

Panda, Ken. "Under Kilimanjaro: the multicultural

Hemingway." The Hemingway Review 25.2 (2006):

128+. Literature Resource Center. Web. 15 Sept.

2013.

This article offer information about one of the

latest Hemingway published book “Under

Kilimanjaro”. Ken announces that readers are not

aware that Hemingway did not write the book. He

also states the book is an edition of a manuscript

found in a safe deposit box left in Cuba. This article

recognized Hemingway as a multicultural writer, who

lived in four different countries and also traveled all

over the world. This review offers important details

about Hemingway’s latest work to the general

audience.

Strychacz, Thomas. "Unraveling the Masculine Ethos in

'The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber.'."

Hemingway's Theaters of Masculinity. Baton Rouge:

Louisiana State University Press, 2003. 14-52. Rpt. in

Short Story Criticism. Ed. Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 137.

Detroit: Gale, 2010. Literature Resource Center. Web.

15 Sept. 2013.

This literature criticism article mainly explains how

Hemingway’s story "The Short Happy Life of Francis

Macomber", does not represent his typical illustration

of character’s masculinity. This article also analyses

how the ambiguity of the final act has contributed to

the story status as an enduring classic postwar

American literature. Strychacz discussed the plot,

major characters and major theme of the story. The

author also mentioned the critical reception of the

story by scholars, critics and reviewers. This article

summarizes "The Short Happy Life of Francis

Macomber” and explains how the writer used the

contrast between two different types of masculinity

through the characters of Francis and Wilson.

"The Influence of Ernest Hemingway." Twentieth-Century

Literary Criticism. Ed. Thomas J. Schoenberg and

Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 162. Detroit: Thomson

Gale, 2005. 122-259. Literature Criticism Online.

Gale. 15 September 2013.

This work is a compilation of different critic’s

essays about Hemingway literary work. Linda

Wagner-Martin, the editor Ernest Hemingway:

Seven Decades of Criticism, noted that over the

past seventy years, as views of heroism have

changed, so too have critics' views of Hemingway

(123). Biographer Michael Reynolds noted that even

when “Hemingway’s short fiction is what changed

American fiction,” and particularly the way

subsequent authors wrote dialogue, “there are

people who venerate Hemingway who have never

read Hemingway” (122). This criticism work is a

precise analysis of a variety of Hemingway critics

reviews over the past seventy years.