hemodynamic monitoring part i (abp, cvp, ao)
DESCRIPTION
Hemodynamic Monitoring Part I (ABP, CVP, Ao). MICU Competencies 2006-2007. What is Hemodynamic Monitoring?. Non-invasive = clinical assessment & NBP Direct measurement of arterial pressure Invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Noninvasive BP Heart Rate, pulses Mental Status Mottling (absent). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Hemodynamic MonitoringPart I
(ABP, CVP, Ao)
MICU Competencies2006-2007
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What is Hemodynamic Monitoring?
• Non-invasive = clinical assessment & NBP
• Direct measurement of arterial pressure
• Invasive hemodynamic monitoring
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Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
• Noninvasive BP
• Heart Rate, pulses
• Mental Status
• Mottling (absent)
• Skin Temperature
• Capillary Refill
• Urine Output
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Proper Fit of a Blood Pressure Cuff
• Width of bladder = 2/3 of upper arm
• Length of bladder encircles 80% arm
• Lower edge of cuff approximately 2.5 cm above the antecubital space
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Why A Properly Fitting Cuff?
• Too small causes false-high reading
• Too LARGE causes false-low reading
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Indications for Arterial Blood Pressure
• Frequent titration of vasoactive drips
• Unstable blood pressures
• Frequent ABGs or labs
• Unable to obtain Non-invasive BP
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Supplies to Gather
• Arterial Catheter
• Pressure Tubing
• Pressure Cable
• Pressure Bag
• Flush – 500cc NS
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Supplies to Gather
• Sterile Gown (2)
• Sterile Towels (3)
• Sterile Gloves
• Suture (silk 2.0)
• Chlorhexidine Swabs
• Mask
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Leveling and Zeroing
• Leveling – Before/after insertion– If patient, bed or transducer move
• Zeroing – Performed before insertion & readings
• Level and zero at the insertion site
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Potential Complications Associated With Arterial Lines
• Hemorrhage
• Air Emboli
• Infection
• Altered Skin Integrity
• Impaired Circulation
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Documentation
• Insertion procedure note
• ABP readings as ordered
• Neurovascular checks every two hours(in musculoskeletal assessment of HED)
• Pressure line flush amounts (3ml/hr)
• Tubing and dressing changes
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Central Venous Pressure Assesses . . .
• Intravascular volume status
• Right ventricular function
• Patient response to drugs &/or fluids
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Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
• Central line or pulmonary artery catheter
• Normal values = 2 – 8 mm Hg
• Low CVP = hypovolemia or ↓ venous return
• High CVP = over hydration, ↑ venous return, or right-sided heart failure
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Leveling and Zeroing
• Leveling – Before/after insertion– After patient, bed or transducer move– Aligns transducer with catheter tip
• Zeroing – Performed before insertion & readings
• Level and zero transducer at the phlebostatic axis
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Phlebostatic Axis
• 4th intercostal space, mid-axillary line
• Level of the atria
(Edwards Lifesciences, n.d.)
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More on Leveling and Zeroing
• HOB 0 – 60 degrees
• No lateral positioning
• Phlebostatic axis with any position (dotted line)
(Edwards Lifesciences, n.d.)
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Dynamic Flush
Dynamic flush ensures the integrity of the pressure tubing system. Notice how it ascends - forms a square pattern - and bounces below the baseline before returning to the original waveform.•Check dynamic flush after zeroing any pressure tubing system
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System Maintenance
• Change tubing and fluid bag q 96hrs
• No pressors through CVP port
• Antibiotics, NS boluses, blood, & IV pushes are allowed through the CVP line
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Troubleshooting
• Improper set-up and equipment malfunction are the primary causes for hemodynamic monitoring problems
• Retracing the set-up process or tubing (patient to monitor) may identify the problem and solution quickly
• Use your staff resources: Help All, Charge Nurse, Educator, Preceptors, MICU experts
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Troubleshooting
Damped Waveforms
Pressure bag inflated to 300 mmHg
Reposition extremity or patient
Verify appropriate scale
Flush or aspirate line
Check or replace module or cable
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Troubleshooting
Inability to obtain/zero waveform
Connections between cable & monitor
Position of stopcocks
Retry zeroing after above adjustments
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Continuous Airway Pressure (Ao)
• Also known as Paw, Ao
• Purpose:– Improves accuracy of hemodynamic
waveform measurements– Identification of end-expiration
• Positive waveform deflections = positive pressure ventilation
• Negative deflections = spontaneous inspiratory effort
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Supplies to Gather
• Pressure Cable
• Pressure Tubing
• Connector
(Edwards Lifesciences, n.d.)
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Setting up the Ao
• Discard infusion spike end & cap port
• Connect pressure tubing to vent tubing (using connector opposite heating cable)
• Connect cables • Zero the tubing (leveling not necessary)
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Troubleshooting Ao
• Do not prime tubing with fluids!
• Damping will occur with fluid or secretions
• To evacuate any fluids, disconnect pressure tubing from vent tubing and push air through the pressure tubing with a 10 ml syringe connected at one end until fluid-free
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1) Record Ao and CVP on the same strip2) Find end-expiration by drawing a vertical line with a
straight edge 200 ms prior to the rise or dip in Ao (1 large box) associated with a breath.
3) Draw a horizontal line through the visually assessed average vascular pressure starting at end-expiration going backward 200 ms (1 large box).
4) Read the pressure at the horizontal line.
Pressure Measurement
151510 10
5500
-5-5CVP=13 CVP=13
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200 ms200 ms
Assist-ControlAssist-Control
AoAo
CVP CVP
{{
200 ms200 ms
{{
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CPAP with Pressure SupportCPAP with Pressure Support
AoAo
CVPCVP
200 ms200 ms
{{
200 ms200 ms
{{
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CPAP without Pressure SupportCPAP without Pressure Support
AoAo
CVPCVP
200 200 msms200 200 msms
{
200 ms200 ms
{{
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403020100
-10
Incorrect method!This point was identified as end-expiration for a pt. who did not have an Ao set up.
Correct method!30 sec after the above tracing, Ao was added & true end-expiration clearly identified.
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4040303020201010
00-10-10
Same patient 20 minutes later
4040303020201010
00-10-10
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151510 10
5500
-5-5
CVP=13
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Summary
•Record Ao with CVP
•Read mean CVP at end-expiration as described. No need read vascular pressure at any particular time in the cardiac cycle
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Documentation of CVP
• Include on waveform strip – Position of the HOB– Vasopressors and rates– Amount of PEEP– Scale– CVP measurement– Signature of the nurse
(post in green chart behind graphics tab)
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References & Resources
Burns, S. M. (2004). Continuous airway pressure monitoring. Critical Care Nurse, 24(6), 70-74.
Chulay, M., & Burns, S. M. (2006). AACN Essentials of critical care. McGraw-Hill: New York.
Edwards. (2006). Pulmonary Artery Catheter Educational Project. http://www.pacep.org
Edwards Lifesciences. (n.d.) Educational videos. www.edwards.com
MICU Routine Practice Guidelines. www.vanderbiltmicu.com
MICU Bedside Resource Books
MICU Education Kits (Red cart in conference room)
MICU Preceptors, Help All Nurses, & Charge Nurses
VUMC policies. http://vumcpolicies.mc.vanderbilt.edu