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DATE: 15TH September 2011

MICROPROCESS

ORS ANDMICRO

CONTROLLERS

LAB REPORTSUBMITTED BY

RESHMA BABU &

RAVURI ASWANI

GROUP NO: 7

BATCH: B


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SEMESTER: 5

EXPERIMENT NO:14th August 2011

FAMILIARISATION OF MICROPROCESSOR TRAINER

KIT

AIM

To familiarize with 8086 microprocessor trainer kit having in-built assembler

MATERIALS REQUIRED

8086 microprocessor trainer kit, PC

PROCEDURE

Steps in setting up the kit and burning the code into it.

On the keyboard of the kit

Type BU and then press ENTER

Wait for a ? to be displayed

Type 5 and ENTER

Then type SI 1000 and ENTER

You will see the message serial input on it

Now go to the PC

Write the program on the notepad and save as asm file in bin directory.

Open command prompt

Type cd

Type EDIT

Type ml

Type DEBUG then press ENTER

Type -n

Type -wcs:1000 to write the code segment

Type -q to quit the debugging

Then type DATACOM

Set the default parameters in the window that appears

Then transmit the filename.bin

Wait till the data is send to the kit


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On the kit type GO 1000 to start executing, now we can see the outputs from

the required ports

RESULT :Hence we are familiarized with the microprocessors trainer kit.


ADDITION OF TWO 32-BIT NUMBERS

AIM

To write a program to add two 32-bit numbers in memory and store back the

result

MATERIALS REQUIRED: 8086 MP trainer kit, PC.

PROGRAM:

.MODEL SMALL

.CODE

.STARTUP

ORG 1000H

MOV SI, 5032H ; setting the initial memory location

MOV AL, [SI] ;

MOV AH, [SI+1] ; reading lower word of first number

MOV BL, [SI+4]

MOV BH, [SI+5] ; reading lower word of second number

ADD AX, BX; adding the lower words

MOV [SI+8], AL

MOV [SI+9], AH ; store the result in memory

;carry holds the overflow

MOV AL, [SI+2]

MOV AH, [SI+3] ; reading higher word of first number

MOV BL, [SI+6]

MOV BH, [SI+7] ; reading higher word of second number


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ADC AX, BX ;adding the higher words with carry

MOV [SI+10], AL

MOV[SI+11] ,AH ;STORE THE RESULTS IN MEMORY

MOV AX,0000H

ADC AX,0000H

MOV [SI+12],AL ;STORE OVERFLOW IN MEMORY

.EXIT

END

PROCEDURE

ENTER THE PROGRAM FROM LOCATON 1000H

ENTER DATE IN MEMORY LOCATIONS 5032H TO 5039H

EXECUTE program and verify results

INPUT

5032H-01

5033H-04

5034H-04

5035H-03

5036H-03

5037H-02

5038H-03

5039H-05

OUTPUT

503AH-04

503BH-06

503CH-07

503DH-08


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EXPERIMENT NO 3:4th August 2011

GENERATION OF TRIANGULAR WAVEFORM USING

DAC CARD

AIM: To write a program to generate triangular waveform using DAC card

and 8086

MATERIALS REQUIRED: 8086 microprocessor trainer kit, CRO, PC, DAC

card

PROGRAM:

.MODEL SMALL;program to generate triangular waveform on a DAC board

.CODE

.STARTUP

ORG 1000H ;origin set at location 1000h

MOV AL,00H ;set the initial value to 0

INCR:OUT 0C8H,AL ;output the value in al to

DAC2

CALL DELAY ;provide necessary delay

INC AL ;increment the value

CMP AL,0FFH ;check if the value is

maximum

;if maximum start

decrementing

JNZ INCR ;if value is not maximum

continue incrementing

DECR:OUT 0C8H,AL ;output the value in al to DAC2


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CALL DELAY ;provide necessary delay

DEC AL ;decrement the value

CMP AL,00H ;check if the value is minimum

;if minimum start increment

JNZ DECR ;if value is not minimum

continue decrementing

JMP INCR ;if value is minimum start

incrementing

DELAY PROC NEAR ;delay program

MOV CX,09H ;set the count value to 9 for

small delay

HERE:LOOP HERE ;loop for count number of times

RET ;return to the main function

DISPLAY ENDP ;end the delay program

.EXIT

END

PROCEDURE:

Enter the program in memory locations starting from 1000H

Execute the program and verify the output from the CRO

OBSERVATION:


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RESULT: Triangular waveform has been generated using 8086 and DAC card


ADDITION OF TWO 64 BIT NUMBERSAIM

To write a program to add two 64 bit numbers in 8051 simulator

REQUIREMENTS

8051 trainer kit and Connecting probes

THEORY

8051 is an 8 bit microcontroller. It has 128 bits of RAM 4 bytes of on chip ROM, 2 timers one

serial port and 4 ports all on a single chip. Both the timers are 16 bits wide and SETB & CLR

instructions can be used to stop and start the timer.

Steps to use 8051 trainer kit and simulator


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Go to Digitickx, a window will pop out

Give project name, location and select debugger

Go to file> new, select asm file and give file name and location.

Type the code in the white space provided

Go to Build>Build sample.hex

Then go to project settings to select the way of display of out, either in the PC or

8051 kit.

If the result to be displayed in the kit, for downloading the code select Debug with

Digitickx51-C Debugger.

Debugging can be done by selecting Debug> Step over, result of each register,

memory etc can be examined.

PROGRAM

ORG 0000H

MAIN: MOV R0,#030H ;set the start location of first number

MOV R1,#050H ;set the start location of second number

MOV R2,#08H ;set the number of bytes

MOV A,#55H ;highest byte of the first number

MOV B,#66H ;highest byte of the second number

ADD A,#00H ;clear the accumulator

;store the 64 bit numbers in memory

AGN: MOV @R0,B ;higher byte of the first number is stored

MOV @R1,A ;higher byte of the second number is stored

INC R0 ;increment the location of first number

INC R1 ;increment the location of second number

DEC A ;decrement the first number byte

DEC B ;decrement the second number byte

DJNZ R2,AGN ;loop for 8 times to write2 64 nit numbers

DEC R0 ;point to the LSB for first number

DEC R1 ;point to the MSB for second number

SETB PSW.3 ;select the 4th register number

MOV R0,#77H ;set the memory location for answer


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CLR PSW.3 ;select the default register bank

MOV R2,#08H ; set the number of bytes

; add the two 64 bit numbers

RST: MOV A,@R1 ; read the byte of second number

ADDC A,@R0 ; add with the corresponding byte of first number

SETB PSW.3 ;select the fourth register bank

MOV @R0,A ;store the byte result in corresponding location of result

DEC R0 ;decrement the location for the result location

CLR PSW.3 ;select the default register bank

DEC R0 ;decrement the location for the first number byte

DEC R1 ;decrement the location for the second number byte

DJNZ R2,RST ;loop for 8 times

END

RESULT

64 Bit addition has been performed and output has been verified


GENERATION OF SQUARE WAVE

AIM

To write a program to generate a square wave using timer and interrupts in 8051

REQUIREMENTS

8051 trainer kit

THEORY

8051 is an 8 bit microcontroller. It has 128 bits of RAM 4 bytes of on chip ROM, 2 timers one

serial port and 4 ports all on a single chip. Both the timers are 16 bits wide and SETB & CLR

instructions can be used to stop and start the timer.


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Out of the 6 interrupts, 2 external hardware interrupts are set aside for the timers. The

count value is given to the timer registers and in the interrupt enable mode when the count

reaches, the program will go automatically to the interrupt vector assigned for the timers.

PROGRAM

ORG 0000H ;set the origin to zero

MAIN: LJMP START ;jump to the main routine

ORG 001BH ;isr location for the timer interrupt

LJMP ISR_T1 ;jump to subroutine to complement the output pin

ORG 0030H ;location of main routine

;main routine starts here

START:MOV TMOD,#10H ;set the timer 1

MOV IE,#88H ;interrupt enable for timer1

MOV TL1,#0FFH

MOV TH1,#0FFH ;count values for the timer

SETB TCON.6 ;start timer

BACK: SJMP BACK ;loop here

;isr to stop timer, complement the pin and again setting the

timer

ISR_T1: CLR TCON.6 ;stop timer

CPL P2.3 ;complement output

MOV TL1,#0FFH

MOV TH1,#0FFH ;provide count values for the timer

SETB TCON.6 ;start the time

RETI ;return from interrupt

END

OBSERVATION:

Frequency: 15Hz

RESULT:


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Square wave output has been generated and wave is as shown:-

EXPERIMENT NO: 6DATE: 18TH AUGUST 2011

SINGLE DIGIT CALCULATOR

AIM: To design single digit calculator using 8279 interface board.

MATERIALS REQUIRED: 8086 trainer kit, 8279 interface board

PROGRAM

FOR ADDITION


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ORG 1000H ;origin set at location 1000H

MOV DI, 5000H

MOV AL, 0CH ;storing seven segment code of 0 into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 9FH ; storing seven segment code of 1 into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 4AH ; storing seven segment code of 2 into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 0BH ; storing seven segment code of 3 into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 99H ; storing seven segment code of 4 into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI


MOV [DI], AL

INC DI


MOV [DI], AL

INC DI


MOV [DI], AL


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INC DI

MOV AL, 08 ; storing seven segment code of 8 into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI


MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 88H ; storing seven segment code of A into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 38H ; storing seven segment code of B into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 6CH ; storing seven segment code of C into AL

MOV [DI], AL;

INC DI;

MOV AL, 1AH ; storing seven segment code of D into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 68H ; storing seven segment code of E into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 0E8H ; storing seven segment code of F into AL

MOV [DI], AL;

MOV AL, 0 ; word for display ram, right entry


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OUT CNTR, AL ;send it control register

MOV AL, 3EH ;word to divide clock freq by 30

OUT CNTR, AL ;send to control register

MOV AL, 0CCH ;word to clear display


MOV AL, 90H ;word to write display ram


MOV CX, 08 ;counter

MOV AL, 0FFH ;data to blank out display

AGN: OUT DATR, AL ;send to data register

LOOP AGN ;repeat for 8 digits

MOV DI, 7000H

REPP:MOV SI, 5000H

IN AL, CNTR

TEST AL, 07

JZ REPP

MOV AL, 40H

OUT CNTR, AL

IN AL, DATR

AND AL, 0FH

MOV BL, AL

MOV BH, 0

MOV [DI], BX

INC DI

INC DI


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MOV DL, 0CH

CMP BL, DL

JZ RES

DISP: MOV AX, SI

ADD AX, BX

MOV SI, AX

MOV AL, [SI] ;take corresponding display code

OUT DATR, AL ;send to data register

JMP REPP

RES: MOV CX, 08H ;counter

MOV AL, 0FFH ;send max value into AL

AGAIN:OUT DATR, AL ;send it to data register

LOOP AGAIN;

MOV AX, [7002H];

MOV CX, 0AH

CMP AX, CX

JZ AD

AD: MOV BX, 7000H

MOV AX, 0

ADD AX, [BX]

MOV BX, 7004H

ADD AX, [BX]

MOV CX, SI

MOV SI, 7006H

MOV [SI], AX


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MOV SI, CX

JMP CONV

CONV: MOV BX, 7006H

MOV AX, 0

ADD AX, [BX]

MOV DX, 0

MOV CX, 10H

REPEA: DIV CX

PUSH DX

MOV DX, 0

INC COUNT

CMP AX, 0

JNE REPEA

DISPL: MOV SI, 5000H

POP DX

MOV AX, SI

ADD AX, DX

MOV SI, AX



DEC COUNT

JNZ DISPL

.EXIT

END

FOR SUBTRACTION


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.MODEL SMALL

.DATA

DATR EQU 0C0H ;address of data register

CNTR EQU 0C2H; ;address of control register

COUNT DB 0

.CODE

.STARTUP

MOV AL, 0CH ;storing seven segment code of 0 into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI


MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 4AH ; storing seven segment code of 2 into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 0BH ; storing seven segment code of 3 into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI


MOV [DI], AL

INC DI


MOV [DI], AL

INC DI


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MOV [DI], AL

INC DI


MOV [DI], AL

INC DI


MOV [DI], AL

INC DI


MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 88H ; storing seven segment code of A into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 38H ; storing seven segment code of B into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 6CH ; storing seven segment code of C into AL

MOV [DI], AL;

INC DI;

MOV AL, 1AH ; storing seven segment code of D into AL

MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 68H ; storing seven segment code of E into AL


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MOV [DI], AL

INC DI

MOV AL, 0E8H ; storing seven segment code of F into AL

MOV [DI], AL

MOV AL, 0 ;word for display ram, right entry

OUT CNTR, AL ;send it control register

MOV AL, 3EH ;word to divide clock frequency by 30


MOV AL, 0CCH ;word to clear display


MOV AL, 90H; word to write display ram


MOV CX, 08 ;counter

MOV AL, 0FFH ;data to blank out display

AGN: OUT DATR, AL;send to data register

LOOP AGN ;repeat for 8 digits

MOV DI, 7000H;

REPP:MOV SI, 5000H

IN AL, CNTR

TEST AL, 07

JZ REPP

MOV AL, 40H

OUT CNTR, AL

IN AL, DATR

AND AL, 0FH


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MOV BL, AL

MOV BH, 0

MOV [DI], BX

INC DI

INC DI

MOV DL, 0CH

CMP BL, DL

JZ RES

DISP: MOV AX, SI

ADD AX, BX

MOV SI, AX



JMP REPP

RES: MOV CX, 08H

MOV AL, 0FFH

AGAIN: OUT DATR, AL

LOOP AGAIN

MOV AX, [7002H]

MOV CX, 0BH

CMP AX, CX

JZ SU

SU: MOV BX, 7000H

MOV AX, 0


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ADD AX, [BX]

MOV BX, 7004H

SUB AX, [BX]

MOV CX, SI

MOV SI, 7006H

MOV [SI], AX

MOV SI, CX

JMP CONV

CONV: MOV BX, 7006H

MOV AX, 0

ADD AX, [BX]

MOV DX, 0

MOV CX, 10H

REPEA: DIV CX

PUSH DX

MOV DX, 0

INC COUNT

CMP AX, 0

JNE REPEA

DISPL: MOV SI, 5000H

POP DX

MOV AX, SI

ADD AX, DX

MOV SI, AX


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MOV AL, [SI] ; take corresponding display code

OUT DATR, AL ; send to data register

DEC COUNT

JNZ DISPL

.EXIT

END

PROCEDURE:

8279 interface board is used as a calculator. The user can input any of the

digits from 0 to 9 as numbers. Key A is used for addition. B for subtraction

and c to see the result. The result should be in decimals.

INPUT OUTPUT

3 A 5 C 8

2 A 4 C 6

7 B 3 C 4

9 B 6 C 3

EXPERIMENT NO: 7

25TH August 2011

DANCING LEDs

AIM

To generate waveforms of different frequencies using 8253 timer by which

dancing LEDs are observed.

MATERIALS REQUIRED


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8086 trainer kit, 8253 timer board with manual, Bread board, CRO and LEDs.

PROGRAM:

.MODEL SMALL

.DATA

CR EQU 0CEH ; address of control register

CNT0 EQU 0C8H ; address of counter0

CNT1 EQU 0CAH ; address of counter1

CNT2 EQU 0CCH ; address of counter2

.CODE

.START UP

MOV AL, 37H ; control word to use counter0

OUT CR, AL ; send control word to control register

MOV AX, 10H ; load count= 10H

OUT CNT0, AL ; send low byte of count to counter0

MOV AL, AH ; move high byte of count to AL

OUT CNT0, AL ; send high byte of count to counter0

MOV AL, 77H ; control word to use counter


MOV AX, 100H ; load count= 100H



OUT CNT1, AL ; send high byte of count to counter 1

MOV AL, 0B7H ; control word to use counter2



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MOV AX, 1000H ; load count= 1000 in AX



OUT CNT2, AL ; send high byte of count to counter2

END

EXPLANATION

With this program, counter 0 divides input frequency by 10, counter 1

by 100 and counter 2 by 1000. We have used the BCD of bit D0 (=1)of the

control word, and so used the numbers 10H, 100H and 1000H as a count for

the three cases. The control words of the three counters would be 37H,77H

and 0B7H.

PROCEDURE

Establish connections with 8086 microprocessor and 8253 timer.

Give the output of the 8253 timer to the LEDs.

Enter the program in the memory location starting from 1000H.

Execute the program and observe the square waveforms and the dancingLEDs.


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OBSERVATIONS: Square waveforms of different frequencies are observed

on the CRO as shown below.

RESULT:

The waveforms of different frequencies are observed on the CRO and the

resulting dancing format of LEDs is observed.

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