henÉ - avcr.cz · tect.ouic evolul, ioll oť sout.llpru pil.rt, of i ff' cbit is coui.rollpd...
TRANSCRIPT
..-\C1',\ �1C):\Tc\l'\.\ IRS:\I .\S CH II�'''�J) S,.,.,,,C\0:o.14ťll'i).,'>1 !"
PETROGENESIS OF GRANITOIDS OF THE ČERVENÁ
TYPE (CENTRAL BOHEMIAN PLUTONIC COMPLEX)
�'IILOŠ HENÉ
l,,,litlll.· nf Hnck Stn,cIIIJ'<· ""d :\lp,·I.",u.·,. A.·"dr·II'.\' nf S.·ip,,..,·, nf (''lP.·I. H"I",I"i •.
1112 U�) Pr"I;"P �. 'Ii Hol'·"l\'ii'ki,d, ·11. ('7,.··.·1, 1� •. I"")li •.
AB�TRACT. 'I'llt" Červenil type graJljtoid� ř-U'(' řL part nf Jl I'olnpo:--,itc-' 11l:tf!,llIil,tic nHIIpl(-'x or ViLl'israll :tge ť-"l"lIplarpd ill řL dllrtilf-"' sltc .... ar Z(IIIf' Oll tlll' IHlIlIld;u'Y nf tlH' H/,IleluiClllLl and tll(-> lVloldallllbiitll tC'I'I'aJIt-'�. Hy tLIt-·j,. dll'lllil";-t! l'cllupo:-,itilJlI. illt-,,\, ;t!'P do:-.t-'�t to t ll(' hybrid g;rallitt-':-. (H-grallib .... s). Tllt-'il' origill i:-. a:-':-'fwi;-dc·d with tllt-' pl'Oce��t'� nf [njxing ol' tht-' rlifi"f-'I't-'ntiaterl. hibh-pnta:...:...illlll. Illallllt-'-df .... l'ivc .... d JIl;l�IJJa:-.. H:-.:-.iJujlatioll with ltH-'tavolcanir:-. alle! 11lt-'tiL�t-!diIlIPUt:-. ol' tlH' IIPp/-'1' (Tll:..! :llld witll :"111,_ �eqllt'nt ('>x(en�iv� !IClIllO!:/-'lIi:"ittioll ol' (lit' bl'řuutic llll'lt.
I. INTfWDlJCTION
('eut.ra! SOht'lllii'l1l PllIt.ollir C'olllplpx (C'BPC') is rl hrgp rOlllposilp 111<lgllli\1 ie houy t.bat occupies i'llld t'xt.ellsive <lI'eél (:\200 kll I") iJpt \1'('(>11 Prnglle alld 1 \1;IIO\·.v (Holllh. j\lél,cllart, aut! Mi'lIlOd, 1097). TlIP C'elll ral [lOI]('llli;1I1 Pllllollir ('ol'lplex repn'seut,s ill it.s COlllposit.ioll olle 1'1'0111 tlIP Illost dirrerellliat('d Illaglllatic iJod." of Vélrisci'lll agpOII tlw telTitory 01'111/' BolH'lllirlll �lrlssif(Fig.I), Tll<' 1II0sI \I'id('spn'rld roek types are !lOrIlbleuue-hiotile grrlllodioriles. COlllpleIIIPIJI('d hl' iJiotite grallilps, t.ollalites, l1Jelagrauit.es élUU IllplasY('llites. (;řlbhros. aloug \Vit,1I a ", ide ;;uite ol' d.l·ke rocks ol' preclollliualltly iut.el'llwelial,e to Illafir cOlllposil,ioll (1IIinog;lhhro;;. Illirrodioril,es, liI, lllprophyres) elllpllrlsis(> I"/IP diversily ol' IIIP C'(1I'( '.
Gri'lllit.oit!s of t.ll(' ('prveu� 1.\lIH' occllr <llollg I liP SOli t.1 1f'1'I I alld SOlil 11-('i'lstr'l"ll horcler ol' cspe. w lwre I I/{'.v čHP ľrpCjIJ('lllly Col in I Pel pa rallel I () I I I/' COl JI ;lrl. wi t.11 gllPiss(>s aucl lIliglllat.it.es or t.ll p Molelallllhiall zolle. r\s ('pl'\'pmí grallodioril,ps (\Vil II a lesspr port.ioll oflllcJlJzogr<llIit(,s alld loualil,es) pass gradllall.v iuto rplat.il·('I. 1" 1IOIIIOgPllt'OIIS Blat.lIR Illonzogranites t.o grauoeliorit.ps fúrtlJ('r to UCHl li. I II/' ('('I'\'ell;1 I'ypp is SOIIJ('t. i lIWS regardť-'cI as i'l Illa,rgil1řtl rarips or tlJ(> Blat lIří ilJll'Ilsiou (I\oclylll aud Suk. 1 DG(: Maleclla. Sllk and VaclIll. 1%0). Bol, 11 typt'S arl' ill(IPecl 1ll/'lllIlPró< ol' I 1](-' Salllt' ;;llile of bigh-pot,assilllll to sllOsllOlIitir gralliloids (HI\ grollp 11(1111). \Iarl!nrl nllcl MallovR, 1997).
Granitoicls of t.he Cer\lelJ� type \Vprl' estahlisllPd 'III illdppellclPll1 pplrograpl.lic t.ype by Vrball (HJ:10) ancl their nreal ext.cllt is tllollghl to iJp aholll IHG klll:.! (IIolllh, Mřlcllřlrt allt! Mallov�., 1097). TIJt'y \Verp slIhjerl ol' il sl'ri(>s ol' pel rogPlJt't.ic st Ildips.
82
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31»:-:-1 10 � +[I]]ll] 11 f»:I 50IIJ 12 E3 f. riTiliTil �
I\J.RENÉ
['J
FIG.I. Gť'ologic<ll ollllillP ol"lhe ('ť'III.ral BollPllliall 1'IIIIollic ('()]IIplex (aftť'r [Vlísař el '11.. 10ft!) 1 - Pertuo (';u'!>olli""I'OIlS �Pdjlllt-·Jll:-.. '2 I� ít',ítll,V řlllt! IlIal'gjJl;d typ"'" :\ - P07JlI'Y 1,'1)(". 4 - SAZhVh Iypp. !) I:llall1:' ""d 1\.1;.to\'y I.Vp��:-., f) ('pl'vPldt t.vPt-". -; - [idJIl!" ;lllcl ('l'rlovCl IJřt-'IIWIIO t yp"'" 8 S,..dli'illIY IYI"'. �J - I\.ozlo\"i ... , "lid 1\1"r>�o\"i,-,· t'·IH"'· 1U _ Cabbroic rock:... I I - Bt"llešo\' lypt'. 1'2 I )I'DI t�rtlz()it' alld LO\H"r Palf-"oznjc' !-.pctirllf'>lIt:-. (RohplninulI). 1:J - l\loldřtlllll.iall 'l,oll{-'.
RohliclJOviÍ (J 964) <lSSIIIIIť'd 111ť'1 asolllatic origill ol" I Ilis rock 1 \'1)(': lik('wise I-'ctli"cov;Í ( l965) revisť'd the original lllaglltatic Iltodel ol" OrlOl' (1�):\7) alld StpillorlJPr (19fi9)
<lcrord i ng t.o the cl<lssic;) I I rallsl"Ol "ll1 ist t.Jt('ories alld ("Ort IlC'd lIPW Illodel ol" origill or t.he IVhole CBPe tlll"OlIgh Illetalllorpllic 1I10hilizalioll ol" rorks ol" Ille j\lold<lllllhian zone. Tbe genetic Illo<lel 0(" Hiildicllov;Í (1%4) IV<lS laler rl'vispd alj(J dis("i-\I"(letl Oll I.Jt e basis ofdet.ailpd pel.rologic;11 (Sollček. l%\): ID7:1) alld !!}'()cllelllical sllldips (Nekul<l. 1986: iV[plíu. 198R).
A llť'1V stilli1datioll ("or tlw sl lid.,' ol" l Iiis rock IypI' lVas Ill"OI'idecl hy tllt> discoI"I-'r.,· of" IIr<llliuIII Illineralizatioll alld slIhseqU('lll pxplorat i011 I"or IIl"rlllilllll ()\"('S lIP;-U" \alJOšíll and Mečichov, soutll of Blatllá. Thť' exploratioll f"or Ilrallilllll orps Iras calTipd 0111 hpI Wť'ell 1077 alld 198R alld i II voll'pd tl ri Ilillg of" 111<1 ll}" ho\"('llolps to I lit> clť'pl li of" 1:)0-600 III aud caving of" Ille Naliošíll prospect pit. to I II(' dPJlI li ol" U)(l III (Litocldpb ;Jlld I\ot.lovský. 1(88). T1IP pxploratioll also inrludpd sl Ildies ol" Illilll'ral ("()lllposil iOIl ol" t!Je Blat-lIfl allcl C'erveu;Í gr<lllodiorilps (Kllotek alld Lauf!,. 191'lG). TIIt> geoclll'l'lic<l1 i'lna.lyses discIIsspd in t,his Jl<lppr a\"(' also parl.l .v haspd Oll I III' 1 pchllic;.]1 ;1l1d <I. II a 1.1" I icctl 1V0rks relat.ed t.o 1.lw exploratioll 0(" Ilr<lllllllll orps (Lilocllleh. Novick;'l alld HI<I";)('ek,
PETRO(:ENJ:;S/"; OP <:R.,\N/TO/DS OF TIIE ('ER\·EN.� rYPE 8J
1984). Aim ol' this st,udy is 10 slJOIV that g/'rtuitoids of III<-' ('prn'lIi-Í Iypp rpp/,('se/lt a1l iudependeut roek t,ype iu tlte grollp oj' iJigll-pol:lssilllll grrtuiloids ol' tliP ('HI'('.
'2. (;EOLOGIC.-\L SETTING
Grrtnit.oids of the Cervená Iype 1'01'111 a ZOI 1<-'. :2 t.o 10 l{fll \Vide. M Ille sOlltlwru and sout.h-east.ern bordel' of CBPe (Fig. 1). SOlltllwpsle/'1J IIlrtrgiu or tlJP CBP(, is fOl'lnecl by t.\VO apophysps, a Wf'stpru Koliuf'c rtpopllysis rtll(J ;)/1 Pilslprll Ho/'y :\Ial ky Boží apophysis . bol.11 of I',belll hf'iug coullPctf'd iu t,lff' ('11<-1l1ovicp orf'slJOol, Wide zone of pearl gneisses al/cl IIliglllMi1.ps is dpvploppd :tl cOlJtact ol' ('pr\"pU<1 illlrllsiou wit.1! Moldil.l1l1hiall lI/1it,. Griluiloids of tlle C'P/'\'PU:1IypP a/'t' folialt'd p:Hilllpl 10 l!Je cont.act". wit-ll t,he acljil . cent gllpisses :I/Jd parilllpl wil II tllP IIlet,aulorpllic strllclllrf'S of il. rocks oI' t.!Je Moldil.llubi:'lIl zolle. Locally frp<jUt'ul III<-1fic f'udrtvf'S cOITPspoud to biot.it.e-hornblendf' diorit.e, II10llzollite alld, 1II0rp r:Hely, 10 IIIPI:1S\'euilC' (Solll-ek. 1971; Holuh, Macbarl and Mailová, ]997).
Tect.ouic evolul, ioll oť sout.llPru pil.rt, of I I ff' CBIT is couI.rollpd 1)\: E- W, \\\._ SE aucI N -S trf'ndiug joinl' systellls. The IlIosl {'xj>J'('ssi\'(, syslelll of subpar:tllf'1 joiut.s ancl joiul, SySt.eUIS st, rikes E- W aucl is parallpl witll III<-' Q-joiul,s or tllP t";r<-1Uite t.ect.ouics in this part of tll<-' IIlrtglllat.ic hody . .Joiuls ol' tlJis S\ 'stPIII, \Vllicll :It places f01'l1l sout. ll-clippiug fracl, IIJ'(' zOUPS s('v('r:tI 1 ('I1S of I/lplp/,,, I Ilick. :1I'P orlpu (illed hy 1il.lJlpropbyre clykps il.1Ic1 hy otllC'r dvkp rocks (porpll.vrv, ;lplil('. peglll:ll il!'). Tlle lellgth of t.llP 1<lllIpropllyrp <llId aplil,p d.vkps 1'(':lclle,.; lip lo!i klil (\'ejllrtr. lD.)LI). OceurrelJcPs a,lJcI sllJ:J1I uralliUl1I ore dpposil,s ol' 1I1C'!:1S01Ilal ie aud \'pin-type IIril. lIiullI milleralizat,ion arp associa!et! lVilll tlle yOlluger, N -s IrPlIdillg joiut s.\·sIPI/ls (Litochleb aud [(otlovský, 19RR). Tlwse joiuts arp iu spvpr:J! nts('s illtilled h. \· '111:1/'1 Z veins. The NW -SE t,reuding joiul. syslellis. \Vbiell ilrf' illhllpd hy IlIylouiliz('d ;llId l!ydrot,IJennally il.ltered gl'il. uiloids rtucl locally "Iso by c:1rh(>IJ:t1e-slllphide 110,.;1 pel Illilleralizil.tioll, a. re (.lle youllgesl.
Oll t,11P hrtsis ol' fiť'ld relatious. liJp Cerveu;-Í :1/1(1 Blal U:1 Iype,.; ol' gra.uiloid ,� :tJ'(' older tbil.ll (,be Certovo břpllieuo I.ypp IIlelagrillJitč's aud II/ela.syruites and yOIlIJt";PI' thil.n t,lIe Sázava type qllart.z diorites, tOlJrtlites to granodioril,es. Tlw gr:1tIiloids of t.he Cerveu;-Í t.ype show gradllil.1 tralJsil, ious iuto t.IIP BIMuá lype III(lllzograuiles t,o granodiorit.es hllt. sharp c(ml',acls also oeu1sioually OCCI/l' ( I-':odylll aud SlIk. IW>II).
For t,I](' Blrtl.u:1 ilJtrllsioll. \'il.11 RreellIPll pI, al. (I !JII:2) alHI Belldl :Jud Vokurka (19110) obl ailled Rb-Sr \VR ages :l:11 ±LI Mrt aud :{;\1 ± U 1\1<-1 n'sl)('el i\'pl.)", Tbe l/losl rC'C('lJt zircou eva,porrt t.iou da I ing yiplded il.U age of :\4 Ci ± ] O Ma. (110111 h, ('ocllprie :J IHI Bossi, 1997) .
Hol u b, CoclJerif' alJcl R ossí (Hl9/) proposed 1:lrge-sc:J!e nllsl:tI ('xl ('usiou i II I bp Moldil.lll1biil. n hlock durillg (,lIP EMI.y C'Mhouiferous for I lIP f'lIlpl:Jc('IIlt'UI ol' llle
I/Jafie t.o gril.uit, ic IIlrtglllrt of Llw C'BPC-. Tbis exlplJsioll \v()JJld "a\'e hCPIJ :Jssocial,ed
wit.!J IlllgIJJil. t.izatiou :lJjd occrtsiourtl dry IIIPlliug. Accordillg Lo lllis ll/odel. 1 be
pearl gneisses řlnd Illigll la t.it,ps a IOllg SOli Iberll a.ud SOli t, IJ-easf.eru hordC'rs ol' Che CBPC represellt. origillally deeper alld bot.ter rock cOlllplexes exltl/llled dllrillg lij(' extension, tllat, cOldd hil.vp beell responsi hlf' for I liP ('VOlili iOIl or t,lw gplJPr:tl .\ \ \'dippiug foliat,ioll plaues in t.lw IIIet.alllorpllic rocks of IIIP Ivloldal/llbiall zoue.
84 i\ I.HEt'É
:{. PETROC;RAPHY
(;r�lIitoids of tlw ('PI'\"'IIA typl' arl' Illostl\' IIWdillll1 p;rHillf'd 10 CO;HSI' p;r;lilwd pqlligralllll�r to slightly porph.nit ie da.rk gre.\· ;]lId h\;lCk gn''y rork,;. Tll<' 1I1;I.jor rock fonlliug IIlilH'ntls are qllHrt z. fpldspHrs. hiol it I' rllld Ilorllhklld('. (\)fJ1 "III of thp dark IJlinerals (biotit" ;lIld lrorllbll'l](ll') is Oll rl\"('rap;1' I G I:) 'Ic. Tlw "iz,' ol' illdi\'idllal llliIJPrals a\'erages 1)('1\\'pell (J.L to 10111111. 1'01 H""i III II fc'ld"pars SOllll'lillles for II I porphyritic pllf'lIonysts. C;rallitoids ol' 1 111' C'prvPII;í Iypp ('()fit ;lillS JI losl ly l'oIialpc.! Iypes. with prefpJT,'d oriPlltHI iOIl or Ilw dark IIlilH'r;lis. III tlrp dirt'clioll 10 I lIP borc.!er wil h pearl glll'isst's alJ(1 IlIiglllatilps of tllP i\lold;lllllhiall Will' pul Oll l\'eip;llt tlie rOllleut of lllafic IllilH'ra.ls. QII�rlz is aulH'dral rtlld IIsII;III.\· Ipls řl sligbl 1 0 IIlodera({' undulose extinrtioll. Tlw size of ils graills is O.G :1111111. I'olassilllll f"l"spar is also alllH'dral. 10-1G 111111 anoss. l'lagioclilsc' forllls 11.I·pidiolllorpllic 10 idiolllorpllie t'l'ol\'('d graius wil!J SOli 1('1 illf{'s IV(,II dl'\'plop('d pol.ni,\·1I 1 IrpI ic rJlhilp IlI'illllillg. I'lagioel1\st' slrows a IVide rrJlIg(' ill hasieity (Au:!:! III ) ' willl corps ;1 I lI'a,\'s IlPillp; 11I()f'!, h�sic Ulall Ihp rillls (1-':lIolek alld Lallg, IDHG). TI,,· 1110,,1 ľrpqllc'IIII\' r,'pr('s('IJlC'd plagioclases arp t,lrose ",illr AII:lIl :!" \·;t1up. Biol il" is sigllilic;UIII,\' pl('ochroic: il i" pilip y!'lIow-hrolVu parall!'1 10 X alld dark bro\\'1I 1 0 n'd hro\\'11 10 Y alld Z. For hiotitp ol' tllP ('prwllr'í. Iyp(' an' I,\'pintl iuclllSiolls (JI' ap;11 ill' al,,1 ZiITOII. r\lIlpbihole (lrell'llblpllde (O 1\cl illOlil ic lrorllhIPlld,,) Ira" ,,"hlrpdr;li 1'011111111". o.:) to :\ 111111 ill 1C'llgllJ. i\liuor proportioll ol' rliuopyrox,'IIP i" ;liso sOIIJC'lilll('S prpsPIlI. ,\CCc'ssor,\' Illillerals are represt'ut<,d hy Zil,(, OIl, aprtlil('. allallil(' ;]1,,1 spllC'IIf', lI'illr \'rl 1'\ iug alllOllul ol' sclreelit,e. TllPir qll�IJI il al iw proportioll IVas sl IIdi!'d h,\' l\odYIIIO\';'1 ;j11(1 Vejllřlr (ID74). Tbe associ�1 iOll ol' ;\('('Pssory IIIilll'rnls ('OJTc'spollds to I hal IYJlic;tI ol'
IlJelal111lliuoIIS gnllliloids (11(-';1, I�H)(j). 1'11<' IIlodal cOIIIJ)()sitioll of' lir" ('(' j'\'(' I dl Iypc' grallil()ids ('OITC'SJl()lIds, ill ;I('c'or
dallce \Vil.11 IIIf' IU(;S cI�ssific;11 iOll , 10 gr;ILlodiorilc' IOIl;jlil(·. \"il" SOllle rlll;I\.I·S('S plot.tillg ill dle IIlouzograllilC', 'i"arlz IIIOIIZOllilp, (!il;trlz IIIOIIZ{)(lioril('. ql1;lrlz diorile alld IlIouzonill' fi('kls (Fig. 2). HpslIlls of' LI:) 1I10dal ;III;tlyse" w(>rp 1 ;lkc'lI ľrolll \'pjllar (19n), I-':uotek alld Laug (lD�G) aud ,\(,1,,111\ (ID (j). III ll1is dala ,,('1, ;1111-pllibolp was preseu( ill :lO alld clillopyroxelw Oldy ill 1'1 salllplp".
4. (;EOCIIEilIISTllY
For t.lris st,lIdy. sOIlIP:lO p"hlishc'd 1\lId III1Pllhlislwd IIlajor elt'lIlt'lLI all,tI,vsť'''; \\'('f'(' assPlllhlpd (VejlLa.r , 197:1; N<,kllla, 19t1G; iVlplíll, 1DXH alld SOllč·ko\'iÍ. I �)H9) alld Ilws(' \Vpre cOIllpleted h�1 Hi IIpwly ""HI" OUI'S (allřllysl .I. HOli::''''\. ('('111 1''11 Irlhoralor,\' of' tllf' lfrauil1llL IIIdllslry EIII('rprisp) 1'11C' <lllal.\·; ,;(·s of' IlJilill C'1(·lIl('lIt;.; \\'1'1'1' IlJi\(I(, hy X Pl,\' nllorps('('II('P spt'rtrollletl'\' Oll IIIP sp('clrolllc'lc'r Si""IC'II" SHS I. ('(lILl!'1I1 ol' wa.tpr \l'a.s detprlllillpd hy sl alldard IIJPlllod arll'r I'Pldi"ld 1\lId cOlllPIII ol' 17",0 \Vas delel'lllilll'd by tit,ra(iou artn I'rall (Tahlc· I ). III II", diagrr11l1 h�' .\Iallial' and Piccoli (1989) dividiJJg gn1llitoids into IIletallllllillOllS alld pprall,,"iuolIs I\'pps, (Ire Cel'venA t,y\W gralliloids plol at Ilw hOlllldar,v ol' hOl Ir Ilrps(' l,vpPs (Fig;.:\). !:ly I h(,ir aVPI'age AICN 1-': \ 'alllť' (allllllilla sal lII'al iOIl illdl'x, c'xpres;';e'd řlS ; ) 1111)\;11'
rrtt.io of' AI20:d(Na20 + 1-.:20 + ('aO) ) of 1 ,01. I !JI' gr;llIiloids ol ' III{' ('pr\'f'II;í 1 \'1)(' IwleJIIg to I-t.ype grallit,(,s ill 1 ,('I'I11S ol' c1ř1ssifical,iou of' ('!J;lpp(,1I i\lId Whilc' (1�)7/1).
PETROCENE";I"; OF r.HANITOID� OF THE ('EH\·EN.� TYPE
Q
A p
F](;. :2. f\IOdi'l1 cOlllposil i011 of I lj(' C('J'\,('II;í Iypl'
Tlle a"f'rage Aje TJ( valllP of' gralliloids of' C('I'\'loll'; Iype is 10\\'1'1' 111('ll tlw sallw \ 'i'lhlP ol ' 1I1011zogr;.).lIilp 10 gri'lllOdiorit(, ol' B];-\III'; Iypp (1.01) (Hpll(�,I�)9H). III liJ(' dii'lgr;')'111 hy Batc!Jelor i'lIHI Bo\Vdpll (198!í) I.be gri'llliloids of lllP ('prvell;.) Iypp plot at. the bOl.llldi'lry of pre-plal.p collisioll gr;')'llitps illld ol' I.!tp posl. collisioll Ilplirt fipld (Fig.4). [u 1(20 Vti. SiO:! c1i;.).gralll. I Iw ('P['\'PII;) 1.\·pP gri'llliloids fall i'll I.he hOlllHlary ol' lJigll-p01'.rlSSil.llll calc-i'llki'llil1(, alld sllosllOllilir Illaglllas. Higll 1\:/)jNřl:!O r;llios (aritlIIIIPI.ic IIWi'l1l = 1.:2:1) art' rllararleristir.
TbC' tri'lce t'lelllPlIl cOllt('uls 1I't'J'{' detpl'IllilWd i>y sl alldilrd X -ray flllores('('llrp slwrtrolllelry (all;.).lysl .J. .lrll1;.1{-kod. lflligl'o Osl nl\'r\ ' lahoralor.\' I1rJlo). tll(' H 1::1:; cOlllents were detel'lllillPd by IC'P-i\IS (aualvsl .J. Bplldl. '\lIal,\'libl Lid.). I1psides lltat. ;'l.lso rlllillyses frolll tlle III1Pllhlislled stlldies ol' Npkltla (1986). ;"1i'líll (191':/1) ;\Ild SOllčkov;.) ( 1989) \Verp IIspd. Tlw ccllltellt ol' II aud Tb lI'il" dplpl'llIillpd h.\· gillllllla sppclrolllPtry Ilsing i'l 1IIItlli rllillllll'l galllllla sl)('rlrolll('l('r '\fT .) ] 2 ill (;l'ol'.Yzika 111'110 Co. (rUlrllyst i\1. Sko\·ierol'i1).
Tll(' Č'erveu;.) t.ypP griluil.oiels i>l'lollg 10 poorly dif!'er('lIliill('d gr;lllites ill Ilw I{b Ba-Sr eliscrilllill;.).t.ioll diagr;\111 afler I�I BOllseil.\ illld CI Sokkal'\' (197.1). III IIIP disrrilllill;.).lioll diagralll ,dlel' P('rll,(,(, el al. (IDHLI) IIIC' grillliloids of ' Ilw CPI'\'PIU) type lie ill litI' volcauic ;,),1'(' grallil('s (ielcl IIC'ar Iltf' hOlllldar.\· \\'il!t I Iw Syll collisiOIl grallites ;,),lId [hp willtill pli'lll' grallilps (Fig.:j). Tll(' Hi> Sr diagralll SIIO\\'S ;1 \'pry hOlllogeneolls COllljlOsitiol1 ol' tlJ(' ('1'I'\·ell;.) I.,·pp grauitoids \\'illlolll ally cClIIspinlolls dirferentii'ltioll. A 1II0re Ilmrked diffl>rPlltialioll is \'isii>lp Oll III(' Zr-TiO:! diagr;ull (Fig.6). Like\Vise for otllpr lypical IllPtallllllillolls grallil(>s , Ilw I':!O:;, Zl' illld Ra ('ontent.s decreélse \Vit. 11 t.lJ(' ilJrrl'asillg silira ('01111'111 (Fig.!) pl'Oh;lhly dup 10 liJ(' pl'efenonl.ii'll nyst.allizat.ioll of npal ilp. zin'oll alld pl"giorlas('s ;tl lilI' olllspt ol' roolillp; of I.ltp parellt.a! IlIélglllil Thp Irpud of ill('J'(-';)sillg Tll rlllel II lVilll illnpi'lsilJg silica
86
TAHLE 1. Rt'preselltafi\'t' rlllrllyst's 0[" t lJt' C('I"\·t'luí. type (lI't %)
Salllple Re-780 Ht'-787 Re-794 Rt'-7% Ht'-7D7 Rf' 977 Ht' �H)O
Si02 6;U8 6(j.6'2 G:{26 (HU):{ (j"UK (j:1.:2G (j:)():)
Ti02 0.71 0.5 1 O.(j7 O. 7�1 (HK O.:)D O. I ()
AI:!03 1 G.O'2 15.5:{ ](j(j8 I(U2 1.).:) I I (U)7 I (j-IO
F'e20:j 0.80 0.70 O.8:l 0.9G 0.5::; O. I.) O . . ) I F'eO :L55 '2. (6 :{46 4.09 :U,I :l.(jO 1.0()
1\1110 0.07 0.06. 0.07 0.09 O.O(i (JOH (LOK
I\lgO '2.GG 2.24 2.6 5 :L-I I 2.09 2.7:{ :{O:l
C'aO : L!G '2.81 :1.45 4.1 :1 :l.l L :L(W :U:)
Na20 :1.06 :U9 :{.25 :1.:21 :1.:27 2 . I.) L.r::l K20 4.11 4.14 :I.H9 'J --
. 1 . · ) 1 4.1 K I. IK :Uii H2O+ 0.86 o.n O.fiLI O. (H 0.00 I.KO 1.0()
IhO- 0.19 0.'20 0.22 0.21 02(i �
1 >20" (UG 0.'20 0.2'2 (Ul (U:l 0.2:) 0.2:)
CO2 - O. Tl O.L2
TotaJ 98.91 99.9:{ 9$1.29 DH.H") 98.-1:1 DD.,I,I DDII
H.b pplll 101 1 2 1 105 HK �H) I K�) 14:\ Ba pplll 1 562 1119 128 4 14:12 125:{ 1:170 ]:)."jO Sr pplll 4(j(j :IOG 2(jl :1'1 \J :\12 ,140 :Hil Zr PPI!1 2'2:) 164 1% I \JO I (jO I r:(i I �):!
II pplll 7.9 7.5 �';:l (jK 11.0 :\K ·).1
Tir pplll 14.6 LO .S 12.H 7.c1 22.L J:1.:2 II.D
Hp-7SU - i'Hllphib"I .. -biotik g;l'i'tll"diol'ilf'. i\1,>,'i.-l".\'. 11<'1'"1,,.1,> i\1,' 21 A. :;2.(,0-.';2.1'0 III.
R,>-78T - [,iotit .. tOlln.lit ... i\1 .. ,'id,,>\'. 1">1' .. 110).' i\1,' nA. l!l(i.o,t) III. IÚ'-i!l·1 alllpbiIHl)"
)'iotik !!.I'allodiol'ik. i\1 .. ,'irho\'. hOI'"h"I,> i\1'·-10ti. 2!12.10 lil. R .. -i!l(i - ;'llIphi),,,I .. IJiHtit,· quartz l1Io11zocliol'it,>. lVJ..i'i,.hn\,. I.o)'(>bol .. i\lř-IOti. S.';1.0 11I. R,,-i!IT - 't1l1phi[,ol,·'-I,i"titcg;l'anodiol' it '>. M .. i'ichov. "ol'd ll>k i\ 1,'-1 U·,. �18.2(j III. ll,> !ITT alllphihol,· I,i"t il" f\1'all<Hliol'it ... ]\1,>,'idlO\'. 1)ol'dlnl .. i\lř-1 .'lU. !I!I.U III. H,'-!I!IU ""lplliIH>1<- 1 .i,,1 iiP gl'iLlII>djol'it ". i\ I,·,'i
rho\'. Ilol'ph"l" i\ 1,'-1 S!I. 2(;5.(;0111.
disfiuguisllt's gr<llliloids o["f!te ('(')'\'t'II,í fypp ["rolll fllt' fypical lllf'lallllllillolls grilllifps alld IIlay bf' dtle 10 t.lte preferf'nf.ial <lssociatioll O["IIP11Iilllll ;111d fllOrilllJlwitll all'"lill', wlticlJ pl'obably nystallized ill f lit' elld of ('oolill!!, ol' tllt' !!,I'<lllift' IJwlf.
F'or REE patt.el'lls 0[" t. he (:(-'rvelJ,) granifoid" ar(' ('ltaracfpl'isl i(' r('lilf ivC'ly Iliglt LaN /YbN ratios alld IIPgaf in' I�II <llIolllalips (Fi!!,. 8) (sPi' ;"so 1\1C'líll. 198H: lIolllb. Cocltel'ip a.lld Rossi, ID!!! ). Fol' (,()lllpill'isOII lI'if!t gn11lifoid" or k1101l'1I f('('foIIOlllilgluatic positioll, plOfs ol' f PlCP ('lelliPllf ahlllld;t1lc('S IlorlJlalizt'd fo fil(-' ocpalJ I'idge granites (Pe<ll'ct' et al., 1984) MP slrOWIl fol' fllt' C'('n'C'II� ;lIld BlalIJ� gr<lllifoids (Fig. 9). Roth reselllble rocks 0[" perll<lps coltfillcollfal-arc affilJil.v Ol' SOllle post
PETROGENESIS OF CR,INITOID'; OF THE ČERVENÁ TYPE
3,0
2,8 IVletahmůJlnus PCI'alumiJl0US
2,6 2,�
2,2
2,0 � 1,8 Z o -< 1,6
1,.t 1,2
1,0
U,8
11,6
0,4 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,11
ACNK
PtG,3, DiClgrCl111 of tllP SliCllle! ille!px for illP ('pJ"\'pIlř1 Iypp Clelpr Malliar aIJe! Piccoli (1989)
2500
2000
1500
1000
sou
1 - Mantle F..,u:tionates
2 - PI'c-Plate CnUisi"n
3 - Pnst-CnUisinnlJ pii ft � - Latc-Orngcnic
5 - Annrngelůc
(, - Syn-CnUisinll
7 - Post-Or"gcnic
5
IIIIHI 151111
Rl
7
21HHI 251111 301111
PIG,4, Mlilt.icationie disnilllimtt,ioll diagr<1111 aft('r Balellclor ;llld Bowdell (1985) for Illi' Cervell;1 (,ype
i\lI .RENÉ
2000 .----.-,--r-r.,..-rr--.-----.---,.--.--,rrrrrr--.,...--..,..,---rTT-rrr--
1000
lilII
10
VAG
111 11111
Y+Nh
ORG
1111111 211lHl
F I C:. 5. Tbe Rb verslls Nh + Y discrilllilli\1 iOIl diclgri\111 after Pearc(' et a\. (1084) for Ilw C'ervI'Jlcí I\'pe
---E c.. c.. '-' :..
N
VAC; - voki1..Ili(�-a)'f� br;:lnitt':-.. S,vlI-('OL(; - :-.yn-c�{)lIi:..i{)1l �r;·lllitt-':... \tYPG - witlliu-pl:-tt.> g;"'Uiitp�. OHC; - ''''''''1I-ri' ';;.· srilllil.·�
2110 f--
HHI f--
o
o 80 00 o o o 00 o � o o
o 00 o 8
II �����������I�J-��I���� 11.0 1I.2 OA ll." 0.8 1.11
PIG. (j. Varialioll clia.gralll of Zr aud TiO:! for I lw C>rl't-'lIcí I yp('
300 I
200 t-o ---
E e. e. '-' ...
N l ilO r-
I O
o °COoo o
OcO�� Orl
° o 8
O -
°
-
(I ����������������I���� 50 55 6U 65 7H
Si02 "t'X.
P I U . I . Vi'l r i <t l i o l l d i a�re l l l l o C Z r a l l d S i O:! fo r I I I < ' ('e rl P I I ;í I \' p p
co l ! i s i o l l grau i t,oi d s.
!j o D I S C l I S S I O N
TIH' ('pr ve l l ;Í ty pe g ri'l l l i to i ds �eo c l wl l l i e a. l l y l'('se l l l l 1 l ,-' I l lo l lzo�nl l l i l e 1.0 �ra l l l ) d i o r i l e oC t l ! e B l a t l l A t,y p e . T h c'se gn1 1 1 i t o i ds ; I re h.v I I I P i r a l l l l l l i l l a " < t I , l l r et l i O I I i l l d ex itSsi g l l Pd t.o t l l e I -typ e grit l l i tes or I wl,l e r t o l iS I Pl I l s i l i O l l a l gr ;l l I i l ('s i l l t e r u l o f L i (' w . P i l lger itnd Hock ( l DH 9 ). T h e ahow' I l l P l l t i o lled i1 l l t h ors I ls ( 'd I I l i s I p !' I l l COr ll l SO I l I(' gri'l l 1 i t o i ds fro l l l t lH-' fV! o l d al l l l b i i1 1 1 b a l I lO l i t h . fVl i 'xpd l i S I. I' I )('s Crol l l I I" , 1\ l ol d a l l l l h i a l l b itl, b o l i l l l ( excep t i l l g I I H-' I I l i'1 l i c I "': r i rl l rocks oC I l ! e H rISI ( ' l d wrg p l l l l c l I I ) a re . I l o\\'C'\·('1' . c h ar i'lrt e r i zed by absP l l ce o r s e a rc i l y ol' I,y p i e a l I l l j rr (}�ra l l l d <l l' e l l c l a \'es ", l l i e l l i'l re I'rp< i l l e l l[. i l l gr al l i t,oi ds oC I l w '<'rvc' l l ;í I y p e . ( ; eoc l l ( ' l l l i crt l e\'o l l l t i o l l o l' I- I y p p g n l l l i l ps is i l l l er p re(,ed Oll t ll <' ha s is resl i t p 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 ix i l l g I l l o del , O l l I I", I l l ag l l l i! I l l i x i l l � I I I C " I .,I ; l I I d O l l b a s i s I l lo d e l s oC Critct. i O l l rd cryst, i'l l I i z a t i o l l . p ; l r t i r d I I IP l t i l l g , assi l l l i l : 1 1 i O l l ; l l l d Cra(' (, io l l il l nysta l l i z a l, i o l J ( A PC ) ( H rolV l l , 1 !:J H I : U i d i (' r , 1 ) 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 , l l l d L a l l wy re , I C ) � L : B rown pI 'll . . 1 984 : F i l l gpr pl, a l . . I !H J 7 : C l p l l l P l ls ; l l I d 1 '( ' I Cord , I ! J ! JD ) . C., ru' l l ,í g r:1-I t o d i o r i t p IV i t l ! i l l i l i a l r:'S r/,G S r rai io O . 70VL itl l d = ,\' d - � . :l ( .J a l l o l lš"k . [i oi!;<-'r" a u d Bo\\'ps. 1 DV!)) \VitS i l J t er p re t ed a s I U I I' i l l g rpsl d t.ed Cm l l l (' i l . l ! n I l l i x i l J � het \\'ep l I d i f l 'erP l l t 1 1 1 ř\g l l las of t lw s l l i l e IV i l l ! d isl i l l c l isotop i e s i gl l a l l l n-'s . or r r l l sl a l cOl l l r1 1 1 1 i l l i J l i o l l o l' it I l Iore brtsic I l l itgl l l i1 . A ceord i l ll--', 1 0 t l l t' g ra l l i l o i d c l assi fi c at i o l l s , i t i s p J : l l l s i h l p 1 0 UPlIO l l l i n it te t l l{-' ('PI'I'(, l I <t t y p P g ra l l i l,o ids a s h y h r i d I I �ra l l i l ps i l l I l it ' Sf ' l l s('d o l'
I l i t ' Cas(. ro el a l . ( I DD I ) c l :-1ss i f i c a.l i o l l . T h ('sp :-1 l l t " o rs s l l h d i \' i d p I I I (' I I -g ra l l i l f 's i l l l o Cl l r t lwr s u b-g rOl lps . TI IP i r s u h d i \' i s i o l l ass i g l l s I I IP ('PrI'e l l ;Í I y [ > (' gri l l l i l o i ds 1 0 l i j ( ' s l l hg ro l l p o l' I- I " gl'a l l i l ( 's . i . C'. l,y p i c i 1 1 h y h r i d g Pl l l i (.es i l l I I I C ' S( ' I l SP o C t l j (' . . 1 i 1ss i l i ca t i o l J p roj)osed by C ast,ro ('I, a ! . ( 1 DV l ) . T I I P ; 1 I ) p l l r l e l l ; I I I ('(' 1 0 I l l ! ' I l lP t n l l l l l l i l l o l l s
HO
301)
l ilI) � .-::= :... � c o
Ó --� c:.. E ] (I :<:
rF1
La Pr Ce Nd
:\ 1 . H ENÉ
Eu T h
S m C d H u Tm
Dy E I"
Lu
V h
P I U . M . C hol l d r i l p-l I o r l l l < d iz('c ! H E E p a l I P I' 1 1 for S; l l l l p les of I l i P ('('1'\'pn� t y pe. N O rl l l a l i z i l l � \'a l l ws ;HP fro l l l Tn.\· l o r i l l l d i\ l c Lel l u a l l ( l Dtl:l )
1 0
1
Ba Rh Th N h Ta La Ce SI" Sm Zr Hí" V V h
P I G . D . S p i c ! p rgri'l. l l l of ,.;elec l.pc! e l e l l w l l I s I lo rl l l a l izcu t o ; \ \'er ;lg!' oceit l l-r i dgp � r <1.Il i ( p ( O R C ) <lft e r ppi'l ITe pl a l . ( l Dtl 4 ) for tlJP B l al. I I ;) il.u c ! I I t l' ('prv (' I I � t.y pes . H o r i z o l l l a l l i l l ('S - t l t l' CerVP I 1:l I.y pr . vprt i c it l l i ups - I l I P B l a l l pí t .v p r.
P ETROGENE:-; I'; or G RANITO I D" or THE Č' ERVEN,\ TYf'E
grau i t es I I I t h e Sf'USf' o l' S h řl l l d d's r l rtss i ficM i o l l is r t lso hasf'd O l l 1 1 1 f' I IP rw}' I l l i lw rřl l řlsso c i it t io l l . A ccorel i u g t o Beřl ( 1 9UCi ) , t. I I P řl l l r t l l i l p , s p l I P I Ie a u d a p rt l i t p asso c i a l io l l i s dlitritcter ist. i c of 1 1 let.a l 1 l l L l i n O I l S gra l l i tes .
Tbe l l i g h-pot.ass i l l l l l I l lagl l la t. i s l l l is k l lOW I l rrO l l 1 rl C I i w p l a l e I l l a rg i l l s . p o:-; t c o l l is iol lal a n u w i t h in-p l a t e e l l v i ro l l l l lent.s . M o dels for o r i g i l l of l l i g l l -p o l ass i l l l l l II le t. it l u l t l i l lOUS gritn i t oi ds i l l e/ l l d f' rt rt f'r C l e l l l f' I I S a l l d 1 'f' l ford ( I WJD ) assi l l l i l a l i o n of CI· ust.a l rocks by hasa l t i c 1 I lagl l las . p itr t i a l I I wl l i u g of e l l r i c l I e d I l l a l l l l p , rPřl c l i l'e aSS i l t l i l at.ion of wit l l rock by I I C J I" I l l a l 1\- l t l ag l l lrJ.'i . I l l ag l l l rl I l l i x i l l g a l l d I I Ie l t i l l g of i l lter l ayered pe l i t. i e a u d itl l l p l l i h o l i l i c sOluce roc k s . ( , 1f' l I l e I I S a l l d F'ptfo r d ( 1 WJ9 ) O l l l i Je b asis t. he i r experi l t 1 ents S lI p p OSP . 1 1 1 M h i g h p o l.assi l l l l l gra l l i l o i d s c a l l IH-' d e r i l'pd by s i n g l e s t řlge 1 I I E' I t i n g of I y p i citl o l e l řl rc n ll!'; l . 1 1 1 II'pSt prl l rl l H l l l l i d- E l l ro p Prtl l \ ' r H iSCa l l c 1 1 ř1 i l l OU I I l' I lw b i g l ! p ot.ass i l l l l l gra l l i l o i d s sO l l wl i l l Ies i l l I I I I' fo 1" 1 I I o f s l l l a ll (O r I ) ( ) ( I i ('s . Tl!ey w e r p d esrr i h f'd h'O I I l i\ l ass i f ('e l l l r a l ( SO I I Ie hod i f's fro l l l L i l l lO I l S i l l I O l l rt l i t e b e l t. . D i e l i e r rllI d Lrt l l ley rf', 1 97 1 : S l l a w f'l a l . , 1 9U:\ ) . Yosgf'S ( B a l l o l ls fv l assi f. l'agf'1 rUl el Leter r i e r . 1980) , O d e l l wa l d ( L i f'1V i l l ld I-! orl l l il l l ll . U Jill' : H f' I I Ps- I ( la i h n . I � JD:2 ) After S t. afejev . ( 1 989 ) a n d R ossi a n d ('oeher ie ( 1D % ) I l l i s I l i g l J-p ol i'lss i l l l l l I l l agl l l ilt. i S I l I t oo k p l ace w i l. b i l l r e l a.t. i ve ly s l l O r l j l f'r i o d IV i l l l i l l p l d l a p iH I ,; 1 r l l c l l l l'PS " l o l l g rl c l'us t. " l I J lega-sbeřl rzone. T l l i s sl r l l c l I I ra l ff'al l l rp rOl" l l wd a rt p r R o,;si r l l l d ( 'o rl w r i p ( 1 9 9 5 ) t.hp so ut l !pr l J I l l a rgi l l ol' I l w Va r isca \ J Cl !'ogp l I " li d ;dťec l pd t l j ( > (; ( l I I d ll''' l l it p řl leo-eo l l l. i ll P.u t. a fter 1. 1 1 f' ( , l' I Is t . a. 1 c o l l i s io l l p roces,;ps . Fo r rd i a l ) ( )\ ' ( ' 1 I I <' I I ti O I J p d g r a l l i t o i d I t l řl ss i fs is t y p i nt l l l ig l t !\ :2 0jNa :20 r a t i o . L H E E (-' l l r i d l pd p a l l (' r l l s . rl l l d I l ig l H ' r cont.e l 1 ts ol' i U COI 1 1 [l řl l i h lp a l l c l 1-1 F'S I� p l p l 1 LP I I I s .
l l! t h e C E PC h ig l ! pot assi l l l l l gril l l i t o i d s fO r I l 1 a Z O I Ie i l l j l s sO l i l 1 1 (' 1' 1 1 p " rl . T I LP h ig l l p ot. ass i l l l I 1 g r a l l i t. o i d grol l j l is r('p resP I I I ed I l .v I l w l\oz ;í rOl· i c e . E h l l l ií . 1 ( l a l m·,v . M argi u a l a u d SO I I W ol. l l f'r l f'sS i l l l p o r l a l l l gra l l i l o i d I y p p;-; . T l l p gp( ) c l l ( ' l l I i c a l a f l i l l i l y bpt.weel l (:ervel l � a u d B l itt l l � t..v Pps (' a u 1 ) (' Sf'eu O l l t. l w d i s l r i h u l i 0 1 1 0[' t l I(O i l l ( ' O I I I p a t i b le e le l l le u l s ( F i g . 9 ) . Ol' O l l 1. 1 1 1' d i agra l l ls T l l rlil d Z l' I·S. Si O :! ( F i g . I (J . l l ) anel ou cl i itgral l l Rb vs. Z l' ( Fi g . 1 :2) . FrO I J l d is l r i h l l l . i o l l 0 [' i l l co l l l l)ill i h l f' ( , I (O l l l P l l t.S a l l c l [1'0 1 1 1 isoto p i c resea rch ( .hl l l o l l špk . H ogers i l l l d 1101l'es. UJ9"i ) II'\' C řl l I aSSl l l l le t h a t. hot- I I rock t.y pes ( t l te B l a l l l :1 ;l I l d ('ervp l J� I y p e s ) iH(, p rod u c t:-; of fra c l i O l l ; 1 1 iou o l' I l lal!t l e-der i v ed I W lg l l las fol l oll'ed hy assi l l l i l a l i0 1 1 t l lOS(' I l l ag l l l i l s lI' i t l t whl i l' f' l y beaJed I Jlťt.itl l lOrpbic rocks ol' I l l (" M o l d a u l l h i rl l l Z O I I < ' Fr;� c l. i o l l a l. i o l l ho l I I a l > o\'e 1 1 1 < ' 1 1 -t. i o l!ed rock I .y!ws lVI' crl l l sep fo r ex a l l l p l c O l l I I I ( ' d i s l r i h l l l i0 1 1 o l' I � I > . Z r ;lI l d T l l . H ig lwr cont.e l l t.s o f R b it ll c l T l l over t . l le i )' cO ll I ( 'u l i l l I lw OCP" I I r i d gp gr ; l l l i l es ( F i g . D ) s l l ow w i t. 1 l h i g l J p r p roha h i l i l.y p rpSp I I C (' u f rol lolV i l lg assi l l l i l a l i ol l of I l l a u l l e d e ri \ 'pc I I l l a.gn l rl t. l l l'Ougl l l l le l. a l l lo r p l l i c rocks ol' t. lw i\t! o l d rl l l l l h i a l l ZO I W . 1' 1 1 (' i l I l r l l s i o l l IVrtS c O l l necl ed w i t. 1 I a ra p i d I I p l i rl rl l l d d f'COI 1 l 1 ) J'('ss i o l I o r s l I lT o l l l l d i l l g 1 I I ('I a l l lor p l l i ( ' !'O c ks au clegave r i se t.o itl l exte l l s i v e ZOI ll' w l J (' r(' ('O I d d l o ndl:v p ; l r t i c i p a l (' p i l I lP r p roc('s,; of l l l itg l l la 1 I 1 ix i l lg a l l el ass i l l l i l al i o l l of 1 1 1 f't.al l lo r p l l i c ! 'O c b . O l l ol I LPr ,; i d f' gp() ( ' l lP l l l i c a l evo l u tion of gmll i t.oi d s o f t. l l e B l a l l l <i a l l d 1. 1 I f' (:(O rn' l l � I Y l lP i s 1 1 0 1 d i rec l ly cOl l t. r o l l p d hy d ist.a l l (,f' 1.0 h o r e l e r C B PC lI' i l I I I l wl il l l lo r p l l i c roeks 01' I l I P 1\ l o l d a ll l l h i a l l ZO I ' " ( ,;pe a lso M a.ch a r !. 1 99 1 ) .
1 1 1 l iJ e past R ó l d i e ho\i�. ( 1 9(j4 ) řl rg l l e d I l l a l g ra l l i l o i d ;-; 0 [' I l w C'('I'I'p l l � t y pl' o r i gi ll itt.ed t. hro ugh I l l et.asO l l l itt. i c gra u i l. i zal i O I l o l' g lwisses o l' i I LP Ivl o l d a l l l l h i rl l l ZO l lP . P a l i vcová ( 1 965 ) aucl P a l i \'Cod .. 'vVa l el bil l lsrov� ;llHI Lp(h' i l l kod ( 1 $) � 9 ) f' l a hor a l pd
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