hendre quarry, mold, flintshire

Hendre Quarry, Mold,

Flintshire

Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment

Report prepared for: Tarmac Cement and Lime Ltd

CA Project:CR0167

CA Report: CR0167_2

November 2019 Updated October 2020

Hendre Quarry, Mold,

Flintshire

Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment

CA Project: CR0167

CA Report: CR0167_2

prepared by Claudia Jorge, Heritage Consultant

date October 2019

updated by date

Claudia Jorge, Heritage Consultant

October 2020

checked by Eva Heimpel, Assistant Heritage Consultant

date October 2020

approved by Richard Morton, Principal Heritage Consultant

signed

date October 2020

issue 3

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third

party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

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Milton Keynes Unit 8 – The IO Centre Fingle Drive Stonebridge Milton Keynes Buckinghamshire MK13 0AT t. 01908 564660

Andover Stanley House Walworth Road Andover Hampshire SP10 5LH t. 01264 347630

Exeter Unit 1 – Clyst Units Cofton Road Marsh Barton Exeter EX2 8QW t. 01392 573970

Suffolk Unit 5, Plot 11 Maitland Road Lion Barn Industrial Estate Needham Market Suffolk IP6 8NZ t. 01449 900120

e. [email protected]

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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 6

2. PLANNING STATUTE, POLICY AND BEST-PRACTICE .......................................... 8

3. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 11

4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ........................................ 16

5. DOCUMENTED LANDUSE OF THE SITE ................................................................ 22

6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE & POTENTIAL ............................................... 34

7. THE SETTING OF HERITAGE ASSETS ................................................................... 36

8. CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................... 41

9. REFERENCES........................................................................................................... 43

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ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan

Fig. 2 Site location plan, showing study area and previous archaeological works

Fig. 3 Site location showing archaeological features

Fig. 4 Site location on 1839 Tithe Map for the Parish of Halkyn

Fig. 5 Site location on 1878-1881 1st Edition OS

Fig. 6 Site location plan on 1900 2nd Edition OS

Fig. 7 Site location on 1914 OS


Fig. 9 Site location showing built form within the Site, mapped from historic maps

Fig. 10 Site location plan and transcribed cropmarks from historical aerial photographs

Fig. 11 Site location plan and ‘important’ hedgerows

Fig. 12 Site location plan showing study area and designated heritage assets

PHOTOGRAPHS

Photo 1 Site facing north

Photo 2 Site facing south-east

Photo 3 Site facing south

Photo 4 Site facing south-west

Photo 5 The Engine House at Hendre

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SUMMARY

Project Name: Hendre Quarry Location: Hendre, Mold, Flintshire NGR: SJ 19370 68233

In October 2019, Cotswold Archaeology was commissioned by Tarmac Cement & Lime to

undertake a Heritage Assessment in respect of land at Hendre Quarry, Mold, Flintshire. The

Site is located around half a kilometre to the north-east of the main focus of settlement of

Hendre hamlet in Flintshire.

An archaeological excavation was carried out in the Site in 1989 in advance of a phase of

quarry expansion. The excavations were centred on a mound which was believed to

represent a round barrow of presumed Bronze Age date. This mound has since been

completely removed by quarrying. The results of the excavation proved that the mound was

in fact of natural origin, comprising unconsolidated sands, silts and gravel. However, it had

clearly been the site of activity in the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods, as a total of nine

features were revealed, cut into the mound and the ground immediately surrounding it. On

this basis it is considered that there is some potential for the survival of buried remains

relating to the prehistoric period. If present, such features would be of archaeological

interest. There is also some limited potential for below-ground remains of small-scale

industry such as kilns, which may have some historic interest. Geophysical survey would

inform further on the presence of any such remains, and is recommended in the report as a

suitable further survey technique to inform the proposals.

Examination has shown that the landscape character of the Site, both fields and explorative

industry, does not have any intrinsic historic value in itself. The proposed development does

not harm the Registered Historic Landscape.

Several hedgerows present along field boundaries comprise ‘important’ hedgerows under

the criteria for archaeology and history of the Hedgerow Regulations 1997. These are

considered to comprise non-designated historic assets of low heritage significance. The

Regulations are essentially a Notification mechanism, which requires that appropriate notice

be given to the local authority prior to removal.

Analysis has been carried out of any non-physical effects of development upon the setting

and significance of any historic assets in its wider environs. The Grade II Listed Engine

House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1) was found to potentially be susceptible to change, but

assessment has clarified that its significance would not be harmed by the proposals.

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CRYNODEB

Enw’r Prosiect: Chwarel Hendre

Lleoliad: Hendre, yr Wyddgrug, Sir y Fflint

CGC: SJ 19370 68233

Ym mis Hydref 2019, comisiynwyd Cotswold Archaeology gan Tarmac Cement & Lime i

gynnal Asesiad Treftadaeth mewn perthynas â thir yn Chwarel Hendre, yr Wyddgrug, Sir y

Fflint. Mae'r Safle wedi’i leoli tua hanner cilometr i’r gogledd-ddwyrain o brif anheddiad

pentref bach Hendre yn Sir y Fflint.

Cynhaliwyd cloddiad archaeolegol ar y Safle yn 1989 cyn gwaith i ehangu'r chwarel. Roedd

y gwaith cloddio yn canolbwyntio ar dwmpath y credwyd ei fod yn cynrychioli beddrod crwn y

tybiwyd ei fod yn dyddio o’r Oes Efydd. Dydy’r twmpath hwn ddim yn bodoli mwyach

oherwydd y chwarela. Profodd canlyniadau'r gwaith cloddio fod tarddiad naturiol i’r twmpath

mewn gwirionedd, a’i fod yn cynnwys gro, silt a thywod anghyfnerthedig. Fodd bynnag,

roedd yn amlwg yn arfer bod yn safle o weithgarwch yn yr Oes Neolithig a’r Oes Efydd, gan

fod cyfanswm o naw nodwedd wedi’u canfod, wedi’u torri i mewn i’r twmpath a’r ddaear yn

union o’i amgylch. Ar sail hyn, credir bod rhywfaint o botensial y bydd olion wedi’u claddu

yno yn deillio o’r cyfnod cynhanes. Os felly, byddai nodweddion o’r fath o ddiddordeb

archaeolegol. Mae potensial bach iawn hefyd y bydd yno olion tanddaearol o ddiwydiant ar

raddfa fach, er enghraifft odynau, a allai fod o ddiddordeb hanesyddol. Byddai arolwg

geoffisegol yn rhoi rhagor o wybodaeth i ni am bresenoldeb unrhyw olion o'r fath, ac mae’r

adroddiad yn ei argymell fel techneg addas arall ar gyfer cynnal arolwg i lywio’r cynigion.

Mae gwaith archwilio wedi dangos nad oes unrhyw werth hanesyddol cynhenid i gymeriad

tirwedd y Safle ynddo'i hun, sef caeau a’r diwydiant archwiliol. Nid yw’r datblygiad

arfaethedig yn niweidio’r Dirwedd Hanesyddol Gofrestredig.

Mae nifer o’r gwrychoedd sy’n bresennol ar hyd ffiniau’r caeau yn cynnwys gwrychoedd

‘pwysig’ o dan y meini prawf ar gyfer archaeoleg a hanes Rheoliadau Gwrychoedd 1997.

Ystyrir bod y rhain yn cynnwys asedau hanesyddol heb eu dynodi sydd â fawr iawn o

arwyddocâd o ran treftadaeth. I bob pwrpas, mae’r Rheoliadau yn ddull o Hysbysu, sy’n

gofyn bod hysbysiad priodol yn cael ei roi i’r awdurdod lleol cyn eu gwaredu.

Dadansoddwyd unrhyw effeithiau anffisegol gwaith datblygu ar y lleoliad ac arwyddocâd

unrhyw asedau hanesyddol yn yr amgylchedd ehangach. Canfuwyd bod y Cwt Injan

5


Rhestredig Gradd II yn Hendre (Ffig. 12, LB1) yn agored i newid, ond eglurodd yr asesiad na

fyddai’r cynigion yn niweidio ei arwyddocâd.

6


1. INTRODUCTION

In October 2019, Cotswold Archaeology was commissioned by Tarmac Cement and

Lime to undertake a Heritage Assessment in respect of land at Hendre Quarry,

Mold, Flintshire (hereafter referred to as ‘the Site’). The Site is located around half a

kilometre to the north-east of the main focus of settlement of Hendre hamlet in

Flintshire (centred on NGR: SJ 19370 68233; Fig. 1). The report was updated in

October 2020 in order to address consultee comment from Cadw regarding the

study area referred to for the assessment of the setting of historic assets.


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The Site comprises an area of c.36.5ha. This is partly occupied by the quarry, with

the remaining area comprising agricultural fields. The proposed development will

comprise the extension of the existing quarry into the current agricultural fields.

Professional standards and consultation Cotswold Archaeology is a Registered Organisation with the Chartered Institute for

Archaeologists (CIfA).

The scope and methodology of assessment has been carried in accordance with a

Written Scheme of Investigation which was approved by Mr Mark Walters, the

Archaeological Advisor for the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT), on the

14th of October 2019 via email. The finalised report will be issued to CPAT and the

Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)

for deposition.

The report has been prepared in accordance with the ‘Standard and Guidance for

Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment’ published by the Chartered Institute

for Archaeologists (2017).

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2. PLANNING STATUTE, POLICY AND BEST-PRACTICE

This assessment has been undertaken within the key statute, policy and guidance

context presented below. The applicable provisions contained within these statute,

policy and guidance documents are referred to, and discussed, as relevant,

throughout the text. Fuller detail is provided in Appendix 1.

National planning policy and relevant sector guidance This assessment has been compiled in accordance with the following legislative,

planning policy and guidance documentation:

• Planning Policy Wales (Welsh Government Edition 10, 2018)

• TAN24 (Welsh Government 2017a)

• Conservation Principles (Cadw 2011)

• Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment

(CIfA 2017)

• Setting of Historic Assets in Wales (2017b);

• Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales

• ‘Guidance for the Submission of data to the Welsh Historic Environment

Records’ produced by the Welsh Archaeological Trusts (2018)

Planning Policy Wales (PPW) states that it is important that the historic environment

- encompassing archaeology and scheduled monuments, listed buildings,

conservation areas and historic parks, gardens and landscapes - is protected. The

Welsh Government’s objectives in this field are to:

• conserve and enhance the historic environment, which is a finite and non-

renewable resource and a vital and integral part of the historical and cultural

identity of Wales;

• recognise its contribution to economic vitality and culture, civic pride, local

distinctiveness and the quality of Welsh life, and its importance as a

resource to be maintained for future generations;

• base decisions on an understanding of the significance of Wales’ historic

assets;

• contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the past by making an

appropriate record when parts of a historic asset are affected by a proposed

change, and ensuring that this record or the results of any investigation are

securely archived and made publicly available;

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And specifically to:

• protect the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Sites in

Wales;

• conserve archaeological remains, both for their own sake and for their role

in education, leisure and the economy;

• safeguard the character of historic buildings and manage change so that

their special architectural and historic interest is preserved;

• preserve or enhance the character or appearance of conservation areas,

while at the same time helping them remain vibrant and prosperous;

• preserve the special interest of sites on the register of historic parks and

gardens in Wales; and

• conserve areas on the register of historic landscapes in Wales.

ASIDOHL 2 (assessment of the significance of development on historic landscapes)

Consultation with CPAT confirmed that the proposals did not require an ASIDOHL 2

assessment (as set out in the WSI, Appendix 5).

Archaeology and the Historic Environment See Appendix 1 for full PPW edition 10, Chapter 6, policies on archaeology.

Technical Advice Note 24 In addition to Planning Policy Wales Edition 10, planning policy is guided by the

Technical Advice Note 24 for the Historic Environment (TAN24, Welsh Government,

2017) which supersedes the Welsh Circulars 60/96 and 61/96.

The purpose of TAN 24 is to provide guidance on how the planning system

considers the historic environment during development plan preparation and

decision making on planning and Listed Building (LBC) applications. This TAN

provides specific guidance on how the following aspects of the historic environment

should be considered:

• World Heritage Sites

• Scheduled monuments

• Archaeological remains

• Listed buildings

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• Conservation areas

• Historic parks and gardens

• Historic landscapes

• Historic assets of special local interest

Flintshire Unitary Development Plan 2000-2015 The Site is located within the administrative boundary of . The development plan for

this area is the Flintshire Unitary Development Plan 2000-2015. Although the

adopted UDP became time expired at the end of 2015 it remains the adopted

development plan for the County. Relevant heritage policies comprise the following:

• HE1 development affecting Conservation Areas

• HE2 Development affecting listed buildings and their settings

• HE3 Demolition in Conservation Areas

• HE4 Buildings of local interest

• HE5 Protection of Registered Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special

Historic Interest

• HE6 Scheduled Ancient Monuments and other nationally important

archaeological sites

• HE7 Other sites of lesser archaeological significance

• HE8 Recording of historic permitted features

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3. METHODOLOGY

Study area scope The study area encompasses an area 1km from the Site boundary. The size of the

study area has ensured that data sources provided sufficient contextual information

about the proposed development Site, and its surrounding landscape, from which to

assess the impact on the known or potential historic resource.

Known historic assets within the study area are discussed in Section 4. Gazetteers

of those historic assets in the study area which are considered relevant to the

assessment have been compiled, and are presented as Appendix 2. Those historic

assets which are not relevant to the Site are not discussed within the report.

Historic assets are referred to in the text by a unique reference: SM and LB (for

Scheduled Monuments and Listed Buildings respectively), and numerically 1, 2, etc.

for other historic assets.

Data acquisition Readily available archaeological and historical information from documentary and

cartographic sources has been consulted. The major repositories of information

include the following:

Source Data

Cadw

List of World Heritage Sites; Listed Buildings; Scheduled Monuments; Registered Parks and Gardens; and Registered Battlefields.

Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT)

Database of known archaeological sites, findspots, historic buildings and previous archaeological works; and Published and unpublished documentary sources (including development control site reports).

Flintshire Archives Historic mapping, historic documentation, and relevant published and grey literature.

Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales

Vertical and oblique aerial photography ranging in date from the 1940s to present.

Natural Resource Wales website

LiDAR imagery and point cloud data, available from the Environment Agency website.

Genealogist, Envirocheck & other cartographic websites Historic (Ordnance Survey and Tithe) mapping in digital format.

12


Source Data

British Geological Survey (BGS) website

UK geological mapping (bedrock & superficial deposits) & borehole data.

Site inspection Walkover site inspection

Table 3.1 Key data sources

Site inspection A walkover site inspection was undertaken in September 2019, in both the Site itself

and its wider vicinity. This was undertaken in order to identify historic assets not

previously recorded within the Site, and to assess potential effects on the

significance of historic assets arising from changes to their setting as a result of the

proposed development.

A walkover survey was conducted within the Site, which was undertaken in dry and

clear weather conditions. Access was afforded only to the areas to where the quarry

is to expand since the remaining is an active quarry. The areas accessed are

agricultural fields mostly under pasture or under turnip plantation.

Aerial photographs from the Welsh Government Aerial photographs covering different areas of Wales from 1945 to the present were

consulted and uploaded into an Esri’s ArcMap 10.5.1 workspace. They were

downloaded from the Lle website, a geo-portal for Wales as a WMTS file under the

Open Government License for the Public Sector and were also obtained from the

Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. The relevant

aerial photographs were georeferenced and will be included within the report. The

aerial photographs show that the Site was subject to development during the latter

part of the 20th century, largely associated with agricultural and quarrying activity.

Features and buildings noted, which are discussed in further detail below, appear to

relate to such activity and correlate with historic mapping available for the Site.

LiDAR imagery LiDAR DTM and DSM tiles were obtained from the Natural Resource Wales,

through the Government Open Data portal (environment.data.gov.uk). The data

was available at 2m-resolution but only covered the southern portion of the Site

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which is occupied by the active quarry. For this reason LiDAR analysis of the Site

was excluded from this assessment.

Value of historic assets The value of historic assets is best defined by the Cadw guidance Conservation

Principles (2011), which describes value as a combination of evidential value;

historical value; aesthetic value; and communal value.

Evidential value derives from those elements of an historic asset that can provide

evidence about past human activity, including its physical remains or historic fabric.

Historical value may derive from particular aspects of past ways of life, or

association with notable families, persons, events or movements – it embodies the

connection between past events and society with the present.

Aesthetic value derives from the sensory and intellectual stimulation drawn from an

historic asset. It may include its physical form, and how it lies within its setting. It

may also be the result of design, or an unplanned outcome of a process of events.

Communal value derives from the meanings that an historic asset has for the

people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or

memory. It may be commemorative or symbolic, and relate to issues of identity or

collective memory.

The setting of historic assets This assessment has been undertaken in accordance with the approach outlined in

the publication ‘Setting of Historic Assets in Wales’ (Cadw, 2017b). This provides

guidance on setting and development management, including the assessment of

the implications of proposed development. The guidance reiterates that ‘the setting

of a historic asset is the surroundings in which a historic asset is experienced. Its

extent is not fixed, and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve.

Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the

significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may

be neutral'.

All historic assets have a setting, and features of a setting may make a positive or

negative contribution to significance, and may affect the appreciation of the asset.

They can remain neutral. The extent and importance of setting is often expressed

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by reference to visual considerations, but can also comprise other elements which

contribute to the ways in which a historic asset is experienced, including factors

such as noise, vibrations, dust or other pollutants; spatial associations; the rarity of

comparable survivals of setting, and associative relationships between historic

assets.

A stepped approach is undertaken for assessing the implications of development

proposals. The first step is to consider the site context, and whether, from a

heritage point of view, there are other reasonable alternatives that should be

preferred for development. In addition, this step identifies the historic assets

affected, and the aspects of their settings which would be affected by the proposed

development. Step 2 is to assess whether, how, and to what degree, these settings

make a positive contribution to the significance of the historic asset(s), i.e. ‘what

matters and why’. This includes a consideration of the key attributes of the historic

asset itself, and then considers:

• The physical surroundings of the asset, including its relationship with other

historic assets; and

• The way in which the asset is appreciated.

Step 3 (where appropriate) is to assess the effect of the proposed Development on

the significance of historic assets through consideration of the key attributes of the

proposed Development in terms of its:

• Location and siting;

• Form and appearance;

• Additional effects; and

• Permanence.

Step 4 is to maximise enhancement and minimise harm, and Step 5 refers to

making and documenting the decision and monitoring outcomes.

The settings assessment presented in this report includes consideration of Steps 1

to 3, which are the steps normally undertaken to inform the planning process. Step

4 is carried out when it is considered necessary to specifically design or redesign a

scheme to take historic assets into account. This is not considered necessary in this

case. Step 5 is a subsequent stage, and is not applicable to this assessment.

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Limitations of the assessment This assessment is principally a desk-based study, and has utilised secondary

information derived from a variety of sources, only some of which have been

directly examined for the purpose of this assessment. The assumption is made that

this data, as well as that derived from secondary sources, is reasonably accurate.

The records held by Cadw and CPAT HER are not a record of all surviving historic

assets, but a record of the discovery of a wide range of archaeological and

historical components of the historic environment. The information held within these

repositories is not complete, and does not preclude the subsequent discovery of

further elements of the historic environment that are, at present, unknown.

As mentioned this assessment has excluded LiDAR analysis considering that the

database is incomplete and did not include the most relevant areas of the Site.

A selection of archival material pertaining to the Site and study area was consulted

in person at the Flintshire Archives. There may be other relevant material held by

the National Archives, other local repositories, and in private collections; which it

was not possible to gain access to.

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4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Landscape context The Site is located c.5km north-west of Mold, to the north of the A541 in Hendre,

Flintshire. It lies near to the watershed that divides the continuous valley which

carries the rivers Alyn and Wheeler, respectively tributaries of the rivers Clwyd and

Dee. The Site lies on the north side of this valley, at an altitude of between about

160m and 230m AOD.

The ground to the north-east forms a broad escarpment which overlooks the

estuary of the Dee and extends north-west from Buckley, culminating in Graig Fawr,

above Prestatyn.

Geology The solid geology of the Site consists of Dinantian (Carboniferous) Limestone (BGS

2019), with the overlying Namurian (Millstone Grit) rocks outcropping c.1.5km to the

north.

The Alyn-Wheeler valley is of geological interest for its fluvio-glacial features, such

as eskers, which were left behind when the glaciers retreated. Drift deposits, which

are probably associated with the glaciation, are present on the north side of the

valley and consist of mixed gravels in clay and sand matrices. The soils of the

immediate area are fine loamy soils belonging to the East Keswick 3 Association

(Landis 2019).

Previous archaeological works Only three records for archaeological fieldwork exist for the study area. Previous

investigations of relevance to this assessment are illustrated on Fig. 2 and briefly

summarized on Table 3.1. The results of these investigations are discussed

throughout Section 3, when relevant, in accordance with the chronological order of

their findings.

Reference on Fig. 2

Description

Ev1 Hendre Farm ‘barrow’ excavation Ev2 Hendre Quarry Assessment Ev3 Hendre Quarry Western Extension Watching Brief

Table 4.1 Summary of relevant previous archaeological works

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LegendSite

PeriodBronze AgeMedievalPost-Medieval

19


Prehistoric and Romano-British There are no records of occupation of either the Site or the study area for the earlier

periods of prehistory.

In the later Neolithic and early Bronze Age there seems to have been an expansion

of population into previously under-exploited regions further inland, possibly due

both to pressures on land as well as an apparent improvement in climate (Wiggins

and Evans 2005; Slatcher 2013).

The Site underwent an archaeological excavation in 1989 (Fig. 2, Ev1) in advance

of a phase of quarry expansion. The excavations were centred on a mound which

was believed to represent a round barrow of presumed Bronze Age date (Fig. 3, 1).

This barrow has since been removed by quarrying activity. The results of said

excavation proved that the mound was in fact of natural origin, comprising

unconsolidated sands, silts and gravel. However, it had clearly been the site of

activity in the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods, as a total of nine features were

revealed, cut into the mound and the ground immediately surrounding it. Four of the

features were pits, forming an arc 8m long on the north-east side of the mound.

Near the centre of the mound a shallow grave was revealed at the southern end of

the arc, which contained the partial remains of an adult male and three children.

Three features were found to the east of the pits and the terminus of a ditch was

found further to the north. The earliest feature was the ditch, which contained burnt

material; charcoal from it was radiocarbon dated to between 3017 and 2614 cal BC

at a 95% confidence level. A significant quantity of lithics, mainly flint, was present

in the fill of the pits, together with some sherds of Grooved Ware pottery dating to

the Neolithic period. The nature of the deposits in the pits suggested that they were

probably contemporaneous, and alder charcoal from the basal fill of one pit was

radiocarbon dated to between 2554 and 2058 cal BC at a 95% confidence level.

Human bone from the multiple inhumation burial atop the mound was also

radiocarbon dated, giving a date of between 1888 and 1682 cal BC at a 95%

confidence level) which confirms continuing interest in the site into the Early Bronze

Age (Brassil and Gibson, 1999).Upon visiting the Site it was noted that the original

site of these excavations has been quarried out and no remains are left in situ.

Subsequent archaeological investigation in 2015 prior to the extension of the quarry

(Fig. 2, Ev3) uncovered an occupation site along the western edge of the Site (Fig.

3, 2). Amongst the finds recovered there were numerous fragments of pottery and

20


flint tools (Watson 2015). An additional Bronze Age feature within the study area,

located c.570m to the west of the Site (Fig. 3, 3) comprises the site of a possible

round barrow which seems to have been ploughed (CPAT 1999) but in 1940 was

undisturbed (Davies 1949). No further investigation was undertaken and its actual

nature is unknown.

No further evidence pertaining to the prehistoric periods is recorded within the Site

or the study area.

There are no known records of the Romano-British period within the Site or the

study area.

Early medieval and medieval There are no finds or features of the early medieval or medieval periods within the

Site.

The Site is located in the Hendre hamlet within the historic parish of Halkyn for

which the Domesday Book contains an entry to Inglecroft, Brunfor [Brynford] et

Helchene or Alchene in 1086. The church is documented as Helegen in the

Taxation of 1254, and as Heleng’ in 1291, while Alkyn appeared in 1284, and

Halkyn in 1360. The most recent work on Welsh place-names suggests that while

the element halc normally means ‘nook’ or ‘corner’, here it could mean ‘cavity’, an

obscure pointer to the early mining shafts on Halkyn Mountain.

The word Hendre evolved from hendref meaning homestead and seems to suggest

that the hamlet itself started with a single house (Owen and Gruffydd 2017) of some

status, possibly Cilcain Hall which was located c.250m to the west (Fig. 3, 4) of the

Site and which comprised a medieval hall house.

The development of the settlement during the medieval period is not recorded and

as a testament to that the evidences for the medieval period recorded within the

study area mostly pertain to remnants of medieval strip fields located c.850m to the

north-west (Fig. 3, 5), c.720m to the south (Fig. 3, 6) and c.890m to the south-west

(Fig. 3, 8) of the Site; the Hen Blas quillet located c.550m to the south-west of the

Site (Fig. 3, 7) and also the medieval Ffynnon Leinw (holy well) c.780m to the

south-west (Fig. 3, 9).

21


No further evidences for the period are recorded within the study area. It is possible

to extrapolate that during the medieval period the Site was part of the agricultural

hinterland of the scattered small hamlets of the area and most likely part of the

open fields system.

Post-medieval and modern There are several records relating to the post-medieval period located within the

Site. As well as for the rest of the study area, most of the records are connected to

the extensive extraction activities being developed across the area (Fig. 3) and the

activities of the North Hendre Mine Company. Those features and sites recorded by

the HER and RCAHMW which are most relevant to the Site, including those which

provide context, comprise mine shafts (Fig. 3, 10, 12, 17), the workings (Fig. 3, 11, 15), the limekiln (Fig. 3, 13), the Hendre Quarry Engine House located c.180m to

the east (Fig. 3, 25) and the Limeworks located c.90m to the east (Fig. 3, 26).The

Site area also includes the site of a post-medieval farmstead (Fig. 3, 14) and of a

terraced access trackway (Fig. 3, 16). Related to the mines and quarries within the

Site, but located outside its boundary include a 4th shaft site located c.55m to the

south (Fig. 3, 27).

As mentioned the remaining of the evidence related to the post-medieval period

pertains to mine shafts, limekilns, quarries, workings and associated features with

the sole exceptions being the site of a smithy c.390m to the east (Fig. 3, 23), a mill

c.100m to the south (Fig. 3, 28) a mill leat 170m to the south-west (Fig. 3, 39), and

the Bryn Charlotte well c.230m to the west (Fig. 3, 19) of the Site.

22


5. DOCUMENTED LANDUSE OF THE SITE

The first available depiction of the Site’s area can be found on the 1839 Tithe map

for the parish of Halkyn (Fig. 4). A summary of the related apportionment can be

found on Table 5.1 below for ease of reference.

Plot No Ownership Tenant Name and Description 780 Robert Grosvenor Marquis of

Westminster Richard Lloyd Erw Eithin

Gorse Acre 781 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Coitie Gwyn

Gwyn’s Field 782 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Coitie Ansdydd

Home Field 783 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Bryn Mawr Ucha

Great Hill 784 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Bryn Mawr Isa

Great Hill 785 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Bryn Llidiart

Gate Hill 797 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards George Sheldon Coitie Aidiart Sowill

Field 839 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards George Sheldon Coitie Ffynnan

Prosper Field 840 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards In hand Plantation fenced in 843 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards George Sheldon Erw Odyn

Kiln Acre 844 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards George Sheldon Hendre House, Garden etc. 845 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards George Sheldon Coitia Dial

Revenge Field 853 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Robert Hughes Coitia Richard Grifiths

Richard Grifiths Field 854 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Coitie Mawr

Great Field 856 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Erw Ydlam

Yes Acres 857 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Coitie Ysgubor

Barn Field 858 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Erw Banadle

Acre 859 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Coitie Derw

Oak Field 862 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Ann Jones Erw Eithin

Gorse Acre 863 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Ann Jones Cae Bryn

Hill Field 864 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Ann Jones Coitie Ydlam and Erw Bach

Yes Field and Small Acres 875 Sir John Hanmer Baronet Ann Jones Erw Hir and New Cyfer

Long Acre and New Acre

Table 5.1 Summary of the 1839 Apportionment

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FIGURE TITLE


Site location on 1839 Tithe Map for the parish of Halkyn

FIGURE NO.

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The apportionment gives information on the ownership but lacks the information on

the landuse. There are only two records which include land use information: plot

844, effectively the location of Hendre Figillt (Farm) which describes the presence

of built form (house and etc.); and plot 840 which mentions an area of fenced in

plantation, clearly depicted on the south-eastern corner of the Site.

The area was subject to more intensive industrial activity in the latter part of the

19th century, starting about 1870, when the North Hendre Mine Company took up a

lease to work ground under Hendre Figillt (farm) for lead ore. The workings

eventually comprised an adit level from the valley to the south, which was linked to

at least three shafts. A plan of the workings produced in 1879 (Strahan 1890, not

reproduced due to poor quality) shows that most ore was obtained from an area just

to the north of the farm buildings. The Hendre lime works and quarry were in

operation in 1874, when Hendre Figillt was sold by the Cilcain Hall Estate. The 1st

Edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1878-1881 (Fig. 5) reflects this, with most of the

extraction activities being focused on the southern part of the Site, where Hendre

Mine is recorded and annotated, but also scattered across the rest of the Site’s area

in the form of limekilns and the lead mine shafts. A few wells are also annotated

across the Site’s area.

Fig. 5 Site location on 1878-1881 1st Edition OS

25


The 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1900 (Fig. 6) shows no substantial

difference of landuse or development apart from annotating the lead shafts as Old

Shaft, an indication that these were not in use anymore. In and extending to the

south of the Site the mine is now annotated as a quarry.

Fig. 6 Site location plan on 1900 2nd Edition OS

The following Ordnance Survey of 1914 (Fig. 7) shows no major differences in

development or landuse within the Site. This trend continues until the demolition of

the buildings of Hendre Farm for the expansion of the quarry which is pictured on

the 1964 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 8) and continued to expand until the present (for a

the complete historic map progression please see the Envirocheck report included

as Appendix 3).

Historically several buildings occupied the Site area. These have been mapped on

Figure 9 below for ease of reference. None of the buildings that could be

considered of heritage significance are extant; these would have been the buildings

of Hendre Farm and the mines which were progressively demolished and replaced

by modern buildings and facilities for the quarry whilst it expanded. These extant

buildings are mostly comprised of modern industrial buildings to support the

quarrying activities and plant and are not considered to be of heritage significance.

26


No buildings were ever recorded within the areas onto which the quarry proposes to

expand.



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PROJECT TITLE

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FIGURE TITLE


Site location showing built form

FIGURE NO.

Reproduced from ordance Survey digital map data © Crown copyright anddatabase rights 2019. Ordnance Survey 0100031673.

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28


The analysis of historical aerial photographs from the 1940s (see Appendix 4) until

the present allows the identification of features of possible archaeological origin

which are visible as cropmarks. These have been mapped and can be seen on

Figure 10 below.

Fig. 10 Site location plan and transcribed cropmarks from historical aerial photographs

Amongst these features are the round barrow discussed previously, but also two

other round cropmarks, possibly ring ditches, and a small number of linear marks

that might have correlated to old field boundaries or trackways. Most of these

features were located within the area of the Site that has been quarried away, and

for that reason are not extant anymore and are impossible to be verified. The

features that are within the quarry expansion area, and hence still extant, are

considered to comprise post-medieval field boundaries and a trackway which do not

comprise historic assets.

Hedgerows present along field boundaries (Fig. 11) that were first depicted on the

tithe map of 1839 (Fig. 5) are likely to comprise ‘important’ hedgerows under the

criteria for archaeology and history of the Hedgerow Regulations 1997, as they pre-

date the Enclosure Act of 1845, and subsequent Acts up to the Commonable Rights

Compensation Act of 1882 (see Appendix 1). Such hedgerows do not comprise

designated historic assets, but are ‘non-designated historic assets’ of low heritage

29


significance. The Regulations are essentially a Notification mechanism, which

requires that appropriate notice be given to the local authority prior to removal.

Fig. 11 Site location plan and ‘important’ hedgerows

As visible on Figure 10 above most of the Site is occupied by the quarry. Most of

the area has already been quarried away or is under exploration.

The area to the east of the Site (Fig. 10, shaded light blue) is the area to which the

quarry will extend its operation. Said part of the Site comprises agricultural fields,

under pasture and/or crop, and small pockets of woodland (Photos 1-4 below).

30


Photo 1 Site facing north

Photo 2 Site facing south-east

31


Photo 3 Site facing south

Photo 4 Site facing south-west

32


Historic landscape The Site is included within the Landmap for Historical Landscape for Wales which

describes the area of the Site as being within a gently undulating landscape

dissected by steep-sided stream valleys to the south and west of Halkyn Mountain,

between heights of 130-260 metres above sea level. Fieldscapes are predominantly

irregular fields of probable medieval origin, with smaller areas of possible strip fields

of medieval origin and of straight-sided fields representing 18th and 19th-century

enclosure of farmland or landscape reorganisation. Present-day settlement is

characterised by scattered farms and by the small nucleated at Rhosesmor which

originated as settlement associated with the mining and quarrying industries in the

19th century. Scattered remains of 19th-century extractive industries, including

mine shafts and limekilns are also characteristic of this area.

As there is no adopted Historic Landscape Characterisation for the area of the Site

this has been created for this assessment using common terminology for this type

of report.

The Site area belongs in part to the Fields and Enclosed Land type and in part to

the Industrial and Extraction type in terms of historic landscape characterisation.

The Fields and Enclosed Land type primarily comprises field parcels of distinct

forms, used for agricultural activities (grazing, arable, stock keeping and water

management). The Industrial and Extraction type primarily comprises more

industrialised areas, usually focussed on major towns, but also localised practices

on a smaller scale which exploited the local geology and watercourses. These types

are very widely distributed across the county.

The history of the Fields and Enclosed Land type has very early origins, with

examples from the later prehistoric period surviving and remaining legible in certain

areas. In addition, remnants of fossilised medieval fields (open fields comprised of

strips or furlongs) are still legible in certain areas of the landscape. The process of

formalised enclosure has early post-medieval origins, and was accelerated in the

18th and 19th centuries when enclosure by Parliamentary Act became prevalent in

certain parts of the county. More recently, there have been substantial changes to

the fieldscapes with re-shaping and boundary change being commonplace.

The fields in the county vary hugely, both in terms of size, morphology and

boundary type. These features help to identify the particular field type (e.g. assart,

33


planned field etc.) and can often be characteristic of particular formation processes

that led to the creation of the field or enclosure. The area followed the general trend

of boundary loss, where smaller fields have been combined to make larger holdings

more suitable for modern agriculture.

The Site in particular is considered to have a group of post-medieval reorganised

fields, a fact clear through the analysis of the historic maps (Fig. 8 to 14), which are

the most common type of field recorded. This means that the fields within the Site

are of no historic or evidential value as historic assets.

The history of the Industrial and Extraction land type can, depending on the site, be

traced to the middle ages, and even earlier, when, as mentioned, more localised

practices on a smaller scale exploited the local resources. Many of these sites were

mills, mines, quarries and limekilns that have since fallen from use, but their

character remains legible in the modern landscape.

The Site contains a modern stone quarry but mining and quarrying activity within

the Site has been recorded since at least the post-medieval period. Despite the

widespread nature of industry in the county some features are distinctive locally and

have a substantial impact on the landscape, since they take advantage of the

landscape elements themselves (i.e. topography, geology). Although explorative

industries have historically been part of the area where the Site is located, the age

and scale of the activities presently within the Site are quite modern and common in

the local and wider area and the lack of survival of historic buildings and/or features

associated means that the Site has no historic or evidential value as a historic

asset.

34


6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE & POTENTIAL

Previous Impacts As illustrated on Figure 10 above only the eastern part of the Site remains

unquarried and has potential for the presence/ survival of archaeological features.

In addition to the modern quarrying activity, and as discussed in Sections 4 and 5,

the presence of several mine shafts and post-medieval quarry sites may have also

truncated archaeological remains.

The significance of known and potential archaeological remains within the Site

Archaeological remains are recorded within the Site, from programmes of

archaeological investigation discussed above in Section 4. The Site is considered to

have potential for further remains of the Prehistoric and post-medieval periods as

follows:

• Bronze Age remains which would have historical and evidential values as

heritage assets, providing information on the early development of

settlement patterns across the area; these would most likely relate to rural

settlement activity including surfaces, buildings, field systems, and a more

limited potential for the presence of inhumations. These would have historic

and evidential values as historic assets; and

• remains associated with the industrial and agricultural use of the area during

the post-medieval period that would have historic and evidential values as

historic assets by providing information on the social and economic

development of the settlement.

Any truncation (physical development effects) upon those less significant non-

designated archaeological remains identified within the Site would primarily result

from groundworks associated with construction. Such groundworks might include:

• pre-construction impacts associated with demolition and ground

investigation works;

• ground reduction;

• construction ground works, including excavation of building foundations,

service trenches and stripping for roads/car parks;

• excavation of new site drainage channels (including soakaways); and

• landscaping and planting.

35


The previous work discussed in Section 3 and which uncovered occupational

Bronze Age and post-medieval deposits mean that some of these deposits may

extend to the remaining areas of the Site.

This assessment has identified that the Site has potential for prehistoric, medieval

and post-medieval deposits confirmed by previous archaeological investigations

undertaken within the Site. Such remains would be of evidential and historic

(illustrative) value, but it is highly unlikely that they would be of such significance

that they would preclude development of the Site. The heritage impacts of their

truncation and / or removal could be mitigated by a programme of appropriate and

proportionate archaeological works to be agreed with the Local Planning Authority.

36


7. THE SETTING OF HERITAGE ASSETS

This section assesses any potential impact effects of the proposed development on

the significance of designated historic assets, through the alteration of their setting.

An initial appraisal, carried out as part of Step 1 of the assessment methodology

utilised readily-available information to determine whether any historic asset’s

setting may be affected by the proposed development. Designated historic assets

within 3km of the Site were scoped into a settings assessment, an approach that is

considered standard for this type for development. These assets have been

mapped on Figure 3 below and are compiled in Appendix 6.

Of the heritage assets recorded within the study area only one was considered

sensitive to the proposed development due to possible changes to its setting. Said

asset comprises the Grade II Listed Engine House at Hendre Quarry (Fig. 12, LB1)

located c.150m to the southeast of the Site. This asset was identified using a

combination of GIS analysis and field examination, which has considered, amongst

other factors, the surrounding topographic and environmental conditions, built form,

vegetation cover, and lines of sight, within the context of the assets’ heritage

significance.

The assessment identified that there would be no nonphysical impact upon the

significance of any other heritage assets as a result of changes to the use and/or

appearance of the Site. These unaffected assets comprise and Scheduled

Monuments and Listed Buildings of varied grades, with the closest ones being:

• Grade II Listed Lygan Uchaf c.420m to the east of the Site (Fig. 12, LB2);

• Grade II Listed Plas Winter c.820m to the northeast of the Site (Fig. 12,

LB3); and

• Grade II Listed Ffynnon Lein c.780m to the west of the Site (Fig. 12, LB4).

Their setting comprises the agricultural hinterland of several small villages and

hamlets, a landscape in which they are best perceptible and intelligible as heritage

assets. This setting would not be altered, and would be preserved, as would the

assets’ key contributing values and views. Views of the surrounding landscape

(including the Site) from these assets are blocked by vegetation, topography and

other built form, and there are no other discernible (nonvisual) historical or

landscape associations between any of these assets and the Site. As such, the

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316000

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318000

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320000

320000

322000

322000

366000 366000

368000 368000

370000 370000

PROJECT TITLE

121:26,000

FIGURE TITLE


Site location showing designated heritage assets

FIGURE NO.

© Crown copyright and database rights 2020Ordnance Survey 0100031673Database and data copyright rights Cadw and Clwyd Powys Archaeological TrustHER team

0 1,250m

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#* Grade I Listed Buildings") Grade II* Listed Buildings$+ Grade II Listed Buildings

38


proposals will not result in any non-physical harm to the significance of these

assets, and they have not been assessed in any further detail.

Subsequent to the scoping exercise the heritage asset identified as being sensitive

was taken through to Steps 2 and 3 of the setting assessment process.

Steps 2 – 3: Assessment of setting and potential effects of the development This section presents the results of Steps 2 to 3 of the settings assessment, which

have been undertaken with regard to those potentially susceptible heritage assets

identified in Step 1. Step 2 considers the contribution that setting makes to the

significance of potentially susceptible heritage assets. Step 3 then considers how, if

at all, and to what extent any anticipated changes to the setting of those assets, as

a result of development within the Site, might affect their significance.

Grade II Listed Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1)

Special architectural and historic interest

The Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1; Photo 5 below) is a c.1865 engine

house originally attached to the mine workings at Hendre. It is built of stone rubble

with brick dressings to openings with 3 storeys with altered or inserted openings to

the front and 2 arched window openings to the top storey on the right hand return

elevation.

The significance of the Engine House at Hendre primarily derives from its historic

(illustrative and associative), aesthetic and communal values embodied by its

physical form. It was listed as a good example of an engine house and due to its

historical associations with the local mining industry.

Physical surroundings (‘what matters and why’)

Grade II Listed Engine House at Hendre is located on the side of a hill on the edge

of Hendre Quarry, c.300m north-west of Hendre and c.180m to the south-east of

the Site.

The setting of the Engine House at Hendre is defined by the scatter of historical and

modern mine and quarry workings surrounded by agricultural fields and farms. This

setting has not changed much over time which makes a positive contribution to the

significance of the Engine House at Hendre since it maintains its legibility within the

landscape albeit not currently being in use.

39


Photo 5 The Engine House at Hendre

Experience (‘what matters and why’)

The Grade II Listed Engine House at Hendre can only be approached through a

private road to Hendre Quarry which runs north off the A541 near Hendre.

Although the experience of the building might be quite limited, due to the private

nature of the road, some public access is available through public rights of way

through the portions of woodland that flank the quarry to the south. This allows a

somewhat close inspection of the building which is still partially legible within the

landscape since it is still connected with the extraction industry. Thus, this

experience makes a positive contribution to the significance of the asset facilitating

an appreciation of both its function and context.

Contribution of the Site

Direct historical associations between the Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1)

and the Site were identified during this assessment. The Engine House was built to

house the big wheel engine, which is now missing, to support the lead mines that

40


once worked within the Site’s area (discussed within Section 3 and 4 of the current

report). Although these mines no longer function, the Site is still under industrial

uses which render the historical links still valid.

The Site is not a location whence the special architectural and historic interest of

the Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1) can typically or is best experienced and

it does not hinder its appreciation. As mentioned to best experience the asset one

needs to be in close proximity. The relative distance and the intervenient vegetation

and built form prevent any current intervisibility between the asset and the Site.

It is considered that the Site is a part of the setting of the Engine House at Hendre

(Fig. 12, LB1) which at present makes a neutral to slightly positive contribution to its

significance due to its continued use for the extraction industry, which allows the

asset to remain somewhat legible within its landscape. As such, the development

within the Site would result in no harm to the significance of the Grade II Listed

Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1).

These results were confirmed during the site visit when it became clear on walking

around the area that the development proposals would introduce little appreciable

change to the wider surroundings of the listed building. Similarly, there will be no

physical harm to any listed features or scheduled monuments associated with

Engine House. As such, it can be concluded that the proposals would not lead to

harm to the historic significance of any Listed Building or Scheduled Monument in

the wider vicinity of the proposed development.

Therefore the proposals would be consistent with the requirements of the Planning

(Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act, 1990 which states that ‘special

regard’ should be given to ‘the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or

any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses’. The

setting of the buildings will be ‘preserved’ i.e. it will not be ‘harmed’.

41


8. CONCLUSIONS

Known historic assets The Site underwent an archaeological excavation in 1989 in advance of a phase of

quarry expansion. The excavations were centred on a mound which was believed to

represent a round barrow of presumed Bronze Age date. This mound has since

been completely removed by quarrying. The results of the excavation proved that

the mound was in fact of natural origin, comprising unconsolidated sands, silts and

gravel. However, it had clearly been the site of activity in the Neolithic and Bronze

Age periods, as a total of nine features were revealed, cut into the mound and the

ground immediately surrounding it.

Several cropmarks identified within the area of the Site to which the quarry will

expand are still extant. Upon examination these were considered to be a post-

medieval trackway and field boundaries which are not considered to be historic

assets.

The historic landscape Examination has shown that the landscape character of the Site, both fields and

explorative industry, does not have any intrinsic historic value in itself. The

proposals will not harm any registered historic landscapes.

Several hedgerows present along field boundaries (Fig. 11) comprise ‘important’

hedgerows under the criteria for archaeology and history of the Hedgerow

Regulations 1997. These are considered to comprise non-designated historic

assets of low heritage significance. The Regulations are essentially a Notification

mechanism, which requires that appropriate notice be given to the local authority

prior to removal.

Potential for currently unrecorded archaeological remains It is considered that there is some potential for the survival of buried remains

relating to the prehistoric period. This is based upon the Neolithic and Bronze Age

features recorded during the 1989 excavation discussed above. If present, such

features would be of archaeological interest. Geophysical survey would inform

further on the presence of any such remains, and is proposed under ‘further survey

and mitigation, below’.

42


There is also some limited potential for below-ground remains of small-scale

industry such as kilns, which may have some historic interest. Geophysical survey

would also inform further on the presence of any such remains.

The setting of historic assets Analysis has been carried out of any non-physical effects of development upon the

setting and significance of any heritage assets in its wider environs. The Grade II

Listed Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1) was found to potentially be

susceptible to change, but assessment has clarified that its significance would not

be harmed by the proposals.

Recommendations It is recommended that detailed magnetometer geophysical survey is carried out

across the agricultural fields of the Site, to provide further information on the

potential for below-ground archaeological remains.

43


9. REFERENCES

Aldhouse-Green S 2000 'The Mesolithic Period' in Lynch, F, eta/ Prehistoric Wales

Brassil K & Gibson A 1999 'A Grooved Ware pit group and Bronze Age multiple inhumation

at Hendre, Rhydymwyn, Flintshire', in Cleal, R, & MacSween, A (Eds), Grooved Ware

in Britain and Ireland, Neolithic Studies Group Seminar Papers 3, Oxford and Oakville:

Oxbow Books.

Cadw 2011 Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable

Management of the Historic Environment in Wales

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists 2017 Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment

Desk-Based Assessment

CPAT 1999 Site Visit Record PRN100228

CPAT 2000 Prehistoric Funerary & Ritual Sites: Flintshire and Wrexham, Clwyd Powys

Archaeological Trust Project Report no 351

CPAT 2008 Hendre Quarry, Rhydymwyn, Mold, Flintshire Archaeological Assessment for an

Application for the Determination of New Conditions, Clwyd Powys Archaeological

Trust Report no 930

CA 2019 Hendre Quarry, Fintshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for a Heritage Desk-

Based Assessment, Cotswold Archaeology Report no CR0167_1

Davies E 1949 Prehistoric and Roman Remains of Flintshire

Hallam HE (ed.) 1988 The Agrarian History of England and Wales Vol. II 1042-1350,

Cambridge University Press

Havard T, Darvill T and Alexander M 2016 A Bronze Age Round Barrow Cemetery, Pit

Alignments, Iron Age Burials, Iron Age Copper Working and Later Activity at Four

Crosses, Llandysilio, Powys in Archaeological Journal, DOI

Lewis S 1933 A Topographical Dictionary of Wales, Lewis and Co

Lynch F 2000 'The Earlier Neolithic' in Lynch, F eta / Prehistoric Wales

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government 2019 National Planning Policy

Framework (NPPF)

Owen HW and Gruffydd KL 2017 Place-names of Flintshire, University of Wales Press

Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 Act of UK Parliament

44


Strahan A 1890 Memoirs of the Geological Survey: The Geology of the Neighbourhoods of

Flint, Mold, and Ruthin, London: HMSO.

The Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales 1981 An Inventory of

the Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan, Vol. IV: Domestic Archjitecture from the

Reformation to the Industrial Revolution, Part I: The Great Houses, Cardiff: Her

Majesty’s Stationery Office

Watson S 2015 Hendre Quarry Western Extension: Watching Brief

Welsh Archaeological Trusts 2018 Guidance for the Submission of Data to the Welsh

Historic Environment Records (HERs)

Welsh Government 2017a Technical Advice Note 24: The Historic Environment (TAN24)

Welsh Government 2017b Setting of Historic Assets in Wales

Welsh Government 2018 Planning Policy Wales Edition 10

Cartographic sources (viewed at Flintshire Record Office, The Genealogist and Landmark) 1839 Tithe Map for the Parish of Halkyn

1886 1st Edition Ordnance Survey Map

1919 Ordnance Survey Map


1947-1952 Ordnance Survey Map







1972-1973 Ordnance Survey Map



45


Subsequent Ordnance Survey maps viewed at: http://www.envirocheck.co.uk/ and included

as Appendix 3

Documentary Sources

Flintshire Record Office, Hawarden

DIDM12001l Sale particulars of the Cilcain Hall Estate, 1874

DIDMl2601l-S North Hendre Mine documents, 1870-1900

DIDMl260/7-23 Halkyn and Hendre Lime Company documents, 1889-1950

Aerial photographs (Appendix 4) 1948 4837 RAF541_2064062

1974 7401 MAL3774 175

1985 8534 JAS5084 90

2009 Nextperspectives PGA_SJ1967_2009-04-20

http://www.envirocheck.co.uk/

46


APPENDIX 1: HERITAGE STATUTE POLICY & GUIDANCE

Flintshire County Council Unitary Development Plan 2000-2015 Policies:

• HE1 development affecting Conservation Areas

• HE2 Development affecting listed buildings and their settings

• HE3 Demolition in Conservation Areas

• HE4 Buildings of local interest

• HE5 Protection of Registered Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special

Historic Interest

• HE6 Scheduled Ancient Monuments and other nationally important

archaeological sites

• HE7 Other sites of lesser archaeological significance

• HE8 Recording of historic permitted features

http://www.cartogold.co.uk/flintshire/text/english/09.htm The Hedgerow Regulations The 1997 Hedgerow Regulations were made under section 97 of the Environment Act 1995,

and introduced arrangements for Local Planning Authorities to protect ‘important’ hedgerows

in the countryside, by controlling their removal through a system of notification. The DEFRA

publication ‘The Hedgerows Regulations 1997: A Guide to the Law and Good Practice’ is a

useful guide in this respect. The Regulations provide criteria for assessing whether a

hedgerow is ‘important’ for the purposes of the Regulations. To qualify as ‘important’ a

hedgerow must have existed for 30 years or more, and all of the hedges within the site pass

this initial test.

Following this, hedges must fulfil at least one of the criteria in the Schedule 1 criteria. Those

for ‘archaeology and history’ comprise Part II, namely:

1. Marking the boundary of a historic parish;

2. The hedgerow incorporates an archaeological feature recorded on historic

environment record (HER);

3. The hedgerow is situated within a site or on land adjacent to a site on the Historic

Environment Record (HER; which replaced the SMR);

http://www.cartogold.co.uk/flintshire/text/english/09.htm

47


4. The hedgerow marks early estate boundaries, or related;

5. The hedgerow is recorded in a document held at the relevant date at a Record Office

as an integral part of a field system pre-dating the Enclosure Acts. This criterion is the

subject of debate and differing interpretation. Some heritage professionals interpret the

criterion referring to the individual Enclosure Act for the parish in which a site is

located, and numerous Acts were made in the 18th century (including the 1773

Enclosure Act). However, the criterion references the Short Titles Act of 1896, and it is

commonly interpreted by LPAs and heritage professionals that it thus refers to the

Enclosure Act of 1845, and subsequent Acts up to the Commonable Rights

Compensation Act of 1882. This is pertinent, as it sets a date of 1845 as a benchmark

test.

48


APPENDIX 2: GAZETTEER OF SELECTED RECORDED HERITAGE ASSETS

CA Ref. Description Grade/Period NGR

Cadw ref. HER ref.

1 Large mound in field called Cae'r Orsedd originally thought to be a round barrow

Bronze Age SJ19426838 100231

2 An area of Bronze Age occupation Bronze Age SJ1898268192 128734

3 A possible barrow, much spread by ploughing. Bronze Age SJ18316851 100228

4 Ciliam Hall, medieval hall house. Medieval SJ1860168308 99001

5 Medieval strip field system Medieval SJ1849669099 99207

6 Plas Wilkin strip fields Medieval SJ1940867041 99143

7 Hen Blas quillet Medieval SJ2027767092 99227

8 Medieval strip fields Medieval SJ1943666846 99185

9 Ffynnon Leinw (well) Medieval SJ18636767 32315

10 Hendre, shaft II Post-Medieval SJ1909068300 128627

11 Hendre, North Lead/Silver Post-Medieval SJ19306820 18099

12 Hendre, shaft I Post-Medieval SJ1959068210 128626

13 Hendre Quarry Limekiln Post-Medieval SJ19376804 103412

14 Hendre Figillt Post-Medieval SJ1940567934 128625

15 Hendre Figallt Lead (19th century) Workings Post-Medieval SJ19506790 18098

16 Terraced trackway. Now abandoned Post-Medieval SJ1964068050 128629

17 Hendre-figillt, old shaft (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1928067902 126639

18 Coed Fron Drain, old shaft (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1878268031 126670

19 Bryn Charlotte well Post-Medieval SJ1881167909 99208

20 Fron Farm Limekiln Post-Medieval SJ18786860 103414

49



Cadw ref. HER ref.

21 Efail Percy Smithy Post-Medieval SJ18836770 103421

22 Tyddyn-y-Barcud Lead (19th century) Workings Post-Medieval SJ18806760 18248

23 Taylor's Engine House Post-Medieval SJ2020268102 99002

24 Wern-y-Gaer/Nantfigallt Post-Medieval SJ20506850 18224

25 Hendre Quarry Engine House Post-Medieval SJ1983167783 103373

26 Hendre Limeworks Post-Medieval SJ1973367790 98998

27 Hendre, old shaft (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1953867730 126671

28 Felin Newydd (Mill building) Post-Medieval SJ19346764 103413

29 Glan-yr-afon, limekiln Post-Medieval SJ1954067612 126675

30 Glan-yr-afon, limekilns Post-Medieval SJ1953667594 126674

31 Glan-yr-afon, quarry building I Post-Medieval SJ1949767569 126676

32 Glan-yr-afon, quarry building II Post-Medieval SJ1949667530 126677

33 Hendre Limekiln Post-Medieval SJ195675 104072

34 Coed Du Mound Post-Medieval SJ1945967335 99142

35 Garreg-boeth, old shaft VIII (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1920467340 126919

36 Garreg-boeth, old shaft VI (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1911967325 126916

37 Garreg-boeth, old shaft VII (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1911467312 126918

38 Garreg-boeth, old shaft V (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1908967308 126915

39 Felin Newydd Mill Leet Post-Medieval SJ1926567619 98997

40 Felin Newydd, shaft III Post-Medieval SJ1918867577 126668

41 Felin Newydd, horse whim Post-Medieval SJ1909167553 126669

42 Felin Newydd, shaft I Post-Medieval SJ1908467553 126667

50



Cadw ref. HER ref.

43 Felin Newydd, shaft II Post-Medieval SJ1906467546 126666

44 Garreg-boeth, old shaft IV (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1903967289 126914

45 Garreg-boeth, old shaft III (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1901367263 126913

46 Garreg-Boeth lead mine Post-Medieval SJ19006720 18247

47 Lead/Silver (1864-1877) Working Post-Medieval SJ18606930 18191

48a and b Lead (1889-1893) Workings Post-Medieval SJ18706910 18102

49 Lead (19th century) Workings Post-Medieval SJ18856885 103424

50 Saw pit seen on 1840 Tithe Schedule. No visible remains Post-Medieval SJ18808687

91 98995

51 Cilcain Hall Kiln Post-Medieval SJ18566854 104103

52 Cilcen Hall Lead (1867-1871) Workings Post-Medieval SJ18606850 18043

53 Bryngwiog Mine; Nantygo Mine Lead/Silver/Zinc (Early 19th century-1907) Post-Medieval SJ19346923 103375

54 Plas Winter Mine Chimney Post-Medieval SJ19956915 23368

55 Llety'r Eos Farm Limekiln Post-Medieval SJ19956903 103410

56 Lead/ Silver (Early 19th century-1987) Workings. Hendre Mines Post-Medieval SJ20206780 18096

57 Halkyn, South/ Halkyn, Rhydymwyn Post-Medieval SJ20306780 18094

Designated Heritage Assets

LB1 Engine House at Hendre

Post-Medieval Grade II Listed

SJ1983167783 525

LB2 Lygan Uchaf Post-Medieval Grade II Listed

320178, 368227 26206

LB3 Plas Winter Post-Medieval Grade II Listed

319837, 369318 282

LB4 Ffynnon Lein Post-Medieval Grade II Listed

318600, 367700 297

51


APPENDIX 3: HISTORIC ORDNANCE SURVEY MAPPING

52


APPENDIX 4: AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

53


APPENDIX 5: WRITTEN SCHEME OF INVESTIGATION

Hendre Quarry,

Flintshire

Written Scheme of investigation for a Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment

CA Project: CR0167

CA Report: CR0167_1

October 2019

Hendre Quarry,

Flintshire

Written Scheme of investigation for a Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment

CA Project: CR0167

CA Report: CR0167_1

prepared by Claudia Jorge, Heritage Consultant

date October 2019

checked by Richard Morton, Principal Heritage Consultant

date

October 2019

approved by

Joanne Robinson, Heritage Consultant

signed

date October 2019

issue 1

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third

party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

Cirencester Building 11 Kemble Enterprise Park Cirencester Gloucestershire GL7 6BQ t. 01285 771022 f. 01285 771033

Milton Keynes Unit 8 – The IO Centre Fingle Drive Stonebridge Milton Keynes Buckinghamshire MK13 0AT t. 01908 564660

Andover Stanley House Walworth Road Andover Hampshire SP10 5LH t. 01264 347630

Exeter Unit 1 – Clyst Units Cofton Road Marsh Barton Exeter EX2 8QW t. 01392 573970

Suffolk Unit 5, Plot 11 Maitland Road Lion Barn Industrial Estate Needham Market Suffolk IP6 8NZ t. 01449 900120

e. [email protected]

1

Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: WSI for a Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 2

2. BACKGROUND........................................................................................................ 2

3. OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................... 4

4. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 4

5. STAFF AND TIMETABLE ......................................................................................... 7

6. ANALYSIS AND REPORTING ................................................................................. 8

7. HEALTH AND SAFETY ............................................................................................ 9

8. INSURANCES .......................................................................................................... 9

9. QUALITY ASSURANCE ........................................................................................... 9

10. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 10

2


1. INTRODUCTION

This Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) was prepared in October 2019 by 1.1.

Cotswold Archaeology, a Registered Organisation with the Chartered Institute for

Archaeologists. It sets out a scope and methodology for a Historic Environment

Desk-Based Assessment of land at Hendre Quarry, Hendre, Flintshire. The

assessment has been commissioned by SLR Planning on behalf of Tarmac.

This WSI has been guided in its composition by the ‘Standard and Guidance for 1.2.

Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment’ (CIfA, 2017); Draft Advice, Policy

and Guidance for Wales, and the Technical Advice Note 24 - Historic Environment

(Cadw, 2017). The assessment report will be subject to the approval of the WSI by

the Planning Archaeologist of the Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust, in order to

seek agreement on the scope and methodology of the project, prior to undertaking

the assessment. Upon completion a copy of the document will be sent to the Clwyd

Powys Archaeological Trust and the RCAHMW for deposition.

2. BACKGROUND

The Site (Fig. 1) comprises a total of c.36.5ha in area which include the Hendre 2.1.

quarry and a series of surrounding agricultural fields.

Within the 1km study area proposed for this exercise there are: 2.2.

• 11 Grade II Listed Buildings: Trellyniau Back (Cadw record no.26199); Plas

Winter (Cadw record no.282); Lygan Uchaf (Cadw record no.26206): Engine

House at Hendre (Cadw record no.525); Ffynnon Leinw (Cadw record

no.297); Plas Wilkin including attached farmyard ranges (Cadw record

no.16435); Lime Kiln (Cadw record no.16441); Brick Kiln and Stack (Cadw

record no.26205); Ore Dressing Shed (Cadw record no.26204); Boiler Stack

at Taylor’s Shaft (Cadw record no.262030; and Taylor’s Shaft Engine House

(Cadw record no.26202).

From an initial high-level review of available sources only one non-designated 2.3.

archaeological asset appears to be recorded within the proposed Site. This relates

to Hendre Farm Barrow (Cadw record no.100231) a large mound within a field

called Cae'r Orsedd originally thought to be a round barrow and excavated in 1989

which revealed several inhumations.

3



Several records of occupation pertaining to the Bronze Age period are located 2.4.

within the study area (Cadw record no.10228, 100250 and 100243) as well as a

post-medieval holy well (Cadw record no.100239).

4


3. OBJECTIVES

This assessment will fully assess the known and potential historic assets within the 3.1.

site, their survival and significance. The objectives of the desk-based assessment

will be:

• to identify designated heritage constraints within the Site and study area;

• to gather information on non-designated recorded historic assets through

desk-based research, and through available archaeological survey

information;

• to assess the above baseline information, and offer an analysis of the

potential for currently unrecorded historic assets within the site;

• to assess, as far as possible, the likely depth and extent of any below-

ground archaeological deposits within the site; and

• to assess the value of the historic assets affected by the proposed

development and, where possible, the impact of the proposed development

upon the value of these assets, including the setting of designated historic

assets.

4. METHODOLOGY

Key Heritage Policy and Guidance This content, aims and method set out in this WSI have been guided by the 4.1.

following key documents:

• Planning Policy Wales (Welsh Government Edition 10, 2018);

• TAN24 (Welsh Government 2017);

• Conservation Principles (Cadw 2011);

• Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment

(CIfA 2017)

• Setting of Historic Assets in Wales (2017); and

• Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales

• The ‘Guidance for the Submission of data to the Welsh Historic Environment

Records’ produced by the Welsh Archaeological Trusts (2018)

5


Desk-Based Assessment The desk-based research and sources will be based upon the ‘Standard and 4.2.

Guidance for historic environment assessments’ produced by the Chartered

Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA 2017). Cotswold Archaeology is a Registered

Organisation with the CIfA, and the project will be managed and technically

coordinated by a Member of the Institute.

The archaeological assessment will utilise a minimum study area of 1km around the 4.3.

boundary of the proposed Site. Data will be collated from published and archive

sources of archaeological, historical, geographical, topographical and

environmental information relevant to the area of the development using the

following sources:

• The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales

(RCAHMW) for details of designated heritage assets including Scheduled

monuments, Listed buildings and Registered Parks and Gardens;

• The Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT) Historic Environment

Records for details of previously completed archaeological works in the

vicinity and recorded heritage assets;

• Aerial photographs curated by the Central Register of Aerial Photographs for

Wales;

• The Flintshire Archives, for documentary sources and historic mapping of

relevance to the historical development of the site and its surroundings;

• Remote sensing resources, i.e. LIDAR (provided by Natural Resources

Wales);

• Relevant national and local planning policy documentation; and

• A walkover survey of the proposed site and its environs to assess and

document any extant evidence of heritage assets, any evidence of previous

disturbance within the area of the Site and the setting of historic assets.

Value of historic assets

The value of historic assets is best defined by the Cadw guidance Conservation 4.4.

Principles (2011), which describes value as a combination of evidential value;

historical value; aesthetic value; and communal value.

Evidential value derives from those elements of an historic asset that can provide 4.5.

evidence about past human activity, including its physical remains or historic fabric.

6


Historical value may derive from particular aspects of past ways of life, or 4.6.

association with notable families, persons, events or movements – it embodies the

connection between past events and society with the present.

Aesthetic value derives from the sensory and intellectual stimulation drawn from an 4.7.

historic asset. It may include its physical form, and how it lies within its setting. It

may also be the result of design, or an unplanned outcome of a process of events.

Communal value derives from the meanings that an historic asset has for the 4.8.

people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or

memory. It may be commemorative or symbolic, and relate to issues of identity or

collective memory.

The setting of historic assets This assessment has been undertaken in accordance with the approach outlined in 4.9.

the Welsh Government’s publication ‘Setting of Historic Assets in Wales’ (Cadw

2017). This publication provides guidance on setting and development

management, including the assessment of the implications of proposed

Development. It reiterates that ‘the setting of a heritage asset is the surroundings in

which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed, and may change as

the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or

negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to

appreciate that significance or may be neutral'. In accordance with the guidance,

the extent of the setting of a heritage asset is not fixed, and can evolve periodically.

All historic assets have a setting, and features of a setting may make a positive or 4.10.

negative contribution to significance, and may affect the appreciation of the asset.

They can remain neutral. The extent and importance of setting is often expressed

by reference to visual considerations, but can also comprise other elements which

contribute to the ways in which a historic asset is experienced, including factors

such as noise, vibrations, dust or other pollutants; spatial associations; the rarity of

comparable survivals of setting, and associative relationships between historic

assets.

The methodology for the assessment of the setting of historic assets employed by 4.11.

Cotswold Archaeology has been informed by this guidance, which has been widely

adopted by local planning authorities in Wales. A stepped approach is

recommended for assessing the implications of development proposals.

7


The first step is to consider the site context, and whether, from a heritage point of 4.12.

view, there are other reasonable alternatives that should be preferred for

development. In addition, this step identifies the historic assets affected, and the

aspects of their settings which would be affected by the proposed Development.

Step 2 is to assess whether, how, and to what degree, these settings make a 4.13.

positive contribution to the significance of the historic asset(s), i.e. ‘what matters

and why’. This includes a consideration of the key attributes of the historic asset

itself, and then considers:

• The physical surroundings of the asset, including its relationship with other

historic assets; and

• The way in which the asset is appreciated.

Step 3 (where appropriate) is to assess the effect of the proposed Development on 4.14.

the significance of historic assets through consideration of the key attributes of the

proposed Development in terms of its:

• Location and siting;

• Form and appearance;

• Additional effects; and

• Permanence.

Step 4 is to maximise enhancement and minimise harm, and Step 5 refers to 4.15.

making and documenting the decision and monitoring outcomes.

The settings assessment presented in this report includes consideration of Steps 1 4.16.

to 3, which are the steps normally undertaken to inform the planning process. Step

4 is carried out when it is considered necessary to specifically design or redesign a

scheme to take historic assets into account. This is not considered necessary in this

case. Step 5 is a subsequent stage, and is not applicable to this assessment.

5. STAFF AND TIMETABLE

This project will be under the management of Richard Morton, Principal Heritage 5.1.

Consultant, Cotswold Archaeology. The assessment will be undertaken, and the

subsequent report produced by a Cotswold Archaeology Heritage Consultant. The

data collation, analysis and assessment report should take approximately three

weeks to compile.

8


6. ANALYSIS AND REPORTING

The information collated will initially be assembled into a workable database, cross-6.1.

referenced to the original sources. The assessment report will begin with a non-

technical summary both in English and Welsh, in accordance with Guidance for the

Submission of Data to the Welsh Historic Environment Records (WAT 2018),

outlining in plain language the principal reasons for the work, its aims and main

results. The introduction will then set out the circumstances leading to the

commission of the report, any restrictions on reporting or access to relevant

records, size, surface geology and topography of the study area. Any variation from

the methodologies set out in this project specification will be detailed and explained

within the methodology section of the report.

The known and potential heritage assets will be outlined clearly and objectively in 6.2.

relation to the methods used, organised by archaeological period or type, and with

reference to, or inclusion of, supporting evidence. Evidence of medieval and post-

medieval agricultural use of the site, and the potential for this activity to mask earlier

archaeological deposits, will be assessed. The results will be interpreted and put

into context in terms of significance. A comprehensive list of sources consulted, with

full bibliographic details, will be provided at the back of the report.

The assessment will be supported with illustrative material, including at least one 6.3.

figure showing known or potential heritage assets within or affecting the proposed

scheme. Where possible, areas of greater or lesser potential will be defined and the

effects of previous construction, industrial and other intrusive activity taken into

account. Other constraints, in particular the boundary of Scheduled Monuments, will

be plotted in relation to the current proposals.

Detailed Scope of Report Contents The report will contain the following information: 6.4.

• Non-technical summary

• Introduction

• Planning background, including aims and objectives

• Description of proposed development

• Methodology

• Site topography and geology

9


• Archaeological and historic background

• Cartographic background

• Aerial photographs

• Walkover survey

• Assessment of impact (physical and settings)

• Preliminary recommendations for work

• Conclusions

• References and bibliography

The report will be submitted to the Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust for approval. 6.5.

Following approval copies of the DBA will be lodged with the Clwyd Powys

Archaeological Trust for inclusion within the HER as well as to the RCAHMW for

deposition.

7. HEALTH AND SAFETY

CA will conduct all works in accordance with the Health and Safety at Work Act 7.1.

1974 and all subsequent Health and Safety legislation, and CA Health, Safety and

Welfare Policy (2010).

8. INSURANCES

CA holds Public Liability Insurance to a limit of £10,000,000 and Professional 8.1.

Indemnity Insurance to a limit of £5,000,000. No claims have been made or are

pending against these policies in the last three years.

9. QUALITY ASSURANCE

CA is a Registered Organisation (RO) with the Institute for Archaeologists (RO Ref. 9.1.

No. 8). As a RO, CA endorses the Code of Conduct (CIfA 2010) and the Code of

Approved Practice for the Regulation of Contractual Arrangements in Field

Archaeology (CIfA 2008). All CA Project Managers and Project Officers hold either

full Member or Associate status within the CIfA.

CA operates an internal quality assurance system in the following manner. Projects 9.2.

are overseen by a Project Manager who is responsible for the quality of the project.

The Project Manager reports to the Chief Executive who bears ultimate

responsibility for the conduct of all CA operations. Matters of policy and corporate

10


strategy are determined by the Board of Directors, and in cases of dispute recourse

may be made to the Chairman of the Board.

10. REFERENCES

Cadw 2011 Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable

Management of the Historic Environment in Wales

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists 2017 Standard and Guidance for Historic

Environment Desk-Based Assessment.

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, 2019 National

Planning Policy Framework (NPPF).

Welsh Archaeological Trusts 2018 Guidance for the Submission of Data to the

Welsh Historic Environment Records (HERs)

Welsh Government 2018 Planning Policy Wales Edition 10

Welsh Government 2017 Technical Advice Note 24: The Historic Environment

(TAN24)

Welsh Government 2017 Setting of Historic Assets in Wales

11

Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, Heritage DBA

54


APPENDIX 6: GAZETEER OF HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN A 3KM STUDY AREA Assets in order from north to south.

Description Grade/Period Cadw ref. HER ref.

Round Barrow 180m east of Mwccwd Scheduled Monument FL040

Hen-y-Fail Round Barrow Scheduled Monument FL168

Moel y Gaer Camp Scheduled Monument FL011

Round Barrow 450m east of Penbedw Hall Scheduled Monument FL134

Penbedw Park Stone Circle & Standing Stone Scheduled Monument FL008

Ministry of Supply Valley Site Scheduled Monument FL210

Plas Winter II 282 Ffynnon Leinw II 297 Ty Isa II 299

Church of St Michael and All Angels II*

308

Walgoch II* 311 Plas-yn-rhos II 325 Coedybrain II 345 Garneddwen Fawr II 346 Engine House at Hendre II 525 Church of St Mary I 542 Beehive Pigsty at Peacock Farm II 553

Telephone Call-box at entrance to Cross Foxes public house II

577

Bryn Alyn House II 590 Coed Du Hospital II 4851 Milestone II 7503

Former Cartshed and Byre at Pen-y-Cefn Farm II

7575

Hesp Alyn II 7576 Bath House II 7578 Barn at Cefn Isa II 13387 Pen-y-Cefn II 14817 Ffagnallt II 14888 Llyn-y-Pandy Calvinistic Methodist Chapel (including attached chapel house, forecourt walls & gate

II

16129

Pen-y-Fron Baptist Chapel (including burial ground walls). II 16133 Bryn-Gwyn (including front Garden walls and stone outbuildings II 16134 Plas Wilkin (Including attached farmyard ranges) II 16435 Lime Kiln at Pen-y-Gelli Farm II 16439 Church of St John II* 16440 Lime Kiln II 16441 Lime Kiln at Tre-Lan II 16442 Halkyn Castle and attached Stable Block II* 17792 Hawthorn Cottage II 20279 Hen Rake, including attached Garden and Yard Walls II 24117 Trellyniau Fawr II 24538 Barn with attached stable and pigsties at Garneddwen Fawr II 24664 Bakehouse at Garneddwen Fawr II 24665 Rhewl II 24670

55


Gate piers at original entrance to Coedybrain II 24677 Waen Farm II 24685 Ysgol Rhos Helyg II 25848 Lime Kilns II 26149 Halkyn Library Hall II 26150 Hillside II 26151 Former Shippon at Rosemount II 26152 Rosemount II 26153 Lygan y Llan Farmhouse including Forecourt Walls and Railings II 26154 Old Church School II 26156 Lych Gate with attached II 26157 Churchyard Walls at the Church of St Mary II 26162 Black Lion Farm II 26163 Stable at Black Lion Farm II 26164 Tir y Coed II 26165 The Old Vicarage II 26187 Shifna-hyr Farmhouse II 26188 Cart House, Granary and Pigeon II 26189 Loft at Shifna-hyr Farm II 26190 Stable and Shippon at Shifna-hyr Farm II 26191 Caerfallwch II 26193 Bryn Glas Smithy II 26195 Stable and Granary at Trellyniau Fawr II 26196 Christ Church II 26197 Church of St Paul II 26198 The Old Hall II 26199 Folly W of The Old Hall II 26200 Trellyniau Bach II 26201 Gate Piers and attached Walls at entrance to Halkyn Castle II 26202 Top Lodge II 26203 Taylor's Shaft Engine House II 26204 Boiler Stack at Taylor's Shaft II 26205 Ore Dressing Shed II 26206 Brick Kiln and Stack II 26207 Lygan Uchaf II 26214 Rhosesmor war memorial II 26216 Bryn Idris II 26217 2 Halkyn Old Hall II 26218 The Stores House II 26220 Isfryn II 26905 Lime Kiln II 26906 Tyn-Llan II 26907 1 Tai Cochion II 26908 2 Tai Cochion II 26909 The Old Rectory II 26910 Rectory Cottage II 26911 Former stable at The Old II 26912 Rectory II 26913 Coach House at Rectory Cottage II 26914 Nannerch Hall II 26915 Lime kiln S of Bwlch House II 26916 Mold Lodge II 26920 Gelli Bach II 26924 Cow house at Gelli Bach II 26925 Cow House at Walgoch Farm II 26926 Stable in park at Penbedw II 82707 Nannerch war memorial II 87560 Gate piers, gate and flanking walls at Mold Lodge II 87561 Lane Cottage II 87562 Pyro Building P4 (Carillion Building 59) at Rhydymwyn Valley Site II 87563

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Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, Heritage DBA

hendre quarry, mold, flintshire

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