hendrik bohne head of sales - large projects asia & middle ... bohne.pdf · head of sales -...
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Introduction to PV Technology
Hendrik Bohne
Head of Sales - Large Projects Asia & Middle East
10 December 2009
2#17-Dec-09
Agenda
| Introduction
| About Conergy
| Why PV?
| How does PV work?
| Introduction to the Technologies
| Motivation for PV and Possible Applications
| BIPV
| Large Scale Plants
| Case Studies
| Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – University Solar Power Pla nt
| US Embassy Geneva – Building Integrated PV
| Conclusions
3#17-Dec-09
…with 10 years of experience in the photovoltaic bu siness
| 10 years of experiencein financing, project management and installation
| the largest solar parks of| in the world (4 MW, 2002)| in Asia (24 MW, 2008)| in Germany (1,6 MW, 2001)| in Northern Germany (4,2 MW, 2009)
Conergy 1999 - 2009
Close to the customer Strong in sales Experienced
| present in 14 countries on four continents
| sales and service networkclose to the customer
| 10,000 customerssuccessfully served
| 1.25 Gigawattrenewable energy sold
| almost 1 Gigawattsolar modules worldwide sold
| 460 Megawatt installed in solar projects
| founded in Hamburg in 1999
| listed company since 2005
| TecDAX listed since 2005
| € 1.006 billion revenue in 2008
| 1,700 employees
Conergy Key Facts
Conergy is one of Europe‘s leading solar companies…
4#17-Dec-09
Conergy has a broad competence portfolio in the sol ar sector…
Own production Made in Germany Partnerships with manufacturers
Modules Inverters MountingSystems
Service-products
| Modules| Inverters| Mounting Systems
Projectdevelopment Financing
O&M
Installation
Engin-eering
Solar systems and solar parks Components, kits, services
| for project developers and investors
| for installers in the Conergy network
5#17-Dec-09
Solar Thermal Solar Water Heater
PV Plants BIPV Solar Cooling
Hybrid System
Biomass
Geothermal
BIPV
PV is one of the available Renewable Energy solutio ns
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Why PV?
| Fast Construction
| Rapid Engagement
| Business Value
| Easy Project Cost Controlling (needs less components)
| Track record of achieving Cost Savings
| Proven, Reliable Technology
| Expected output is achieved
| Thousands of Installed Deployments
| Flexibility & Modularity
| Size & Space Demands
| Multiple Configurations & Applications
| Solar Plants
| Roof Top Installation
| Building Integrated
| Output Warranties
| Minimal O & M Requirements
| Huge Growth Potential
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Module price reduction will lead to grid parity by 2015
1
10
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Euro/Wp
2
5
Module price in €/Wp vs. cumulated installed capacity[Source: Fraunhofer Institute]
8#17-Dec-09
Solar Radiation Profile of the Middle East
Middle East
Source: Solarbuzz 2008 European Major PV Markets
Germany
Compared to most other countries, the Middle East h as rich solar resources which underscores the enormous market potential for PV.
Middle East vs. Other Regions
|Insolation rates in Germany range from 900 kWh/m2 per year in the north to 1,250 kWh/m2 per year in the south, averaging 1,075 kWh/m2 per year.
Source: IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Program, 2003
| Solar radiation in Saudi Arabia varies between a min of 1630 kWh /m2 per yr at Tabuk and max of 2560 kWh/m2 per yr at Bisha with the mean ave at 2060 kWh/m2 per yr.
Source: German Aerospace Center (DLR), 2005
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How does PV work?
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Solar PowerSystems
Off-grid PV Systems
Grid-feeding PV Systems
Solar PVPower Plants
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Photovoltaic
Off-grid Photovoltaic
Grid-feeding Photovoltaic
• Campervan• Calculator battery• Parking Ticket machines• Satellites• Homes and applications far away from the grid
Photovoltaic produced energygets fed into the grid at once.The generators are 1 kWp to > 20 000 kWp big PV arrays
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Photovoltaic feed in system
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PV Feed in Systems
Necessary parts are:
| Modules| Inverter| Mounting Structure| DC disconnect| Electricity meter| Cables| AC appliances / Switchgear/ Substations
solar radiation
photovoltaic modules
direct current inverter alternative current public grid
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ModulesModules
Wafer technology85% market share
Thin-Film technology15 % market share
Other technologies
MonocrystallineEfficiency = 14-19%
Polycrystalline Efficiency = 13-14%
A-SI:H Efficiency = 6 - 9%
CDTeEfficiency = 10 %
CIS Efficiency = 7 - 12%
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Solar Cells
| Different cell structures with different appearance, transparency and energy efficiency
Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorpheus Thin Film
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PV Modules
| Many cells are combined within one module
| In series and in parallels
| Module build up:
| Aluminium coverage (frame)
| Sealing
| Glass
| EVA (transparent & electrically insulating)
| Cell
| Tedlar-foil (encapsulation)tedlar-foil
cell
EVAglass
sealing
aluminium coverage
17#17-Dec-09
| Physical effect
| Semiconductors, mostly silicon
| Differently endowed
| Emergence of an electric field
| At incidence of light:
| Electrons swinging
| Positive and negative charges move to other side of the cell; electric voltage evolves
| Tap via metallic electrodes; when connecting a load electricity flows
negative electrode
positive electrode
n-endowed silicon
barrier layer
p-endowed silicon
PV Modules
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The yield depends on tilt azimuth and declination
2-11Unerschöpfliche Energie von der Sonne
W
SO
Süd
West Ost
NordJährliche Einstrahlung in %
Neigungs-winkel
Beispiel
Beispiel: 30°/45°Südwest/ ≈95%
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Temperature Effects on Module Types
3-14Photovoltaischer Effekt
Thinfilm is less prone to temperature losses
Cell Temperature is generally higher than ambient temperature!
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I V curve depending on the intension of the radiati on
3-15Photovoltaischer Effekt
UMPP-Bereich
Modulspannung U in V
Mod
ulst
rom
I in
A
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Sun movement on different days of the year (norther n hemisphere)
2-4
W
S
N
O
04:00
08:3306:20
21. Dezember
21. September
21. JuniZenit
21. März
Unerschöpfliche Energie von der Sonne
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What does this mean in numbers?
2-4Unerschöpfliche Energie von der Sonne
Rule of Thumb:
Output I can expect: 1,300 kWh per kWp installed ove r the course of a year
What area do I need: Crystalline Rooftop: 5 – 6 m2/ kWp (flat installation)
Crystalline Freefield: 8 – 13 m2/ kWp (due to shading )
Thinfilm: ~ 30% more area
Loss due to dust: 2-3% during the first one to two w eeks of dust built-up
Water usage: Water is not necessarily needed. Twice a year has proven to be
sufficient. Clean with dust wipers!
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The attachment of the modules
| Post latch plate systems | Facade hanger
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The attachment of the modules
| Rooftop Mounting | Free-field Mounting
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PV Wafer/Cell/Module Manufacturing Video
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Agenda
| Introduction
| Why PV?
| How does PV work?
| Introduction to the Technologies
| Motivation for PV and Possible Applications
| BIPV
| Large Scale Plants
| Case Studies
| Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – University Solar Power Pla nt
| US Embassy Geneva – Building Integrated PV
| Conclusions
27#17-Dec-09
BIPV: Where can it be applied?R
oofin
gF
acade
Slopedroofs
Flatroofs
Overheadglazing
Canopies
Curtainwall
Claddingsystem
Sun-shades
Balconies
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BIPV - Roof Integrated Application (Slates – Tiles – Shingl es)
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BIPV - Shading Elements
| Sunscreens using translucent modules which are common for office and institutionial buildings
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BIPV - Facades
| Modules can be integrated as the outer skin
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Large Scale PV Plants
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Building Integrated PV Project – Switzerland
│ Location: St. Moritz
│ Start of operation: 2003
│ Output: 23.33 kWp
│ Covered surface: 212 m²
│ Integration type: Hung facade
│ Special modules from Creaglas
Successful implementation of a
PV-System in an extremely
demanding environment.
33#17-Dec-09
Tracking System Project – Spain
│ Location: Chincilla
│ Start of operation: 2007
│ Output: 3 MWp
│ No of modules: 18,000
│ No of tracking systems: 390
│ Surface covered: 146,400 m²
Conergy SolarOptimus
Tracking System increases
energy yield by 30%.
34#17-Dec-09
PV Power Plant Project – South Korea
│Location: SinAn
│Start of operation: June 2008
│Output: 18 MWp
│No of modules: 109,000
│Covers electricity needs
of 6,000 homes
The world’s largest solar power
plant with tracking systems.
35#17-Dec-09
PV Power Plant Project – Spain
│Location: El Calaverón
│Start of operation: September 2008
│Output: 21.2 MWp
│No of modules: 96,000
│Surface covered: 100 hectares
It will produce approximately
40,000 MWh environment-friendly
power annually.
36#17-Dec-09
PV Plant Project Elements
IntegratorExperience
Output Guarantee
BankTechnology
Radiation
Site
PPA
FiT
SCM
Design
Interest Rate
Cost of Power
Components Quality
PuR
O & MMW Installation
37#17-Dec-09
Lessons Learned: Key Differentiators & Project Bene fits
Preparation Design Execution Operations
Site
Radiation
Bank Interest Rate
(FiT)
(CoP)
PPA
Integrator Support
Integrator Experience
Design
Technology
Component Quality
Reliability
PUR
SCM
Installation
Project Mgmt
O & M
Output Guarantee
FiT
CoP
Knowhow
Speed
Quality & Reliability
Business Value
38#17-Dec-09
| On Roof: Agreement with the Owner | On Ground: PV Plant Authorizations
Project Phase Key Success Factors
| Quality of Components/Technology| Proven Track Record of System Integrator and Partners| Optimization of trade-offs among investment costs, completion timing and revenue
maximization | Finance Support/Loans| Attractiveness of Government Policy & Support
| World Class Supply Chain Management| Frame Contracts with Suppliers| Access to 1st class and reliable products
Key Success Factors for Large Scale PV Plants
Site Acquisition
Project Definition
Component Procurement
| Project Management is Critical| Relationship with Partners| Proper Training of Partners and Service Team
PV Plant Construction
39#17-Dec-09
KSA University Solar PV Power Plant
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Project Name: KSA University Solar PV Power Plant
| Location: Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| Project Area: 11,577 m2
| Capacity: 2 MWp
| System Type: 2 MW Roof Top Installation
| Module Type : Monocrystalline PV 215w: 9,306 modules
| Annual Output: 3,280MWh or 330 HH per year
| Other Components:
| Conergy SunTop III Mounting System
| Conergy IPG 280K Inverters
| Conergy Smart Connect Array Junction Box
| Conergy Smart Control DAS
| Construction Period
| January through September 2009
| The University power plant is the First PV facility in Saudi Arabia
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US Embassy BIPV – Geneva, Switzerland
│ Location: Geneva, Switzerland
│ Output: 120 kWp
│ No of modules: 836 on 995 m² surface
│ 3 Types of Integration:
│ Hung Façade
│ Mounting Frame
│ Flat Roof
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BIPV US Mission Project, Geneva Switzerland
| Special constructions with several different mounting techniques like sloping roof and flat roof
| 118 KWp (equivalent to the annual energy demand of 20 households)
| Installation Period： Oct 2004 to July 2005
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Bef
ore A
fter
BIPV US Mission Project, Geneva Switzerland
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US mission Geneva - 120 kWp integrated solar systems
45#17-Dec-09
BIPV US Mission Project, Geneva Switzerland
46#17-Dec-09
BIPV US Mission Project, Geneva Switzerland
47#17-Dec-09
Agenda
| Introduction
| Why PV?
| How does PV work?
| Introduction to the Technologies
| Motivation for PV and Possible Applications
| BIPV
| Large Scale Plants
| Case Studies
| Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – University Solar Power Pla nt
| US Embassy Geneva – Building Integrated PV
| Conclusions
48#17-Dec-09
l PV is a proven technology with a strong business outlook and sound
fundamentals.
l Grid-connect PV power plants can & will become a key component in the long
term energy mix
l The real cost for energy are not the ones you see on your electricity bill – in the
region we do not compare “apples to apples”
l Output of systems is impacted by dust and heat in the region but output is still
higher than those of todays leading Solar Countries
l Architects, Developers & Investors: Take into accou nt the O & M of PV
systems
Key Takeaways:
49#17-Dec-09
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
OUR WORLD IS FULL OF ENERGY.