HEWS 5 kW Novelty (First-of-a-Kind Commercial)

Deliverable 6: Final Report – report summarizing

performance

March 15, 2019

1

FORWARD

The following report summarizes performance of the HEWS 5kW wind energy system (the “System”)

tested under service agreement # 6103147 (the “Agreement”) with the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute

(HNEI) (P.O. # Z10180734).

This report constitutes the full analysis framework under the Agreement and contains wind-to-power data

analyses and evaluation of the System, which has been extrapolated from the raw data collected during

the test period October 2018 - March 2019. A master data analyses file and raw data files are

supplemented to this report.

The report follows the methodological process used for extracting the system's mechanical power curve

and performance indicators with some hypotheses and predictions made about the electrical power

output component based on an electromagnetic power calculation.

The results attained in the performance test lean towards confirming the hypothesis that HEWS maintains

a comparative technological advantage over conventional wind turbines at higher wind velocities. This is

evidenced by the actuator affect (a-factor) threshold identified in the performance test, which shows to

enhance turbine effectiveness at higher wind velocities.

As defined by HEWS, the A-factor is a unique and specific characteristic incorporated in HEWS technology

which identifies the wind velocity beyond which the power output effectiveness of the turbine, calculated

as ratio between power produced by the turbine and the power of the wind-flow entering the active

intake swept area, is greater than Bet’z limit. Theoretically, this could only be made possible with the

presence of a secondary source of energy - in HEWS, the actuator is the secondary source of energy.

It is of view that further improvement in the coupling of the HEWS power train may be warranted by the

information contained herein, specifically related to the coupling component of the robust and stabilized

mechanical energy achieved by the turbine to electrical power of the generator/alternator. Moreover, an

independent evaluation/review of the methodology used in this report to analyze raw data would

significantly improve validity of the hypotheses made and conclusions drawn from the performance test.

Moreover, we find it important to note that installation of the System at the project site drew a small

crowed of nearby residents and neighbors of the site host with heightened inquiry into the unique

architectural characteristics of the System. It would be interesting to further assess the user-base and

market potential for HEWS given its high-wind designation and aesthetically pleasing design

characteristics.

2

Background

As per Service Agreement, HEWS Technology, Inc. manufactured, delivered, installed, calibrated and has

completed initial evaluation of HEWS 5kW wind energy system.

During system calibration and initial testing it was realized that two replacements were necessary for

effective data collection and system operation. This included replacement of the battery pack, which was

determined to be faulty by the supplier, and replacement of the primary anemometer for a certified and

calibrated unit. Subsequently, the start date for data collection and analysis has been set at 30 December,

2018. All referenced data in this interim report is for the period 30 December 2018 to February 4, 2019.

Testing and system evaluation has been performed in two stages with a 9-channel Data Acquisition

System (DAS) logging data every one millisecond:

• December 30-January 9: Mechanical power evaluation only (408 hours of operation)

• January 10 – February 4: System connected to the 55SI 7kW Delco-Remi 24 V industrial alternator

(576 hours of operation)

Data log parameters

Data collection period December 30, 2018 – February 4, 2019

Data collection days 37

Data log frequency 1/10 of a second

Total data points logged 31,968,000

Test Parameter Expectation Reference

1 Structural Integrity Up to 140 mi/hour wind PE report

2. Cut-in Wind Speed 6-7m/sec PASS

3. Rated wind speed 25 m/sec 70%

4. Cut-off wind speed 110 mi/hour 70%

5. Power Curve (Mechanical) (factual) Predicted

PASS (Up to 16m/sec) Reasonable

6. Actuator’s effect

Pressure differential, Power

PASS

7. Electromagnetic Power Curve Reasonable

8 Turbine inertia effect PASS

9. Ducting system loses Reasonable

10. System effectiveness PASS

11. Comparison with conventional HAWT PASS

12. Analysis, predictions, conclusions, Possible improvements

3

Executive Summary

HEWS 20/5 kW unit has been built based on principle of HEWS patented technology (US Patent

10,161,382) having the following functional component base:

1. Secondary Actuator (Booster): accelerates airflow as per a venturi effect to produces lower

pressure at the exhaust area of the Primary Actuator causing an inducement (acceleration) and

evacuation of combined airflow in the Primary Actuator (Booster) - as a result, effectively evacuates

air from the turbine itself.

2. Primary Actuator (Booster): acts as a secondary source of (wind) power by accelerating upstream

airflow as per venturi effect through its constriction e.g. coupling section with the Diffuser. This

results in a production of low pressure over the Diffuser area to induce an evacuation and

acceleration of the upstream Active Intake airflow through the Turbine to the Diffuser.

3. Diffuser: coupled with the Turbine exhaust area to create a channel for evacuating induced Active

Intake airflow and to yield effective turbine power production.

4. Active Intake: a venturi (duct) channel designed to deliver upstream open-flow wind to the Turbine

5. Powertrain: robust power production element consisting of:

a. a heavy-duty inertial inverted Francis-type turbine which effectively diverts horizontal

upstream airflow received from the Active Intake to a vertical airflow evacuated through the

Diffuser and ultimately the Primary Actuator

b. Logarithmic “golden section” spiral housing designed to produce 360-degree airflow torque

on the turbine blades

6. Electronics, transmission, DAS, Alternator compartment: houses elements of control, data

acquisition and conversion of mechanical power to electrical power.

4

Wind Distribution

Young company 05103V-45 anemometer: independently certified and calibrated* installed for collecting

upstream wind speed and wind direction data. The anemometer is located between the front-end section

of the Active Intake and Actuator Intake (original anemometer showed inconsistent data and was replaced

by HEWS in December 2018).

Wind distribution

Predominant wind direction West (W)

Estimated average wind speed 8.7 m/s

Logged wind range 0 – 26 m/s

Sustained wind range 0 – 15 m/s

Gust wind range 15-26 m/s

Wind range Frequency N NE E SE S SW W NW

0-3 m/s 17% 8% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 6%

3-6 m/s 22% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 13% 5%

6-9 m/s 17% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 16% 1%

9-12 m/s 15% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 15% 0%

12-15 m/s 14% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 14% 0%

15-18 m/s 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 10% 0%

>18 m/s 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5% 0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

N

NE

E

SE

S

SW

W

NW

Wind Rose

>18 m/s

15-18 m/s

12-15 m/s

9-12 m/s

6-9 m/s

3-6 m/s

0-3 m/s

5

Powertrain Configuration

Power train coupling sequence

Total transmission factor 31.39

Turbine Turbine Shaft Pulley

Intermediate Shaft Pulleys*

Alternator Shaft Pulley

Alternator

1 1:1 1:7.44 1:4.22 1

* Two intermediate pulleys are coupled on a single shaft: Pulley 1 (4.5” diameter) is coupled directly with the Turbine Shaft

Pulley through a resin belt and Pulley 2 (19” diameter) is coupled directly with Alternator Shaft Pulley by a resin belt.

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

Fre

qu

en

cy

Wind bin (m/s)

Wind distribution

Avg.

6

Moment of inertia

Turbine 14.00 kg*m²

Turbine + turbine shaft pulley 14.86 kg*m²

Intermediate shaft pulleys 0.16 kg*m²

Alternator + alternator shaft pulley 0.16 kg*m²

Power formulation

Turbine Energy Et = ½ I * w2 I = 14,86 w (angular velocity in metric Radians) = RPMmeasured/7.44/60*2*π

Intermediate shaft Energy

Ei = ½ I * w2 I = 0.16 w (angular velocity in metric Radians) = RPMmeasured/60* 2*π

Alternator shaft Energy

Ea = ½ I * w2

I = 0.16 w (angular velocity in metric Radians ) = RPMmeasured/60*4.22 2*π)

Total Energy E = Et +Ei +Ea total power of fully coupled system

Extractable Power potential (max power point)

Pe = ¾ * E current control system algorithm is based on this principle wherein extraction of power is aligned with stable inertial turbine power output.

7

Data collection and interface

The following data has been logged and interfaced via nine (9) data channels:

Logged data sets

Channel Parameter Unit Sensor Frequency Comments 1 Battery Voltage Volts HEWS Voltmeter 1 millisecond RMS

2 Alternator DC Amp Amperes HEWS Amperemeter 1 millisecond RMS

3 Inverter DC Current Amperes HEWS Amperemeter 1 millisecond RMS

4 Actuator air velocity m/sec Cup anemometer 1 millisecond RMS

5 Load AC Current Amperes HEWS Amperemeter 1 millisecond RMS

6 Wind Speed m/sec Young calibrated 1 millisecond

7 Pressure Diff Pa Manometer 1 millisecond

8 Wind Direction Deg Young Calibrated 1 millisecond

9 Pulley Rotation RPM 8 impulse Tachometer 1 millisecond Intermediate pulley

The following five (5) parameters have been calculated using logged input data points:

Calculated data sets

Power DC Watts

Power AC Watts

Effective Wind Speed m/sec Ch 6* Cos2(Ch8)

Rotor rotational speed RPM Ch 9 / 7.44

Alternator rotational speed RPM Ch 9 x 4.22

One-millisecond data points are time stamped, logged in an excel worksheets and saved on the site

computer hard drive and on Google Cloud (Google Drive) in 1-hour data batches i.e. each excel file

consists of one hour data logged every millisecond. Stored 1-hour batched files are then manually

grouped into 48-hour batches. All raw data is available to HNEI upon request.

Pivot tables are used to further aggregate and analyze the data in each 48-hour batch according to the

following parameters:

• Intermediate pulley RPM is binned at a range of 10-RPM

• Subsequent data parameters are averaged according to RPM bins (example: an average of

effective wind speed is the average of all millisecond raw data points for effective wind speed in

a 48-hour period that have yielded the respective RPM bin (rpm range).

Remote interface has been made possible via “TEAMVIEWER” software which allowed live access to

real-time data and remote computer access.

Screenshots on the following page illustrate sample data from the logged raw data and binned data.

8

Screenshot: one-hour raw data file (sample 2-second data set at 1-millisecond frequency)

Screenshot: 48-hour pivot analysis table (sample RPM binned data set at a scale of 10 RPM)

Screenshot: TeamViewer interface (remote computer access)

TimeLocal

Time_UTC_[

s]

BatteryVolt

age_[Volts]

Alternator_

DC_current

_[Amperes]

Inverter_DC

_current_[A

mperes]

Wind_spee

d_(cup_ane

mometer_-

_exhaust)_[

m/s]

Load_AC_cu

rrent_RMS_

[Amperes]

Wind_spee

d_(Young_-

_front)_[m/

s]

Differential

_pressure_[

Pa]

Wind_angle

_(Young_-

_front)_[de

g.]

Pulley_Rota

tion_speed

_[rpm]

Effective

wind speed

08:21.0 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.59 6.11 0.18 5.48 129.07 17.49 33.64 4.98

08:21.1 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.59 6.10 0.18 5.38 128.88 17.16 33.64 4.91

08:21.2 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.59 6.09 0.18 5.29 128.71 16.57 32.73 4.86

08:21.3 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 6.07 0.18 5.21 128.53 15.85 30.91 4.82

08:21.4 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 6.05 0.18 5.14 128.35 14.97 31.52 4.79

08:21.5 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 6.04 0.18 5.07 128.18 13.94 31.21 4.78

08:21.6 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 6.03 0.18 5.02 128.00 12.82 30.00 4.77

08:21.7 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 6.01 0.18 4.97 127.79 11.66 31.21 4.76

08:21.8 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 6.00 0.18 4.92 127.59 10.62 31.52 4.75

08:21.9 3.63E+09 23.62 0.41 2.58 6.00 0.18 4.86 127.38 9.96 30.91 4.72

08:22.0 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 5.99 0.18 4.80 127.20 9.88 32.73 4.66

08:22.1 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 5.98 0.18 4.73 127.17 10.27 33.64 4.58

08:22.2 3.63E+09 23.62 0.41 2.58 5.98 0.18 4.65 127.17 11.06 33.64 4.48

08:22.3 3.63E+09 23.62 0.41 2.58 5.97 0.18 4.56 127.25 12.12 32.73 4.36

08:22.4 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 5.97 0.18 4.47 127.33 13.27 30.91 4.23

08:22.5 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 5.96 0.18 4.37 127.41 14.22 31.52 4.10

08:22.6 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 5.93 0.18 4.27 127.50 14.90 31.21 3.99

08:22.7 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 5.90 0.18 4.19 127.60 15.28 30.00 3.90

08:22.8 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 5.85 0.18 4.13 127.68 15.38 31.21 3.84

08:22.9 3.63E+09 23.62 0.40 2.58 5.80 0.18 4.10 127.58 15.15 28.79 3.82

RPM bin

Average of

BatteryVolt

age_[Volts]

Average of

Alternator_

DC_current

_[Amperes]

Average of

Inverter_DC

_current_[A

mperes]

Average of

Wind_spee

d_(cup_ane

mometer_-

_exhaust)_[

m/s]

Average of

Load_AC_cu

rrent_RMS_

[Amperes]

Average of

Wind_spee

d_(Young_-

_front)_[m/

s]

Average of

Differential

_pressure_[

Pa]

Average of

Wind_angle

_(Young_-

_front)_[de

g.]

Average of

Pulley_Rota

tion_speed

_[rpm]

Average of

Effective

wind speed

0-10 23.60 0.38 2.54 3.06 0.18 2.02 124.66 135.61 0.31 1.56

10-20 23.60 0.40 2.57 5.10 0.18 4.36 127.47 19.17 14.58 3.87

20-30 23.60 0.40 2.58 5.55 0.18 4.93 128.26 20.41 24.70 4.25

30-40 23.60 0.40 2.58 5.89 0.18 5.33 128.98 20.68 34.72 4.59

40-50 23.61 0.40 2.58 6.23 0.18 5.67 129.56 21.58 43.55 4.82

50-60 23.61 0.40 2.58 6.47 0.18 5.98 129.98 21.19 53.55 5.05

60-70 23.60 0.40 2.58 6.81 0.18 6.29 130.44 19.95 64.58 5.43

70-80 23.61 0.40 2.58 7.04 0.18 6.50 130.92 20.30 74.64 5.58

80-90 23.61 0.40 2.58 7.21 0.18 6.73 131.28 20.90 84.57 5.72

90-100 23.61 0.41 2.59 7.41 0.18 6.89 131.69 21.08 93.48 5.84

9

Evaluated Parameters

1. Structural Integrity

A Load and Safety Report has been produced in October 2018 by Wayne Rendely PE CO PE No.0034897

Exp. 10-31-2019 (Attached). Load calculations were performed with the aid of spreadsheet programs, a

finite element analysis program called NDN hand calculations. Loads consist prestress, dead, live, wind,

snow and seismic loads as described below:

o Prestress - The cables are assumed to have 500 lbs. prestress.

o Dead Load - The structure dead load is the actual material weights.

o Wind Loads - See calculation for ASCE 7 for 115 mph (and 90 mph for ASD)

o Exposure C, wind pressure = 20 psf at 30 foot elevation with no reductions.

o Coefficients of pressure (Cp’s) for ASCE 7 with 3 second gusts are used.

o Snow Load - Roof snow of 30 psf.

o Seismic – A very high seismic of 60% dead load horizontal is reviewed.

o General Load Cases and Combinations: Case description

▪ DL Dead Load (includes Prestress)

▪ LL or SL Live Load or Snow Load + DL

▪ 3-10 WL Wind in 8 directions + DL

▪ 11-18 E Seismic in 8 directions + DL

Conclusion: actual observations show NO structural damages, vibration, additional noise, or shaking

in wind range up to 26 m/sec (55 mi/hour)

10

2. Cut-in Wind Speed

Using the binned wind data at a scale of 0.5 m/s with an average of wind speed per each wind bin and a

respective minimum logged RPM at each bin, we can demonstrate that the no-load cut-in wind speed is

in the range of 6.5 m/s (+/- 5%) as illustrated in table 1 below.

Wind bin Average wind speed per wind bin Minimum RPM per average wind speed

0-0.5 0.1 0.0

0.5-1 0.8 0.0

1-1.5 1.3 0.0

1.5-2 1.7 0.0

2-2.5 2.2 0.0

2.5-3 2.8 0.0

3-3.5 3.2 0.0

3.5-4 3.7 0.0

4-4.5 4.2 0.0

4.5-5 4.7 0.0

5-5.5 5.2 0.0

5.5-6 5.7 0.0

6-6.5 6.3 0.0

6.5-7 6.7 4.8

7-7.5 7.2 10.3

7.5-8 7.7 12.1

8-8.5 8.2 13.6

8.5-9 8.7 18.5

9-9.5 9.2 18.8

9.5-10 9.7 33.6

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

0.1 0.8 1.3 1.7 2.2 2.8 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.7 6.3 6.7 7.2 7.7 8.2 8.7 9.2 9.7

RP

M

Wind speed (m/s)

Cut-in wind speed

Cut-in

11

3. Rated wind speed

By incorporating a heavy-duty inertial turbine with a rated RPM of 600 and encasing the turbine in a

housing, our definition of rated wind speed for HEWS is the range in which the system operates safely

and consistently. Namely, there are two related safety factors in HEWS that determine its rated wind

speed:

• Structural integrity: as per Load and Analysis Report the safe operating wind speed is 110 mph

(50 m/sec)

• Turbine rated at 600 RPM: with a safety factor of 1.33, the rated turbine RPM is 450 which

means the rated wind speed for HEWS is in the range of wind speed which correlates with

450RPM e.g. 25 m/s

RPM Bin Average Wind Speed Average Pulley RPM Average Turbine RPM 0-100 4.9 47 6

100-200 6.9 149 20

200-300 7.6 249 34

300-400 8.1 349 47

400-500 8.6 449 60

500-600 9.1 547 73

600-700 9.7 650 87

700-800 9.7 749 101

800-900 10.3 849 114

900-1000 10.6 947 127

1000-1100 11.6 1,050 141

1100-1200 11.5 1,150 155

1200-1300 12.4 1,246 168

1300-1400 13.2 1,349 181

1400-1500 13.7 1,449 195

1500-1600 13.8 1,549 208

1600-1700 14.3 1,650 222

1700-1800 15.8 1,729 232

Conclusion: rated wind speed for our system can be safely defined as 25 m/sec (450 RPM)

12

4. Cut-off Wind Speed

Cut-off Wind speed is defined by the Load and Analysis report and maximum Turbine RPM (750RPM).

and is equal to 50 m/sec (110 m/hour). With wind reaching the cut-off speed the following safety

procedure have to be applied:

a. Connect all tensile cables to the installed ground anchors (See Load and Analysis Report)

b. Active Intake must be closed

5. Power Curve

The following collected data sets and component characteristics have been used to build the power

curve:

• Average effective wind speed for each wind bin

• Average Intermediate pulley RPM for each respective average wind speed

• Transmission number from the turbine to the Intermediate pulley equal to 1: 7.44

• Turbine Inertia of 14 kg*m² as provided by manufacturer plus turbine pulley inertia of 0.86

kg*m²

• Intermediate Pulley Inertia: 0.16 kg*m²

Energy = ½ * I * w² = ½ * I * (RPM * π * 2 / 60)², where I: Inertia

HEWS incorporate three flywheels: Turbine + Intermediate Pulley + Alternator

HEWS Energy = It * wt² + Ip * wp²+ Ia * wa², where

It= Turbine +Turbine Pulley Inertia (kg*m²)

wt – Turbine angular velocity (RAD)

Ip- Intermediate pulleys Inertia (kg*m²)

wp- intermediate pulley angular velocity (RAD)

Ia – alternator no-load Inertia (kg*m²)

wa- alternator angular velocity (RAD)

The following graphs represent the mechanical curves of the turbine for data collected in the

period from 30 December 2018 to 9 January 2019 while the turbine was disconnected from the

alternator.

Due to the linear inverse relationship between torque and speed, the maximum power

(Effective Power point) occurs at the point where W= ½ and Torque = ½

http://lancet.mit.edu/motors/motors3.html

13

Note: No Mechanical Energy Curve data available for Jan 2-3 due to non-sustained low wind conditions

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0

Mechanical Energy: Average of Data 30 Dec - 9 Jan

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Mechanical Energy: Dec 30

Mech. Energy Effective Power Point

14

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Mechanical Energy: Dec 31 - Jan 1

Mech. Energy Effective Power Point

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Mechanical Energy: Jan 4 - 5

Mech. Energy Effective Power Point

15

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Mechanical Energy: Jan 6 - 7

Mech. Energy Effective Power Point

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

8000

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0

Mechanical Energy: Jan 8 - 9

Mech. Energy Effective Power Point

16

6. Actuator affect and system effectiveness

A number of unsuccessful attempts have been made to build a ducted (venturi) wind turbine (ex.

Sheerwind Invelox). In the case of HEWS, two sources of wind power are engaged to produce an

effective venturi in the ducted flow channels. Namely,

a. Upstream wind flow harnessed at the Active Intake to directly fuel (power) the turbine

b. Upstream wind flow harnessed at the Actuator (passive) Intake to produce a pressure differential in

the ducted flow channel on both sides of the turbine, which ultimately activates the effects of

Bernoulli’s Law.

The following table with graph demonstrates that the Actuator contributes to turbine power. This is

evidenced by the rate of turbine effectiveness, which exceeds the Betz Limit at wind speeds above 12

m/s, relative to the calculated wind power that is available only at the swept area (4.5 m²) of the Active

Intake. Since no turbine can exceed the Betz limit, we can conclude that additional power from a

secondary source is being applied on the turbine. This power is provided by the Actuator. Therefore,

system effectiveness relative to the total swept area (12m²), which includes the Active Intake, Actuator

Intake and Secondary Actuator is actually approximately 25%. Cross-referencing Turbine Effectiveness

(Total Swept Area) of 25% with the preceding column in table 4 “Turbine Effectiveness (Active Intake

Swept Area)” we can conclude that that the Actuator begins to contribute to total turbine power at a

wind bin 8-9 m/s.

Wind bins

(m/s)

Average binned

Effective Wind Speed

(m/s)

Average binned Interm. Pulley RPM

Wind power at

Active Intake (W)

Max Theoretical Active Power (Betz)

Maximum (Theoretical Power (Betz)

of Active Intake

Turbine effectiveness

(Active Intake Swept Area: 4.5m²)

Turbine Effectiveness (Total Swept Area: 12m²)

0-1 1.50 0.82 9.36 5.55 5.55 0.0% 0.0%

2-3 3.85 14.20 157.85 93.61 93.61 0.3% 0.1%

3-4 4.60 28.47 267.51 158.63 158.63 0.7% 0.3%

4-5 5.54 57.67 468.38 277.75 277.75 1.7% 0.6%

5-6 6.57 142.00 780.93 463.09 463.09 6.1% 2.3%

7-8 7.54 275.78 1,180.29 699.91 699.91 15.1% 5.7%

8-9 8.56 435.72 1,726.11 1,023.59 1,023.59 25.8% 9.7%

9-10 9.52 660.84 2,374.56 1,408.12 1,408.12 43.2% 16.2%

10-11 10.45 851.76 3,149.49 1,867.65 1,867.65 54.1% 20.3%

11-12 11.43 1,005.31 4,114.66 2,439.99 2,439.99 57.7% 21.6%

12-13 12.51 1,249.96 5,393.92 3,198.59 3,198.59 68.0% 25.5%

13-14 13.52 1,441.98 6,807.28 4,036.72 4,036.72 71.8% 26.9%

14-15 14.38 1,612.33 8,188.14 4,855.56 4,855.56 74.6% 28.0%

15-16 15.68 1,694.42 10,619.54 6,297.39 6,297.39 63.5% 23.8%

16-17 16.03 1,750.00 11,350.75 6,730.99 6,730.99 63.4% 23.8%

17-18 17.47 1,734.49 14,697.02 8,715.33 8,715.33 48.1% 18.0%

17

* A-Factor point: the A-factor is a unique and specific characteristic incorporated in HEWS technology

which identifies the wind velocity beyond which the power output effectiveness of the turbine,

calculated as ratio between power produced by the turbine and the power of the wind-flow entering the

active intake swept area, is greater than Bet’z limit. Theoretically, this could only be made possible with

the presence of the secondary source of energy - in HEWS, the actuator is the secondary source of

energy.

We conclude that the decrease in effectiveness at wind speeds 15 to 17.5 m/sec is due to a non-

sustained wind regime above this threshold, rather this range is categorized as a wind gust range.

We expect the Actuator to effectively yield an increase in turbine effectiveness to 30%-35% at higher

sustained wind speeds of 20-25 m/s (rated), respectively.

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

1.5 3.9 4.6 5.5 6.6 7.5 8.6 9.5 10.5 11.4 12.5 13.5 14.4 15.7 16.0 17.5

Ene

rgy

Wind speed (m/s)

Wind Power to Turbine EnergyWind power at Active Intake (W) Turbine Energy

Maximum (Theoretical Power (Betz) of Active Intake Turbine effectiveness (Active Intake)

Betz Limit Turbine Effectiveness (Total Swept Area)

A - Factor Point*

18

7. Electromagnetic Power Curve

By January 10, 2019 we received 400 hours of data to be able calculate performance of HEWS 5 kW

Wind Generator for Mechanical Power produced.

On January 10, 2019 the intermediate shaft was connected with the pulley installed on the alternator

(transmission ratio 1: 4.22). A 55SI Delco-Remi 24 v heavy-duty Alternator with the following

characteristics has been installed for electrical power production:

Load operating Alternator RPM is 1,600-1,800. According to the data collected, alternator RPM within

this operating range is attained in split-second intervals in gusty wind regimes, which has not yielded a

sufficient time interval for the alternator to switch on.

19

Upon this observation, the alternator supplier has noted that under normal operating conditions the

alternator in stall position is not originally connected to batteries but rather an integrated starter allows

the alternator to accelerate to 3,500 RPM before switching on the batteries, at which time electrical

power is produced according to the alternator power curve in the above graph.

In our test case, the alternator’s electromagnetic coils are consistently connected to the batteries

causing the rotated rotor to produce electromagnetic power even at lower RPM. This electromagnetic

power is being converted to heat until the alternator is switched on under its operating parameters. This

threshold has not yet been reached in our testing.

Consequently, no data for Electrical Power (PEl = V DC * IDC ) has yet been collected.

Nevertheless, from the mechanical data collected, we are able to conclude that HEWS is producing

electromagnetic power (losses) as a difference between No-Load Mechanical Power (disconnected from

alternator) test period and Load Mechanical Power (fully connected system from turbine to alternator)

the same respective wind bins during the respective test period:

During the load testing period from Jan 10 - February 4, 2019, the following data has been collected and

the formulation for HEWS turbine’s Power inferred from the data as described above:

Wind

Speed

(m/s)

Intermed

. Pulley

RPM (no-

load)

∆P (no-

load)

Turbine

Energy

(no-load)

- joules

Pulley

Energy

(no-load)

-joules

Total

Energy

(no-load)

- joules

Intermed

. Pulley

RPM

(load) ∆P (load)

Turbine

Energy

(load) -

joules

Pulley

Energy

(load) -

joules

Total

Energy

(load) -

joules

∆E

(Turbine

Power

(W))

Wind

Power @

Intake

(4.5m²)

(W)

Actual

Effective

ness (%)

1 0 125 0 0 0 0 125 0 0 0 0 3 0.0%

2 2 125 0 0 0 0 125 0 0 0 0 22 0.0%

3 7 129 0 0 0 0 127 0 0 0 0 74 0.2%

4 22 128 1 0 1 0 130 0 0 0 1 176 0.6%

5 47 130 3 2 5 0 131 0 0 0 5 345 1.4%

6 107 131 17 9 26 0 131 0 0 0 26 595 4.3%

7 219 134 71 37 107 19 144 1 0 1 107 945 11.3%

8 369 137 200 105 305 31 147 1 1 2 303 1,411 21.5%

9 580 144 494 258 752 34 147 2 1 3 749 2,009 37.3%

10 772 153 878 458 1,336 63 150 6 3 9 1,327 2,756 48.2%

11 935 163 1,287 671 1,959 141 156 29 15 44 1,914 3,669 52.2%

12 1,043 174 1,601 835 2,436 194 164 55 29 84 2,352 4,763 49.4%

13 1,235 188 2,246 1,171 3,417 229 161 77 40 118 3,300 6,055 54.5%

14 1,456 201 3,120 1,627 4,747 306 159 138 72 210 4,538 7,563 60.0%

15 1,661 220 4,060 2,117 6,178 410 165 247 129 376 5,802 9,302 62.4%

16 1,297 218 2,476 1,291 3,768 443 169 289 151 439 3,328 11,290 29.5%

17 1,750 236 4,508 2,351 6,859 450 170 298 155 454 6,405 13,541 47.3%

Dec 30 - Jan 9 (only turbine and intermediate Jan 9 - Feb 4 ( fully coupled system to the Energy and Power Analysis

20

8. Turbine Inertia Effect

Conventional HAWT and VAWT work as direct drive propellers i.e. the wind directly transforms its power

to the turbine shaft. HEWS powertrain uses a specially designed inverted Francis-type industrial turbine

(Utility Patent Pending). The turbine is well balanced with high RPM bearings installed. Certified by IAP

Fan, Inc., the turbine has the following characteristics that are used in analyzing system performance:

▪ Weight: 380Lb

▪ Inertia: 14 kg*m²

▪ Diameter: 45”

▪ Rated RPM: 600 (Max. 750RPM)

-1,000

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Turbine Power Curve

Total Energy (no-load) - joules Total Energy (load) - joules ∆E (Turbine Power (W))

21

The Turbine operates as a Fly Wheel (Energy Storage) producing continuous s power even when wind

velocity drops and acts as a gear box (transmission) to protect the alternator during the wind gusts.

The following graph illustrates turbine stability due to its inertia in a rapidly changing wind environment.

Specifically, with wind (gust) deviation of 200% in a 2-second interval the turbine RPM changes only 2 %.

Thereby, protecting the transmission and producing power consistently.

22

Conclusion: turbine inertia and flywheel characteristics yields a stabilization in power produced even in rapidly

changing wind regime resulting in smooth and stable power output