hfa book nepali
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf
/
g]kfn
n]vg ÷ ;Dkfbg
bLks cfrfo{
efis/ cof{n
8f]n/fh Gof}kfg]
PS;g P8 g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf
sf]–PS;g g]kfnåf/f k|sflzt
� k|sfzs M sf]–PS;g g]kfn
� ;jf{lwsf/ ;'/lIft © M k|sfzsdf
o; k':tsdf k|o'Qm ;fdu|Lx? d'gfkmf gsdfpg] p2]Zon] k|sfzssf] gfd
;fef/ u/L cf+lzs?kdf k'gM k|sfzg ug{ ;lsg]5 . To:tf] k|sfzgsf]
Psk|lt hfgsf/Lsf] nflu pknAw x'g] ck]Iff /fVb5f}+ .
� k|yd ;+:s/0f M ;fpg @)^^
� k|sfzg k|lt M %)) k|lt
� cfj/0f t:jL/ M sf]zL 8'afg @)^%, sf]PS;g g]kfn
� sDko'6/÷cfj/0f l8hfOg M lgz]if clwsf/L÷j]nsd l8hfOg;{gf/fo0fu9, )%^^($!%%, (*$%@#*&&
� d'b|s M lszf]/ ckm;]6 k|]; -k|f_= ln=, sf7df8f}+kmf]g M $#%!)$$
� ISBN :
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf
/
g]kfn
n]vg ÷ ;Dkfbg
bLks cfrfo{
efis/ cof{n
8f]n/fh Gof}kfg]
PS;g P8 g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf
sf]–PS;g g]kfnåf/f k|sflzt
� k|sfzs M sf]–PS;g g]kfn
� ;jf{lwsf/ ;'/lIft © M k|sfzsdf
o; k':tsdf k|o'Qm ;fdu|Lx? d'gfkmf gsdfpg] p2]Zon] k|sfzssf] gfd
;fef/ u/L cf+lzs?kdf k'gM k|sfzg ug{ ;lsg]5 . To:tf] k|sfzgsf]
Psk|lt hfgsf/Lsf] nflu pknAw x'g] ck]Iff /fVb5f}+ .
� k|yd ;+:s/0f M ;fpg @)^^
� k|sfzg k|lt M %)) k|lt
� cfj/0f t:jL/ M sf]zL 8'afg @)^%, sf]PS;g g]kfn
� sDko'6/÷cfj/0f l8hfOg M lgz]if clwsf/L÷j]nsd l8hfOg;{gf/fo0fu9, )%^^($!%%, (*$%@#*&&
� d'b|s M lszf]/ ckm;]6 k|]; -k|f_= ln=, sf7df8f}+kmf]g M $#%!)$$
� ISBN :
sfzsLo=== �k| d"n ljifo;"rL
k[i7
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld !–!^
s_ kl/ro #
v_ ljkb\ hf]lvd / g]kfn %
u_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf s] xf] < &
3_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf /0fg}lts nIox? !!
ª_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? !!
r_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf dfu{–lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? !@
5_ of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt !(($ !%
cWofo @ M x\of ]uf ] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfkx? !&–()
s_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! @)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=! @!
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=@ @$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=# @&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=$ #)
k/LIf0f ;"lr #@
v_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ ##
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=! #$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=@ #&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=# $)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=$ $#
k/LIf0f ;"lr $^
u_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # $&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=! $*
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=@ %)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=# %$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=$ %^
k/LIf0f ;"lr %*
;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf pNn]Vo k|ultul/5f8\g] k|lta4tf;lxt ;g\ @))% df ljZjAofkL?kdf c+lusf/ul/Psf] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] af/]df o; k':ts k|sfzg ug{kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ v'zL nfu]sf] 5 . sf]–PS;g g]kfn ljkb\s} If]qdfsfo{ ug]{ ;+:yf xf] . ;f]xL qmddf ;d'bfo:t/df dfq geO{ ljkb\s}If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ ;+3;+:yf / ;/sf/L tx dfemdf klg x\of]uf] sfo{;+/rgfsf] af/]df ckof{Kt hfgsf/L ePsf] xfdLnfO{ cg'ejeof] . pxfFx?s} ;Nnfx ;'emfj / cfjZostf adf]lhd g]kfnLefiffdf ‘x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn’ zLif{ssf] o; k':ts tof/ePsf] xf] .
o; k':tsnfO{ ljleGg cWofox?df afFl8Psf] 5 . t/, ljz]if hf]8eg] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf k|fyldstfsf lqmofsnfkx?df lbOPsf]5 . c+u|]hL efiffdf k|sflzt ljleGg k':tsx?, j]a;fO6x?sf];xof]udf x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf d"ne"t tTjx?nfO{ a'em\g;lsg]u/L ;d]6\g] k|of; o; k':tsdf ul/Psf] 5 . x\of]uf] sfo{;+/rgfsf] af/]df ;}4flGts 1fg k|bfg ug]{ / o;nfO{ Aojxf/dfptfg{ ;xof]u k'Ug]vfnsf ;fdu|Lx? k':tsdf /flvPsf 5g\ .g]kfnn] klg x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|lta4tfcg'?kxfn;Dd ePsf sfo{x?nfO{ klg o; k':tsdf ;+nUg ul/Psf] 5 .g]kfnsf] kl/k|]Iodf ljkb\ / x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{GjognfO{a'em\g o; k':tsn] ;xhtf Nofpg] xfd|f] ck]Iff 5 .
‘x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn’nfO{ k|sfzgdf k|ToIf / ck|ToIf?kdf;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ . k':ts k|sfzgsfnflu pTk|]l/t / ;xof]u ug]{ PS;g P8 g]kfnk|lt ljz]if cfef/k|s6 ug{ rfxG5f}+ .
ldlt M @)^^ ;fpg !% ut]
sfzsLo=== �k| d"n ljifo;"rL
k[i7
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld !–!^
s_ kl/ro #
v_ ljkb\ hf]lvd / g]kfn %
u_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf s] xf] < &
3_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf /0fg}lts nIox? !!
ª_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? !!
r_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf dfu{–lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? !@
5_ of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt !(($ !%
cWofo @ M x\of ]uf ] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfkx? !&–()
s_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! @)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=! @!
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=@ @$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=# @&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=$ #)
k/LIf0f ;"lr #@
v_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ ##
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=! #$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=@ #&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=# $)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=$ $#
k/LIf0f ;"lr $^
u_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # $&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=! $*
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=@ %)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=# %$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=$ %^
k/LIf0f ;"lr %*
;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf pNn]Vo k|ultul/5f8\g] k|lta4tf;lxt ;g\ @))% df ljZjAofkL?kdf c+lusf/ul/Psf] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] af/]df o; k':ts k|sfzg ug{kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ v'zL nfu]sf] 5 . sf]–PS;g g]kfn ljkb\s} If]qdfsfo{ ug]{ ;+:yf xf] . ;f]xL qmddf ;d'bfo:t/df dfq geO{ ljkb\s}If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ ;+3;+:yf / ;/sf/L tx dfemdf klg x\of]uf] sfo{;+/rgfsf] af/]df ckof{Kt hfgsf/L ePsf] xfdLnfO{ cg'ejeof] . pxfFx?s} ;Nnfx ;'emfj / cfjZostf adf]lhd g]kfnLefiffdf ‘x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn’ zLif{ssf] o; k':ts tof/ePsf] xf] .
o; k':tsnfO{ ljleGg cWofox?df afFl8Psf] 5 . t/, ljz]if hf]8eg] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf k|fyldstfsf lqmofsnfkx?df lbOPsf]5 . c+u|]hL efiffdf k|sflzt ljleGg k':tsx?, j]a;fO6x?sf];xof]udf x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf d"ne"t tTjx?nfO{ a'em\g;lsg]u/L ;d]6\g] k|of; o; k':tsdf ul/Psf] 5 . x\of]uf] sfo{;+/rgfsf] af/]df ;}4flGts 1fg k|bfg ug]{ / o;nfO{ Aojxf/dfptfg{ ;xof]u k'Ug]vfnsf ;fdu|Lx? k':tsdf /flvPsf 5g\ .g]kfnn] klg x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|lta4tfcg'?kxfn;Dd ePsf sfo{x?nfO{ klg o; k':tsdf ;+nUg ul/Psf] 5 .g]kfnsf] kl/k|]Iodf ljkb\ / x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{GjognfO{a'em\g o; k':tsn] ;xhtf Nofpg] xfd|f] ck]Iff 5 .
‘x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn’nfO{ k|sfzgdf k|ToIf / ck|ToIf?kdf;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ . k':ts k|sfzgsfnflu pTk|]l/t / ;xof]u ug]{ PS;g P8 g]kfnk|lt ljz]if cfef/k|s6 ug{ rfxG5f}+ .
ldlt M @)^^ ;fpg !% ut]
3_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $ %(
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=! ^)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=@ ^#
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=# ^%
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=$ ^&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=% &)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=^ &@
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=& &^
k/LIf0f ;"lr &*
ª_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk % *)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=! *!
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=@ *$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=# *^
k/LIf0f ;"lr ()
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn (!–!@&
s_ /0fg}lts nIo k|flKtdf /fli6«o k|ult (#
v_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ ! sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult (^
u_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ @ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !)@
3_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ # sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !)&
ª_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ $ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !!$
r_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ % sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !@)
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx? !@*–!$@
s_ cGt/;DalGwt ;jfnx? !#)
v_ e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj !#@
u_ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o d~r !#%
cu|gfd zAbx? (Acronyms) !$#
kl/eflifs zAbx? (Terminology) !$%
;Gbe{u|Gy (References) !%)
cWofo !k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn!
3_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $ %(
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=! ^)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=@ ^#
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=# ^%
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=$ ^&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=% &)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=^ &@
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=& &^
k/LIf0f ;"lr &*
ª_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk % *)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=! *!
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=@ *$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=# *^
k/LIf0f ;"lr ()
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn (!–!@&
s_ /0fg}lts nIo k|flKtdf /fli6«o k|ult (#
v_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ ! sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult (^
u_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ @ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !)@
3_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ # sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !)&
ª_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ $ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !!$
r_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ % sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !@)
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx? !@*–!$@
s_ cGt/;DalGwt ;jfnx? !#)
v_ e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj !#@
u_ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o d~r !#%
cu|gfd zAbx? (Acronyms) !$#
kl/eflifs zAbx? (Terminology) !$%
;Gbe{u|Gy (References) !%)
cWofo !k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn!
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ljifo;"rL
k[i7
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
kl/ro
ljZjdf a9\b} uO/x]sf] ljkb\sf 36gfx? / o;af6 j[l4 x'“b} uPsf] dfgjLo,
cfly{s / c? k|sf/sf Ifltx?af6 ljZj g} k|tfl8t alg/x]sf] 5 . tYof+sx?
s]nfpg] xf] eGg] kl5Nnf] jif{ @))* g]kfn / ljZjs} ;Gbe{df klg k|sf]ksf]
Ifltsf] b[li6sf]0fn] b'vbfoL /x\of] .
CRED / UNISDR n] ;g\ @))( hgj/Ldf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] ljj/0f cg';f/
;g\ @))) b]lv ;g\ @))& sf] aLrdf ljkb\sf 36gfx?af6 ePsf] cf};t jflif{s
Iflt -dfgjLo / cfly{s_ eGbf ;g\ @))* df ePsf] Iflt pNn]Vo?kdf j[l4
ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @))* df kl5Nnf] ;ft jif{sf] t'ngfdf dfgjLo Iflt tLg u'0ffn]
/ cfly{s Iflt b'O{ u'0ffn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
;g\ @))* df ljZjel/ hDdf #@! j6f ljkb\sf 36gfx? eP h;df @,#%,*!^
hgfsf] d[To' eof] eg] @! s/f]8 dflg; k|efljt x'gk'u] . hals ;g\ @)))–@))&
sf] aLrdf cf};tdf jflif{s ^^,*!@ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . DofGdf/sf]
glu{; ;fOSnf]g -rqmjft_ / rLgsf] l;r'cfg k|fGtdf ePsf] e"sDkaf6 a9L
dfgjLo Iflt x'gk'Uof] . DofGdf/df !,#*,#^^ hgfsf] / rLgdf *&,$&^
hgfsf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] .
ljkb\af6 ePsf] cfly{s Ifltsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] ;g\ @)))–@))& sf] aLrsf]
cf};t jflif{s Iflt *! lalnog ca{ 8n/ ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] t/ ;g\
@))* df o;sf] bf]Aa/eGbf klg a9L !*! lalnog 8n/sf] Iflt x'guof] .
rLgsf] l;r'cfg k|fGtdf uPsf] e"sDkaf6 *% lalnog 8n/ / cd]l/sfdf
cfPsf] ;fOSnf]g -rqmjft_ af6 #) lalnog 8n/sf] Iflt ePsf] cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 .
#@
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld !–!^
s_ kl/ro #
v_ ljkb\ hf]lvd / g]kfn %
u_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf s] xf] < &
3_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf /0fg}lts nIox? !!
ª_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? !!
r_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf dfu{–lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? !@
5_ of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt !(($ !%
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ljifo;"rL
k[i7
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
kl/ro
ljZjdf a9\b} uO/x]sf] ljkb\sf 36gfx? / o;af6 j[l4 x'“b} uPsf] dfgjLo,
cfly{s / c? k|sf/sf Ifltx?af6 ljZj g} k|tfl8t alg/x]sf] 5 . tYof+sx?
s]nfpg] xf] eGg] kl5Nnf] jif{ @))* g]kfn / ljZjs} ;Gbe{df klg k|sf]ksf]
Ifltsf] b[li6sf]0fn] b'vbfoL /x\of] .
CRED / UNISDR n] ;g\ @))( hgj/Ldf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] ljj/0f cg';f/
;g\ @))) b]lv ;g\ @))& sf] aLrdf ljkb\sf 36gfx?af6 ePsf] cf};t jflif{s
Iflt -dfgjLo / cfly{s_ eGbf ;g\ @))* df ePsf] Iflt pNn]Vo?kdf j[l4
ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @))* df kl5Nnf] ;ft jif{sf] t'ngfdf dfgjLo Iflt tLg u'0ffn]
/ cfly{s Iflt b'O{ u'0ffn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
;g\ @))* df ljZjel/ hDdf #@! j6f ljkb\sf 36gfx? eP h;df @,#%,*!^
hgfsf] d[To' eof] eg] @! s/f]8 dflg; k|efljt x'gk'u] . hals ;g\ @)))–@))&
sf] aLrdf cf};tdf jflif{s ^^,*!@ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . DofGdf/sf]
glu{; ;fOSnf]g -rqmjft_ / rLgsf] l;r'cfg k|fGtdf ePsf] e"sDkaf6 a9L
dfgjLo Iflt x'gk'Uof] . DofGdf/df !,#*,#^^ hgfsf] / rLgdf *&,$&^
hgfsf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] .
ljkb\af6 ePsf] cfly{s Ifltsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] ;g\ @)))–@))& sf] aLrsf]
cf};t jflif{s Iflt *! lalnog ca{ 8n/ ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] t/ ;g\
@))* df o;sf] bf]Aa/eGbf klg a9L !*! lalnog 8n/sf] Iflt x'guof] .
rLgsf] l;r'cfg k|fGtdf uPsf] e"sDkaf6 *% lalnog 8n/ / cd]l/sfdf
cfPsf] ;fOSnf]g -rqmjft_ af6 #) lalnog 8n/sf] Iflt ePsf] cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 .
#@
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld !–!^
s_ kl/ro #
v_ ljkb\ hf]lvd / g]kfn %
u_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf s] xf] < &
3_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf /0fg}lts nIox? !!
ª_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? !!
r_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf dfu{–lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? !@
5_ of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt !(($ !%
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
;g\ @))* df Pl;ofnL dxfb]z ljkb\sf 36gfx?af6 a9L k|efljt /x\of] . ;f] jif{
ljZjdf ePsf d'Vo !) j6f ljkb\sf 36gfx?dWo] gf}j6f Pl;ofnL /fi6«x?df
ePsf] lyof] .
;g\ @))) b]lv ;g\ @))* ;Ddsf] k|sf]k ?k/]vf
jif{ 36gf ;+Vof
@))) $!#
@))! #&(
@))@ $@@
@))# #^)
ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/df
DffgjLo Ifltsf cfwf/df ;g\ @))* df k|fs[lts k|sf]k
k|sf/
glu{; rqmjft e""sDk Aff9L ljifd\ hf8f]
k|sf]k ;+Vofsf cfwf/df b]zx? -@))*_
rLg lkmlnlkG; ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf OG8f]g]l;of leotgfd
k|lt Psnfv hg;+Vofdf d[To' ePsf / k|efljt hg;+Vof -@))*_
Tffhls:tfg lhafp6L (Djibouti);f]dflnof Ol/l6«of PlG6u'cf / ad"[{8f
ljkb\ hf]lvd / g]kfn
g]kfndf x/]s jif{ ljkb\df kl/ Psxhf/eGbf a9L dflg;sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf]
5 . cf};tdf x/]s lbg b'O{ g]kfnL ljkb\ jf o;sf sf/0f l;lh{t kl/l:yltn]
>f]t M CRED / UNISDR
%$
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
;g\ @))* df Pl;ofnL dxfb]z ljkb\sf 36gfx?af6 a9L k|efljt /x\of] . ;f] jif{
ljZjdf ePsf d'Vo !) j6f ljkb\sf 36gfx?dWo] gf}j6f Pl;ofnL /fi6«x?df
ePsf] lyof] .
;g\ @))) b]lv ;g\ @))* ;Ddsf] k|sf]k ?k/]vf
jif{ 36gf ;+Vof
@))) $!#
@))! #&(
@))@ $@@
@))# #^)
ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/df
DffgjLo Ifltsf cfwf/df ;g\ @))* df k|fs[lts k|sf]k
k|sf/
glu{; rqmjft e""sDk Aff9L ljifd\ hf8f]
k|sf]k ;+Vofsf cfwf/df b]zx? -@))*_
rLg lkmlnlkG; ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf OG8f]g]l;of leotgfd
k|lt Psnfv hg;+Vofdf d[To' ePsf / k|efljt hg;+Vof -@))*_
Tffhls:tfg lhafp6L (Djibouti);f]dflnof Ol/l6«of PlG6u'cf / ad"[{8f
ljkb\ hf]lvd / g]kfn
g]kfndf x/]s jif{ ljkb\df kl/ Psxhf/eGbf a9L dflg;sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf]
5 . cf};tdf x/]s lbg b'O{ g]kfnL ljkb\ jf o;sf sf/0f l;lh{t kl/l:yltn]
>f]t M CRED / UNISDR
%$
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ubf{ d[To'j/0f ul//x]sf 5g\ . ljut #% jif{sf] tYof+scg';f/ ljkb\sf 36gfaf6
jflif{s Psnfv #% xhf/ dflg; k|efljt x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . ljleGg If]qaf6 k|fKt
tYof+scg';f/ x/]s jif{ !^ xhf/ kl/jf/ ljkb\sf sf/0f cfkm\gf 3/af;
u'dfP/ lj:yflkt x'g]u/]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf ljkb\sf] cfj[lQ / Ifltsf] of]
qmd / dfqfdf lg/Gt/ j[l4 x'“b} uO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ u[x dGqfnosf
cg';f/ ljkb\sf sf/0f jflif{s cf};t ? ! ca{ @) s/f]8 *) nfv ?k}of“
a/fa/sf] cfly{s Iflt eO/x]sf] 5 .
lj1x?sf cg';f/ g]kfn ljZjsf !(* d'n'sdWo] e"sDkLo hf]lvdsf] lx;fan]
!! cf}+ / kfgLhGo k|sf]kaf6 x'g] Ifltsf lx;fan] #) cf}+ :yfgdf 5 . ljZjsf
k|d'v zx/x?dWo] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf e"sDkLo ljgfzsf] b[li6n] ;a}eGbf a9L
hf]lvddf /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;g\ !(() ;fndf uPsf] *=$ /]S6/ :s]n
a/fa/sf] e"sDk hfg] xf] eg] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf $) xhf/sf] d[To' x'g], (%
xhf/ 3fOt] x'g] / ^) k|ltzteGbf a9L 3/x? 9Ng] cg'dfg lj1x?sf] 5 .
;g\ !()) b]lv ;g\ @))* ;Dddf ljkb\ jf ljkb\n] lgDTofPsf kl/l:yltn] ubf{
@! xhf/ *@* g]kfnLsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 . -;|f]t M BM-DAT_ . o;dWo]
e"sDksf sf/0f ((@( hgfsf], af9Lsf] sf/0f %^(& hgfsf], dxfdf/Lsf]
sf/0f $!*! hgfsf] / klx/f]sf] sf/0f !&@* hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
;f]xL cjlwdf ljk\bn] ubf{ ** nfv ## xhf/ @^$ g]kfnL k|efljt x'g'sf] ;fy}
sl/a ? @&=@$ va{sf] cfly{s Iflt ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
ljkb\;DaGwL lgDg tYox?n] klg g]kfndf hf]lvdsf] cj:yfnfO{ k|i6 kfb{5 M
– x/]s jif{ $@) eGbf a9L ljkb\sf 36gfx? x'g] ub{5g\ .
– x/]s jif{ ljkb\sf sf/0fn] !))) eGbf a9Lsf] Hofg hfg] ub{5 .
– x/]s jif{ ljkb\sf sf/0f *) eGbf a9L ge]l6g] u/L x/fO/x]sf x'G5g\ .
– x/]s jif{ !^,))) eGbf a9L kl/jf/ ljkb\sf sf/0f lj:yflkt x'G5g\ .
– x/]s jif{ !,#%,))) eGbf a9L g]kfnx? ljkb\af6 k|efljt aG5g\ .
– x/]s jif{ ljkb\sf sf/0f ? !,@)*,))),))) eGbf a9Lsf] cfly{s Iflt x'g]
ub{5 .
– x/]s jif{ ljkb\sf sf/0f s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] cf};t $ k|ltzt Iflt
x'g]ub{5 .
-;|f]t M u[x dGqfno, Pg;]6÷o"Pgl8kL, PS;gP8 @))&_
ljkb\;DaGwL g]kfnsf k|d'v ;jfn / ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ If]qx? lgDg /x]sf 5g\ M
– ljkb\;DaGwL cNk1fgsf] lgjf/0f
– /fxtd'vL ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgdf ;'wf/
– k|efjsf/L ;dGjo / ;xeflutf
– ljsf; / ljkb\sf] ;DaGw hf]8\g] gLlt
– k'/ftg sfg"gL Aoj:yfdf kl/jt{g
– k|efjsf/L ;+:yfut ;+/rgf
– ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg of]hgf
– /fhgLlts r]tgf / k|lta4tf
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf s] xf] <
ljZjAofkL ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf ;b:o /fi6«x?n]
cg'df]bg u/]sf] ;femf /0fgLlt g} æx\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfÆ (Hyogo Framework
of Action) xf] . ;g\ @))%sf] !*–@@ hgj/Ldf hfkfgsf] sf]a] zx/df
cfof]lht bf]>f] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f ljZj ;Dd]ngdf ljZjsf
!^* /fi6«x?n] ;j{;Ddt?kdf x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ cg'df]bg ub}{ cjnDag
ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPsf lyP .
;f] ;Dd]ngdf tL /fi6«x?sf rf/xhf/eGbf a9L k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
lyof] . x/]s b]zsf ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, k|fl1s Pjd\ lghL ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf]
;f] ;Dd]ngdf ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
&^
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ubf{ d[To'j/0f ul//x]sf 5g\ . ljut #% jif{sf] tYof+scg';f/ ljkb\sf 36gfaf6
jflif{s Psnfv #% xhf/ dflg; k|efljt x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . ljleGg If]qaf6 k|fKt
tYof+scg';f/ x/]s jif{ !^ xhf/ kl/jf/ ljkb\sf sf/0f cfkm\gf 3/af;
u'dfP/ lj:yflkt x'g]u/]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf ljkb\sf] cfj[lQ / Ifltsf] of]
qmd / dfqfdf lg/Gt/ j[l4 x'“b} uO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ u[x dGqfnosf
cg';f/ ljkb\sf sf/0f jflif{s cf};t ? ! ca{ @) s/f]8 *) nfv ?k}of“
a/fa/sf] cfly{s Iflt eO/x]sf] 5 .
lj1x?sf cg';f/ g]kfn ljZjsf !(* d'n'sdWo] e"sDkLo hf]lvdsf] lx;fan]
!! cf}+ / kfgLhGo k|sf]kaf6 x'g] Ifltsf lx;fan] #) cf}+ :yfgdf 5 . ljZjsf
k|d'v zx/x?dWo] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf e"sDkLo ljgfzsf] b[li6n] ;a}eGbf a9L
hf]lvddf /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;g\ !(() ;fndf uPsf] *=$ /]S6/ :s]n
a/fa/sf] e"sDk hfg] xf] eg] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf $) xhf/sf] d[To' x'g], (%
xhf/ 3fOt] x'g] / ^) k|ltzteGbf a9L 3/x? 9Ng] cg'dfg lj1x?sf] 5 .
;g\ !()) b]lv ;g\ @))* ;Dddf ljkb\ jf ljkb\n] lgDTofPsf kl/l:yltn] ubf{
@! xhf/ *@* g]kfnLsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 . -;|f]t M BM-DAT_ . o;dWo]
e"sDksf sf/0f ((@( hgfsf], af9Lsf] sf/0f %^(& hgfsf], dxfdf/Lsf]
sf/0f $!*! hgfsf] / klx/f]sf] sf/0f !&@* hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
;f]xL cjlwdf ljk\bn] ubf{ ** nfv ## xhf/ @^$ g]kfnL k|efljt x'g'sf] ;fy}
sl/a ? @&=@$ va{sf] cfly{s Iflt ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
ljkb\;DaGwL lgDg tYox?n] klg g]kfndf hf]lvdsf] cj:yfnfO{ k|i6 kfb{5 M
– x/]s jif{ $@) eGbf a9L ljkb\sf 36gfx? x'g] ub{5g\ .
– x/]s jif{ ljkb\sf sf/0fn] !))) eGbf a9Lsf] Hofg hfg] ub{5 .
– x/]s jif{ ljkb\sf sf/0f *) eGbf a9L ge]l6g] u/L x/fO/x]sf x'G5g\ .
– x/]s jif{ !^,))) eGbf a9L kl/jf/ ljkb\sf sf/0f lj:yflkt x'G5g\ .
– x/]s jif{ !,#%,))) eGbf a9L g]kfnx? ljkb\af6 k|efljt aG5g\ .
– x/]s jif{ ljkb\sf sf/0f ? !,@)*,))),))) eGbf a9Lsf] cfly{s Iflt x'g]
ub{5 .
– x/]s jif{ ljkb\sf sf/0f s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] cf};t $ k|ltzt Iflt
x'g]ub{5 .
-;|f]t M u[x dGqfno, Pg;]6÷o"Pgl8kL, PS;gP8 @))&_
ljkb\;DaGwL g]kfnsf k|d'v ;jfn / ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ If]qx? lgDg /x]sf 5g\ M
– ljkb\;DaGwL cNk1fgsf] lgjf/0f
– /fxtd'vL ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgdf ;'wf/
– k|efjsf/L ;dGjo / ;xeflutf
– ljsf; / ljkb\sf] ;DaGw hf]8\g] gLlt
– k'/ftg sfg"gL Aoj:yfdf kl/jt{g
– k|efjsf/L ;+:yfut ;+/rgf
– ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg of]hgf
– /fhgLlts r]tgf / k|lta4tf
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf s] xf] <
ljZjAofkL ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf ;b:o /fi6«x?n]
cg'df]bg u/]sf] ;femf /0fgLlt g} æx\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfÆ (Hyogo Framework
of Action) xf] . ;g\ @))%sf] !*–@@ hgj/Ldf hfkfgsf] sf]a] zx/df
cfof]lht bf]>f] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f ljZj ;Dd]ngdf ljZjsf
!^* /fi6«x?n] ;j{;Ddt?kdf x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ cg'df]bg ub}{ cjnDag
ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPsf lyP .
;f] ;Dd]ngdf tL /fi6«x?sf rf/xhf/eGbf a9L k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
lyof] . x/]s b]zsf ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, k|fl1s Pjd\ lghL ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf]
;f] ;Dd]ngdf ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
&^
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
bzjif{sf] cjlwdf -;g\ @)!% ;Dddf_ ljkb\sf] sf/0fn] x'g] dfgjLo, ;fdflhs,
cfly{s / jftfj/0fLo IfltnfO{ pNn]Vo?kdf sd u/fO x/]s /fi6« / ;d'bfox?nfO{
k|sf]klj?4 pTyfgzLntf -resilience)sf] ljsf; u/fpg] dxTjk"0f{ kl/0ffdsf]
o;n] ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5 .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] kf“rj6f k|fyldstfsf sfo{x?nfO{ lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5 .
o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu dfu{–lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? to ul/g'sf] ;fy}
ljkb\sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfonfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] k[i7e"lddf pTyfgzLntfsf]
ljsf; u/fpg Aojxfl/s tl/sfx? ;d]t o;n] l;kmfl/z u/]sf] 5 .
ljsf;sf of]hgf / /0fgLltsf] s]Gb|ljGb'sf]?kdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
x'g'kg]{ cjwf/0ffnfO{ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . k|sf]kn] ljsf;sf]
pknAwLnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] / ul/aL a9fpg] x'gfn] a]n}df uDeL/ sbd grflnP
;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIosf] k|d'v tuf/f] g} k|sf]kLo Iflt x'g;Sg]tkm{ x\of]uf] sfo{
;+/rgfn] ;r]t u/fPsf] 5 .
;f] ;Dd]ngn] tLgj6f k|:tfjx?nfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] lyof] . klxnf] k|:tfj cf7
a'"b] x\of]uf] 3f]if0ffkq (Hyogo Declaration), bf]>f] k|:tfj x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf
@))%–@)!% M ljkb\lj?4 /fi6« / ;d'bfox?df pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f (HyogoFramework of Action 2005-2015 : Building the Resilience ofNations and Communities to Disasters) /x]sf] lyof] . o:t} t]>f] k|:tfj
qm]8]lG6on sld6L (credential committee)sf] k|ltj]bg /x]sf] lyof] .
x\of]uf] 3f]if0ffkqdf lgDg cf7 a'“bfx? pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ M
!_ PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ultljlwx?nfO{ cem
;zQm kfg{ ;fGble{s cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tf / ;+/rgfx? xfdL lgdf{0f ug]{5f}+ .
;fy} ;x;|fAbL 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v ePsf;lxt cGt/f{li6«o?kdf ;xdlt hgfOPsf
ljsf;sf nIox? k"/f ug]{ k|lta4tf ;d]t xfdL hgfp“b5f}+ . ljZjAofkL?kdf
ul/aL x6fpg] k|of;x?df ljkb\sf 36gfx?n] ult/f]w k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . lbuf]
ljsf;sf] nflu ljkb\sf] c;/ uDeL/ r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf v8f ePsf] 5 .
@_ lbuf] ljsf;, ul/aL lgjf/0f / c? tTjx?sf] ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f;“u /x]sf]
cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwnfO{ xfdLn] klxNofPsf 5f}+ . ;/sf/L, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o
;+u7gx?, ljlQo ;+:yfx?, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / :jod\;]js;lxtsf] gful/s
;dfh, lghL If]q, j}1flgs ;d'bfonufotsf] ;xeflutfsf] dxTjnfO{ xfdLn]
cfTd;ft u/]sf 5f}+ . of] ;Dd]ngsf] bf}/fg Pjd\ k"j{tof/Lsf] k|lqmofdf ePsf
;a} ;fGble{s sfo{x?nfO{ xfdL :jfut ub{5f}+ .
#_ ljkb\ /f]syfd / pTyfgzLntfsf] ;+:s[lt / o;;“u hf]l8Psf k"j{–ljkb\
/0fgLltx? :j:y nufgLx? x'g\ / o;nfO{ AolQmb]lv cGt/f{li6«o;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{
txx?df ;Da4{g ug'{kb{5 eGg] xfdLn] a'em]sf 5f}+ . k|s[lthGo k|sf]ksf] hf]lvddf
dfgj ;dfh af“Rg kl//x]sf] 5 . o;f] ePtfklg xfdL tL zlQmxLg dflg;x?sf
;fd' k'Ug ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ hf] k|sf]k k"j{tof/L / c;/nfO{ cNkLs/0f ug{ cIfd
5g\ . h;sf nflu ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f rqmsf] k[i7e"lddf gful/s–s]lGb|t k"j{–
r]tfjgL k|0ffnL, hf]lvd d"Nof+sg, lzIff Pjd\ c? k"j{lqmofd'vL, PsLs[t,
ax'–k|sf]kLo, ax'–If]qut kxn / ultljlwx?nfO{ dfWod agfpg ;lsG5 . ljkb\
hf]lvd, k|sf]k / o;sf] c;/ uDeL/ vt/fsf]?kdf plePklg k|ltsfo{nfO{
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug]{ / eljiodf ;+s6f;Ggtf sd ug]{ sfo{x?tkm{ pGd'v
u/fpg ;Sg'kb{5 / ug}{kb{5 .
$_ xfd|f] of] b[9tf 5 ls s'g} klg b]zsf gful/ssf] hLpwgsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ k|d'v
bfloTj /fHosf] xf] . t;y{ /fHosf] Ifdtf / ;|f]tcg'?k ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
/fli6«o gLltdf k|fyldstf lbg' clt g} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . xfdL s] s'/fdf ;xdt 5f}+
eg] :yfgLotxdf ljkb\ hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;d'bfotxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4
ug'{ cTofjZos 5 . gful/s / ;d'bfodf ljkb\sf 36gfx? hLjg, hLljsf,
cfTd;Ddfg / ;'/Iffsf] k|d'v r'gf}tLx? x'g\ . cem ljz]iftM ul/ax?sf] nflu .
t;y{ ljkb\sf] vt/fdf /x]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v / sdljsl;t /fi6«x? Pjd\ ljsl;t
(*
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
bzjif{sf] cjlwdf -;g\ @)!% ;Dddf_ ljkb\sf] sf/0fn] x'g] dfgjLo, ;fdflhs,
cfly{s / jftfj/0fLo IfltnfO{ pNn]Vo?kdf sd u/fO x/]s /fi6« / ;d'bfox?nfO{
k|sf]klj?4 pTyfgzLntf -resilience)sf] ljsf; u/fpg] dxTjk"0f{ kl/0ffdsf]
o;n] ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5 .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] kf“rj6f k|fyldstfsf sfo{x?nfO{ lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5 .
o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu dfu{–lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? to ul/g'sf] ;fy}
ljkb\sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfonfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] k[i7e"lddf pTyfgzLntfsf]
ljsf; u/fpg Aojxfl/s tl/sfx? ;d]t o;n] l;kmfl/z u/]sf] 5 .
ljsf;sf of]hgf / /0fgLltsf] s]Gb|ljGb'sf]?kdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
x'g'kg]{ cjwf/0ffnfO{ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . k|sf]kn] ljsf;sf]
pknAwLnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] / ul/aL a9fpg] x'gfn] a]n}df uDeL/ sbd grflnP
;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIosf] k|d'v tuf/f] g} k|sf]kLo Iflt x'g;Sg]tkm{ x\of]uf] sfo{
;+/rgfn] ;r]t u/fPsf] 5 .
;f] ;Dd]ngn] tLgj6f k|:tfjx?nfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] lyof] . klxnf] k|:tfj cf7
a'"b] x\of]uf] 3f]if0ffkq (Hyogo Declaration), bf]>f] k|:tfj x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf
@))%–@)!% M ljkb\lj?4 /fi6« / ;d'bfox?df pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f (HyogoFramework of Action 2005-2015 : Building the Resilience ofNations and Communities to Disasters) /x]sf] lyof] . o:t} t]>f] k|:tfj
qm]8]lG6on sld6L (credential committee)sf] k|ltj]bg /x]sf] lyof] .
x\of]uf] 3f]if0ffkqdf lgDg cf7 a'“bfx? pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ M
!_ PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ultljlwx?nfO{ cem
;zQm kfg{ ;fGble{s cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tf / ;+/rgfx? xfdL lgdf{0f ug]{5f}+ .
;fy} ;x;|fAbL 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v ePsf;lxt cGt/f{li6«o?kdf ;xdlt hgfOPsf
ljsf;sf nIox? k"/f ug]{ k|lta4tf ;d]t xfdL hgfp“b5f}+ . ljZjAofkL?kdf
ul/aL x6fpg] k|of;x?df ljkb\sf 36gfx?n] ult/f]w k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . lbuf]
ljsf;sf] nflu ljkb\sf] c;/ uDeL/ r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf v8f ePsf] 5 .
@_ lbuf] ljsf;, ul/aL lgjf/0f / c? tTjx?sf] ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f;“u /x]sf]
cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwnfO{ xfdLn] klxNofPsf 5f}+ . ;/sf/L, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o
;+u7gx?, ljlQo ;+:yfx?, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / :jod\;]js;lxtsf] gful/s
;dfh, lghL If]q, j}1flgs ;d'bfonufotsf] ;xeflutfsf] dxTjnfO{ xfdLn]
cfTd;ft u/]sf 5f}+ . of] ;Dd]ngsf] bf}/fg Pjd\ k"j{tof/Lsf] k|lqmofdf ePsf
;a} ;fGble{s sfo{x?nfO{ xfdL :jfut ub{5f}+ .
#_ ljkb\ /f]syfd / pTyfgzLntfsf] ;+:s[lt / o;;“u hf]l8Psf k"j{–ljkb\
/0fgLltx? :j:y nufgLx? x'g\ / o;nfO{ AolQmb]lv cGt/f{li6«o;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{
txx?df ;Da4{g ug'{kb{5 eGg] xfdLn] a'em]sf 5f}+ . k|s[lthGo k|sf]ksf] hf]lvddf
dfgj ;dfh af“Rg kl//x]sf] 5 . o;f] ePtfklg xfdL tL zlQmxLg dflg;x?sf
;fd' k'Ug ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ hf] k|sf]k k"j{tof/L / c;/nfO{ cNkLs/0f ug{ cIfd
5g\ . h;sf nflu ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f rqmsf] k[i7e"lddf gful/s–s]lGb|t k"j{–
r]tfjgL k|0ffnL, hf]lvd d"Nof+sg, lzIff Pjd\ c? k"j{lqmofd'vL, PsLs[t,
ax'–k|sf]kLo, ax'–If]qut kxn / ultljlwx?nfO{ dfWod agfpg ;lsG5 . ljkb\
hf]lvd, k|sf]k / o;sf] c;/ uDeL/ vt/fsf]?kdf plePklg k|ltsfo{nfO{
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug]{ / eljiodf ;+s6f;Ggtf sd ug]{ sfo{x?tkm{ pGd'v
u/fpg ;Sg'kb{5 / ug}{kb{5 .
$_ xfd|f] of] b[9tf 5 ls s'g} klg b]zsf gful/ssf] hLpwgsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ k|d'v
bfloTj /fHosf] xf] . t;y{ /fHosf] Ifdtf / ;|f]tcg'?k ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
/fli6«o gLltdf k|fyldstf lbg' clt g} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . xfdL s] s'/fdf ;xdt 5f}+
eg] :yfgLotxdf ljkb\ hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;d'bfotxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4
ug'{ cTofjZos 5 . gful/s / ;d'bfodf ljkb\sf 36gfx? hLjg, hLljsf,
cfTd;Ddfg / ;'/Iffsf] k|d'v r'gf}tLx? x'g\ . cem ljz]iftM ul/ax?sf] nflu .
t;y{ ljkb\sf] vt/fdf /x]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v / sdljsl;t /fi6«x? Pjd\ ljsl;t
(*
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
/fi6«sf ;–;fgf 6fk'x?df ljkb\sf] hf]lvd sd ug'{ tTsfnsf] cfjZostf xf] .
o;sf] nflu ;'b[9 /fli6«o k|of;x? / ljsl;t låkIfLo, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o
;xsfo{sf] ;xfotf lnOg'kb{5 .
%_ xfdL, t;y{, ‘x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf @))%–@)!% M ljkb\lj?4 /fi6« / ;d'bfox?sf]
pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f’ nfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5f}+ . o;sf /0fg}lts nIox?, cfzf
ul/Psf pknAwLx?, k|fyldstfsf sfo{x?, sfof{Gjog /0fgLltx? / cg'udg
ultljlwx? csf]{ bzs;Dd ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ dfu{–lgb]{zsLo ;+/rgf x'g]5g\ .
^_ xfdL ljZjf; ub{5f}}+ ls x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf ;a} txdf d"t{?kdf cg'jflbt
ug{ o;sf pknAwLx?nfO{ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf] cGt/f{li6«o /0fgLlt
(International Strategy For Disaster Reduction) dfkm{t cg'udg
ul/g'kb{5 . x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf cfzf ul/Psf pknAwL / /0fg}lts nIox?nfO{
xfl;n ug{ lglZrt kl/l:yltx? / Ifdtfx?sf] cfwf/df pko'Qm ;"rs
(indicator)sf] ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 eGg] xfdLn] a'em]sf 5f}+ . ljleGg
;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ;xof]ufTds efjgf / ;fd"lxszlQmsf] k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ lsl;dsf
cGtlqm{ofx? Pjd\ :jod\;]jL u7aGwgnfO{ ;Da4{g ug]{ ultljlwx?n] ljkb\
Go"gLs/0fdf k'¥ofpg] ;xof]usf] xfdLn] dgg u/]sf 5f}+ . ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgsf]
;+oGqnfO{ cem ljsf; u/]/ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmdx?, k|of;x?,
/fd|f cEof;x?, l;sfOx?, k|ljlwx?, kl/0ffdx? / kmfObfx?nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o
;d'bfoaLr af“8\g xfdL sl6a4 5f}+ .
&_ xfdL ca ;a} txsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?l;t ‘sfo{’ (action)sf] nflu cfx\jfg
ub}{ ;fGble{s / ljlzi6 cg'ej ePsfx?;“u of]ubfgsf] ck]Iff ub{5f}+ . xfdL of]
s'/fk|lt ;r]t 5f}+ ls of] ljZj ;Dd]ngsf] pknAwLnfO{ d"t{?k lbg] sfo{ xfd|f]
lg/Gt/ / cys ;fd"lxs k|of;, alnof] /fhg}lts OR5fzlQm Pjd\ ;femf
lhDd]jf/L / nufgLdf lge{/ /x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] jt{dfg / efjL lk9L+sf] lxtsf]
lglDt csf]{ bzsleq ljkb\sf] hf]lvdaf6 ljZjnfO{ ;'/lIft kfg{ h?/L 5 .
*_ of] ljZj ;Dd]ngsf] cfltYotf k|bfg ug]{ hfkfgsf] ;/sf/ / hfkfgL hgtf,
ljz]ifu/L x\of]uf] If]qsf hgtfx?sf] xfdL cToGt k|z+;f ub{5f}+ .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf /0fg}lts nIox? M
s_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmdx?df
cem k|efjsf/L?kdf / ;a} txdf ;dflxt ug]{ . ;fy} ljkb\ /f]syfd (prevention),cNkLs/0f (mitigation), k"j{tof/L (preparedness_ / ;+s6f;Ggtf
(vulnerability) Go"gLs/0fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg] .
v_ ljz]iftM ;d'bfosf] txdf k|0ffnLut of]ubfg lbg;Sg] u/L ljkb\lj?4
pTyfgzLntf (resilience) sf] lgdf{0f / ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ ;+:yf, ;+oGq /
Ifdtfx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
u_ cfkTsfnLg k"j{tof/L, k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf of]hgf agfp“bf / sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjog ubf{ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ k|0ffnLut ;dfof]hg
ug]{ .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? M
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] kf“rj6f k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] d'Vo efu klg dfGg ;lsG5 . k|To]s k|fyldstf cGtu{tsf
;Defljt sfo{x?nfO{ o; ;+/rgfn] lj:t[t?kdf AofVof u/]sf] 5 .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ ! M
alnof] ;+:yfut cfwf/;lxt ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o / :yfgLo k|fyldstf
x'g]5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ @ M
ljkb\sf hf]lvdx?sf] klxrfg, lgwf{/0f / cg'udg ug]{ tyf k"j{r]tfjgL lbg]
Aoj:yfsf] clej[l4 ug]{ .
!!!)
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
/fi6«sf ;–;fgf 6fk'x?df ljkb\sf] hf]lvd sd ug'{ tTsfnsf] cfjZostf xf] .
o;sf] nflu ;'b[9 /fli6«o k|of;x? / ljsl;t låkIfLo, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o
;xsfo{sf] ;xfotf lnOg'kb{5 .
%_ xfdL, t;y{, ‘x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf @))%–@)!% M ljkb\lj?4 /fi6« / ;d'bfox?sf]
pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f’ nfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5f}+ . o;sf /0fg}lts nIox?, cfzf
ul/Psf pknAwLx?, k|fyldstfsf sfo{x?, sfof{Gjog /0fgLltx? / cg'udg
ultljlwx? csf]{ bzs;Dd ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ dfu{–lgb]{zsLo ;+/rgf x'g]5g\ .
^_ xfdL ljZjf; ub{5f}}+ ls x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf ;a} txdf d"t{?kdf cg'jflbt
ug{ o;sf pknAwLx?nfO{ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf] cGt/f{li6«o /0fgLlt
(International Strategy For Disaster Reduction) dfkm{t cg'udg
ul/g'kb{5 . x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf cfzf ul/Psf pknAwL / /0fg}lts nIox?nfO{
xfl;n ug{ lglZrt kl/l:yltx? / Ifdtfx?sf] cfwf/df pko'Qm ;"rs
(indicator)sf] ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 eGg] xfdLn] a'em]sf 5f}+ . ljleGg
;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ;xof]ufTds efjgf / ;fd"lxszlQmsf] k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ lsl;dsf
cGtlqm{ofx? Pjd\ :jod\;]jL u7aGwgnfO{ ;Da4{g ug]{ ultljlwx?n] ljkb\
Go"gLs/0fdf k'¥ofpg] ;xof]usf] xfdLn] dgg u/]sf 5f}+ . ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgsf]
;+oGqnfO{ cem ljsf; u/]/ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmdx?, k|of;x?,
/fd|f cEof;x?, l;sfOx?, k|ljlwx?, kl/0ffdx? / kmfObfx?nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o
;d'bfoaLr af“8\g xfdL sl6a4 5f}+ .
&_ xfdL ca ;a} txsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?l;t ‘sfo{’ (action)sf] nflu cfx\jfg
ub}{ ;fGble{s / ljlzi6 cg'ej ePsfx?;“u of]ubfgsf] ck]Iff ub{5f}+ . xfdL of]
s'/fk|lt ;r]t 5f}+ ls of] ljZj ;Dd]ngsf] pknAwLnfO{ d"t{?k lbg] sfo{ xfd|f]
lg/Gt/ / cys ;fd"lxs k|of;, alnof] /fhg}lts OR5fzlQm Pjd\ ;femf
lhDd]jf/L / nufgLdf lge{/ /x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] jt{dfg / efjL lk9L+sf] lxtsf]
lglDt csf]{ bzsleq ljkb\sf] hf]lvdaf6 ljZjnfO{ ;'/lIft kfg{ h?/L 5 .
*_ of] ljZj ;Dd]ngsf] cfltYotf k|bfg ug]{ hfkfgsf] ;/sf/ / hfkfgL hgtf,
ljz]ifu/L x\of]uf] If]qsf hgtfx?sf] xfdL cToGt k|z+;f ub{5f}+ .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf /0fg}lts nIox? M
s_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmdx?df
cem k|efjsf/L?kdf / ;a} txdf ;dflxt ug]{ . ;fy} ljkb\ /f]syfd (prevention),cNkLs/0f (mitigation), k"j{tof/L (preparedness_ / ;+s6f;Ggtf
(vulnerability) Go"gLs/0fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg] .
v_ ljz]iftM ;d'bfosf] txdf k|0ffnLut of]ubfg lbg;Sg] u/L ljkb\lj?4
pTyfgzLntf (resilience) sf] lgdf{0f / ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ ;+:yf, ;+oGq /
Ifdtfx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
u_ cfkTsfnLg k"j{tof/L, k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf of]hgf agfp“bf / sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjog ubf{ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ k|0ffnLut ;dfof]hg
ug]{ .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? M
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] kf“rj6f k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] d'Vo efu klg dfGg ;lsG5 . k|To]s k|fyldstf cGtu{tsf
;Defljt sfo{x?nfO{ o; ;+/rgfn] lj:t[t?kdf AofVof u/]sf] 5 .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ ! M
alnof] ;+:yfut cfwf/;lxt ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o / :yfgLo k|fyldstf
x'g]5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ @ M
ljkb\sf hf]lvdx?sf] klxrfg, lgwf{/0f / cg'udg ug]{ tyf k"j{r]tfjgL lbg]
Aoj:yfsf] clej[l4 ug]{ .
!!!)
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ # M
;a} txdf ljkb\ ;'/Iff / pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ lzIff, 1fg / gjLgtd
tf}/tl/sfsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ $ M
hf]lvdsf cGtlglx{t tTjx?nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ % M
;a} txdf k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{ ;zQm kfg]{ .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf dfu{–lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? M
!_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] sfof{Gjogdf /fHosf] k|d'v pQ/bfloTj /xG5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu /fHo nufgLsf] dxTjk"0f{ lx:;fsf] ?kdf ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f /xg'kb{5 . k|sf]kaf6 cfkm\gf gful/ssf] ;'/Iff ug{ / ;DklQ
hf]ufpg /fHo;“u zlQm /x]sf] x'G5 . t/ /fHo PSn}n] dfq of] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf w]/} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsfdf lge{/
/x]sf] x'G5 . h:t} M If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx?, :jod\;]js;lxtsf] gful/s
;dfh, lghL If]q, ;+rf/dfWod, j}1flgs ;d'bfo cflb OToflb .
@_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljsf;sf ultljlwx?;“u PsLs[t ul/g'kb{5 .
ljkb\n] hLjg, hLljsfnfO{ w/fzfoL kfl//x]sf] 5 / w]/} dflg;nfO{ ul/aLsf]
s'rqmaf6 p7\g lbO/x]sf] 5}g . sl7g ;+3if{ / 7"nf] nufgLaf6 k|fKt ljsf;sf
pknAwLx?nfO{ ;d]t ljkb\n] lg:t]h ul//x]sf] 5 . o:tf] Ifltaf6 hf]ufpg
/fHon] ljsf;sf /0fgLltx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;dflxt
ug'{kb{5, ljsf; of]hgfsf] dxTjk"0f{ kf6f]sf]?kdf ljkb\sf] ;Defljt vt/f
klxNofpg'kb{5, cfjZos ;|f]t ljlgof]hg ug'{kb{5 / If]qut of]hgfx?df klg of]
nfu" ul/g'kb{5 . ljkb\n] ljZjel/ k'¥ofO/x]sf] IfltnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ cGt/f{li6«o
ljsf; a}+sx?, cGt/f{li6«o ;xfotf ;+:yfx?n] ljsf; of]hgf / cEof;x?df
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ a9\bf] dxTjsf] ;fy ;+nUg u/fO/x]sf 5g\ .
dfgjLo ;xfotf sfo{df ;+nUg ;+:yfx?n] klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
cfkm\gf gLlt / sfo{qmdx?sf] cfwf/e"ttTjsf] ?kdf dfGb} cfPsf 5g\ . h;n]
ubf{ dfgjLo k|ltsfo{ / ;xfotfsf] cfjZostf / dfqf 36\b} hfg] ljZjf;
pgLx?sf] 5 .
#_ ;fdfGotof Pp6f ;d'bfo w]/} k|sf/sf k|sf]kx?sf] vt/fdf /x]sf] x'G5 .
rfx] Tof] k|fs[lts (natural) xf];\, dfgjhGo (human-induced) xf];\ jfjftfj/0fLo (environmental), k|f}Bf]lusLo (technological), ef}ule{sLo
(geological), h}ljsLo (biological) cflb g} lsg gxf];\ . t;y{ ax'k|sf]kLo
kxnsbdLn] g} ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg ;Sb5 .
lglZrt k|sf/sf] k|sf]knfO{ 5gf}6 u/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?n] ljkb\
hf]lvdnfO{ k|efjsf/L?kdf ;fdgf ug{ ;Sb}g . ax'k|sf]kLo kxn eGgfn] ;a}
k|sf/sf k|sf]kx?sf] 1fgnfO{ Pscsf{;“u hf]8\b} ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg,
/fhg}lts /0fgLltx?, Aoj;flos d"Nof+sgx?, k|fljlws ljZn]if0fx?,;+rfng
Ifdtfx? Pjd\ hgdfg;sf] a'emfOx?df ptfb}{ n}hfg] eGg] a'em\g'kb{5 h;af6
vr{–nfesf] b[li6 / sfo{ k|efjsfl/tfsf] lx;fadf 7"nf] pknAwL xft nfUg
;sf];\ .
$_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb'df /x]sf] /0fgLlt g} Ifdtf ljsf; xf] .
gful/s, ;+u7g / ;d'bfon] ljkb\sf] hf]lvdnfO{ cfkm}+n] Aoj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]
agfpg Ifdtf ljsf; ckl/xfo{ 5 . Ifdtf ljsf; eGgfn] tflnd / ljlzi6
k|fljlws ;xfotf dfq xf]Og, cfkm\gf] ;d'bfosf] ljkb\ hf]lvd klxrfg ug]{ /
hf]lvd sd ub}{ n}hfg] IfdtfnfO{ cem ;'b[9 t'Nofpg' klg xf] . o; cGtu{t lbuf]
k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f, ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg, ;+oGq ljsf;, Aoj:yfksLo ;Lk,
Aoj;flos ;Da4tfx?, ;|f]t kl/rfng cflb klg kb{5g\ . Ifdtf ljsf;sf
!#!@
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ # M
;a} txdf ljkb\ ;'/Iff / pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ lzIff, 1fg / gjLgtd
tf}/tl/sfsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ $ M
hf]lvdsf cGtlglx{t tTjx?nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ % M
;a} txdf k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{ ;zQm kfg]{ .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf dfu{–lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? M
!_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] sfof{Gjogdf /fHosf] k|d'v pQ/bfloTj /xG5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu /fHo nufgLsf] dxTjk"0f{ lx:;fsf] ?kdf ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f /xg'kb{5 . k|sf]kaf6 cfkm\gf gful/ssf] ;'/Iff ug{ / ;DklQ
hf]ufpg /fHo;“u zlQm /x]sf] x'G5 . t/ /fHo PSn}n] dfq of] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf w]/} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsfdf lge{/
/x]sf] x'G5 . h:t} M If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx?, :jod\;]js;lxtsf] gful/s
;dfh, lghL If]q, ;+rf/dfWod, j}1flgs ;d'bfo cflb OToflb .
@_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljsf;sf ultljlwx?;“u PsLs[t ul/g'kb{5 .
ljkb\n] hLjg, hLljsfnfO{ w/fzfoL kfl//x]sf] 5 / w]/} dflg;nfO{ ul/aLsf]
s'rqmaf6 p7\g lbO/x]sf] 5}g . sl7g ;+3if{ / 7"nf] nufgLaf6 k|fKt ljsf;sf
pknAwLx?nfO{ ;d]t ljkb\n] lg:t]h ul//x]sf] 5 . o:tf] Ifltaf6 hf]ufpg
/fHon] ljsf;sf /0fgLltx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;dflxt
ug'{kb{5, ljsf; of]hgfsf] dxTjk"0f{ kf6f]sf]?kdf ljkb\sf] ;Defljt vt/f
klxNofpg'kb{5, cfjZos ;|f]t ljlgof]hg ug'{kb{5 / If]qut of]hgfx?df klg of]
nfu" ul/g'kb{5 . ljkb\n] ljZjel/ k'¥ofO/x]sf] IfltnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ cGt/f{li6«o
ljsf; a}+sx?, cGt/f{li6«o ;xfotf ;+:yfx?n] ljsf; of]hgf / cEof;x?df
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ a9\bf] dxTjsf] ;fy ;+nUg u/fO/x]sf 5g\ .
dfgjLo ;xfotf sfo{df ;+nUg ;+:yfx?n] klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
cfkm\gf gLlt / sfo{qmdx?sf] cfwf/e"ttTjsf] ?kdf dfGb} cfPsf 5g\ . h;n]
ubf{ dfgjLo k|ltsfo{ / ;xfotfsf] cfjZostf / dfqf 36\b} hfg] ljZjf;
pgLx?sf] 5 .
#_ ;fdfGotof Pp6f ;d'bfo w]/} k|sf/sf k|sf]kx?sf] vt/fdf /x]sf] x'G5 .
rfx] Tof] k|fs[lts (natural) xf];\, dfgjhGo (human-induced) xf];\ jfjftfj/0fLo (environmental), k|f}Bf]lusLo (technological), ef}ule{sLo
(geological), h}ljsLo (biological) cflb g} lsg gxf];\ . t;y{ ax'k|sf]kLo
kxnsbdLn] g} ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg ;Sb5 .
lglZrt k|sf/sf] k|sf]knfO{ 5gf}6 u/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?n] ljkb\
hf]lvdnfO{ k|efjsf/L?kdf ;fdgf ug{ ;Sb}g . ax'k|sf]kLo kxn eGgfn] ;a}
k|sf/sf k|sf]kx?sf] 1fgnfO{ Pscsf{;“u hf]8\b} ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg,
/fhg}lts /0fgLltx?, Aoj;flos d"Nof+sgx?, k|fljlws ljZn]if0fx?,;+rfng
Ifdtfx? Pjd\ hgdfg;sf] a'emfOx?df ptfb}{ n}hfg] eGg] a'em\g'kb{5 h;af6
vr{–nfesf] b[li6 / sfo{ k|efjsfl/tfsf] lx;fadf 7"nf] pknAwL xft nfUg
;sf];\ .
$_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb'df /x]sf] /0fgLlt g} Ifdtf ljsf; xf] .
gful/s, ;+u7g / ;d'bfon] ljkb\sf] hf]lvdnfO{ cfkm}+n] Aoj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]
agfpg Ifdtf ljsf; ckl/xfo{ 5 . Ifdtf ljsf; eGgfn] tflnd / ljlzi6
k|fljlws ;xfotf dfq xf]Og, cfkm\gf] ;d'bfosf] ljkb\ hf]lvd klxrfg ug]{ /
hf]lvd sd ub}{ n}hfg] IfdtfnfO{ cem ;'b[9 t'Nofpg' klg xf] . o; cGtu{t lbuf]
k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f, ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg, ;+oGq ljsf;, Aoj:yfksLo ;Lk,
Aoj;flos ;Da4tfx?, ;|f]t kl/rfng cflb klg kb{5g\ . Ifdtf ljsf;sf
!#!@
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
sfo{qmdx? tL ;+:yfx?af6 dfq} lbuf] x'g;S5 h;n] o;}nfO{ cfkm\gf] :yfoL p2]Zo
agfPsf] xf];\ .
%_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ljs]Gb|Ls[t pQ/bfloTj csf]{ dxTjk"0f{
s'/f xf] . ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf w]/} ultljlwx? If]qLo txdf, gu/kflnsf
txdf jf ufp“ txdf ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . ljkb\sf] s]xL k|d'v hf]lvd
tTjx? h:t} e"–pkof]usf] lgwf{/0f, ejg lgdf{0f :jLs[lt h:tf s'/fx? :yfgLo
txsf] k|zf;sLo pQ/bfloTjleq kb{5g\ . t;y{ :yfgLo txsf ljlzi6 tTjx?sf]
klxrfg u/L k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{ hgfpg pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t b'j}sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f
ul/g}kb{5 . ljs]Gb|Ls/0fn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf :yfgLo ;xeflutf j[l4
ug{ pTk|]/0ff hufpg'sf] ;fy} sfo{ r':ttfdf ;'wf/ Nofp“b5 .
^_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf]nflu hg;xeflutf geO{ x'“b}g .
;d'bfo ;lDdlnt eP/ lqmofsnfkx? th'{df ul/P dfq tL cfjZostfdf
cfwfl/t 5g\ / jf:tljs ;+s6f;Ggtflj?4 pGd'v 5 eGg ;lsG5 . hgtfsf]
;"lrt–;xeflutfn] k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf b]lvg] ;d:ofnfO{ sd ug{ lgs} 7"nf] 6]jf
k'¥ofp“b5 . ;xeflutfd"ns kxnsbdLn] k|sf]klj?4 k':tf}+b]lv k|of]u x'“b} cfPsf]
;gftg 1fg (indigenous knowledge) nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfp“b5 .
:yfgLo cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfk / lg0f{ox?df
;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsof] eg] ljkb\sf] hf]lvd / ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{ ;d'bfon] klxrfg
u/]sf] 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf x'G5 . hg;xeflutfn] ;+:yfut k|lqmofx?df, hf]lvd
n]vfhf]vf sfo{df / gLlt sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ klg k|ToIfk/f]If?kdf ;kmntfsf]
nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] x'G5 .
&_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf lghL–;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/L (Private–Public
Partnership) klg dxTjk"0f{ ljlw xf] . k|fs[lts k|sf]kn] lghL / ;fj{hlgs
b'j} If]qnfO{ k|efljt kfb{5 . t;y{ oL b'O{ If]qsf] ;fem]bf/Ln] b'j}sf] cfcfkm\gf
;|f]t / lj1tfnfO{ ;+o'Qm?kdf kl/rfng u/L ;Defljt Ifltaf6 hf]ufpg /
;d'bfosf] pTyfgzLntfsf] ljsf; ug{ dxTjk"0f{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg ;Sb5 . o;df
;fj{hlgs If]q eGgfn] ;/sf/L lgsfo, Aoj;flos ;+3;+:yfx?, k|fl1s ;+:yfx?,
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? cflb a'em\g'kb{5 eg] lghL If]q eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus, Aofkfl/s
;+:yfx?, tL ;Da4 ;+3;+u7gx?, lghL k|lti7fgx? cflbnfO{ a'emfp“b5 .
*_ ljkb\sf] hf]lvd / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjogdf n}+lus ;jfn
klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'g cfp“5 . ljutdf ePsf ljkb\sf 36gfx?n] s] hgfPsf]
5 eg] sd cfh{g ug]{ / ljljw sf/0fn] ;LdfGts[t ePsf -h:t} M j}jflxs
cj:yf, zf/Ll/s b'a{ntf, ;fdflhs / hftLo e]befj cflb_ dlxnfx?n] a9L
;f:tL v]Kg' kl//x]sf] 5 . ;d'bfosf] txdf dlxnfx? ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
ug{;Sg] alnof] l:yltdf /x]sf x'G5g\ lsgeg] pgLx? cfkm}+ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf]
pkef]Qmf / Aoj:yfks x'g]u/]sf 5g\ . t;y{ n}+lus b[li6n] klg ljlzi6Ls[t
;"rgfsf] klxrfg u/L k|of]u ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy} hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf /0fgLltx?
k'?if / dlxnf b'j}sf] e"ldsfnfO{ Vofn ub}{ cjnDag ul/b+}5 eGg] s'/fsf]
;'lglZrttf x'g'kb{5 .
(_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfkx? /fHosf] lglZrt ;+/rgf cg's"n
x'g] u/L ul/g'kb{5 . ljleGg /fi6«x?sf] km/s–km/s /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs,
cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, jftfj/0fLo / k|sf]ksf kl/l:yltx?df tL lqmofsnfkx?
lge{/ /xG5 . kl/df0ftM Ps 7fp“df ;kmn ePsf] sfo{qmd x'ax' p:t} ug{ vf]Hbf
csf]{ 7fp“df klg ;kmn g} x'G5 eGg ;lsb+}g . t;y{ c? 7fp“sf l;sfO cg'ej
/ kf7x?, cEof;x?nfO{ n]vfhf]vf u/L :yfgLo ;Gbe{df To;sf] pko'Qmtf
lgSof}{n u/]/ dfq lqmofsnfkx? to ul/g'kb{5 . o;f] ubf{ ;f+:s[lts / eflifs
ljljwtf, wd{, hftLotf, /fhg}lts k|0ffnL, k|s[lt;“usf] P]ltxfl;s ;DaGw,
;d'bfo / kfl/jfl/s ;~hfn Pjd\ g]t[Tj k|0ffnL, k/Dk/fut clwsf/x? cflb
OToflbaf/] Psbd} ;r]t /xg'kb{5 . oL tTjx?nfO{ ;'?jftd} x[boªud u/]/ dfq
gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df ul/g'kb{5 .
of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt !(($
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu of]sf]xfdf /0fgLltn] alnof] cfwf/
k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ !(($ df cjnDag ul/Psf] o; /0fgLltn] ljkb\ hf]lvd
!%!$
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
sfo{qmdx? tL ;+:yfx?af6 dfq} lbuf] x'g;S5 h;n] o;}nfO{ cfkm\gf] :yfoL p2]Zo
agfPsf] xf];\ .
%_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ljs]Gb|Ls[t pQ/bfloTj csf]{ dxTjk"0f{
s'/f xf] . ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf w]/} ultljlwx? If]qLo txdf, gu/kflnsf
txdf jf ufp“ txdf ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . ljkb\sf] s]xL k|d'v hf]lvd
tTjx? h:t} e"–pkof]usf] lgwf{/0f, ejg lgdf{0f :jLs[lt h:tf s'/fx? :yfgLo
txsf] k|zf;sLo pQ/bfloTjleq kb{5g\ . t;y{ :yfgLo txsf ljlzi6 tTjx?sf]
klxrfg u/L k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{ hgfpg pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t b'j}sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f
ul/g}kb{5 . ljs]Gb|Ls/0fn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf :yfgLo ;xeflutf j[l4
ug{ pTk|]/0ff hufpg'sf] ;fy} sfo{ r':ttfdf ;'wf/ Nofp“b5 .
^_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf]nflu hg;xeflutf geO{ x'“b}g .
;d'bfo ;lDdlnt eP/ lqmofsnfkx? th'{df ul/P dfq tL cfjZostfdf
cfwfl/t 5g\ / jf:tljs ;+s6f;Ggtflj?4 pGd'v 5 eGg ;lsG5 . hgtfsf]
;"lrt–;xeflutfn] k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf b]lvg] ;d:ofnfO{ sd ug{ lgs} 7"nf] 6]jf
k'¥ofp“b5 . ;xeflutfd"ns kxnsbdLn] k|sf]klj?4 k':tf}+b]lv k|of]u x'“b} cfPsf]
;gftg 1fg (indigenous knowledge) nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfp“b5 .
:yfgLo cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfk / lg0f{ox?df
;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsof] eg] ljkb\sf] hf]lvd / ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{ ;d'bfon] klxrfg
u/]sf] 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf x'G5 . hg;xeflutfn] ;+:yfut k|lqmofx?df, hf]lvd
n]vfhf]vf sfo{df / gLlt sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ klg k|ToIfk/f]If?kdf ;kmntfsf]
nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] x'G5 .
&_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf lghL–;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/L (Private–Public
Partnership) klg dxTjk"0f{ ljlw xf] . k|fs[lts k|sf]kn] lghL / ;fj{hlgs
b'j} If]qnfO{ k|efljt kfb{5 . t;y{ oL b'O{ If]qsf] ;fem]bf/Ln] b'j}sf] cfcfkm\gf
;|f]t / lj1tfnfO{ ;+o'Qm?kdf kl/rfng u/L ;Defljt Ifltaf6 hf]ufpg /
;d'bfosf] pTyfgzLntfsf] ljsf; ug{ dxTjk"0f{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg ;Sb5 . o;df
;fj{hlgs If]q eGgfn] ;/sf/L lgsfo, Aoj;flos ;+3;+:yfx?, k|fl1s ;+:yfx?,
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? cflb a'em\g'kb{5 eg] lghL If]q eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus, Aofkfl/s
;+:yfx?, tL ;Da4 ;+3;+u7gx?, lghL k|lti7fgx? cflbnfO{ a'emfp“b5 .
*_ ljkb\sf] hf]lvd / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjogdf n}+lus ;jfn
klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'g cfp“5 . ljutdf ePsf ljkb\sf 36gfx?n] s] hgfPsf]
5 eg] sd cfh{g ug]{ / ljljw sf/0fn] ;LdfGts[t ePsf -h:t} M j}jflxs
cj:yf, zf/Ll/s b'a{ntf, ;fdflhs / hftLo e]befj cflb_ dlxnfx?n] a9L
;f:tL v]Kg' kl//x]sf] 5 . ;d'bfosf] txdf dlxnfx? ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
ug{;Sg] alnof] l:yltdf /x]sf x'G5g\ lsgeg] pgLx? cfkm}+ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf]
pkef]Qmf / Aoj:yfks x'g]u/]sf 5g\ . t;y{ n}+lus b[li6n] klg ljlzi6Ls[t
;"rgfsf] klxrfg u/L k|of]u ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy} hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf /0fgLltx?
k'?if / dlxnf b'j}sf] e"ldsfnfO{ Vofn ub}{ cjnDag ul/b+}5 eGg] s'/fsf]
;'lglZrttf x'g'kb{5 .
(_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfkx? /fHosf] lglZrt ;+/rgf cg's"n
x'g] u/L ul/g'kb{5 . ljleGg /fi6«x?sf] km/s–km/s /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs,
cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, jftfj/0fLo / k|sf]ksf kl/l:yltx?df tL lqmofsnfkx?
lge{/ /xG5 . kl/df0ftM Ps 7fp“df ;kmn ePsf] sfo{qmd x'ax' p:t} ug{ vf]Hbf
csf]{ 7fp“df klg ;kmn g} x'G5 eGg ;lsb+}g . t;y{ c? 7fp“sf l;sfO cg'ej
/ kf7x?, cEof;x?nfO{ n]vfhf]vf u/L :yfgLo ;Gbe{df To;sf] pko'Qmtf
lgSof}{n u/]/ dfq lqmofsnfkx? to ul/g'kb{5 . o;f] ubf{ ;f+:s[lts / eflifs
ljljwtf, wd{, hftLotf, /fhg}lts k|0ffnL, k|s[lt;“usf] P]ltxfl;s ;DaGw,
;d'bfo / kfl/jfl/s ;~hfn Pjd\ g]t[Tj k|0ffnL, k/Dk/fut clwsf/x? cflb
OToflbaf/] Psbd} ;r]t /xg'kb{5 . oL tTjx?nfO{ ;'?jftd} x[boªud u/]/ dfq
gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df ul/g'kb{5 .
of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt !(($
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu of]sf]xfdf /0fgLltn] alnof] cfwf/
k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ !(($ df cjnDag ul/Psf] o; /0fgLltn] ljkb\ hf]lvd
!%!$
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ldcWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
Go"gLs/0f / k|sf]ksf] c;/ sd ug{ dxTjk"0f{ dfu{lgb]{zg tof/ u¥of] .
of]sf]xfdf /0fgLltsf] sfo{ ;dLIffsf] qmddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf k|d'v
r'gf}tLx?sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] lyof] . tL r'gf}tL / b]lvPsf l/Qmttfx?nfO{
lgDgfg';f/ kf“r If]qdf pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] M
s_ ;'zf;g M ;+u7gfTds, sfg"gL / gLltut ;+/rgfx? .
v_ hf]lvd klxrfg, d"Nof+sg, cg'udg / k"j{r]tfjgL .
u_ 1fg Aoj:yfkg / lzIff .
3_ ljBdfg hf]lvdsf tTjx?sf] Go"gLs/0f .
ª_ k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf] k"j{tof/L .
of]sf]xfdf /0fgLltn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;a} kIfx?df k"j{lqmofzLn
cjwf/0ff (proactive approach) cg';f/ gful/snfO{ :yfgLo ;d'bfox?df
g} ;';"lrt ug]{, pTk|]l/t ug]{ / ;+nUg u/fpg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] . o;n]
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf p2]Zox?nfO{ xfl;n ug{ ljsf; ah]6af6 5'§ofOPsf]
;|f]t lgs} g} ck'u /x]sf] eGb} /fli6«o, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o txdf cfly{s ;+oGq
/ ;xsfo{ j[l4 ug{ ;'emfj lbPsf] lyof] .
���
!^
cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
NSET. (2008) : “National Strategy for Disaster Risk ReductionManagement in Nepal”. Kathmandu.
United Nations (UN). (2005) : Report on “The World Conference onDisaster Reduction”. Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
UN / ISDR. (2008) : “ Terminology : Basic Terms of Disaster RiskReduction”. www.unisdr.org/terminology
UN / ISDR. (2007) : “Words Into Action : A Guide for Implementingthe Hyogo Framework”. Geneva.
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!%!
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ljifo;"rL
k[i7
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfkx?
s_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! @)–#@
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=! @!
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=@ @$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=# @&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=$ #)
k/LIf0f ;"lr #@
v_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ ##–$^
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=! #$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=@ #&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=# $)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=$ $#
k/LIf0f ;"lr $^
u_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # $&–#$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=! $*
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=@ %)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=# %$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=$ %^
k/LIf0f ;"lr %*
!*!&
cWofo @x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf
k|fKt lqmofsnfkx?
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ljifo;"rL
k[i7
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfkx?
s_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! @)–#@
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=! @!
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=@ @$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=# @&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=$ #)
k/LIf0f ;"lr #@
v_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ ##–$^
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=! #$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=@ #&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=# $)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=$ $#
k/LIf0f ;"lr $^
u_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # $&–#$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=! $*
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=@ %)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=# %$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=$ %^
k/LIf0f ;"lr %*
!*!&
cWofo @x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf
k|fKt lqmofsnfkx?
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
3_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $ %(–&(
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=! ^)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=@ ^#
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=# ^%
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=$ ^&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=% &)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=^ &@
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=& &^
k/LIf0f ;"lr &*
ª_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk % *)–%^
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=! *!
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=@ *$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=# *^
k/LIf0f ;"lr ()
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o / :yfgLo k|fyldstfdf /xg] s'/f;'lglZrt ug]{ . o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;zQm ;+:yfut cfwf/x?
tof/ ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sfof{Gjogsf] nflu Psflt/ /fhg}lts k|lta4tf
/ ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf cfjZos /xG5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;+:yfut, sfg"gL /
sfo{;+rfng ;+oGqx?nfO{ ljsf; ug{ jf ;'b[9 ug{ h?/L 5 . of] k|fyldstfk|fKt
lqmofsnfkn] ljsf;sf of]hgfx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflxt ug{
Pjd\ cfjZostfcg';f/ lhDd]jf/LnfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sfof{Gjog ug{ /fHon] lgDg
sfo{x? ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 M
!=! ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] cfwf/x? tof/ ug{ ax'–;/f]sf/jfnf (multi-stakeholders) ;+nUg ;+jfb ;+rfng ug]{ .
!=@ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf k|0ffnLut ;dGjosf nflu ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug]{
jf ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] .
!=# ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;+:yfut cfwf/sf] d"Nof+sg / ljsf;
ug]{ .
!=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg], cfjZos ;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg
ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sf k|ult ;"rsx? M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] lglDt sfg"gL ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f . ;/f]sf/jfnf
;a} txdf :ki6 lhDd]jf/Lx?sf] af“8kmf“8 .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ax'–If]qut (multi-sectoral) /fli6«od~rsf] k|efjsf/L ;+rfng .
@)!(
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
3_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $ %(–&(
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=! ^)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=@ ^#
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=# ^%
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=$ ^&
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=% &)
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=^ &@
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=& &^
k/LIf0f ;"lr &*
ª_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk % *)–%^
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=! *!
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=@ *$
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=# *^
k/LIf0f ;"lr ()
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o / :yfgLo k|fyldstfdf /xg] s'/f;'lglZrt ug]{ . o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;zQm ;+:yfut cfwf/x?
tof/ ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sfof{Gjogsf] nflu Psflt/ /fhg}lts k|lta4tf
/ ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf cfjZos /xG5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;+:yfut, sfg"gL /
sfo{;+rfng ;+oGqx?nfO{ ljsf; ug{ jf ;'b[9 ug{ h?/L 5 . of] k|fyldstfk|fKt
lqmofsnfkn] ljsf;sf of]hgfx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflxt ug{
Pjd\ cfjZostfcg';f/ lhDd]jf/LnfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sfof{Gjog ug{ /fHon] lgDg
sfo{x? ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 M
!=! ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] cfwf/x? tof/ ug{ ax'–;/f]sf/jfnf (multi-stakeholders) ;+nUg ;+jfb ;+rfng ug]{ .
!=@ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf k|0ffnLut ;dGjosf nflu ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug]{
jf ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] .
!=# ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;+:yfut cfwf/sf] d"Nof+sg / ljsf;
ug]{ .
!=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg], cfjZos ;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg
ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sf k|ult ;"rsx? M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] lglDt sfg"gL ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f . ;/f]sf/jfnf
;a} txdf :ki6 lhDd]jf/Lx?sf] af“8kmf“8 .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ax'–If]qut (multi-sectoral) /fli6«od~rsf] k|efjsf/L ;+rfng .
@)!(
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
$= ljkb\af6 k|efljt ;d"x jf OR5's ;d"xx?sf] e]nf cfof]hgf ug]{ .
%= ;femf nIo, If]q, Ph]08f, w/ftnLo lgod / sfo{ljlwaf/] ;xdlt tof/
ug]{ .
^= ljz]if ;jfnx?df sfd ug{ ;Dej eP;Dd ax'If]qut (multisectoral)sfo{ ;d"x jf ;ldltx?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
&= ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x?sf] ;dGjosf] nflu ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ . ;dGjoleq k|ult
lgSof}{n / cg'udg Pjd\ kl/0ffdx?nfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ sfo{df hf]8 lbg] .
*= 7f]; kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; u/]/ 5nkmnnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] .
(= 5nkmnsf kl/0ffdx? k|jflxt ug]{ Pjd\ afx\o ;'emfjx?nfO{ k|fKt ug]{ /
cjnDag ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ . 5nkmnsf kl/0ffdx? ;DalGwt
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?, ;xefuL ;+3;+:yfx? / gful/s tx;Dd k'¥ofpg] .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– cy{, jftfj/0f, /fli6«o of]hgf / gLlt lgdf{0f x]g]{ lgsfox? .
– lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif dGqfno / c? ;fGble{s If]qx? .
– /fli6«o ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg / gful/s clwsf/ ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{
;+3;+u7gx? . ltgLx?sf] sfo{;+rfng ;fem]bf/x? h:t} k|x/L, /]8qm; cflb .
– gful/s hLjgsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] cfly{s / ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/
lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUgx? .
– ejg lgdf{0f ;+lxtfsf] lgu/fgL, lgodg / cg'df]bgsf nflu lhDd]jf/
gful/s c+ux? . jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfksx?, l/of] ;Dd]ngsf /fli6«o
kmf]sn KjfOG6, dlxnf cfof]u, k|d'v dfgjLo / ;fdflhs ;]jf ;Da4
;+u7gx? .
– e"–pkof]u;DaGwL of]hgfsf/x?, cfls{6]S6x?, OlGhlgo/x?, lgdf{0f
7]s]bf/x?, e"uf]nljb\x?, k|sf]klj1x?, jlsnx?, lzIfsx?, tflnd ;|f]t
AolQmx?, cg';Gwfgstf{x?, Aoj;flos ;+u7gx? .
– hf]lvd klxrfg, k|sf]k cg'udg, k"j{–r]tfjgL / k"j{tof/L ;DaGwL sfo{
ug]{ k|fljlws / j}1flgs ;+:yfx? .
– lghL If]q M ljlQo ;+:yfx? -a}+s, aLdf_ / ;+rf/ k|ljlw ;DaGwL sDkgLx? .
– ;+rf/ ;+:yfx? .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] /fli6«o gLlt ;+/rgf tof/ . o;df /fli6«ob]lv
:yfgLo;Dd ;a} k|zf;lgs txx?sf of]hgf / lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;a} k|zf;lgs txx?df kof{Kt
;|f]tx?sf] pknAwtf .
!=! ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf cfwf/x? tof/ ug{ ax';/f]sf/jfnf
;+nUg ;+jfb ;+rfng ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] /fi6«sf ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df NofO{
;+/rgfTds 5nkmnx? (structured discussions) åf/f ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf k|of;x?nfO{ ;zQm kfg]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ckm\7\of/fx? / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] rf;f]nfO{
;Daf]wg ug]{ pko'Qm ljlw g} ;+/rgfTds 5nkmn xf] . o;n] km/s km/s
;d"xx?aLr ;femf ;f]rfOsf] ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 eg] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf
nflu /fli6«o ;xdlt lgdf{0f ug{ klg 6]jf k'¥ofp“b5 . ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yfx? /
If]qx?dWo] s;sf] s] e"ldsf /xg] eGg] s'/f :ki6 ug]{ s'/fdf ;d]t o;n] 7"nf]
;xof]u ub{5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ / ltgLx?aLr lqmofzLn ;xsfo{sf]
;'lglZrttf ug]{ . k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx? tL x'g\ h;n] of]hgf th'{df ug{,
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /0fgLlt / sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug{ jf k|j4{g ug{ e"ldsf
v]Nb5g\ .
@= cl:tTjdf /x]sf ;fGble{s ;/sf/L jf gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx?sf] klxrfg
ug]{ . oL ;+oGqx?sf] k|of]un] 5nkmnnfO{ slt ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sb5 egL
n]vfhf]vf ug]{ .
#= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] Ps jf a9L h'emf?
cu'jf (champion) sf] klxrfg ug]{ .@@@!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
$= ljkb\af6 k|efljt ;d"x jf OR5's ;d"xx?sf] e]nf cfof]hgf ug]{ .
%= ;femf nIo, If]q, Ph]08f, w/ftnLo lgod / sfo{ljlwaf/] ;xdlt tof/
ug]{ .
^= ljz]if ;jfnx?df sfd ug{ ;Dej eP;Dd ax'If]qut (multisectoral)sfo{ ;d"x jf ;ldltx?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
&= ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x?sf] ;dGjosf] nflu ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ . ;dGjoleq k|ult
lgSof}{n / cg'udg Pjd\ kl/0ffdx?nfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ sfo{df hf]8 lbg] .
*= 7f]; kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; u/]/ 5nkmnnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] .
(= 5nkmnsf kl/0ffdx? k|jflxt ug]{ Pjd\ afx\o ;'emfjx?nfO{ k|fKt ug]{ /
cjnDag ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ . 5nkmnsf kl/0ffdx? ;DalGwt
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?, ;xefuL ;+3;+:yfx? / gful/s tx;Dd k'¥ofpg] .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– cy{, jftfj/0f, /fli6«o of]hgf / gLlt lgdf{0f x]g]{ lgsfox? .
– lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif dGqfno / c? ;fGble{s If]qx? .
– /fli6«o ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg / gful/s clwsf/ ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{
;+3;+u7gx? . ltgLx?sf] sfo{;+rfng ;fem]bf/x? h:t} k|x/L, /]8qm; cflb .
– gful/s hLjgsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] cfly{s / ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/
lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUgx? .
– ejg lgdf{0f ;+lxtfsf] lgu/fgL, lgodg / cg'df]bgsf nflu lhDd]jf/
gful/s c+ux? . jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfksx?, l/of] ;Dd]ngsf /fli6«o
kmf]sn KjfOG6, dlxnf cfof]u, k|d'v dfgjLo / ;fdflhs ;]jf ;Da4
;+u7gx? .
– e"–pkof]u;DaGwL of]hgfsf/x?, cfls{6]S6x?, OlGhlgo/x?, lgdf{0f
7]s]bf/x?, e"uf]nljb\x?, k|sf]klj1x?, jlsnx?, lzIfsx?, tflnd ;|f]t
AolQmx?, cg';Gwfgstf{x?, Aoj;flos ;+u7gx? .
– hf]lvd klxrfg, k|sf]k cg'udg, k"j{–r]tfjgL / k"j{tof/L ;DaGwL sfo{
ug]{ k|fljlws / j}1flgs ;+:yfx? .
– lghL If]q M ljlQo ;+:yfx? -a}+s, aLdf_ / ;+rf/ k|ljlw ;DaGwL sDkgLx? .
– ;+rf/ ;+:yfx? .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] /fli6«o gLlt ;+/rgf tof/ . o;df /fli6«ob]lv
:yfgLo;Dd ;a} k|zf;lgs txx?sf of]hgf / lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;a} k|zf;lgs txx?df kof{Kt
;|f]tx?sf] pknAwtf .
!=! ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf cfwf/x? tof/ ug{ ax';/f]sf/jfnf
;+nUg ;+jfb ;+rfng ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] /fi6«sf ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df NofO{
;+/rgfTds 5nkmnx? (structured discussions) åf/f ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf k|of;x?nfO{ ;zQm kfg]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ckm\7\of/fx? / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] rf;f]nfO{
;Daf]wg ug]{ pko'Qm ljlw g} ;+/rgfTds 5nkmn xf] . o;n] km/s km/s
;d"xx?aLr ;femf ;f]rfOsf] ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 eg] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf
nflu /fli6«o ;xdlt lgdf{0f ug{ klg 6]jf k'¥ofp“b5 . ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yfx? /
If]qx?dWo] s;sf] s] e"ldsf /xg] eGg] s'/f :ki6 ug]{ s'/fdf ;d]t o;n] 7"nf]
;xof]u ub{5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ / ltgLx?aLr lqmofzLn ;xsfo{sf]
;'lglZrttf ug]{ . k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx? tL x'g\ h;n] of]hgf th'{df ug{,
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /0fgLlt / sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug{ jf k|j4{g ug{ e"ldsf
v]Nb5g\ .
@= cl:tTjdf /x]sf ;fGble{s ;/sf/L jf gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx?sf] klxrfg
ug]{ . oL ;+oGqx?sf] k|of]un] 5nkmnnfO{ slt ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sb5 egL
n]vfhf]vf ug]{ .
#= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] Ps jf a9L h'emf?
cu'jf (champion) sf] klxrfg ug]{ .@@@!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, dlxnf / o'jf ;d"x, jftfj/0fLo pRr hf]lvddf
/x]sf If]qdf jsfnt ug]{ ;fd'bflos ;d"xx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;/sf/L / ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+u7gx? Pjd\ ;d'bfosf g]tfx?sf] ;xof]u .
– gful/snfO{ pTk|]/0ff / ?lr hufpg ;Sg], ;d'bfo / ;/sf/aLr k'nsf]
sfd ug{;Sg] cu'jf AolQm jf AolQmx? (champion or champions) .– a[xt ;xeflutfsf] nflu ;fjwfgLk"0f{ 9+un] agfOPsf] of]hgf . -5nkmnsf]
nflu pko'Qm ;do, 7fp“, cj:yfsf] 5gf}6 cflb_ .
– 5nkmnsf qmddf k|bfg ug'{kg]{ cfjZos hfgsf/Lx? . -h:t} ljkb\ hf]lvdsf]
cj:yf d"Nof+sg, ;+s6f;Ggtf, k|sf]k 36gfx?sf] cWoog lgrf]8, ;/sf/sf
of]hgf, /0fgLlt, P]g, sfg"gx? cflb ._
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
df]/Ssf]df klxnf]k6s ;g\ @))$ df ljkb\sf] hf]lvdsf] af/]df /fli6«o
sfo{zfnfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{zfnfn] df]/Ssf]sf] ljkb\sf]
hf]lvd / o;nfO{ Go"g ug{ rflnPsf sbdx?sf] ;dLIff ug'{sf] ;fy} ;+:yfut,
sfg"gL / ;+u7gfTds k|0ffnLdf b]lvPsf sdhf]/Lx?sf] klxrfg u/]sf] lyof] .
of] sfo{zfnfkl5 df]/Ssf]df ljkb\sf] af/]df ax; ug]{ ljljw d+rx? u7g
ul/of] / /fli6«o ;dGjo ;ldlt klg agfOof] . ljkb\sf af/]df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?l;t
5nkmn ug]{ nx/ g} rfNof] . ljkb\sf] ljlzi6 ;jfnx?nfO{ lnP/ k|z:t k|ltj]bgx?
tof/ ul/P . oL k|To]s sfo{zfnf / 5nkmnsf k|ltj]bgnfO{ k|sflzt ug]{ /
;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ljt/0f ug]{ ul/of] . /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx?n] ljsf;
of]hgf / ah]6 af“8kmf“8df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbg ;DalGwt
dGqfno / ;/sf/L lgsfox?nfO{ cfx\jfg u/] . cGttM ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf]
/fli6«o k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/of], /fli6«o /0fgLlt agfOof] / cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{sf]
nflu /fli6«o of]hgf tof/ ul/of] .
!=@ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf k|0ffnLut ;dGjosf] nflu ;+oGq
lgdf{0f ug]{ jf ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;dGjofTds / k|efjsf/L sfo{sf] nflu
‘/fli6«o d~r’sf] u7g jf ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg ub{5 . /fli6«o d~rn]
lgDg sfo{x? ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 M
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu /fli6«o of]hgfsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ j[l4 ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f k|To]s gful/ssf] bfloTj xf] eGg] a'emfP/ ;'/Iff
/ pTyfgzLntfsf] ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljsf; gLlt, /0fgLlt, lqmofsnfk / ax'kIfLo
jftfj/0fLo ;Demf}tfx?df ;dflxt ug{ jsfnt ug]{ .
� dxTj M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f hl6n sfo{ ePsfn] o;sf nflu /fhg}lts
k|lta4tf, cfdr]tgf, j}1flgs 1fg, pQ/bfoL ljsf; of]hgfsf ;fy} gful/s–
s]Gb|Lt k"j{;"rgf k|0ffnL / ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ ;+oGqsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . /fli6«o
d+rn] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df NofO{ ltgLx?sf] 1fg, Ifdtf /
;|f]tx?nfO{ ;+of]hg ub{5 . /fli6«o d+rn] ;fwf/0ftof lgDg sfo{x?df ;3fpg
k'¥ofp“b5 M
– /fli6«o ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;'wf/
Nofp“b5 / lbzflgb]{z ub{5 .
– gful/s ;dfh, ljz]iftM u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf
;jfndf /fli6«o / ;d'bfo:t/df ax; / ;fem]bf/Lsf] nflu cj;/ k|bfg ub{5 .
– /fli6«o d+rsf ;b:ox?aLr k|ljlw, 1fg / ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfgdf ;3fp
k'¥ofp“b5 .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf If]qdf sfd ug]{ AolQmx?sf] cGo ;fGble{s
/fli6«o, If]qLo / ljZjAofkL lgsfox?;“u ;DaGw lj:tf/ u/fp“b5 .
@$@#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, dlxnf / o'jf ;d"x, jftfj/0fLo pRr hf]lvddf
/x]sf If]qdf jsfnt ug]{ ;fd'bflos ;d"xx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;/sf/L / ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+u7gx? Pjd\ ;d'bfosf g]tfx?sf] ;xof]u .
– gful/snfO{ pTk|]/0ff / ?lr hufpg ;Sg], ;d'bfo / ;/sf/aLr k'nsf]
sfd ug{;Sg] cu'jf AolQm jf AolQmx? (champion or champions) .– a[xt ;xeflutfsf] nflu ;fjwfgLk"0f{ 9+un] agfOPsf] of]hgf . -5nkmnsf]
nflu pko'Qm ;do, 7fp“, cj:yfsf] 5gf}6 cflb_ .
– 5nkmnsf qmddf k|bfg ug'{kg]{ cfjZos hfgsf/Lx? . -h:t} ljkb\ hf]lvdsf]
cj:yf d"Nof+sg, ;+s6f;Ggtf, k|sf]k 36gfx?sf] cWoog lgrf]8, ;/sf/sf
of]hgf, /0fgLlt, P]g, sfg"gx? cflb ._
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
df]/Ssf]df klxnf]k6s ;g\ @))$ df ljkb\sf] hf]lvdsf] af/]df /fli6«o
sfo{zfnfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{zfnfn] df]/Ssf]sf] ljkb\sf]
hf]lvd / o;nfO{ Go"g ug{ rflnPsf sbdx?sf] ;dLIff ug'{sf] ;fy} ;+:yfut,
sfg"gL / ;+u7gfTds k|0ffnLdf b]lvPsf sdhf]/Lx?sf] klxrfg u/]sf] lyof] .
of] sfo{zfnfkl5 df]/Ssf]df ljkb\sf] af/]df ax; ug]{ ljljw d+rx? u7g
ul/of] / /fli6«o ;dGjo ;ldlt klg agfOof] . ljkb\sf af/]df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?l;t
5nkmn ug]{ nx/ g} rfNof] . ljkb\sf] ljlzi6 ;jfnx?nfO{ lnP/ k|z:t k|ltj]bgx?
tof/ ul/P . oL k|To]s sfo{zfnf / 5nkmnsf k|ltj]bgnfO{ k|sflzt ug]{ /
;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ljt/0f ug]{ ul/of] . /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx?n] ljsf;
of]hgf / ah]6 af“8kmf“8df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbg ;DalGwt
dGqfno / ;/sf/L lgsfox?nfO{ cfx\jfg u/] . cGttM ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf]
/fli6«o k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/of], /fli6«o /0fgLlt agfOof] / cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{sf]
nflu /fli6«o of]hgf tof/ ul/of] .
!=@ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf k|0ffnLut ;dGjosf] nflu ;+oGq
lgdf{0f ug]{ jf ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;dGjofTds / k|efjsf/L sfo{sf] nflu
‘/fli6«o d~r’sf] u7g jf ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg ub{5 . /fli6«o d~rn]
lgDg sfo{x? ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 M
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu /fli6«o of]hgfsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ j[l4 ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f k|To]s gful/ssf] bfloTj xf] eGg] a'emfP/ ;'/Iff
/ pTyfgzLntfsf] ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljsf; gLlt, /0fgLlt, lqmofsnfk / ax'kIfLo
jftfj/0fLo ;Demf}tfx?df ;dflxt ug{ jsfnt ug]{ .
� dxTj M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f hl6n sfo{ ePsfn] o;sf nflu /fhg}lts
k|lta4tf, cfdr]tgf, j}1flgs 1fg, pQ/bfoL ljsf; of]hgfsf ;fy} gful/s–
s]Gb|Lt k"j{;"rgf k|0ffnL / ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ ;+oGqsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . /fli6«o
d+rn] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df NofO{ ltgLx?sf] 1fg, Ifdtf /
;|f]tx?nfO{ ;+of]hg ub{5 . /fli6«o d+rn] ;fwf/0ftof lgDg sfo{x?df ;3fpg
k'¥ofp“b5 M
– /fli6«o ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;'wf/
Nofp“b5 / lbzflgb]{z ub{5 .
– gful/s ;dfh, ljz]iftM u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf
;jfndf /fli6«o / ;d'bfo:t/df ax; / ;fem]bf/Lsf] nflu cj;/ k|bfg ub{5 .
– /fli6«o d+rsf ;b:ox?aLr k|ljlw, 1fg / ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfgdf ;3fp
k'¥ofp“b5 .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf If]qdf sfd ug]{ AolQmx?sf] cGo ;fGble{s
/fli6«o, If]qLo / ljZjAofkL lgsfox?;“u ;DaGw lj:tf/ u/fp“b5 .
@$@#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� sfo{ ljlw M
/fli6«o d+rnfO{ ;dGjo ug]{ ;+:yf :yfoL k|s[ltsf] x'g'kb{5 . ;f] ;+:yf;“u
k|efjzfnL g]t[Tj lbg;Sg], /fhg}lts k|lta4tfsf] nflu kxn ug{;Sg] / ;|f]t
kl/rfng u/fpg;Sg] Ifdtf x'g'kb{5 .
/fli6«o d~rn] o;/L sfo{ ug'{kb{5 M
– k|sf]k ljj/0f, /fli6«o gLltx?, /0fgLltx?, Ifdtf cflb ;d]l6Psf] ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cfwf//]vf tof/ kfg]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf k|fyldstfsf If]qx?sf] lgSof}{n u/L To;df
/x]sf b'/L, rf;f], k|j[lQ / r'gf}tLx?sf ;fy} clt;+s6f;Gg hg;+Vofsf]
klxrfg ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ePsf k|ultx? Pjd\ ljsf; of]hgf / cEof;x?df
o;sf] ;dfof]hgsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjog ;dGjo ubf{ glthfd'vL sfo{of]hgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
– t'ngfTds?kdf pRrhf]lvddf /x]sf gful/ssf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf
nflu /fli6«o d+rsf ;b:ox?aLr ;+o'Qm sfo{sf] nflu ;dGjo ug]{ .
– ;femf pknAwL, pTs[i6 k|of;x? / k|fKt 1fgsf] ljj/0f cBfjlws /fVg] .
;b:ox?aLr hfgsf/L, 1fg / k|ljlwsf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
– ;d'bfo / /fli6«o:t/df x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg /
n]vfhf]vf u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ .
– pRrtxsf gLlt lgdf{tfx?nfO{ k|efljt ug{ ;DalGwt gLlt, lgodsf] af/]df
jsfnt ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g, h}ljs ljljwtf,
d?e"lds/0fh:tf ax'cfoflds jftfj/0fLo ;Demf}tf Pjd\ dfgjLo ;xfotf,
ljsf; sfo{qmd / cjwf/0ff;“u ;dfof]hg ug{ sfo{ yfNg] .
– c? /fli6«o d+rx?;“u ;dGjo ug]{ . ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf sfo{ ug]{
c? If]qLo ;+u7gx?;“u ;dGjo ug]{ / ;|f]t ;+of]hgsf] cj;/ vf]Hg] .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;“u ;DalGwt ;jfnx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ cGo
;dGjosf/L ;+oGqx?;“u ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
– cg';Gwfgsf ;jfnx?sf] ljsf; ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ . cjwf/0ffut
sfo{;+/rgf (Conceptual Framework) / ljlwut ;+/rgf (Methodological
Structure) df /xL cg';Gwfg ug{ lbzflgb]{z / k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
– ljsf; sfo{stf{ tyf of]hgfsf/x?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lbuf]
ljsf;;DaGwL cjwf/0ff h:t} ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo, ul/aL lgjf/0f
/0fgLltkq cflb;“u hf]8\g pTk|]l/t ug]{ .
– ax';/f]sf/jfnf cjwf/0ff / ax;nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ . gful/s ;dfh
;+u7gx? ljz]iftM u};;x?nfO{ ljleGg:t/sf ax; / sfo{ ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo k|0ffnL / /fli6«o clwsf/jfnfx?aLr
5nkmn / ;fem]bf/Lsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx?M
– ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx? M /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo:t/sf . o;df ljz]iftM
cy{, of]hgf, jftfj/0f, u[x, gful/s ;'/Iff, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;dfhsNof0f,
cfjf; tyf ef}lts, s[lif cflb x]g]{ dGqfno cGtu{tsf kb{5g\ .
– gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf e"ldsf /xg]
;+u7gx? . ;fGble{s ;d"xx? h:t} ljsf; / jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff;DaGwL,
dfgj a;f]af;;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ;+u7gx? . pBdL / Aofkf/Lsf 5ftf
;+u7gx?, a}+s tyf aLdf, dlxnf ;+3, wfld{s / o'jf kl/rfng ;+:yfx?,
;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tflnd lbg] ;+:yfx? cflb .
– ;+rf/hut .
– j}1flgs / z}lIfs ;+:yfx? .
– k"j{tof/L, k"j{;"rgf, k|sf]k cWoog / cg'udg, hf]lvd klxrfg h:tf
;]jfx?sf] ljifodf sfd ug]{ k|fljlws tyf j}1flgs ;+:yfx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– pRrtxsf g]tfx?af6 /fhg}lts k|lta4tf . :ki6 sfo{qmd .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf cfwfl/t 1fg clej[l4 ug]{ k|fljlws lqmofsnfkx? .
– ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf ;"rsx? ;d]t ;+nUg u/fOPsf] /fli6«o d+rsf] sfo{ljlw
;+/rgfsf] ljsf; .
– /fli6«o d+rsf] ljsf; ug{ / o;sf] of]hgfnfO{ d"t{?k lbg cfjZos ;|f]tx? .@^@%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� sfo{ ljlw M
/fli6«o d+rnfO{ ;dGjo ug]{ ;+:yf :yfoL k|s[ltsf] x'g'kb{5 . ;f] ;+:yf;“u
k|efjzfnL g]t[Tj lbg;Sg], /fhg}lts k|lta4tfsf] nflu kxn ug{;Sg] / ;|f]t
kl/rfng u/fpg;Sg] Ifdtf x'g'kb{5 .
/fli6«o d~rn] o;/L sfo{ ug'{kb{5 M
– k|sf]k ljj/0f, /fli6«o gLltx?, /0fgLltx?, Ifdtf cflb ;d]l6Psf] ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cfwf//]vf tof/ kfg]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf k|fyldstfsf If]qx?sf] lgSof}{n u/L To;df
/x]sf b'/L, rf;f], k|j[lQ / r'gf}tLx?sf ;fy} clt;+s6f;Gg hg;+Vofsf]
klxrfg ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ePsf k|ultx? Pjd\ ljsf; of]hgf / cEof;x?df
o;sf] ;dfof]hgsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjog ;dGjo ubf{ glthfd'vL sfo{of]hgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
– t'ngfTds?kdf pRrhf]lvddf /x]sf gful/ssf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf
nflu /fli6«o d+rsf ;b:ox?aLr ;+o'Qm sfo{sf] nflu ;dGjo ug]{ .
– ;femf pknAwL, pTs[i6 k|of;x? / k|fKt 1fgsf] ljj/0f cBfjlws /fVg] .
;b:ox?aLr hfgsf/L, 1fg / k|ljlwsf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
– ;d'bfo / /fli6«o:t/df x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg /
n]vfhf]vf u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ .
– pRrtxsf gLlt lgdf{tfx?nfO{ k|efljt ug{ ;DalGwt gLlt, lgodsf] af/]df
jsfnt ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g, h}ljs ljljwtf,
d?e"lds/0fh:tf ax'cfoflds jftfj/0fLo ;Demf}tf Pjd\ dfgjLo ;xfotf,
ljsf; sfo{qmd / cjwf/0ff;“u ;dfof]hg ug{ sfo{ yfNg] .
– c? /fli6«o d+rx?;“u ;dGjo ug]{ . ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf sfo{ ug]{
c? If]qLo ;+u7gx?;“u ;dGjo ug]{ / ;|f]t ;+of]hgsf] cj;/ vf]Hg] .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;“u ;DalGwt ;jfnx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ cGo
;dGjosf/L ;+oGqx?;“u ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
– cg';Gwfgsf ;jfnx?sf] ljsf; ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ . cjwf/0ffut
sfo{;+/rgf (Conceptual Framework) / ljlwut ;+/rgf (Methodological
Structure) df /xL cg';Gwfg ug{ lbzflgb]{z / k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
– ljsf; sfo{stf{ tyf of]hgfsf/x?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lbuf]
ljsf;;DaGwL cjwf/0ff h:t} ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo, ul/aL lgjf/0f
/0fgLltkq cflb;“u hf]8\g pTk|]l/t ug]{ .
– ax';/f]sf/jfnf cjwf/0ff / ax;nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ . gful/s ;dfh
;+u7gx? ljz]iftM u};;x?nfO{ ljleGg:t/sf ax; / sfo{ ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo k|0ffnL / /fli6«o clwsf/jfnfx?aLr
5nkmn / ;fem]bf/Lsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx?M
– ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx? M /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo:t/sf . o;df ljz]iftM
cy{, of]hgf, jftfj/0f, u[x, gful/s ;'/Iff, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;dfhsNof0f,
cfjf; tyf ef}lts, s[lif cflb x]g]{ dGqfno cGtu{tsf kb{5g\ .
– gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf e"ldsf /xg]
;+u7gx? . ;fGble{s ;d"xx? h:t} ljsf; / jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff;DaGwL,
dfgj a;f]af;;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ;+u7gx? . pBdL / Aofkf/Lsf 5ftf
;+u7gx?, a}+s tyf aLdf, dlxnf ;+3, wfld{s / o'jf kl/rfng ;+:yfx?,
;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tflnd lbg] ;+:yfx? cflb .
– ;+rf/hut .
– j}1flgs / z}lIfs ;+:yfx? .
– k"j{tof/L, k"j{;"rgf, k|sf]k cWoog / cg'udg, hf]lvd klxrfg h:tf
;]jfx?sf] ljifodf sfd ug]{ k|fljlws tyf j}1flgs ;+:yfx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– pRrtxsf g]tfx?af6 /fhg}lts k|lta4tf . :ki6 sfo{qmd .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf cfwfl/t 1fg clej[l4 ug]{ k|fljlws lqmofsnfkx? .
– ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf ;"rsx? ;d]t ;+nUg u/fOPsf] /fli6«o d+rsf] sfo{ljlw
;+/rgfsf] ljsf; .
– /fli6«o d+rsf] ljsf; ug{ / o;sf] of]hgfnfO{ d"t{?k lbg cfjZos ;|f]tx? .@^@%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
pRr e"sDkLo hf]lvdsf] If]q, hnjfo' kl/jt{g / jftfj/0fLo Iflt;“u}
a9\bf] hg3gTjn] ubf{ blIf0f Pl;ofsf /fi6«x? k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] b[li6n] hf]lvdk"0f{
cj:yfdf 5g\ . blIf0f Pl;ofsf s]xL /fi6«x?n] ul//x]sf k|of;x? k|z+;gLo
ePklg ;du| ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu w]/} 7"nf k|of; ug{ cem} af“sL
5 .
;g\ @))^ cui6df ef/t, kfls:tfg, ckmuflg:tfg, a+unfb]z, g]kfn,
e'6fg, dflNbE; / >Ln+sfn] If]qLo?kdf dxTjk"0f{ km8\sf] df/]sf 5g\ . ef/tn]
/fli6«o ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;+:yf / ‘b'of]{u lgjf/0f’ eGg] u};;;“u ldn]/ blIf0f
Pl;ofnL gLltsf af/]df ax;sf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . o"g8LkL / k|flS6sn PS;gsf]
;xof]udf gof“lbNnLdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;ftj6f blIf0f Pl;ofnL /fi6«sf
;DalGwt pRr:t/sf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, j}1flgs, ;+rf/sdL{ / ;d'bfosf
g]tfx? u/L !%) eGbf a9Lsf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] lyof] . ;xefuLx?n] ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf If]qLo ;dGjosf] nflu lgisif{ lgsfn]/ lbNnL 3f]if0ffkq
hf/L u/] .
!=# ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;+:yfut cfwf/ d"Nof+sg
/ ljsf; ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
o; lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o gLlt, j}wflgs
/ ;+:yfut sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] d"Nof+sg / ljsf; ug]{ k|of; ub{5 . cGttf]uTjf
o;af6 ljkb\af6 ;'/lIft / lbuf] ;d'bfo lgdf{0f ug{ cf}krfl/s cfwf/ tof/
x'G5 . vf;ul/ o;n] gLltut l/Qmtfx? / Ifdtf klxNofpg d2t ug'{sf] ;fy}
k|ult cg'udg / dfkg ug{sf nflu cfwf//]vfsf] ljsf;df ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 .
� dxTj M
s'g} klg /fi6«sf] Aoj:yflksf / ;/sf/L k|0ffnLn] g} ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf ;a} If]qdf of]hgf / ;+u7gsf] nflu cfwf/ k|bfg ub{5 . To;}n]
t c;n zf;g / kof{Kt ;+:yfut cfwf/x? ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu
dxTjk"0f{ cfjZostf xf] . ljBdfg sfg"gL / k|zf;lgs cj:yfsf] d"Nof+sgn] g}
xfnsf] Ifdtf, alnof] / sdhf]/Lx? kQf nufO{ gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut
sfo{ ;+/rgfx?df ul/g'kg]{ ;'wf/x?sf] cfwf/ k|bfg ub{5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf] ;'b[9 gLltn] ;'zf;g sfod u/fpg ;d]t ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 . h:t} M
ejg lgdf{0f ;+lxtf jf e"–pkof]u of]hgf nfu" ul/Pdf ljkb\ hf]lvd / k|zf;sLo
Aoj:yfkgsf] k|ult a'em\g ;+:yfut d"Nof+sg klg ul/g'kb{5 h;n] ubf{ ;'zf;g
sfod u/fpg ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= efjL of]hgf / ;+:yfut 5nkmnsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr e]nfsf]
cfof]hgf ug]{ .
@= lnlvt ;fdu|Lx? ;+sng ug]{ . ljkb\sf k"j{cg'ejx?, k"j{36gfx? / l;sfOx?sf]
cWoog ug]{ . ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf clwsf/Lx?;“u o;af/]
yk a'em\g] .
#= ljBdfg k|0ffnLdf /x]sf ;an / lga{n kIfx?nfO{ s]nfP/ ;'wf/sf]
cj;/ klxrfg ug]{ . ljz]iftM ;+:yfut Aoj:yfkg / ;|f]tsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{
Pjd\ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ s;/L /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgfsf] k|lqmofleq
kfg]{ eg]/ af6f] kQf nufpg] .
$= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ s;/L ljsf; of]hgfx?;“u hf]8\g ;lsG5
eGg]af/] /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{
;'emfj lbg] . ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf;“u ldn]/ sfd ug]{ .
%= ;'emfj / d"Nof+sgsf] kl/0ffdsf] af/]df cGtlqm{of ug{ 5nkmnsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ .
^= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] gLltsf] af/]df Aojl:yt9+un] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{
/ k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? klxrfg ug]{ . gLlt, /0fgLlt tyf cg'udg
of]hgfx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ tf]lsPsf sfo{qmdsf] ljlzi6 p2]Zox? ljsf;
ug]{ . cfwf//]vfsf] dfWodaf6 k|ult d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
&= gLlt / cEof;x?sf] ;'wf/sf] nflu lbOPsf] ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug{ of]hgfsf]
lgdf{0f ug]{ . o;df k|:tfljt ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmdsf] AofVof
ug]{ .
@*@&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
pRr e"sDkLo hf]lvdsf] If]q, hnjfo' kl/jt{g / jftfj/0fLo Iflt;“u}
a9\bf] hg3gTjn] ubf{ blIf0f Pl;ofsf /fi6«x? k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] b[li6n] hf]lvdk"0f{
cj:yfdf 5g\ . blIf0f Pl;ofsf s]xL /fi6«x?n] ul//x]sf k|of;x? k|z+;gLo
ePklg ;du| ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu w]/} 7"nf k|of; ug{ cem} af“sL
5 .
;g\ @))^ cui6df ef/t, kfls:tfg, ckmuflg:tfg, a+unfb]z, g]kfn,
e'6fg, dflNbE; / >Ln+sfn] If]qLo?kdf dxTjk"0f{ km8\sf] df/]sf 5g\ . ef/tn]
/fli6«o ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;+:yf / ‘b'of]{u lgjf/0f’ eGg] u};;;“u ldn]/ blIf0f
Pl;ofnL gLltsf af/]df ax;sf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . o"g8LkL / k|flS6sn PS;gsf]
;xof]udf gof“lbNnLdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;ftj6f blIf0f Pl;ofnL /fi6«sf
;DalGwt pRr:t/sf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, j}1flgs, ;+rf/sdL{ / ;d'bfosf
g]tfx? u/L !%) eGbf a9Lsf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] lyof] . ;xefuLx?n] ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf If]qLo ;dGjosf] nflu lgisif{ lgsfn]/ lbNnL 3f]if0ffkq
hf/L u/] .
!=# ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;+:yfut cfwf/ d"Nof+sg
/ ljsf; ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
o; lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o gLlt, j}wflgs
/ ;+:yfut sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] d"Nof+sg / ljsf; ug]{ k|of; ub{5 . cGttf]uTjf
o;af6 ljkb\af6 ;'/lIft / lbuf] ;d'bfo lgdf{0f ug{ cf}krfl/s cfwf/ tof/
x'G5 . vf;ul/ o;n] gLltut l/Qmtfx? / Ifdtf klxNofpg d2t ug'{sf] ;fy}
k|ult cg'udg / dfkg ug{sf nflu cfwf//]vfsf] ljsf;df ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 .
� dxTj M
s'g} klg /fi6«sf] Aoj:yflksf / ;/sf/L k|0ffnLn] g} ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf ;a} If]qdf of]hgf / ;+u7gsf] nflu cfwf/ k|bfg ub{5 . To;}n]
t c;n zf;g / kof{Kt ;+:yfut cfwf/x? ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu
dxTjk"0f{ cfjZostf xf] . ljBdfg sfg"gL / k|zf;lgs cj:yfsf] d"Nof+sgn] g}
xfnsf] Ifdtf, alnof] / sdhf]/Lx? kQf nufO{ gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut
sfo{ ;+/rgfx?df ul/g'kg]{ ;'wf/x?sf] cfwf/ k|bfg ub{5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf] ;'b[9 gLltn] ;'zf;g sfod u/fpg ;d]t ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 . h:t} M
ejg lgdf{0f ;+lxtf jf e"–pkof]u of]hgf nfu" ul/Pdf ljkb\ hf]lvd / k|zf;sLo
Aoj:yfkgsf] k|ult a'em\g ;+:yfut d"Nof+sg klg ul/g'kb{5 h;n] ubf{ ;'zf;g
sfod u/fpg ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= efjL of]hgf / ;+:yfut 5nkmnsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr e]nfsf]
cfof]hgf ug]{ .
@= lnlvt ;fdu|Lx? ;+sng ug]{ . ljkb\sf k"j{cg'ejx?, k"j{36gfx? / l;sfOx?sf]
cWoog ug]{ . ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf clwsf/Lx?;“u o;af/]
yk a'em\g] .
#= ljBdfg k|0ffnLdf /x]sf ;an / lga{n kIfx?nfO{ s]nfP/ ;'wf/sf]
cj;/ klxrfg ug]{ . ljz]iftM ;+:yfut Aoj:yfkg / ;|f]tsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{
Pjd\ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ s;/L /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgfsf] k|lqmofleq
kfg]{ eg]/ af6f] kQf nufpg] .
$= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ s;/L ljsf; of]hgfx?;“u hf]8\g ;lsG5
eGg]af/] /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{
;'emfj lbg] . ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf;“u ldn]/ sfd ug]{ .
%= ;'emfj / d"Nof+sgsf] kl/0ffdsf] af/]df cGtlqm{of ug{ 5nkmnsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ .
^= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] gLltsf] af/]df Aojl:yt9+un] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{
/ k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? klxrfg ug]{ . gLlt, /0fgLlt tyf cg'udg
of]hgfx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ tf]lsPsf sfo{qmdsf] ljlzi6 p2]Zox? ljsf;
ug]{ . cfwf//]vfsf] dfWodaf6 k|ult d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
&= gLlt / cEof;x?sf] ;'wf/sf] nflu lbOPsf] ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug{ of]hgfsf]
lgdf{0f ug]{ . o;df k|:tfljt ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmdsf] AofVof
ug]{ .
@*@&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
*= /fli6«o sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] cjwf/0ff, gLlt, /0fgLlt / sfof{Gjog of]hgfsf]
nflu ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;“u ldn]/ ;+o'Qm vfsf tof/ ug]{ / ;DalGwt
7fp“x?df ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;“w} ;+nUg u/fpg ;Dej x'“b}g / pkof]uL gx'g klg ;S5 .
d"Nof+sg / gLltut ljsf;sf] nflu lgDg kIfx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg' pko'Qm
x'G5 .
– /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo:t/sf ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx? . cy{, of]hgf,
jftfj/0f, u[x, gful/s ;'/Iff, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;dfh sNof0f, cfjf;,
s[lif If]q x]g]{ dGqfnosf k|ltlglwx? . ax'kIfLo ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf nflu
pQ/bfoL lgsfox? .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf e"ldsf;lxtsf ;+:yfx? M h:t} ljsf; /
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;d"x, pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, a}+s tyf aLdf, ;/sf/L
sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnd lbg] ;+:yf, ;d'bfo / dlxnf ;d"x cflb .
– ;fdflhs / k|fs[lts lj1fgsf 1ftf, e"uf]n tyf ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
;+sfo ePsf ljZjljBfnox?, hgk|zf;g, OlGhlgo/ tyf cfly{s ljsf;
tflnd s]Gb|x? .
– /fli6«o sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] d"Nof+sg / ljsf;df ;3fp k'¥ofpg;Sg] sfg"gL
/ ;fj{hlgs gLltsf lj1x? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– /fhg}lts / gful/s ;xof]u .
– d"Nof+sg sfo{sf] nflu ;+u7gfTds / ;+u7g k|d'vsf] ;xof]u . cGt/ljwfut
/ cGt/;+:yfut ;d"xk|lt k|lta4tf .
– sfo{ ;+/rgf ljsf; / d"Nof+sgsf] nflu cffly{s / dfgjLo ;|f]t .
– ;fGble{s lnlvt ;fdu|Lx?;Ddsf] kx""“r . -h:t} sfg"g, sfg"gL cfb]z,
gLlt, of]hgf, ljkb\sf k"j{36gfx?sf] cg'ej cWoog cflb ._
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g\ @))$ sf] ;'gfdLkl5 ef/t ;/sf/n] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu a[xt
kxnsbdL ub}{ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g @))% tof/ u¥of] . h;cg';f/ /fli6«o,
If]qLo / lhNnf:t/df ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg k|flws/0f u7g ul/Psf] 5 . oL
lgsfox?sf] :ki6 sfo{ / lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf 5g\ . o:t} tflnd / Ifdtf
clej[l4sf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg /fli6«o ;+:yfsf] u7g
ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L ljkb\sf 36gfnfO{ tTsfn} ;Daf]wg ug{ /fli6«o ljkb\
k|ltsfo{ an klg u7g ePsf] 5 . o;sf] cnfjf ;/sf/sf] tLg} txdf ljkb\
k|ltsfo{ sf]if ljkb\ cNkLs/0f sf]if v8f ul/Psf] 5 .
!=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg], cfjZos;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/L / pQ/bfloTj k"/f x'G5g\ egL
;'lglZrttf u/L gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut sfo{ ;+/rgf v8f ug]{ jf k|efjsf/L
agfpg], ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;/sf/L Pjd\ u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] P]gsfg"g,
of]hgf / sfo{qmddf ;dflxt ug]{ / o;sf] nflu kof{Kt ;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg ug]{
p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M;'b[9 jf gjul7t /fli6«o sfo{ ;+/rgfn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
b}lgs sfo{ tyf ljleGg ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yf -h:t}M cfly{s ljsf;, ul/aL
lgjf/0f, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg, lzIff cflb If]qdf sfd
ug]{_sf] gLlt tyf lqmofsnfkx?df hf]8\b5 . oL ;+:yfx? cfcfkm\gf] If]qsf] of]hgf
agfpg / lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog ug{ hlt ;Ifd x'G5g\ plt g} ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fn] k|fyldstf kfp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= ljkb\ hf]lvd cNkLs/0f sfo{sf] nflu ;|f]t ;'lglZrttf ug{ pRrhf]lvd
If]qsf] :yfgLo / /fli6«o cfly{s of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd k|efj d"Nof+sg
ug]{ k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ .
#)@(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
*= /fli6«o sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] cjwf/0ff, gLlt, /0fgLlt / sfof{Gjog of]hgfsf]
nflu ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;“u ldn]/ ;+o'Qm vfsf tof/ ug]{ / ;DalGwt
7fp“x?df ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;“w} ;+nUg u/fpg ;Dej x'“b}g / pkof]uL gx'g klg ;S5 .
d"Nof+sg / gLltut ljsf;sf] nflu lgDg kIfx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg' pko'Qm
x'G5 .
– /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo:t/sf ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx? . cy{, of]hgf,
jftfj/0f, u[x, gful/s ;'/Iff, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;dfh sNof0f, cfjf;,
s[lif If]q x]g]{ dGqfnosf k|ltlglwx? . ax'kIfLo ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf nflu
pQ/bfoL lgsfox? .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf e"ldsf;lxtsf ;+:yfx? M h:t} ljsf; /
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;d"x, pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, a}+s tyf aLdf, ;/sf/L
sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnd lbg] ;+:yf, ;d'bfo / dlxnf ;d"x cflb .
– ;fdflhs / k|fs[lts lj1fgsf 1ftf, e"uf]n tyf ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
;+sfo ePsf ljZjljBfnox?, hgk|zf;g, OlGhlgo/ tyf cfly{s ljsf;
tflnd s]Gb|x? .
– /fli6«o sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] d"Nof+sg / ljsf;df ;3fp k'¥ofpg;Sg] sfg"gL
/ ;fj{hlgs gLltsf lj1x? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– /fhg}lts / gful/s ;xof]u .
– d"Nof+sg sfo{sf] nflu ;+u7gfTds / ;+u7g k|d'vsf] ;xof]u . cGt/ljwfut
/ cGt/;+:yfut ;d"xk|lt k|lta4tf .
– sfo{ ;+/rgf ljsf; / d"Nof+sgsf] nflu cffly{s / dfgjLo ;|f]t .
– ;fGble{s lnlvt ;fdu|Lx?;Ddsf] kx""“r . -h:t} sfg"g, sfg"gL cfb]z,
gLlt, of]hgf, ljkb\sf k"j{36gfx?sf] cg'ej cWoog cflb ._
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g\ @))$ sf] ;'gfdLkl5 ef/t ;/sf/n] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu a[xt
kxnsbdL ub}{ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g @))% tof/ u¥of] . h;cg';f/ /fli6«o,
If]qLo / lhNnf:t/df ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg k|flws/0f u7g ul/Psf] 5 . oL
lgsfox?sf] :ki6 sfo{ / lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf 5g\ . o:t} tflnd / Ifdtf
clej[l4sf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg /fli6«o ;+:yfsf] u7g
ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L ljkb\sf 36gfnfO{ tTsfn} ;Daf]wg ug{ /fli6«o ljkb\
k|ltsfo{ an klg u7g ePsf] 5 . o;sf] cnfjf ;/sf/sf] tLg} txdf ljkb\
k|ltsfo{ sf]if ljkb\ cNkLs/0f sf]if v8f ul/Psf] 5 .
!=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg], cfjZos;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/L / pQ/bfloTj k"/f x'G5g\ egL
;'lglZrttf u/L gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut sfo{ ;+/rgf v8f ug]{ jf k|efjsf/L
agfpg], ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;/sf/L Pjd\ u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] P]gsfg"g,
of]hgf / sfo{qmddf ;dflxt ug]{ / o;sf] nflu kof{Kt ;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg ug]{
p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M;'b[9 jf gjul7t /fli6«o sfo{ ;+/rgfn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
b}lgs sfo{ tyf ljleGg ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yf -h:t}M cfly{s ljsf;, ul/aL
lgjf/0f, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg, lzIff cflb If]qdf sfd
ug]{_sf] gLlt tyf lqmofsnfkx?df hf]8\b5 . oL ;+:yfx? cfcfkm\gf] If]qsf] of]hgf
agfpg / lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog ug{ hlt ;Ifd x'G5g\ plt g} ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fn] k|fyldstf kfp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= ljkb\ hf]lvd cNkLs/0f sfo{sf] nflu ;|f]t ;'lglZrttf ug{ pRrhf]lvd
If]qsf] :yfgLo / /fli6«o cfly{s of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd k|efj d"Nof+sg
ug]{ k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ .
#)@(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
@= ;+u7gx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkx? ug{ cf}krfl/s?kdf
lhDd]jf/L tf]lslbg] .
#= kmf]snKjfOG6 ;+u7g :yfkgf ug]{ jf ;'b[9 ug]{ . o;sf nflu Tof] ;+u7gsf]
clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L tf]lslbg], dfgjLo ;|f]t, tflnd tyf cGo cfjZos
s'/fdf ;xof]u ug]{ .
$= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfkx?sf] af/]df ;dGjo ug]{
cGt/;+u7gfTds ;ldltx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ jf ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ .
%= ;+u7gsf] bIftf / Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ;+u7gx?nfO{ tflndsf] cj;/ k|bfg
ug]{ h;n] ubf{ tf]lsPsf sfo{x? ;kmn x'g;s"g\ .
^= sfo{;+rfng / k"“hLut ah]6df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;|f]t
ljlgof]hg ug]{ .
&= :yfgLo zf;g k|0ffnLdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f :ki6?kdf kl/eflift
ul/Psf] 5 / o;sf] nflu ;|f]t ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
*= ljkb\sf IF]qdf sfd ug]{ cu'jf AolQmx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ / k'/:s[t ug]{ .
(= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjog p2]Zok/s 5, lgolGqt 5 / o;sf]
lnlvt 8s'd]06];g -k|n]v_ ul/Psf] 5 eGgsf nflu gLlt / sfg"gåf/f
lglb{i6 ;+oGqsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
!)= pRrhf]lvddf /x]sf] hg;+Vofsf] nflu aLdf of]hgfsf] ljsf; / k|of]u
k|j4{g ug]{ .
!!= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ljlgof]lht ah]6 dlxnf k'?if b'j}sf]
a/fa/L kx""“rdf 5 egL ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
!= :yfgLo / /fli6«o txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf gLlt jf sfo{qmdx?
tof/ ug]{ jf cjnDag ug]{ ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? / gful/s ;d"xx? .
@= ;/sf/L gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox? .
#= cGo ;+u7gx?nfO{ sfo{ ug{sf] nflu k|f]T;flxt ug]{ jf lgb]{lzt ug]{ ;+u7gx? .
$= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjog ug{;Sg] jf /fhg}lts ultzlQm k|bfg
ug{;Sg] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx? jf gful/s rf;f]df jsfnt ug]{
AolQm÷;+u7gx? .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljz]iftM af9Lsf] rk]6fdf /x]sf] leotgfdn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
;Daf]wg ug{ s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd km}lnPsf] ;DalGwt ;+u7gx?sf] ;~hfn
tof/ u/]sf] 5 . lgjf{rg k|lqmofaf6 tL ;+u7gx?sf] If]qLo, lhNnf / :yfgLo
;ldltx? u7g ul/G5 . ;fy} dlxnf ;~hfn klg tof/ ul/G5 . ;/sf/sf]
s]Gb|Lo txdf /x]sf] ;ldltn] oL ;a} ;ldltx?;“u ;dGjo ub{5 / sfo{qmdx?sf]
ljsf; ub{5 . o;/L leotgfdn] k|efjsf/L?kdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
k|fyldstfdf /fVg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L ef/t ;/sf/n] ljkb\ cNkLs/0f sfo{sf] nflu /fli6«o, k|fGtLo /
:yfgLo txdf 5'§f5'§} sf]if v8f u/]sf] 5 . of] Aoj:yfn] ;a} txsf] ;/sf/df
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu kof{Kt ;|f]t 5'§ofOPsf] 5 egL ;'lglZrttf
u/]sf] 5 .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf !
xfd|f] sfo{qmd÷kl/of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ s'g xb;Dd
k|fyldstfdf kfl/Psf] 5 <
sfo{of]hgf / ;+/rgf Ms] xfd|f] ;d'bfodf ljkb\sf a]nfdf s] ug]{ eg]/
lg0f{o lng;Sg] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf ;ldltx? 5g\ <
;xeflutfsf] clwsf/ M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf ;b:ox? cfkm\gf] clwsf/x? tyf
ljkb\ hf]lvdaf6 ;'/Iff k|bfg ug'{kg]{ ;/sf/sf] sfg"gL bfloTjaf/] ;r]t 5g\ <
ljlQo ;|f]t M ljkb\sf] k|efj sd ug{ of ljkb\af6 k'gnf{e k|fKt ug{ :yfgLo
;/sf/x?n] pknAw u/fpg] ljlQo tyf ef}lts ;|f]tx?;Dd s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf]
kx'“r 5 <
dfgjLo ;|f]t M s] ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd s;/L Go"gLs/0f
ug]{ tyf ljkb\sf a]nf s;/L k|ltsfo{ ug]{ eGg] af/] tflnd lbOPsf] 5 <
ljBfno / :jf:Yo ;'ljwf M s] ;d'bfosf] ljBfno / c:ktfnx?df ljkb\
/f]syfdsf of]hgf agfpg] / sfof{Gjog ug]{ Pjd\ k|ltsfo{sf nflu tof/
lqmofzLn ;ldltx? 5g\ <#@#!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
@= ;+u7gx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkx? ug{ cf}krfl/s?kdf
lhDd]jf/L tf]lslbg] .
#= kmf]snKjfOG6 ;+u7g :yfkgf ug]{ jf ;'b[9 ug]{ . o;sf nflu Tof] ;+u7gsf]
clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L tf]lslbg], dfgjLo ;|f]t, tflnd tyf cGo cfjZos
s'/fdf ;xof]u ug]{ .
$= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfkx?sf] af/]df ;dGjo ug]{
cGt/;+u7gfTds ;ldltx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ jf ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ .
%= ;+u7gsf] bIftf / Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ;+u7gx?nfO{ tflndsf] cj;/ k|bfg
ug]{ h;n] ubf{ tf]lsPsf sfo{x? ;kmn x'g;s"g\ .
^= sfo{;+rfng / k"“hLut ah]6df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;|f]t
ljlgof]hg ug]{ .
&= :yfgLo zf;g k|0ffnLdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f :ki6?kdf kl/eflift
ul/Psf] 5 / o;sf] nflu ;|f]t ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
*= ljkb\sf IF]qdf sfd ug]{ cu'jf AolQmx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ / k'/:s[t ug]{ .
(= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjog p2]Zok/s 5, lgolGqt 5 / o;sf]
lnlvt 8s'd]06];g -k|n]v_ ul/Psf] 5 eGgsf nflu gLlt / sfg"gåf/f
lglb{i6 ;+oGqsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
!)= pRrhf]lvddf /x]sf] hg;+Vofsf] nflu aLdf of]hgfsf] ljsf; / k|of]u
k|j4{g ug]{ .
!!= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ljlgof]lht ah]6 dlxnf k'?if b'j}sf]
a/fa/L kx""“rdf 5 egL ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
!= :yfgLo / /fli6«o txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf gLlt jf sfo{qmdx?
tof/ ug]{ jf cjnDag ug]{ ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? / gful/s ;d"xx? .
@= ;/sf/L gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox? .
#= cGo ;+u7gx?nfO{ sfo{ ug{sf] nflu k|f]T;flxt ug]{ jf lgb]{lzt ug]{ ;+u7gx? .
$= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjog ug{;Sg] jf /fhg}lts ultzlQm k|bfg
ug{;Sg] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx? jf gful/s rf;f]df jsfnt ug]{
AolQm÷;+u7gx? .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljz]iftM af9Lsf] rk]6fdf /x]sf] leotgfdn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
;Daf]wg ug{ s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd km}lnPsf] ;DalGwt ;+u7gx?sf] ;~hfn
tof/ u/]sf] 5 . lgjf{rg k|lqmofaf6 tL ;+u7gx?sf] If]qLo, lhNnf / :yfgLo
;ldltx? u7g ul/G5 . ;fy} dlxnf ;~hfn klg tof/ ul/G5 . ;/sf/sf]
s]Gb|Lo txdf /x]sf] ;ldltn] oL ;a} ;ldltx?;“u ;dGjo ub{5 / sfo{qmdx?sf]
ljsf; ub{5 . o;/L leotgfdn] k|efjsf/L?kdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
k|fyldstfdf /fVg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L ef/t ;/sf/n] ljkb\ cNkLs/0f sfo{sf] nflu /fli6«o, k|fGtLo /
:yfgLo txdf 5'§f5'§} sf]if v8f u/]sf] 5 . of] Aoj:yfn] ;a} txsf] ;/sf/df
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu kof{Kt ;|f]t 5'§ofOPsf] 5 egL ;'lglZrttf
u/]sf] 5 .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf !
xfd|f] sfo{qmd÷kl/of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ s'g xb;Dd
k|fyldstfdf kfl/Psf] 5 <
sfo{of]hgf / ;+/rgf Ms] xfd|f] ;d'bfodf ljkb\sf a]nfdf s] ug]{ eg]/
lg0f{o lng;Sg] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf ;ldltx? 5g\ <
;xeflutfsf] clwsf/ M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf ;b:ox? cfkm\gf] clwsf/x? tyf
ljkb\ hf]lvdaf6 ;'/Iff k|bfg ug'{kg]{ ;/sf/sf] sfg"gL bfloTjaf/] ;r]t 5g\ <
ljlQo ;|f]t M ljkb\sf] k|efj sd ug{ of ljkb\af6 k'gnf{e k|fKt ug{ :yfgLo
;/sf/x?n] pknAw u/fpg] ljlQo tyf ef}lts ;|f]tx?;Dd s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf]
kx'“r 5 <
dfgjLo ;|f]t M s] ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd s;/L Go"gLs/0f
ug]{ tyf ljkb\sf a]nf s;/L k|ltsfo{ ug]{ eGg] af/] tflnd lbOPsf] 5 <
ljBfno / :jf:Yo ;'ljwf M s] ;d'bfosf] ljBfno / c:ktfnx?df ljkb\
/f]syfdsf of]hgf agfpg] / sfof{Gjog ug]{ Pjd\ k|ltsfo{sf nflu tof/
lqmofzLn ;ldltx? 5g\ <#@#!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – ! cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– d'Vo k|sf]kx? / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf tYof+sx? cg'udg, ;+u|x / k|jfx ug]{
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; .
– ;a} lsl;dsf k|sf]kx?sf] nflu k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ;+rfng .
– ;d'bfo txdf k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] kx""r / ;]jf .
@=! /fli6«o?kdf hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] k|of; yfngL ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] /fi6«sf] ljkb\ hf]lvdaf/] k"0f{ / lgoldt?kdf cBfjlws
t:jL/ ;fd'Gg]df Nofpg]5 . o;n] gLlt lgdf{tfx?nfO{ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug]{5 .
ljkb\sf] hf]lvd;DaGwL 1fgdf /x]sf l/Qmtfx?nfO{ ;d]t o;n] kl/k"lt{ ug{
;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 .
� dxTj M
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ugf{n] /fi6« s:tf vfn] k|sf]kx?sf] rk]6fdf 5 / ;+s6f;Ggtf
s:tf] 5 eGg] yfxf x'g cfp“5 . csf]{tkm{ ef}uf]lns / If]qut (sectoral)lx;fadf ljBdfg ljkb\ hf]lvdx? :ki6 x'G5 . ljsf;sf] nflu Pjd\ ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu hf]lvd lgwf{/0f cTofjZos
5 . hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / ljZn]if0f k|0ffnLut?kdf / ;se/ rf“8f] ul//xg'kb{5
lsgeg] ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] k|j[lQ kl/jt{gzLn x'G5 . hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ug]{ Pjd\
hf]lvd–gS;f tof/ ug]{ sfo{x? ;d'bfodf ;xeflutfd"ns 9+un] ul/Psf] x'G5 .
h;n] ubf{ ljkb\ k"j{r]tfjgL, k"j{tof/L / /f]syfdsf] nflu ;d'bfon] pTk|]l/t
kfb{5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf lgwf{/0f sfo{df ;+nUg /xg;Sg] k|d'v ;/sf/L
lgsfo, cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj1 / (practitioner) x?sf] klxrfg ug]{ /
pgLx?sf] e"ldsf / bfloTj lgSof}{n ug]{ .
@= lj1x?sf] ;xof]un] k|sf]k klxrfg / ;+s6f;Ggtf ljZn]if0f ul/Psf ljBdfg
cWoogx?sf] ;dLIff ug]{ . dxTjk"0f{ l/Qmtfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @
ljkb\sf hf]lvdx?sf] klxrfg, lgwf{/0f / cg'udg ug]{ tyf k"j{–
r]tfjgL lbg] Aoj:yfsf] clej[l4 ug]{ .
of] k|fyldstfcGtu{t ljkb\ hf]lvd;DaGwL tYof+sx? ;+sng / k|of]u; k|sf]k,
;+s6f;Ggtf / ljkb\sf] c;/sf] cjnf]sg, ljZn]if0f, k"jf{g'dfg ug{;Sg] Ifdtf
/ k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; / ;Def/ ug]{ sfo{x? kb{5g\ . o;sf nflu hf]lvd–gS;f
(risk map), tYof+sut Iflt hfgsf/L tyf hf]lvd / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] ;"rgf
lbg] k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; cfjZos /xG5g\ .
of] k|fyldstfn] gful/s–s]Gb|Lt k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, k"j{r]tfjgLsf]
b|'t?kdf k|jfx Pjd\ ;a} r/0fdf :yfgLo hgtfsf] k"0f{ ;+nUgtfdf hf]8 lbPsf]
5 .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fHon]
lgDg sfo{x? ug{;Sb5g\ M
@=! /fli6«o?kdf hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] k|of; yfngL ug]{ .
@=@ hf]lvd;DaGwL hfgsf/Lsf] pknAwtf Pjd\ tYof+s ;+sng / k|of]u;DaGwL
Ifdtfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
@=# k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsfnflu Ifdtf d"Nof+sg ug]{ / c? ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] .
@=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd hfgsf/L Pjd\ k"j{r]tfjgLsf] nflu ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfx
;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ sf] k|ult d"Nof+sgsf] nflu lgDg ;"rsx? tof/
ul/Psf 5g\ M
– k|sf]k tYof+sdf cfwfl/t / ;+s6f;Ggtf hfgsf/L ;dflji6 /fli6«o
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f .
#$##
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– d'Vo k|sf]kx? / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf tYof+sx? cg'udg, ;+u|x / k|jfx ug]{
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; .
– ;a} lsl;dsf k|sf]kx?sf] nflu k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ;+rfng .
– ;d'bfo txdf k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] kx""r / ;]jf .
@=! /fli6«o?kdf hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] k|of; yfngL ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] /fi6«sf] ljkb\ hf]lvdaf/] k"0f{ / lgoldt?kdf cBfjlws
t:jL/ ;fd'Gg]df Nofpg]5 . o;n] gLlt lgdf{tfx?nfO{ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug]{5 .
ljkb\sf] hf]lvd;DaGwL 1fgdf /x]sf l/Qmtfx?nfO{ ;d]t o;n] kl/k"lt{ ug{
;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 .
� dxTj M
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ugf{n] /fi6« s:tf vfn] k|sf]kx?sf] rk]6fdf 5 / ;+s6f;Ggtf
s:tf] 5 eGg] yfxf x'g cfp“5 . csf]{tkm{ ef}uf]lns / If]qut (sectoral)lx;fadf ljBdfg ljkb\ hf]lvdx? :ki6 x'G5 . ljsf;sf] nflu Pjd\ ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu hf]lvd lgwf{/0f cTofjZos
5 . hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / ljZn]if0f k|0ffnLut?kdf / ;se/ rf“8f] ul//xg'kb{5
lsgeg] ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] k|j[lQ kl/jt{gzLn x'G5 . hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ug]{ Pjd\
hf]lvd–gS;f tof/ ug]{ sfo{x? ;d'bfodf ;xeflutfd"ns 9+un] ul/Psf] x'G5 .
h;n] ubf{ ljkb\ k"j{r]tfjgL, k"j{tof/L / /f]syfdsf] nflu ;d'bfon] pTk|]l/t
kfb{5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf lgwf{/0f sfo{df ;+nUg /xg;Sg] k|d'v ;/sf/L
lgsfo, cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj1 / (practitioner) x?sf] klxrfg ug]{ /
pgLx?sf] e"ldsf / bfloTj lgSof}{n ug]{ .
@= lj1x?sf] ;xof]un] k|sf]k klxrfg / ;+s6f;Ggtf ljZn]if0f ul/Psf ljBdfg
cWoogx?sf] ;dLIff ug]{ . dxTjk"0f{ l/Qmtfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @
ljkb\sf hf]lvdx?sf] klxrfg, lgwf{/0f / cg'udg ug]{ tyf k"j{–
r]tfjgL lbg] Aoj:yfsf] clej[l4 ug]{ .
of] k|fyldstfcGtu{t ljkb\ hf]lvd;DaGwL tYof+sx? ;+sng / k|of]u; k|sf]k,
;+s6f;Ggtf / ljkb\sf] c;/sf] cjnf]sg, ljZn]if0f, k"jf{g'dfg ug{;Sg] Ifdtf
/ k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; / ;Def/ ug]{ sfo{x? kb{5g\ . o;sf nflu hf]lvd–gS;f
(risk map), tYof+sut Iflt hfgsf/L tyf hf]lvd / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] ;"rgf
lbg] k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; cfjZos /xG5g\ .
of] k|fyldstfn] gful/s–s]Gb|Lt k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, k"j{r]tfjgLsf]
b|'t?kdf k|jfx Pjd\ ;a} r/0fdf :yfgLo hgtfsf] k"0f{ ;+nUgtfdf hf]8 lbPsf]
5 .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fHon]
lgDg sfo{x? ug{;Sb5g\ M
@=! /fli6«o?kdf hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] k|of; yfngL ug]{ .
@=@ hf]lvd;DaGwL hfgsf/Lsf] pknAwtf Pjd\ tYof+s ;+sng / k|of]u;DaGwL
Ifdtfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
@=# k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsfnflu Ifdtf d"Nof+sg ug]{ / c? ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] .
@=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd hfgsf/L Pjd\ k"j{r]tfjgLsf] nflu ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfx
;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ sf] k|ult d"Nof+sgsf] nflu lgDg ;"rsx? tof/
ul/Psf 5g\ M
– k|sf]k tYof+sdf cfwfl/t / ;+s6f;Ggtf hfgsf/L ;dflji6 /fli6«o
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f .
#$##
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
#= k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL tYof+sx?sf] k|0ffnLut ;+sng, cfbfgk|bfg
/ lgwf{/0f ug{ /fli6«o dfkb08 / ljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{ . o;nfO{ ;dsIfL
/fi6«x?;“u t'ngf ug]{ .
$= :yfgLo k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf ljZn]if0f sfo{df ;a} If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg
/0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
%= hf]lvdsf tYof+sx?nfO{ lgoldt?kn] k'g/fjnf]sg / cBfjlws /fVg]
k|lqmofsf] z'?jft ug]{ .
^= ef}uf]lns If]q / ;d'bfosf] hf]lvd klxrfg u/L ;di6Lut k|sf]k gS;fsf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
&= :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;+s6f;Ggtf / Ifdtf d"Nof+sg ug]{ . o;f] ubf{ ;fdflhs,
cfly{s, ef}lts / jftfj/0fLo ;+s6f;Ggtfx?nfO{ klg Wofgdf /fVg] .
*= d'n'snfO{ :yfgLo, If]qLo / /fli6«otxdf k|efj kfg{;Sg] k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{
juL{s/0f ug]{ / tb\cg';f/ k|fyldstfdf /fVg] . o:tf] d"Nof+sgdf P]ltxfl;s
tYof+sx? klg pNn]v ug]{ .
(= hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ :yfgLo hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg of]hgf;“u
Psfsf/ ug]{ . pko'Qm eP;Dd ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL (GIS) /e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf ;km\6j]o/ k|of]u ug]{ .
!)= ljleGg If]qx?df /x]sf] ljkb\ hf]lvd lgSof}{n ug{ k|sf]k / ;+s6f;GgtfaLrsf]
cGtlqm{ofnfO{ d"Nof+sg ug]{ . hf]lvdnfO{ a9fpg jf 36fpg;Sg] lqmofsnfkx?,
;fdflhs / /fhg}lts k|lqmofx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
!!= hf]lvd hfgsf/L a[xt\ 5 / P]ltxfl;s ;gftg 1fgx? ;dflji6 ul/Psf]
5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;'lgZrttf ug{ ;a} If]qsf AolQmx?;“u k/fdz{ ug]{ .
!@= hf]lvd klxrfg / lgwf{/0fdf eO/x]sf k|ultx?sf] dfkg ug{ n}+luskIf
;d]t ;+nUg ;"rsx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ . ljleGg Ph]G;L / ;d'bfon] ;d]t
hf]lvd cj:yf a'em\g ;Sg] / a'emfpg;Sg] u/L o;sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
!#= hf]lvd d"Nof+sg sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{;Sg] / ;|f]t h'6fpg d2t
k'¥ofpg;Sg] vfnsf] ;'emfj / /0fg}lts of]hgf ;dflji6 gLltut sfuhftx?
tof/ ug]{ . o;nfO{ ;/sf/sf] ;a} tx / ;d'bfo;Dd k'¥ofpg] .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– ljkb\sf] k|sf/ cg';f/ hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] nflu w]/} lsl;dsf lj1x?sf]
;xof]u lng ;lsG5 .
– j}1flgs tYof+s ;+sng / 1fg clej[l4 Ifdtf ePsf lj1x? . oL lj1x?
jf ;+:yfx? ef}ule{s, hn tyf df};d, e"–lj1fg cflb;“u ;DalGwt
x'g;S5g\ .
– ;d'bfosf] ;+s6f;Ggtf / Ifdtf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;fdflhs lj1fgsf lj1sf
;fy} ;d'bfosf ;d"x jf ;+u7gx? Pjd\ jftfj/0f / k"jf{wf/sf] kl/jt{gnfO{
d"Nof+sg ug{;Sg] lj1x?sf] cfjZostf /xG5 .
– ljBdfg cEof;sf] sf/0f k/]sf] k|efj d"Nof+sg ug{;Sg] jftfj/0fLo
Aoj:yfksx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– v'Nnf jf ;femf kx"“rdf /x]sf tfhf tYof+sx? .
– k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfsf k|d'v AolQm / ;+u7gaf6 ;xof]u .
– ;a} txdf cfly{s ;|f]t / dfgj ;+;fwgsf] pknAwtf .
– k|fljlws hfgsf/Lx?sf] n]vfhf]vf / AofVof ug{;Sg] lj1x?sf] pknAwtf .
– ;xof]ufTds 9+un] ljljw Ph]G;Lx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg;Sg] ax'ljwfut
(multi-disciplinary) / ax';+u7gfTds (multi-organisation) kxn .– /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«otxsf] hf]lvd lgwf{/0f k|lqmofsf] a'emfO . -h:t}
If]qLo cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx?_ .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g\ !((* df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] Olyof]lkof / s]Gofdf
Pp6f ;fwf/0f t/ k|0ffnLut ljlwåf/f ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] k|sf/ / sf/sx? kQf
nufP . pgLx?n] u|fdL0f ;d'bfodf b'O{r/0fdf ;xeflutfd"ns ljlwåf/f ;j]{If0f u/] .
klxnf] r/0fdf v'Nnf k|ZgfjnL af“l8of] hxf“ ;xefuLx?n] cfk;L 5nkmnåf/f
cfkm"n] ef]u]sf k|sf]ksf lsl;d / ;d:ofx? rfx]hlt pNn]v ug{ ;Sby] . csf]{
r/0fdf ;xefuLx?nfO{ lglZrt k|sf]ksf] c;/ cg';f/ >]0fLdf /fVg nufOof] .
To;kl5 k|To]s k|sf]ksf] s;/L ;fdgf ul/b}+cfOPsf] 5 < lsg ul/Psf] 5}g <
#^#%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
#= k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL tYof+sx?sf] k|0ffnLut ;+sng, cfbfgk|bfg
/ lgwf{/0f ug{ /fli6«o dfkb08 / ljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{ . o;nfO{ ;dsIfL
/fi6«x?;“u t'ngf ug]{ .
$= :yfgLo k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf ljZn]if0f sfo{df ;a} If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg
/0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
%= hf]lvdsf tYof+sx?nfO{ lgoldt?kn] k'g/fjnf]sg / cBfjlws /fVg]
k|lqmofsf] z'?jft ug]{ .
^= ef}uf]lns If]q / ;d'bfosf] hf]lvd klxrfg u/L ;di6Lut k|sf]k gS;fsf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
&= :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;+s6f;Ggtf / Ifdtf d"Nof+sg ug]{ . o;f] ubf{ ;fdflhs,
cfly{s, ef}lts / jftfj/0fLo ;+s6f;Ggtfx?nfO{ klg Wofgdf /fVg] .
*= d'n'snfO{ :yfgLo, If]qLo / /fli6«otxdf k|efj kfg{;Sg] k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{
juL{s/0f ug]{ / tb\cg';f/ k|fyldstfdf /fVg] . o:tf] d"Nof+sgdf P]ltxfl;s
tYof+sx? klg pNn]v ug]{ .
(= hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ :yfgLo hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg of]hgf;“u
Psfsf/ ug]{ . pko'Qm eP;Dd ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL (GIS) /e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf ;km\6j]o/ k|of]u ug]{ .
!)= ljleGg If]qx?df /x]sf] ljkb\ hf]lvd lgSof}{n ug{ k|sf]k / ;+s6f;GgtfaLrsf]
cGtlqm{ofnfO{ d"Nof+sg ug]{ . hf]lvdnfO{ a9fpg jf 36fpg;Sg] lqmofsnfkx?,
;fdflhs / /fhg}lts k|lqmofx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
!!= hf]lvd hfgsf/L a[xt\ 5 / P]ltxfl;s ;gftg 1fgx? ;dflji6 ul/Psf]
5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;'lgZrttf ug{ ;a} If]qsf AolQmx?;“u k/fdz{ ug]{ .
!@= hf]lvd klxrfg / lgwf{/0fdf eO/x]sf k|ultx?sf] dfkg ug{ n}+luskIf
;d]t ;+nUg ;"rsx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ . ljleGg Ph]G;L / ;d'bfon] ;d]t
hf]lvd cj:yf a'em\g ;Sg] / a'emfpg;Sg] u/L o;sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
!#= hf]lvd d"Nof+sg sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{;Sg] / ;|f]t h'6fpg d2t
k'¥ofpg;Sg] vfnsf] ;'emfj / /0fg}lts of]hgf ;dflji6 gLltut sfuhftx?
tof/ ug]{ . o;nfO{ ;/sf/sf] ;a} tx / ;d'bfo;Dd k'¥ofpg] .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– ljkb\sf] k|sf/ cg';f/ hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] nflu w]/} lsl;dsf lj1x?sf]
;xof]u lng ;lsG5 .
– j}1flgs tYof+s ;+sng / 1fg clej[l4 Ifdtf ePsf lj1x? . oL lj1x?
jf ;+:yfx? ef}ule{s, hn tyf df};d, e"–lj1fg cflb;“u ;DalGwt
x'g;S5g\ .
– ;d'bfosf] ;+s6f;Ggtf / Ifdtf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;fdflhs lj1fgsf lj1sf
;fy} ;d'bfosf ;d"x jf ;+u7gx? Pjd\ jftfj/0f / k"jf{wf/sf] kl/jt{gnfO{
d"Nof+sg ug{;Sg] lj1x?sf] cfjZostf /xG5 .
– ljBdfg cEof;sf] sf/0f k/]sf] k|efj d"Nof+sg ug{;Sg] jftfj/0fLo
Aoj:yfksx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– v'Nnf jf ;femf kx"“rdf /x]sf tfhf tYof+sx? .
– k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfsf k|d'v AolQm / ;+u7gaf6 ;xof]u .
– ;a} txdf cfly{s ;|f]t / dfgj ;+;fwgsf] pknAwtf .
– k|fljlws hfgsf/Lx?sf] n]vfhf]vf / AofVof ug{;Sg] lj1x?sf] pknAwtf .
– ;xof]ufTds 9+un] ljljw Ph]G;Lx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg;Sg] ax'ljwfut
(multi-disciplinary) / ax';+u7gfTds (multi-organisation) kxn .– /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«otxsf] hf]lvd lgwf{/0f k|lqmofsf] a'emfO . -h:t}
If]qLo cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx?_ .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g\ !((* df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] Olyof]lkof / s]Gofdf
Pp6f ;fwf/0f t/ k|0ffnLut ljlwåf/f ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] k|sf/ / sf/sx? kQf
nufP . pgLx?n] u|fdL0f ;d'bfodf b'O{r/0fdf ;xeflutfd"ns ljlwåf/f ;j]{If0f u/] .
klxnf] r/0fdf v'Nnf k|ZgfjnL af“l8of] hxf“ ;xefuLx?n] cfk;L 5nkmnåf/f
cfkm"n] ef]u]sf k|sf]ksf lsl;d / ;d:ofx? rfx]hlt pNn]v ug{ ;Sby] . csf]{
r/0fdf ;xefuLx?nfO{ lglZrt k|sf]ksf] c;/ cg';f/ >]0fLdf /fVg nufOof] .
To;kl5 k|To]s k|sf]ksf] s;/L ;fdgf ul/b}+cfOPsf] 5 < lsg ul/Psf] 5}g <
#^#%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
s] ug'{k5{ < h:tf ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ nufOof] . o;}u/L If]qut, ;d"xut,
pd]/, ln·, ;DkGgtf / c? ;fdflhs cfly{s rl/qx?sf] cfwf/df klg
k|sf]ksf] ;+s6f;Ggtf lgSof}{n ul/of] .
of] sfo{qmd ^ dlxgf;Dd rNof] . o;df !@) ;d"x -%( dlxnf ;d"x;lxt_
;xefuL /x]sf lyP .
@=@ hf]lvd ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lsf] pknAwtf Pjd\ tYof+s ;+sng
/ k|of]u;DaGwL Ifdtfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL tYof+sx?sf] ;+sng, ljZn]if0f
/ k|jfx sfo{df ljBdfg k|lqmofx?sf] Ifdtf / l/Qmtf klxrfg ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf]
5 . o;n] ubf{ hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / k"j{r]tfjgLsf] cg'udgsf] nflu cfwf//]vf
ljsf; ug{ d2t k'¥ofp“b5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\ hf]lvd / Ifltsf] ;xL hfgsf/Ln] lg0f{ostf{ / gful/sx?nfO{
/fi6«n] em]Ng'kl//x]sf] ljleGg k|sf]kx? / o;sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo
/ ef}lts ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{ a'em\g ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 . oL tYof+s / hfgsf/Lx?
;xL ;dodf k|jflxt ug{;s] ljkb\ hf]lvdlj?4 k"j{tof/L ckgfpg ;d'bfonfO{
k|]l/t ub{5 . oL hfgsf/L / tYof+sx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ugf{n] tYof+s ;+sng,
ljZn]if0f / ;Dk|]if0fdf /x]sf sdhf]/ / alnof KfIf yfxf x'g'sf] ;fy} efjL
/0fgLlt lgdf{0f ug{ ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL tYof+sx? ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug]{ Ph]G;L /
;+u7gx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . ;Defljt If]qx? oL x'g;S5g\ M
– df};d, ef}ule{s, h}ljs, k|f}Bf]lus k|sf]kx? / jftfj/0fLo ¥xf;
;DaGwL tYo / hfgsf/Lx? cjnf]sg, cg'udg, ljZn]if0f / k|jfx
ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg ;+u7gx? .
– hg;+Vof, k"jf{wf/, cfly{s, Aofkfl/s / ;DklQs/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f
/fVg] lgsfox? . pbfx/0fsf] nflu hg;f+lVosLo tYof+sn] pd]/,
:jf:Yo / hLljsf]kfh{g;DaGwL ;+s6f;Ggtfx? phfu/ ug{;S5 .
– ;d'bfo / ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xsf] ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts -h:t} ;gftg
1fg_ tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ ;+u7gx? .
@= tYof+ssf] k'g/fjnf]sg Pjd\ Aoj:yfkg, ;+Zn]if0f / k|jfxLs/0f ljlw
:yfkgf ug]{ .
#= ljBdfg ;"rgf tyf tYof+s k|0ffnLsf] alnof] / sdhf]/ kIf Pjd\ ;'wf/sf
If]qx? klxNofpg] .
$= hf]lvd d"Nof+sg ;DalGwt pknAw ;fdu|Lx?sf] cWoog ug]{ . hf]lvdsf]
1fgdf /x]sf] dxTjk"0f{ l/Qmtfx?sf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ . o;f] ubf{ ljkb\sf] Iflt
ljgf;sf/L aGg;Sg] If]qnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg] .
%= k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;“u a;]/ d"Nof+sgsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ cWoog / ;+Zn]if0f
ug]{ .
^= ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL cfjZos tYof+sx? klxrfg ug{ Pjd\ ;fGble{s
tYof+sx?sf] ;+sng / ljZn]if0f sfo{df ;xhtf Nofpg cGt/ljefuLo
sfo{ ;d"xx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
&= tYof+s ;+sng / k|jfxLs/0fsf] nflu gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? tof/ ug]{ .
hf]lvd hfgsf/L ;DaGwL ljBdfg l/Qmtfx?nfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ Pjd\ ;+sng
/ k|jfxLs/0f k|lqmofnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ tL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? /fli6«o, If]qLo
/ :yfgLo tx;Dd ljt/0f ug]{ .
k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] pknAw tYof+sdf /x]sf] l/Qmtfx? klxrfg ug{ lgDg
k|Zgx? ug{ ;lsG5 M
– s] ;a} lsl;dsf jf ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ k|sf]kx? / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] e/kbf]{
tYof+s pknAw 5 < s] ;fdflhs tYof+sdf n}+lus ljlzi6tf ;+nUg
ul/Psf] 5 < s] :yfgLo / ;gftg 1fgnfO{ pko'Qm 9+un] ;dflji6 ul/Psf]
5 < s] e/kbf]{ ljkb\sf P]ltxfl;s /]s8{x? pknAw 5g\ < s] hfgsf/L /
tYof+sx?nfO{ cBfjlws ug]{ pko'Qm k|lqmof ljBdfg 5 <
– s] ;DalGwt lgsfox? k"j{;"rgf k|lqmof a'em\g / cfcfkm\gf] pQ/bfloTj k"/f
#*#&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
s] ug'{k5{ < h:tf ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ nufOof] . o;}u/L If]qut, ;d"xut,
pd]/, ln·, ;DkGgtf / c? ;fdflhs cfly{s rl/qx?sf] cfwf/df klg
k|sf]ksf] ;+s6f;Ggtf lgSof}{n ul/of] .
of] sfo{qmd ^ dlxgf;Dd rNof] . o;df !@) ;d"x -%( dlxnf ;d"x;lxt_
;xefuL /x]sf lyP .
@=@ hf]lvd ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lsf] pknAwtf Pjd\ tYof+s ;+sng
/ k|of]u;DaGwL Ifdtfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL tYof+sx?sf] ;+sng, ljZn]if0f
/ k|jfx sfo{df ljBdfg k|lqmofx?sf] Ifdtf / l/Qmtf klxrfg ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf]
5 . o;n] ubf{ hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / k"j{r]tfjgLsf] cg'udgsf] nflu cfwf//]vf
ljsf; ug{ d2t k'¥ofp“b5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\ hf]lvd / Ifltsf] ;xL hfgsf/Ln] lg0f{ostf{ / gful/sx?nfO{
/fi6«n] em]Ng'kl//x]sf] ljleGg k|sf]kx? / o;sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo
/ ef}lts ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{ a'em\g ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 . oL tYof+s / hfgsf/Lx?
;xL ;dodf k|jflxt ug{;s] ljkb\ hf]lvdlj?4 k"j{tof/L ckgfpg ;d'bfonfO{
k|]l/t ub{5 . oL hfgsf/L / tYof+sx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ugf{n] tYof+s ;+sng,
ljZn]if0f / ;Dk|]if0fdf /x]sf sdhf]/ / alnof KfIf yfxf x'g'sf] ;fy} efjL
/0fgLlt lgdf{0f ug{ ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL tYof+sx? ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug]{ Ph]G;L /
;+u7gx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . ;Defljt If]qx? oL x'g;S5g\ M
– df};d, ef}ule{s, h}ljs, k|f}Bf]lus k|sf]kx? / jftfj/0fLo ¥xf;
;DaGwL tYo / hfgsf/Lx? cjnf]sg, cg'udg, ljZn]if0f / k|jfx
ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg ;+u7gx? .
– hg;+Vof, k"jf{wf/, cfly{s, Aofkfl/s / ;DklQs/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f
/fVg] lgsfox? . pbfx/0fsf] nflu hg;f+lVosLo tYof+sn] pd]/,
:jf:Yo / hLljsf]kfh{g;DaGwL ;+s6f;Ggtfx? phfu/ ug{;S5 .
– ;d'bfo / ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xsf] ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts -h:t} ;gftg
1fg_ tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ ;+u7gx? .
@= tYof+ssf] k'g/fjnf]sg Pjd\ Aoj:yfkg, ;+Zn]if0f / k|jfxLs/0f ljlw
:yfkgf ug]{ .
#= ljBdfg ;"rgf tyf tYof+s k|0ffnLsf] alnof] / sdhf]/ kIf Pjd\ ;'wf/sf
If]qx? klxNofpg] .
$= hf]lvd d"Nof+sg ;DalGwt pknAw ;fdu|Lx?sf] cWoog ug]{ . hf]lvdsf]
1fgdf /x]sf] dxTjk"0f{ l/Qmtfx?sf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ . o;f] ubf{ ljkb\sf] Iflt
ljgf;sf/L aGg;Sg] If]qnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg] .
%= k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;“u a;]/ d"Nof+sgsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ cWoog / ;+Zn]if0f
ug]{ .
^= ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL cfjZos tYof+sx? klxrfg ug{ Pjd\ ;fGble{s
tYof+sx?sf] ;+sng / ljZn]if0f sfo{df ;xhtf Nofpg cGt/ljefuLo
sfo{ ;d"xx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
&= tYof+s ;+sng / k|jfxLs/0fsf] nflu gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? tof/ ug]{ .
hf]lvd hfgsf/L ;DaGwL ljBdfg l/Qmtfx?nfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ Pjd\ ;+sng
/ k|jfxLs/0f k|lqmofnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ tL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? /fli6«o, If]qLo
/ :yfgLo tx;Dd ljt/0f ug]{ .
k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] pknAw tYof+sdf /x]sf] l/Qmtfx? klxrfg ug{ lgDg
k|Zgx? ug{ ;lsG5 M
– s] ;a} lsl;dsf jf ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ k|sf]kx? / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] e/kbf]{
tYof+s pknAw 5 < s] ;fdflhs tYof+sdf n}+lus ljlzi6tf ;+nUg
ul/Psf] 5 < s] :yfgLo / ;gftg 1fgnfO{ pko'Qm 9+un] ;dflji6 ul/Psf]
5 < s] e/kbf]{ ljkb\sf P]ltxfl;s /]s8{x? pknAw 5g\ < s] hfgsf/L /
tYof+sx?nfO{ cBfjlws ug]{ pko'Qm k|lqmof ljBdfg 5 <
– s] ;DalGwt lgsfox? k"j{;"rgf k|lqmof a'em\g / cfcfkm\gf] pQ/bfloTj k"/f
#*#&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ug{ ;Ifd 5g\ < -k"j{;"rgf k|0ffnL M cjnf]sg, cg'udg, ;+u|x, u'0f:t/
lgoGq0f, ljZn]if0f, ;+Zn]if0f / k|jfxLs/0f_ . s] oL lgsfox? kof{Kt
;dGjo u5{g\ jf ;"rgf Aoj:yfkgsf] cGt/;DaGw sdhf]/ 5 < s]
;DalGwt lgsfox?;“u pks/0f / Ifdtf 5 <
– ljljw If]q / ljleGg k|sf]kx?aLrsf] tYof+s ;+Zn]if0f ug{ / ax'k]zfut
rf;f]x?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg :ki6?kdf lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] 5 <
– s] hfgsf/L cTofjZos /x]sf] ;d"x jf AolQmx?df of] k'u]sf] 5 < s] nlIft
;d'bfo hfgsf/L a'em\g ;Ifd 5g\ < s] o;n] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu
lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 <
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu tf]lsPsf lgsfox? . -h:t} M ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o cfof]u_ .
– hf]lvd tYof+s k|of]u ug]{ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgdf ;+nUg ;+u7gx? / ljkb\
Aoj:yfkgdf g]t[Tj ug]{ ;+:yfx? .
– j}1flgs tYof+s ;+sng sfo{df lhDd]jf/ ;+:yfx? -h:t} hn tyf
df};dk"jf{g'dfg, ef}ule{s, e"–lj1fg cflb_ Pjd\ hg;+Vof, cfly{s, s/,
ljsf;;DaGwL tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ lgsfox? .
– ;fdflhs / k|fljlws lj1fgsf cg';Gwfgstf{ / cWo]tfx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf k|d'v AolQmx? jf ;+u7gsf] ;xof]u .
– d"Nof+sgsf] nflu cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]t / tYof+slj1x?;lxtsf] dfgjLo
;|f]t .
– k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] lgwf{/0f ;'lglZrttf ug{ ax'ljwfut, ax';+u7gfTds
/ n}+lus ;Gt'ng ldn]sf] ;a} pko'Qm sfo{;d"x .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
d]lS;sf] ;/sf/n] ljkb\sf tYof+sx? ;+sng, Aoj:yfkg / ;+Zn]if0f ug]{
x]t'n] The Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)
eGg] 5'§} lgsfosf] u7g u/]sf] 5 . o;n] k|sf]k;DaGwL tfhf tYof+s /
hfgsf/Lx? cBfjlws ug]{ Pjd\ ljleGg Ph]G;L / gful/s ;d"xdf k|jfx ug]{
sfd ub{5 . d]lS;sf]sf k|d'v k|sf]kx? e"sDk / Hjfnfd'vLdf of] ljz]if?kn]
s]lGb|t 5 .
@=# k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL;DaGwL Ifdtf lgwf{/0f ug]{ / ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] k"j{r]tfjgL ;DaGwL ljBdfg Ifdtf lgwf{/0f ug]{ /
/fi6«sf] k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf]
5 .
� dxTj M
k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLn] k|sf]ksf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfonfO{ pko'Qm 9+un] /
;do5“b} ;Defljt dfgjLo, ef}lts, jftfj/0fLo / hLljsf]kfh{g;DaGwL IfltnfO{
Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 . k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf rf/j6f tTjx? 5g\ M
s_ hf]lvd 1fg (Risk Knowledge)
v_ cg'udg / r]tfjgL lbg] ;]jf (Monitoring and Warning Service)
u_ ;+rf/ / k|jfxLs/0f (Communication and Dissemination)
3_ k|ltsfo{ Ifdtf (Response Capability)
k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL ;DaGwL Ifdtf lgwf{/0f / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu oL rf/j6}
tTjx? k|efjsf/L /xg'kb{5 . Pp6fsf] sdhf]/Ln] klg ;d:t k|0ffnLnfO{ g}
c;kmn kfg{ ;Sb5 .
� sfo{{ ljlw M
!= cGt/ljwfut ;d"x (interdisciplinary team) sf] lgdf{0f u/]/ k"j{r]tfjgL
k|0ffnL;DaGwL oL s'/fx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ M
– /fHosf] sfg"g / gLltn] kof{Kt ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 <
– k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnL;DaGwL sfo{ ug{;Sg] ;a} pko'Qm ;+u7gx?sf]$)#(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ug{ ;Ifd 5g\ < -k"j{;"rgf k|0ffnL M cjnf]sg, cg'udg, ;+u|x, u'0f:t/
lgoGq0f, ljZn]if0f, ;+Zn]if0f / k|jfxLs/0f_ . s] oL lgsfox? kof{Kt
;dGjo u5{g\ jf ;"rgf Aoj:yfkgsf] cGt/;DaGw sdhf]/ 5 < s]
;DalGwt lgsfox?;“u pks/0f / Ifdtf 5 <
– ljljw If]q / ljleGg k|sf]kx?aLrsf] tYof+s ;+Zn]if0f ug{ / ax'k]zfut
rf;f]x?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg :ki6?kdf lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] 5 <
– s] hfgsf/L cTofjZos /x]sf] ;d"x jf AolQmx?df of] k'u]sf] 5 < s] nlIft
;d'bfo hfgsf/L a'em\g ;Ifd 5g\ < s] o;n] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu
lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 <
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu tf]lsPsf lgsfox? . -h:t} M ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o cfof]u_ .
– hf]lvd tYof+s k|of]u ug]{ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgdf ;+nUg ;+u7gx? / ljkb\
Aoj:yfkgdf g]t[Tj ug]{ ;+:yfx? .
– j}1flgs tYof+s ;+sng sfo{df lhDd]jf/ ;+:yfx? -h:t} hn tyf
df};dk"jf{g'dfg, ef}ule{s, e"–lj1fg cflb_ Pjd\ hg;+Vof, cfly{s, s/,
ljsf;;DaGwL tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ lgsfox? .
– ;fdflhs / k|fljlws lj1fgsf cg';Gwfgstf{ / cWo]tfx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf k|d'v AolQmx? jf ;+u7gsf] ;xof]u .
– d"Nof+sgsf] nflu cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]t / tYof+slj1x?;lxtsf] dfgjLo
;|f]t .
– k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] lgwf{/0f ;'lglZrttf ug{ ax'ljwfut, ax';+u7gfTds
/ n}+lus ;Gt'ng ldn]sf] ;a} pko'Qm sfo{;d"x .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
d]lS;sf] ;/sf/n] ljkb\sf tYof+sx? ;+sng, Aoj:yfkg / ;+Zn]if0f ug]{
x]t'n] The Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)
eGg] 5'§} lgsfosf] u7g u/]sf] 5 . o;n] k|sf]k;DaGwL tfhf tYof+s /
hfgsf/Lx? cBfjlws ug]{ Pjd\ ljleGg Ph]G;L / gful/s ;d"xdf k|jfx ug]{
sfd ub{5 . d]lS;sf]sf k|d'v k|sf]kx? e"sDk / Hjfnfd'vLdf of] ljz]if?kn]
s]lGb|t 5 .
@=# k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL;DaGwL Ifdtf lgwf{/0f ug]{ / ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] k"j{r]tfjgL ;DaGwL ljBdfg Ifdtf lgwf{/0f ug]{ /
/fi6«sf] k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf]
5 .
� dxTj M
k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLn] k|sf]ksf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfonfO{ pko'Qm 9+un] /
;do5“b} ;Defljt dfgjLo, ef}lts, jftfj/0fLo / hLljsf]kfh{g;DaGwL IfltnfO{
Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 . k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf rf/j6f tTjx? 5g\ M
s_ hf]lvd 1fg (Risk Knowledge)
v_ cg'udg / r]tfjgL lbg] ;]jf (Monitoring and Warning Service)
u_ ;+rf/ / k|jfxLs/0f (Communication and Dissemination)
3_ k|ltsfo{ Ifdtf (Response Capability)
k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL ;DaGwL Ifdtf lgwf{/0f / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu oL rf/j6}
tTjx? k|efjsf/L /xg'kb{5 . Pp6fsf] sdhf]/Ln] klg ;d:t k|0ffnLnfO{ g}
c;kmn kfg{ ;Sb5 .
� sfo{{ ljlw M
!= cGt/ljwfut ;d"x (interdisciplinary team) sf] lgdf{0f u/]/ k"j{r]tfjgL
k|0ffnL;DaGwL oL s'/fx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ M
– /fHosf] sfg"g / gLltn] kof{Kt ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 <
– k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnL;DaGwL sfo{ ug{;Sg] ;a} pko'Qm ;+u7gx?sf]$)#(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj kl/eflift 5 < ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ o;sf]
hfgsf/L 5 <
– k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] af/]df /fli6«o lg0f{o ug{;Sg] Pshgf /fhg}lts
g]tf jf ;/sf/L clwsf/L sfg"gL?kd} tf]lsPsf 5g\ <
– sfof{Gjog ul/Psf gLltx? ljs]lGb|t 5g\ < :yfgLo lg0f{o k|lqmof /
;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf ;zQm 5 <
– ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;xfotf lbg] ;+oGqn] ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 <
@= k"j{–r]tfjgL k|lqmofsf] lglZrt dfkb08 agfpg] h;n] ubf{ ;a} ;DalGwt
lgsfox? -h:t} hn tyf df};dk"jf{g'dfg dxfzfvf, af?0foGq cflb_n]
k|efjsf/L9+un] k"j{–r]tfjgL lbg ;s"g\ / tYof+s ;+sng, ljZn]if0fdf
;lhnf] x'g cfcf];\ .
#= lgDg s'/fx? ;dflji6 cg'udg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ M
– ;a} ;DefAo k|sf]kx?sf] kl/ldlt -kf/fld6/_ dfkg ug]{ .
– :yfgLo cj:yf / kl/l:ylt ;'xfp“bf] k|fljlws pks/0fsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
oL pks/0f rnfpg / dd{t ug{ k|lzlIft AolQmsf] Aoj:yf ug]{ .
– k"j{–r]tfjgL s]Gb|x? x/;dodf -lbgsf] @$ 306f, xKtfsf] ;ft} lbg_
;+rfng x'G5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
$= lgDg ljz]iftfx? ePsf] k|efjsf/L k"jf{g'dfg / r]tfjgL k|0ffnL :yfkgf ug]{ M
– :jLsfo{ j}1flgs / k|fljlws ljlwdf cfwfl/t tYof+s ljZn]if0f,
k"jf{g'dfg / r]tfjgL ;Gb]z .
– cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08sf] tYof+s / r]tfjgL ;Gb]z lgdf{0f, k|jfx .
– ;a} ljsNkx?sf] tof/L . h:t} ljB'tLo zlQmsf] ljsNk -h]g]/]6/,
OGe6{/_, pks/0fx?n] sfd gubf{sf] cj:yf, sd{rf/LnfO{
cfkTsfnL?kdf af]nfpg] k|0ffnL cflb .
– ;dod} / lglZrt 9f“rfdf /xL r]tfjgL ;Gb]zsf] lgdf{0f / k|jfx .
– k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ;+rfng k|lqmof, tYof+s u'0f:t/ / r]tfjgL
;Gb]zsf] :t/sf] lgoldt cg'udg / d"Nof+sg .
%= ljkb\sf k'/fgf cg'ej, ljutsf k"j{–r]tfjgLsf l;sfOx?sf] cWoog,
ljZn]if0f ug]{ . ;d"x;“u a;]/ Ifdtf / sdhf]/Lx? lgSof}{n ug]{, kl/0ffdx?af/]
5nkmn ug]{ / ;/sf/sf ;a} txsf nflu ;'emfjx? tof/ ug]{ .
^= ax'k|sf]kLo k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] of]hgf agfpg] . o;f] ubf{ k|fyldstfsf
sfo{x? / cfly{s kmfObfsf kIfx?nfO{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
&= /fli6«o cfly{s of]hgf / ljsf;sf gLltx?df k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnL ;dflxt
ug{ cj;/sf] vf]hL ug]{ .
*= Ifdtf–clej[l4 of]hgf / tflnd sfo{qmdx? ljsf; ug]{ . o;sf nflu
kof{Kt ;|f]t ljlgof]hg ug]{ / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;xeflutfsf] kIfnfO{
;dflji6 ug]{ .
(= If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s ;|f]tsf] vf]hL ug]{ . lghL If]q / ;+rf/dfWodx?;“u
;fem]bf/L ug]{ .
!)= d"Nof+sgsf] kl/0ffd / k|:tfljt of]hgfx? k|jfx ug]{ . cfly{s / ;fdflhs
kmfObfx?sf] af/]df ljz]if?kdf k|sfz kfg]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf rf/ tTjx? ;d]6\g] If]qsf k|fljlws lj1x? M
!= hf]lvd 1fg (Risk Knowledge) M j}1flgs tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ /
hf]lvd 1fg lgwf{/0f ug]{ Ph]G;Lx? .
@= cg'udg / r]tfjgL ;]jf (Monitoring and Warning Service) M hn
tyf df};d k"jf{g'dfg dxfzfvf, ef}ule{s ;+:yfx? cflb .
#= ;+rf/ / k|jfxLs/0f (Dissemination and Communication) M ;d'bfodf
cfwfl/t ;+u7gx?, ;+rf/k|ljlw ;DaGwL sDkgLx?, ;+rf/dfWodx? .
$= k|ltsfo{ Ifdtf (Response Capability)M gful/s ;'/Iff / dfgj
;xfotf k|bfos Ph]G;Lx?, u};;x? cflb .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;+u7g / ;+u7g k|d'vsf] ;xof]u .
– cfly{s / dfgjLo ;|f]t .
– k"j{–r]tfjgL;DaGwL hgr]tgf hufpg;Sg] cu'jf / h'emf? AolQmx?
(champions) .
– cg'udg, r]tfjgL, k|ltsfo{;DaGwL k|fljlws k[i7e"ld / cg'ej
ePsfx?;“usf] kx""“r .
$@$!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj kl/eflift 5 < ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ o;sf]
hfgsf/L 5 <
– k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] af/]df /fli6«o lg0f{o ug{;Sg] Pshgf /fhg}lts
g]tf jf ;/sf/L clwsf/L sfg"gL?kd} tf]lsPsf 5g\ <
– sfof{Gjog ul/Psf gLltx? ljs]lGb|t 5g\ < :yfgLo lg0f{o k|lqmof /
;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf ;zQm 5 <
– ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;xfotf lbg] ;+oGqn] ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 <
@= k"j{–r]tfjgL k|lqmofsf] lglZrt dfkb08 agfpg] h;n] ubf{ ;a} ;DalGwt
lgsfox? -h:t} hn tyf df};dk"jf{g'dfg dxfzfvf, af?0foGq cflb_n]
k|efjsf/L9+un] k"j{–r]tfjgL lbg ;s"g\ / tYof+s ;+sng, ljZn]if0fdf
;lhnf] x'g cfcf];\ .
#= lgDg s'/fx? ;dflji6 cg'udg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ M
– ;a} ;DefAo k|sf]kx?sf] kl/ldlt -kf/fld6/_ dfkg ug]{ .
– :yfgLo cj:yf / kl/l:ylt ;'xfp“bf] k|fljlws pks/0fsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
oL pks/0f rnfpg / dd{t ug{ k|lzlIft AolQmsf] Aoj:yf ug]{ .
– k"j{–r]tfjgL s]Gb|x? x/;dodf -lbgsf] @$ 306f, xKtfsf] ;ft} lbg_
;+rfng x'G5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
$= lgDg ljz]iftfx? ePsf] k|efjsf/L k"jf{g'dfg / r]tfjgL k|0ffnL :yfkgf ug]{ M
– :jLsfo{ j}1flgs / k|fljlws ljlwdf cfwfl/t tYof+s ljZn]if0f,
k"jf{g'dfg / r]tfjgL ;Gb]z .
– cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08sf] tYof+s / r]tfjgL ;Gb]z lgdf{0f, k|jfx .
– ;a} ljsNkx?sf] tof/L . h:t} ljB'tLo zlQmsf] ljsNk -h]g]/]6/,
OGe6{/_, pks/0fx?n] sfd gubf{sf] cj:yf, sd{rf/LnfO{
cfkTsfnL?kdf af]nfpg] k|0ffnL cflb .
– ;dod} / lglZrt 9f“rfdf /xL r]tfjgL ;Gb]zsf] lgdf{0f / k|jfx .
– k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ;+rfng k|lqmof, tYof+s u'0f:t/ / r]tfjgL
;Gb]zsf] :t/sf] lgoldt cg'udg / d"Nof+sg .
%= ljkb\sf k'/fgf cg'ej, ljutsf k"j{–r]tfjgLsf l;sfOx?sf] cWoog,
ljZn]if0f ug]{ . ;d"x;“u a;]/ Ifdtf / sdhf]/Lx? lgSof}{n ug]{, kl/0ffdx?af/]
5nkmn ug]{ / ;/sf/sf ;a} txsf nflu ;'emfjx? tof/ ug]{ .
^= ax'k|sf]kLo k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] of]hgf agfpg] . o;f] ubf{ k|fyldstfsf
sfo{x? / cfly{s kmfObfsf kIfx?nfO{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
&= /fli6«o cfly{s of]hgf / ljsf;sf gLltx?df k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnL ;dflxt
ug{ cj;/sf] vf]hL ug]{ .
*= Ifdtf–clej[l4 of]hgf / tflnd sfo{qmdx? ljsf; ug]{ . o;sf nflu
kof{Kt ;|f]t ljlgof]hg ug]{ / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;xeflutfsf] kIfnfO{
;dflji6 ug]{ .
(= If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s ;|f]tsf] vf]hL ug]{ . lghL If]q / ;+rf/dfWodx?;“u
;fem]bf/L ug]{ .
!)= d"Nof+sgsf] kl/0ffd / k|:tfljt of]hgfx? k|jfx ug]{ . cfly{s / ;fdflhs
kmfObfx?sf] af/]df ljz]if?kdf k|sfz kfg]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf rf/ tTjx? ;d]6\g] If]qsf k|fljlws lj1x? M
!= hf]lvd 1fg (Risk Knowledge) M j}1flgs tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ /
hf]lvd 1fg lgwf{/0f ug]{ Ph]G;Lx? .
@= cg'udg / r]tfjgL ;]jf (Monitoring and Warning Service) M hn
tyf df};d k"jf{g'dfg dxfzfvf, ef}ule{s ;+:yfx? cflb .
#= ;+rf/ / k|jfxLs/0f (Dissemination and Communication) M ;d'bfodf
cfwfl/t ;+u7gx?, ;+rf/k|ljlw ;DaGwL sDkgLx?, ;+rf/dfWodx? .
$= k|ltsfo{ Ifdtf (Response Capability)M gful/s ;'/Iff / dfgj
;xfotf k|bfos Ph]G;Lx?, u};;x? cflb .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;+u7g / ;+u7g k|d'vsf] ;xof]u .
– cfly{s / dfgjLo ;|f]t .
– k"j{–r]tfjgL;DaGwL hgr]tgf hufpg;Sg] cu'jf / h'emf? AolQmx?
(champions) .
– cg'udg, r]tfjgL, k|ltsfo{;DaGwL k|fljlws k[i7e"ld / cg'ej
ePsfx?;“usf] kx""“r .
$@$!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– If]qLo / ljZjAofkL ;|f]tx?af/] hfgsf/L / kx""“r .
– k"j{–r]tfjgLsf rf/ tTjx?df ;+nUg /fli6«o, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o
;+u7gx?;“usf] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ -h:t} UNESCO, WMO, Redcross
cflb ._
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljkb\sf] clthf]lvddf /x]sf] a+unfb]zdf a+unfb]z /]8qm];]G6 ;f];fO6L /
a+unfb]z ;/sf/n] ;+rfng u/]sf] ‘rqmjft k"j{tof/L sfo{qmd’ cGtu{t t6Lo
If]qx?df k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{ klg k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 . h;cg';f/
tf//lxt !$# j6f /]l8of] :6]zgaf6 ;Gb]z k|jflxt x'g]u/]sf] 5 . o;afx]s ##
xhf/ :jod\;]jsx?n] d]ufkmf]g / ;fO/gsf] k|of]u u/]/ clthf]lvd If]qdf k"j{–
r]tfjgL lbG5g\ . of] sfo{qmd cGtu{t !! lhNnfsf *) nfv hgtf;dIf k"j{–
r]tfjgL ;Gb]zsf] kx""“r k'u]sf] 5 . a+unfb]znfO{ rqmjftn] jif{sf] rf/dlxgf b'v
lbg]u/]sf] 5 . af“sL cjlwdf hgr]tgf, ljBfno lzIff, cEof;sf sfo{qmdx?
x'G5g\ .
@=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd hfgsf/L Pjd\ k"j{r]tfjgLsf] nflu ;+rf/ /
;"rgf k|jfx ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ hf]lvd hfgsf/L / k"j{r]tfjgLnfO{ hg;+Vofsf] ;a}
lx:;fdf k|efjsf/L9+un] k|jfx ug]{ ;+oGqnfO{ alnof] agfpg] p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\ hf]lvd / k"j{r]tfjgLsf] k|efjsf/L ;+rf/n] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{
/ hLjghLljsfnfO{ ;'/lIft kfg{ ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 . o:tf hfgsf/Lx? nlIft
;d"xn] ;lhn} a'em\g;Sg] x'g'kb{5 / ;a}sf] kx“""rdf k'Ug;Sg' kb{5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd
;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg] jf k"j{r]tfjgL sfo{n] ;d'bfonfO{ ljkb\sf af/]df hfu[t
t'Nofp“b5 Pjd\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu lhDd]jf/Ldf klg j[l4 u/fp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= ;'?df ljBdfg Ifdtf d"Nof+sg ug]{ M
– ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfxdf ;+nUg ljleGg ;+3;+u7g / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
klxrfg ug]{ . ltgLx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfx k|lqmofdf
cfdGq0f ug]{ .
– ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] gfdfjnL Aojl:yt ug]{ . ltgLx?sf] e"ldsf,
lhDd]jf/L / If]qx? :ki6 ug]{ .
– ;"rgf k|jfxLs/0fdf b]lvPsf] ;dGjosf] cefj jf l/QmtfnfO{ klxrfg
ug]{ .
– ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fP/ hf]lvd hfgsf/L,
k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/x?sf] /0fgLlt / sfo{of]hgf tof/
ug]{ . o:tf] of]hgf ;d'bfosf] d"No, rf;f] / ;dfj]zLs/0f k|ltWjlgt
x'g]vfnsf] agfpg] .
– of]hgfsf] af/]df ljleGg ;+u7g / lj1x?;“u AolQmut jf ;+:yfut
;'emfj dfUg] .
@= ;+rf/ / k"j{r]tfjgL k|jfxLs/0f k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] M
– ;/sf/sf] gLlt / sfg"gs} dfWodn] ;"rgf k|jfxLs/0fsf] ;Ghfn
tof/ ug{ kxn ug]{ .
– If]qLo jf cGt/b]zLo k"j{r]tfjgL s]Gb|x?sf] e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L
kl/eflift ug]{ .
– ljz]iftM u|fdL0f If]qdf k|sf]k;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{;Sg] / k|jfx
ug{;Sg] :jod\;]js ;d"xx?sf] klxrfg jf lgdf{0f ug]{ .
– ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;+u7gx?n] agfPsf ;d"xx?;“u ljkb\ hf]lvd hfgsf/L
k|jfxsf] nflu ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
#= k|efjsf/L k"j{r]tfjgL ;+rf/ k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug]{
– ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf cg';f/ k"j{r]tfjgL ;+rf/k|0ffnLnfO{ 9fNg] .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu /]l8of] jf 6]lnlehgsf] cnfjf ;fO/g, vt/f–
em08f cflbsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
– ;+rf/ k|ljlwsf] kx""“r ;Dk"0f{ hg;+Vofdf k'u]sf] 5 eg]/ ;'lglZrttf
ug]{ . h;df df};dL / ljs6 7fp“sf hg;+VofnfO{ klg ;dflji6 ug]{ .
$$$#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– If]qLo / ljZjAofkL ;|f]tx?af/] hfgsf/L / kx""“r .
– k"j{–r]tfjgLsf rf/ tTjx?df ;+nUg /fli6«o, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o
;+u7gx?;“usf] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ -h:t} UNESCO, WMO, Redcross
cflb ._
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljkb\sf] clthf]lvddf /x]sf] a+unfb]zdf a+unfb]z /]8qm];]G6 ;f];fO6L /
a+unfb]z ;/sf/n] ;+rfng u/]sf] ‘rqmjft k"j{tof/L sfo{qmd’ cGtu{t t6Lo
If]qx?df k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{ klg k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 . h;cg';f/
tf//lxt !$# j6f /]l8of] :6]zgaf6 ;Gb]z k|jflxt x'g]u/]sf] 5 . o;afx]s ##
xhf/ :jod\;]jsx?n] d]ufkmf]g / ;fO/gsf] k|of]u u/]/ clthf]lvd If]qdf k"j{–
r]tfjgL lbG5g\ . of] sfo{qmd cGtu{t !! lhNnfsf *) nfv hgtf;dIf k"j{–
r]tfjgL ;Gb]zsf] kx""“r k'u]sf] 5 . a+unfb]znfO{ rqmjftn] jif{sf] rf/dlxgf b'v
lbg]u/]sf] 5 . af“sL cjlwdf hgr]tgf, ljBfno lzIff, cEof;sf sfo{qmdx?
x'G5g\ .
@=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd hfgsf/L Pjd\ k"j{r]tfjgLsf] nflu ;+rf/ /
;"rgf k|jfx ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ hf]lvd hfgsf/L / k"j{r]tfjgLnfO{ hg;+Vofsf] ;a}
lx:;fdf k|efjsf/L9+un] k|jfx ug]{ ;+oGqnfO{ alnof] agfpg] p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\ hf]lvd / k"j{r]tfjgLsf] k|efjsf/L ;+rf/n] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{
/ hLjghLljsfnfO{ ;'/lIft kfg{ ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 . o:tf hfgsf/Lx? nlIft
;d"xn] ;lhn} a'em\g;Sg] x'g'kb{5 / ;a}sf] kx“""rdf k'Ug;Sg' kb{5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd
;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg] jf k"j{r]tfjgL sfo{n] ;d'bfonfO{ ljkb\sf af/]df hfu[t
t'Nofp“b5 Pjd\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu lhDd]jf/Ldf klg j[l4 u/fp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= ;'?df ljBdfg Ifdtf d"Nof+sg ug]{ M
– ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfxdf ;+nUg ljleGg ;+3;+u7g / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
klxrfg ug]{ . ltgLx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfx k|lqmofdf
cfdGq0f ug]{ .
– ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] gfdfjnL Aojl:yt ug]{ . ltgLx?sf] e"ldsf,
lhDd]jf/L / If]qx? :ki6 ug]{ .
– ;"rgf k|jfxLs/0fdf b]lvPsf] ;dGjosf] cefj jf l/QmtfnfO{ klxrfg
ug]{ .
– ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fP/ hf]lvd hfgsf/L,
k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/x?sf] /0fgLlt / sfo{of]hgf tof/
ug]{ . o:tf] of]hgf ;d'bfosf] d"No, rf;f] / ;dfj]zLs/0f k|ltWjlgt
x'g]vfnsf] agfpg] .
– of]hgfsf] af/]df ljleGg ;+u7g / lj1x?;“u AolQmut jf ;+:yfut
;'emfj dfUg] .
@= ;+rf/ / k"j{r]tfjgL k|jfxLs/0f k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] M
– ;/sf/sf] gLlt / sfg"gs} dfWodn] ;"rgf k|jfxLs/0fsf] ;Ghfn
tof/ ug{ kxn ug]{ .
– If]qLo jf cGt/b]zLo k"j{r]tfjgL s]Gb|x?sf] e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L
kl/eflift ug]{ .
– ljz]iftM u|fdL0f If]qdf k|sf]k;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{;Sg] / k|jfx
ug{;Sg] :jod\;]js ;d"xx?sf] klxrfg jf lgdf{0f ug]{ .
– ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;+u7gx?n] agfPsf ;d"xx?;“u ljkb\ hf]lvd hfgsf/L
k|jfxsf] nflu ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
#= k|efjsf/L k"j{r]tfjgL ;+rf/ k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug]{
– ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf cg';f/ k"j{r]tfjgL ;+rf/k|0ffnLnfO{ 9fNg] .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu /]l8of] jf 6]lnlehgsf] cnfjf ;fO/g, vt/f–
em08f cflbsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
– ;+rf/ k|ljlwsf] kx""“r ;Dk"0f{ hg;+Vofdf k'u]sf] 5 eg]/ ;'lglZrttf
ug]{ . h;df df};dL / ljs6 7fp“sf hg;+VofnfO{ klg ;dflji6 ug]{ .
$$$#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– w]/} lsl;dsf] ;+rf/dfWodx?sf] k|of]u ug]{ . h:t} cfd;+rf/ dfWod,
cgf}krfl/s ;+rf/ cflb .
$= k"j{–r]tfjgL ;Gb]zx? nlIft ;d'bfon] ;lhn} a'em\g ;Sb5g\ eg]/ ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
� k|efjsf/L k"j{–r]tfjgL ;+rf/ M
k"j{r]tfjgLsf ;Gb]zx? 5f]6f], ;fwf/0f / :ki6 x'g'kb{5 / ;dod} lbOg'kb{5 .
o:tf ;Gb]zx?df dfgjLo, ef}lts Ifltaf6 aRg s] ug]{ < k"j{r]tfjgLnfO{
a]jf:tf ul/Pdf s:tf] b'ikl/0ffd cfOnfUg ;S5 < h:tf ;Gb]zx? pNn]v
ul/g'kb{5 . ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ hfgsf/LnfO{ af/Daf/ bf]xf]¥ofpg'kb{5 .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfxsf If]qdf sfd ug]{ Ph]G;L
/ ;+u7gx? .
– ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx?, ;"rgf k|ljlw sDkgLx?, ;+rf/dfWod,
k"j{r]tfjgL lbg] Ph]G;Lx? cflb . ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx?nfO{ ;+rf/
/0fgLlt lgdf{0fs} r/0fdf ;+nUg u/fOP hfgsf/Lx? a9L k|efjsf/L
/xG5g\ / p2]Zok/s 5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrttf x'G5 .
– k|fljlws hfgsf/L ;xL 5 / nlIft ;d'bfosf nflu ;fGble{s 5 eGg]
;'lglZrttf ug]{ df};d ljefu, ef}ule{s / e"–lj1fg cflb ;DaGwL If]qdf
sfd ug]{ lj1x? .
– :yfgLo ;/sf/x? lsgeg] ltgLx?n] k"j{r]tfjgL k|jfx / ljkb\ k|ltsfo{sf]
g]t[Tj u/]sf x'G5g\ .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;+rf/;DaGwL lgod sfg"gsf] a'emfO .
– j}1flgs tYof+s Aoj:yfkg, hf]lvd cWoog / k"j{r]tfjgL sfo{df ;+nUg
;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?aLrsf] ;dGjo .
– j}1flgs sfo{ ug]{ / cfkTsfnLg Aoj:yfkgsf] sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf
;/sf/sf] /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo txaLrsf] ;dGjo .
– ;d'bfo / gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg;Sg] Ifdtf .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
kk'jf Go"lugL ;'gfdLsf] pRrhf]lvddf /x]sf] /fi6« xf] . af/Daf/ uO/xg]
e"sDk / Hjfnfd'vLn] ;'gfdLsf] vt/fnfO{ emg\ a9fPsf] 5 . ;g\ !((* df Toxf“
& /]S6/ :s]nsf] e"sDk uof] / nuQ} cfPsf] ;'gfdLn] @@)) hgfsf] Hofg lnof] .
kk'jf Go"lugLdf Tof] ;'gfdL klxnf] lyPg t/ k'/fgf l;sfO / cg'ejx? gof“
lk+9LnfO{ k|jflxt ul/Pg . pgLx?nfO{ e"sDk nuQ} ;'gfdL cfpg] ;Defjgf a9L
x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lyPg . t;y{ pgLx? ;Defljt ;'gfdLaf6 aRg
prfO“sf] :yfgtkm{ uPgg\ .
kk'jf Go"lugL ;/sf/sf] cg'/f]wdf hfkfgsf] sf]a]l:yt ADRC eGg]
;+:yfn] ;'gfdL ;DaGwL hfkfgLh cg'ej af“8\g Pp6f sfo{qmd ;+rfng u¥of] .
o; cGtu{t lrqx? ePsf kf]i6/, kDkn]6x?sf] lgdf{0f u/L ;d'bfodf Aofks?kdf
ljt/0f ul/of] . ;g\ @))) df kk'jf Go"lugLdf cl3Nnf] eGbf klg 7"nf] * /]S6/
:s]nsf] e"sDk uof] . xhf/f}+ 3/x? Wj:t eP . Tolta]nf;Dd kk'jf Go"lugLsf
hgtf ;r]t eO;s]sf lyP . kl/0ffdtM Toqf] 7"nf] e"sDkkl5 cfPsf] ;'gfdLsf]
sf/0f Pshgf gful/ssf] klg d[To' x'gkfPg .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf @
xfd|f] sfo{qmd÷kl/of]hgf If]qdf k|sf]k;DaGwL r]tgf clej[l4 Pjd\
;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgdf slt k|ult eof] <
ljkb\ hf]lvd lgwf{/0f M s] ;d'bfosf] ljkb\ hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] nflu dlxnf
tyf ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xx?sf] klg ;xeflutfdf ;a} If]qsf k|ltlglwx?sf] e]nf tyf
5nkmn ePsf] 5 <
k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL M ;Defljt ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] ;r]tgf hufpg s] xfd|f]
;d'bfodf k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL 5 <
$^$%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– w]/} lsl;dsf] ;+rf/dfWodx?sf] k|of]u ug]{ . h:t} cfd;+rf/ dfWod,
cgf}krfl/s ;+rf/ cflb .
$= k"j{–r]tfjgL ;Gb]zx? nlIft ;d'bfon] ;lhn} a'em\g ;Sb5g\ eg]/ ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
� k|efjsf/L k"j{–r]tfjgL ;+rf/ M
k"j{r]tfjgLsf ;Gb]zx? 5f]6f], ;fwf/0f / :ki6 x'g'kb{5 / ;dod} lbOg'kb{5 .
o:tf ;Gb]zx?df dfgjLo, ef}lts Ifltaf6 aRg s] ug]{ < k"j{r]tfjgLnfO{
a]jf:tf ul/Pdf s:tf] b'ikl/0ffd cfOnfUg ;S5 < h:tf ;Gb]zx? pNn]v
ul/g'kb{5 . ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ hfgsf/LnfO{ af/Daf/ bf]xf]¥ofpg'kb{5 .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfxsf If]qdf sfd ug]{ Ph]G;L
/ ;+u7gx? .
– ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx?, ;"rgf k|ljlw sDkgLx?, ;+rf/dfWod,
k"j{r]tfjgL lbg] Ph]G;Lx? cflb . ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx?nfO{ ;+rf/
/0fgLlt lgdf{0fs} r/0fdf ;+nUg u/fOP hfgsf/Lx? a9L k|efjsf/L
/xG5g\ / p2]Zok/s 5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrttf x'G5 .
– k|fljlws hfgsf/L ;xL 5 / nlIft ;d'bfosf nflu ;fGble{s 5 eGg]
;'lglZrttf ug]{ df};d ljefu, ef}ule{s / e"–lj1fg cflb ;DaGwL If]qdf
sfd ug]{ lj1x? .
– :yfgLo ;/sf/x? lsgeg] ltgLx?n] k"j{r]tfjgL k|jfx / ljkb\ k|ltsfo{sf]
g]t[Tj u/]sf x'G5g\ .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;+rf/;DaGwL lgod sfg"gsf] a'emfO .
– j}1flgs tYof+s Aoj:yfkg, hf]lvd cWoog / k"j{r]tfjgL sfo{df ;+nUg
;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?aLrsf] ;dGjo .
– j}1flgs sfo{ ug]{ / cfkTsfnLg Aoj:yfkgsf] sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf
;/sf/sf] /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo txaLrsf] ;dGjo .
– ;d'bfo / gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg;Sg] Ifdtf .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
kk'jf Go"lugL ;'gfdLsf] pRrhf]lvddf /x]sf] /fi6« xf] . af/Daf/ uO/xg]
e"sDk / Hjfnfd'vLn] ;'gfdLsf] vt/fnfO{ emg\ a9fPsf] 5 . ;g\ !((* df Toxf“
& /]S6/ :s]nsf] e"sDk uof] / nuQ} cfPsf] ;'gfdLn] @@)) hgfsf] Hofg lnof] .
kk'jf Go"lugLdf Tof] ;'gfdL klxnf] lyPg t/ k'/fgf l;sfO / cg'ejx? gof“
lk+9LnfO{ k|jflxt ul/Pg . pgLx?nfO{ e"sDk nuQ} ;'gfdL cfpg] ;Defjgf a9L
x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lyPg . t;y{ pgLx? ;Defljt ;'gfdLaf6 aRg
prfO“sf] :yfgtkm{ uPgg\ .
kk'jf Go"lugL ;/sf/sf] cg'/f]wdf hfkfgsf] sf]a]l:yt ADRC eGg]
;+:yfn] ;'gfdL ;DaGwL hfkfgLh cg'ej af“8\g Pp6f sfo{qmd ;+rfng u¥of] .
o; cGtu{t lrqx? ePsf kf]i6/, kDkn]6x?sf] lgdf{0f u/L ;d'bfodf Aofks?kdf
ljt/0f ul/of] . ;g\ @))) df kk'jf Go"lugLdf cl3Nnf] eGbf klg 7"nf] * /]S6/
:s]nsf] e"sDk uof] . xhf/f}+ 3/x? Wj:t eP . Tolta]nf;Dd kk'jf Go"lugLsf
hgtf ;r]t eO;s]sf lyP . kl/0ffdtM Toqf] 7"nf] e"sDkkl5 cfPsf] ;'gfdLsf]
sf/0f Pshgf gful/ssf] klg d[To' x'gkfPg .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf @
xfd|f] sfo{qmd÷kl/of]hgf If]qdf k|sf]k;DaGwL r]tgf clej[l4 Pjd\
;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgdf slt k|ult eof] <
ljkb\ hf]lvd lgwf{/0f M s] ;d'bfosf] ljkb\ hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] nflu dlxnf
tyf ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xx?sf] klg ;xeflutfdf ;a} If]qsf k|ltlglwx?sf] e]nf tyf
5nkmn ePsf] 5 <
k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL M ;Defljt ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] ;r]tgf hufpg s] xfd|f]
;d'bfodf k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL 5 <
$^$%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # M
;a} txdf ljkb\ ;'/Iff / pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ 1fg,gjLgtd tl/sf / lzIffsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk g++ # sf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{
k|0ffnL / ;]jfsf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos 5 h;n] ;"rgf;Ddsf] kx""“r j[l4 ug{
Pjd\ ;"rgfnfO{ Aojxfl/s?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;Ifd agfp“b5 . of] k|fyldstfn]
;~hfnx?nfO{ ;zQm agfP/, 5nkmnnfO{ k|j4{g u/]/ j}1flgs ;d'bfo /
ljkb\sf If]qdf sfo{/tx?aLr ;xof]u j[l4 u/fpg hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . of] lqmofsnfk
cGtu{t ljBfno kf7\oqmddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;+nUg u/fpg], ;d'bfosf]
nflu tflnd sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; ug]{, cfd;+rf/ dfWodsf] cg';Gwfg Ifdtf
jf ;+nUgtf j[l4 ug]{ sfo{x? klg kb{5g\ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk g+= # sf nflu ;Defljt sfo{x?nfO{ o;/L juL{s/0f
ug{;lsG5 .
#=! ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;r]tgf km}nfpg] sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
#=@ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lzIff k|0ffnL / cg';Gwfg IF]qdf ;dfj]z ug]{ .
#=# ;fGble{s k|d'v If]qx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] tflnd sfo{qmd
ljsf; ug]{ .
#=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;"rgfsf] ;+sng, k|jfx / k|of]unfO{ clej[l4 ug]{ .
k|ult;"rsx? M
– ;a} ;d'bfo / ;a} z}lIfs:t/sf hgtf;Dd kx""“r ePsf] gful/s ;r]tgf
/fli6«o /0fgLltsf] lgdf{0f .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ljBfno kf7\oqmdsf] ;a} txdf ;dfj]zLs/0f .
/fli6«ob]lv :yfgLotx;Dd k|lzlIft k|lzIfs .
#=! ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;r]tgf j[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] af/]df ;r]tgf cleofgnfO{ ;zQm kfg{
of]hgf agfpg] / tb\cg';f/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . ;dfhsf] ;a}
txdf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL cfjZos hfgsf/L k|bfg ug]{ nIo of]
lqmofsnfksf] /x]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
;r]t gful/sn] ljkb\sf hf]lvdaf6 cfkm"nfO{ ;'/lIft kfg{;Sb5 . ljkb\
hf]lvdsf] a'emfOn] k"j{r]tfjgL / gLlt sfof{Gjogdf ;d]t k|efjsfl/tf Nofp“b5 .
� Aojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] nflu ;r]tgf cleofg
;r]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmd Ps cGtlqm{ofTds k|lqmof xf] hxf“ hfgsf/L / 1fg
k|bfg u/]/ nlIft ;d"xsf] ljrf/, ;f]rfO / Aojxf/nfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ k|of;
ul/G5 . ;xeflutfd"ns ;r]tgf cleofg a9L k||efjsf/L x'G5 lsgeg] o;f]
ubf{ nlIft ;d'bfosf] ljrf/, ;Lldttf / cj;/x?af/] cem} glhsdf a'em\g
;lsG5 . Aojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] k|of; ubf{ s]jn ljifoj:t'nfO{ a'emfpg] sfo{ dfq
gu/]/ o;sf] ;DefAotf / sfo{;xhtfdf klg plQs} hf]8 lbOg'kb{5 .
� s;/L ug]{ <
!= pko'Qm ljkb\ ;r]tgf cleofg nfu" ug{ /fi6«nfO{ oL s'/fx?sf] cfjZostf
kb{5 .
– ;r]tgf cleofgsf] nflu lg/Gt/ ;|f]tsf] ;'lglZrttf .
– s'g ;+rf/dfWodaf6 7"nf] hg;+Vofdf kx""“r k'Ug ;Sb5 eGg] lglZrttf .
– km/s lk+9Lx?df lbuf] a'emfO lgdf{0fsf] nflu ljleGg pd]/ ;d"xsf]
;xeflutf .
– ;+rf/, Aofkf/ / dfs]{l6ª If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ AolQmx?;“u ;DaGw
lj:tf/ .
$*$&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # M
;a} txdf ljkb\ ;'/Iff / pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ 1fg,gjLgtd tl/sf / lzIffsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk g++ # sf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{
k|0ffnL / ;]jfsf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos 5 h;n] ;"rgf;Ddsf] kx""“r j[l4 ug{
Pjd\ ;"rgfnfO{ Aojxfl/s?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;Ifd agfp“b5 . of] k|fyldstfn]
;~hfnx?nfO{ ;zQm agfP/, 5nkmnnfO{ k|j4{g u/]/ j}1flgs ;d'bfo /
ljkb\sf If]qdf sfo{/tx?aLr ;xof]u j[l4 u/fpg hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . of] lqmofsnfk
cGtu{t ljBfno kf7\oqmddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;+nUg u/fpg], ;d'bfosf]
nflu tflnd sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; ug]{, cfd;+rf/ dfWodsf] cg';Gwfg Ifdtf
jf ;+nUgtf j[l4 ug]{ sfo{x? klg kb{5g\ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk g+= # sf nflu ;Defljt sfo{x?nfO{ o;/L juL{s/0f
ug{;lsG5 .
#=! ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;r]tgf km}nfpg] sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
#=@ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lzIff k|0ffnL / cg';Gwfg IF]qdf ;dfj]z ug]{ .
#=# ;fGble{s k|d'v If]qx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] tflnd sfo{qmd
ljsf; ug]{ .
#=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;"rgfsf] ;+sng, k|jfx / k|of]unfO{ clej[l4 ug]{ .
k|ult;"rsx? M
– ;a} ;d'bfo / ;a} z}lIfs:t/sf hgtf;Dd kx""“r ePsf] gful/s ;r]tgf
/fli6«o /0fgLltsf] lgdf{0f .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ljBfno kf7\oqmdsf] ;a} txdf ;dfj]zLs/0f .
/fli6«ob]lv :yfgLotx;Dd k|lzlIft k|lzIfs .
#=! ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;r]tgf j[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] af/]df ;r]tgf cleofgnfO{ ;zQm kfg{
of]hgf agfpg] / tb\cg';f/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . ;dfhsf] ;a}
txdf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL cfjZos hfgsf/L k|bfg ug]{ nIo of]
lqmofsnfksf] /x]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
;r]t gful/sn] ljkb\sf hf]lvdaf6 cfkm"nfO{ ;'/lIft kfg{;Sb5 . ljkb\
hf]lvdsf] a'emfOn] k"j{r]tfjgL / gLlt sfof{Gjogdf ;d]t k|efjsfl/tf Nofp“b5 .
� Aojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] nflu ;r]tgf cleofg
;r]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmd Ps cGtlqm{ofTds k|lqmof xf] hxf“ hfgsf/L / 1fg
k|bfg u/]/ nlIft ;d"xsf] ljrf/, ;f]rfO / Aojxf/nfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ k|of;
ul/G5 . ;xeflutfd"ns ;r]tgf cleofg a9L k||efjsf/L x'G5 lsgeg] o;f]
ubf{ nlIft ;d'bfosf] ljrf/, ;Lldttf / cj;/x?af/] cem} glhsdf a'em\g
;lsG5 . Aojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] k|of; ubf{ s]jn ljifoj:t'nfO{ a'emfpg] sfo{ dfq
gu/]/ o;sf] ;DefAotf / sfo{;xhtfdf klg plQs} hf]8 lbOg'kb{5 .
� s;/L ug]{ <
!= pko'Qm ljkb\ ;r]tgf cleofg nfu" ug{ /fi6«nfO{ oL s'/fx?sf] cfjZostf
kb{5 .
– ;r]tgf cleofgsf] nflu lg/Gt/ ;|f]tsf] ;'lglZrttf .
– s'g ;+rf/dfWodaf6 7"nf] hg;+Vofdf kx""“r k'Ug ;Sb5 eGg] lglZrttf .
– km/s lk+9Lx?df lbuf] a'emfO lgdf{0fsf] nflu ljleGg pd]/ ;d"xsf]
;xeflutf .
– ;+rf/, Aofkf/ / dfs]{l6ª If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ AolQmx?;“u ;DaGw
lj:tf/ .
$*$&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– k|ltli7t :yfgLo clwsf/L, wfld{s / ;d'bfosf g]tf, dlxnf cu'jf
nufot ljleGg IF]qsf cu'jfx?sf] ;+nUgtf . o;f] ubf{ ;"rgf k|jfxdf
k|efjsfl/tf / ;xeflutfsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg ldNb5 .
@= ;r]tgf cleofgsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lgDg tl/sfaf6 ;xof]u
k'Ug;Sb5 .
– nlIft ;d"xnfO{ cfslif{t ug{;Sg] sfo{qmdsf] 5gf}6 . h:t} M ljBfno
z}lIfs cleofg, d]nf, kj{, wfld{s, ;fdflhs ;df/f]xx? cflb .
– cleefjsnfO{ k|efljt ug]{ p2]Zon] ljBfno pd]/sf ljBfyL{df nlIft
sfo{qmd .
– cfkm\gf sd{rf/Lx?df ;r]tgf j[l4sf] nflu lghL tyf jfl0fHo If]qnfO{
k|f]T;fxg .
– ;d'bfo:t/df sfo{zfnf / z}lIfs lqmofsnfkx? ;+rfng .
#= ;r]tgf sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt M
– :yfgLo cjwf/0ff / cfjZostfsf] :ki6tf;lxtsf] sfo{qmdsf] lgdf{0f
/ sfof{Gjog . :yfgLo cj:yf emlNsg] ;fdu|Lx?sf] k|of]u .
– ;dfhsf ;a} txsf nflu nlIft sfo{qmd . -h:t} M lg0f{ostf{x?,
lzIfsx?, Aoj;foLx?, hf]lvd ;d'bfosf gful/s cflb ._
– ljleGg vfnsf nlIft ;d"xsf nflu leGg lsl;dsf ;Gb]z, ;fdu|Lx? .
– ;kmntfsf] nflu lbuf] k|of;x? . t/ 7"nf] / lgoldt sfo{qmdsf]
lx:;fsf] ?kdf Psb'O{j6f sfo{qmdx? klg k|efjsf/L x'g;S5 . h:t} M
cGt/f{li6«o e"sDk lbj;, hnjfo' kl/jt{glj?4sf] cleofg cflb .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– /fli6«o / :yfgLo txsf ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? .
– ;+rf/dfWod, ;+rf/sdL{ / gful/s ;"rgf k|jfxsx? .
– lzIfslzlIfsf / lzIf0f;+:yfx? .
– ;d'bfosf g]tfx?, ;fj{hlgs sfo{df ;+nUg dlxnf / :yfgLo ;d"xx? .
– :yfgLo, IF]qLo, /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o u};;x? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd / nlIft ;d'bfosf] af/]df oyfy{ / kl5Nnf] hfgsf/L .
– ;/sf/L clwsf/L / ;d'bfosf g]tfx?sf] ;xeflutf .
– :yfgLo ;d'bfox?sf] ;dembf/L, :jLsfo{tf / ;xof]u .
– lbuf] sfo{qmdsf] nflu cfly{s / ef}lts ;|f]t .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
l8;]Da/ @))# df O/fgsf] blIf0f–k"jL{ If]qdf cfdljgfzsf/L e"sDk uof] .
e"sDkdf $# xhf/sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] ^) xhf/ 3/af/ljxLg aGg'k¥of] .
To;kl5 O/fgL ;/sf/n] a[xb\ ;r]tgf cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .
o;sf nflu ;a} lsl;dsf ;+rf/dfWod, kf]i6/, xf]l8{ªaf]8{ / c? ;"rgfd"ns
;fdu|Lx? k|of]udf NofOof] . ljleGg pd]/;d"xsf nflu pko'Qm x'g]vfnsf /+uLg
z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx? lgdf{0f u/]/ e"sDk / e"sDkLo ;'/Iffsf] af/]df hfgsf/L
lbOof] . ;d'bfo / ljBfno:t/df k|bz{gL, ¥ofnLx? cfof]hgf ul/of] . dlxnf
;xeflutfsf] nflu ljz]if hf]8 lbOof] .
e"sDkaf6 gful/s 1fgdf slQsf] kl/jt{g cfof] eg]/ hf“Rg ;r]tgf
cleofgsf cfof]hsx?åf/f k|ult;"rsx? to u/L k|Zgx? ;f]lwof] . ;r]tgf
cleofgkl5 pgLx?df e"sDkaf6 ;r]tgf, rf;f] / k"j{tof/Ldf pNn]Vo ;'wf/
ePsf] kfOof] .
#=@ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lzIff k|0ffnL / cg';Gwfg If]qdf;dfj]z ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ ljBfnosf
k|fyldsb]lv ljZjljBfno tx;Dd ;+nUg u/fpg] Pjd\ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
cEof;x?af/] k|fof]lus (applied) / n}+lus–;r]t (gender-sensitive)cg';GwfgnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
%)$(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– k|ltli7t :yfgLo clwsf/L, wfld{s / ;d'bfosf g]tf, dlxnf cu'jf
nufot ljleGg IF]qsf cu'jfx?sf] ;+nUgtf . o;f] ubf{ ;"rgf k|jfxdf
k|efjsfl/tf / ;xeflutfsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg ldNb5 .
@= ;r]tgf cleofgsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lgDg tl/sfaf6 ;xof]u
k'Ug;Sb5 .
– nlIft ;d"xnfO{ cfslif{t ug{;Sg] sfo{qmdsf] 5gf}6 . h:t} M ljBfno
z}lIfs cleofg, d]nf, kj{, wfld{s, ;fdflhs ;df/f]xx? cflb .
– cleefjsnfO{ k|efljt ug]{ p2]Zon] ljBfno pd]/sf ljBfyL{df nlIft
sfo{qmd .
– cfkm\gf sd{rf/Lx?df ;r]tgf j[l4sf] nflu lghL tyf jfl0fHo If]qnfO{
k|f]T;fxg .
– ;d'bfo:t/df sfo{zfnf / z}lIfs lqmofsnfkx? ;+rfng .
#= ;r]tgf sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt M
– :yfgLo cjwf/0ff / cfjZostfsf] :ki6tf;lxtsf] sfo{qmdsf] lgdf{0f
/ sfof{Gjog . :yfgLo cj:yf emlNsg] ;fdu|Lx?sf] k|of]u .
– ;dfhsf ;a} txsf nflu nlIft sfo{qmd . -h:t} M lg0f{ostf{x?,
lzIfsx?, Aoj;foLx?, hf]lvd ;d'bfosf gful/s cflb ._
– ljleGg vfnsf nlIft ;d"xsf nflu leGg lsl;dsf ;Gb]z, ;fdu|Lx? .
– ;kmntfsf] nflu lbuf] k|of;x? . t/ 7"nf] / lgoldt sfo{qmdsf]
lx:;fsf] ?kdf Psb'O{j6f sfo{qmdx? klg k|efjsf/L x'g;S5 . h:t} M
cGt/f{li6«o e"sDk lbj;, hnjfo' kl/jt{glj?4sf] cleofg cflb .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– /fli6«o / :yfgLo txsf ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? .
– ;+rf/dfWod, ;+rf/sdL{ / gful/s ;"rgf k|jfxsx? .
– lzIfslzlIfsf / lzIf0f;+:yfx? .
– ;d'bfosf g]tfx?, ;fj{hlgs sfo{df ;+nUg dlxnf / :yfgLo ;d"xx? .
– :yfgLo, IF]qLo, /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o u};;x? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd / nlIft ;d'bfosf] af/]df oyfy{ / kl5Nnf] hfgsf/L .
– ;/sf/L clwsf/L / ;d'bfosf g]tfx?sf] ;xeflutf .
– :yfgLo ;d'bfox?sf] ;dembf/L, :jLsfo{tf / ;xof]u .
– lbuf] sfo{qmdsf] nflu cfly{s / ef}lts ;|f]t .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
l8;]Da/ @))# df O/fgsf] blIf0f–k"jL{ If]qdf cfdljgfzsf/L e"sDk uof] .
e"sDkdf $# xhf/sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] ^) xhf/ 3/af/ljxLg aGg'k¥of] .
To;kl5 O/fgL ;/sf/n] a[xb\ ;r]tgf cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .
o;sf nflu ;a} lsl;dsf ;+rf/dfWod, kf]i6/, xf]l8{ªaf]8{ / c? ;"rgfd"ns
;fdu|Lx? k|of]udf NofOof] . ljleGg pd]/;d"xsf nflu pko'Qm x'g]vfnsf /+uLg
z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx? lgdf{0f u/]/ e"sDk / e"sDkLo ;'/Iffsf] af/]df hfgsf/L
lbOof] . ;d'bfo / ljBfno:t/df k|bz{gL, ¥ofnLx? cfof]hgf ul/of] . dlxnf
;xeflutfsf] nflu ljz]if hf]8 lbOof] .
e"sDkaf6 gful/s 1fgdf slQsf] kl/jt{g cfof] eg]/ hf“Rg ;r]tgf
cleofgsf cfof]hsx?åf/f k|ult;"rsx? to u/L k|Zgx? ;f]lwof] . ;r]tgf
cleofgkl5 pgLx?df e"sDkaf6 ;r]tgf, rf;f] / k"j{tof/Ldf pNn]Vo ;'wf/
ePsf] kfOof] .
#=@ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lzIff k|0ffnL / cg';Gwfg If]qdf;dfj]z ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ ljBfnosf
k|fyldsb]lv ljZjljBfno tx;Dd ;+nUg u/fpg] Pjd\ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
cEof;x?af/] k|fof]lus (applied) / n}+lus–;r]t (gender-sensitive)cg';GwfgnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
%)$(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� dxTj M
ljkb\ / k|sf]k;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ ljBdfg z}lIfs kf7\oqmddf ;dflxt
ugf{n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] lg/Gt/ l;sfO / a'emfOnfO{ ;'lglZrttf
k|bfg ub{5 . x's{+bf]+ lk+9LnfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd ;DaGwL lzIff lbOPdf of] efjL
k':tfx?;Dd klg k|jflxt eO/xG5 . k|fof]lus cg';Gwfg (Applied Research)
ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ Aojxfl/s dfWodsf] ;|f]t ePsf]n] o;sf]
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xG5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
s_ z}lIfs k|0ffnLdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg lgDg sfo{x?
pkof]uL /xG5 M
!= ljBfnosf] k|fyldstxb]lv ljZjljBfnotx;Dd ;d]6\gsf] nflu Pp6f
sfo{ bn / ljleGg ;ldltx? u7g ug]{ .
@= ;a} pd]/ ;d"xdf ljkb\ / ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ljBdfg a'emfO
d"Nof+sg ug{ ;j]{If0f ug]{ . clxn]sf] kf7\oqmddf ljkb\sf] ;jfnnfO{
s;/L / slt;Dd ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 egL ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
#= k|foM ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx? lj1fg / e"uf]ndf
dfq /flvPsf] 5 . t/ c? ljifox? h:t} Oltxf;, ;fdflhs, jftfj/0f,
:jf:Yo cflbdf klg ;+nUg u/fpg] .
$= ljkb\sf ;jfnx?nfO{ kf7\oqmdsf] ;fGble{s If]qdf cem pTs[i6 9+un]
;dflji6 ug{ lzIfs lgb]{lzsf hf/L ug]{ . o;sf nflu lzIf0f ;fdu|L
;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
%= ljkb\ hf]lvd lzIffaf/] ljBfnosf sd{rf/L / lzIfsx?nfO{ tflnd
lbg] .
^= ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL l8u|L sfo{qmdsf] ljsf;
ug{ ljZjljBfnox?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
&= ljB'tLo k|of]u / b"/lzIffsf] dfWodaf6 ;d]t ljkb\ hf]lvd lzIff
k|fKt ug{÷u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
*= ljsf;sf cEof;x?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] a'emfO / k|of]unfO{
cem} kl/is[t ug{ k|fof]lus (applied) lsl;dsf] j}1flgs, ;fdflhs–
cfly{s / k|fljlws cg';Gwfgx?df hf]8 lbg] .
(= cg';Gwfgstf{, gLltlgdf{tf / k|sf]k cEof;stf{x?df cfjZos
5nkmnsf] nflu cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ .
v_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL k|fof]lus cg';Gwfg (appliedresearch_nfO{ k|j4{g ug{ /fli6«o cg';Gwfg Ph]08fsf] ljsf; ug{;lsG5 .
h;sf] nflu ljifoljåfgx?, ;DalGwt k]zfsdL{x? / lghL If]q ;d]taLr
5nkmn ug{ ;lsG5 .
/fli6«o d+rn] applied research nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug{;Sb5 . /fli6«o d+rn] ax'ljwfut (mulit-disciplinary) cg';Gwfg Ph]08fsf]
ljsf; ug{ ;S5 . o:t} cg';Gwfgdf cjwf/0ffut sfo{;+/rgf (conceptualframework) / ljlwut ;+/rgf÷kxnsbdL lgdf{0fsf] nflu lbzflgb]{z ug{;S5 .
z}lIfs kf7\oqmd ljsf; ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? M
– s] kf7\oqmdn] :yfgLo / /fli6«o:t/sf] ljkb\ / ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{ k|ltWjlgt
u5{ < s] kf7\oqmddf /flvPsf ;fdu|Lx? :yfgLo?kdf ;fGble{s 5g\ <
-h:t} M ljkb\sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo cfofdx? ;+nUg 5 jf 5}g <_
– s] k|fylds ljBfnosf] kf7\oqmdn] 3tnfUbf] u/L hfgsf/L k|jfx u/]sf] 5 <
-h:t} M v]n, lkmN8 cWoog, gf6s cflb ljBfyL{sf ?lrs/ dfWodåf/f ._
– s] aflx/L ;DalGwt lj1 jf jQmfx?nfO{ :yfg lbOPsf] 5 < s] gof“ / k'/fgf
k':tfnfO{ Ps} 7fp“df NofO{ 5nkmn ug]{ cj;/ lbOPsf] 5 <
– s] pRrlzIff k|bfos z}lIfs;+:yfx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0faf/]
cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? /flvPsf 5g\ <
– lzIfs, ljåt ;d'bfo, k]zfsdL{nufot c? ;DalGwt ;+sfo / ljwfsf
AolQm÷;+:yfaLr ;fem]bf/L clej[l4 ug{ s] ljBdfg ;~hfnnfO{ cem
alnof] kfl/g'kb{5 <
– z}lIfs ;d'bfo / lzIfsx?sf] nflu cfjZos cfly{s, ef}lts / dfgjLo
;|f]tx? pknAw 5g\ <
%@%!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� dxTj M
ljkb\ / k|sf]k;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ ljBdfg z}lIfs kf7\oqmddf ;dflxt
ugf{n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] lg/Gt/ l;sfO / a'emfOnfO{ ;'lglZrttf
k|bfg ub{5 . x's{+bf]+ lk+9LnfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd ;DaGwL lzIff lbOPdf of] efjL
k':tfx?;Dd klg k|jflxt eO/xG5 . k|fof]lus cg';Gwfg (Applied Research)
ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ Aojxfl/s dfWodsf] ;|f]t ePsf]n] o;sf]
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xG5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
s_ z}lIfs k|0ffnLdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg lgDg sfo{x?
pkof]uL /xG5 M
!= ljBfnosf] k|fyldstxb]lv ljZjljBfnotx;Dd ;d]6\gsf] nflu Pp6f
sfo{ bn / ljleGg ;ldltx? u7g ug]{ .
@= ;a} pd]/ ;d"xdf ljkb\ / ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ljBdfg a'emfO
d"Nof+sg ug{ ;j]{If0f ug]{ . clxn]sf] kf7\oqmddf ljkb\sf] ;jfnnfO{
s;/L / slt;Dd ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 egL ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
#= k|foM ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx? lj1fg / e"uf]ndf
dfq /flvPsf] 5 . t/ c? ljifox? h:t} Oltxf;, ;fdflhs, jftfj/0f,
:jf:Yo cflbdf klg ;+nUg u/fpg] .
$= ljkb\sf ;jfnx?nfO{ kf7\oqmdsf] ;fGble{s If]qdf cem pTs[i6 9+un]
;dflji6 ug{ lzIfs lgb]{lzsf hf/L ug]{ . o;sf nflu lzIf0f ;fdu|L
;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
%= ljkb\ hf]lvd lzIffaf/] ljBfnosf sd{rf/L / lzIfsx?nfO{ tflnd
lbg] .
^= ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL l8u|L sfo{qmdsf] ljsf;
ug{ ljZjljBfnox?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
&= ljB'tLo k|of]u / b"/lzIffsf] dfWodaf6 ;d]t ljkb\ hf]lvd lzIff
k|fKt ug{÷u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
*= ljsf;sf cEof;x?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] a'emfO / k|of]unfO{
cem} kl/is[t ug{ k|fof]lus (applied) lsl;dsf] j}1flgs, ;fdflhs–
cfly{s / k|fljlws cg';Gwfgx?df hf]8 lbg] .
(= cg';Gwfgstf{, gLltlgdf{tf / k|sf]k cEof;stf{x?df cfjZos
5nkmnsf] nflu cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ .
v_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL k|fof]lus cg';Gwfg (appliedresearch_nfO{ k|j4{g ug{ /fli6«o cg';Gwfg Ph]08fsf] ljsf; ug{;lsG5 .
h;sf] nflu ljifoljåfgx?, ;DalGwt k]zfsdL{x? / lghL If]q ;d]taLr
5nkmn ug{ ;lsG5 .
/fli6«o d+rn] applied research nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug{;Sb5 . /fli6«o d+rn] ax'ljwfut (mulit-disciplinary) cg';Gwfg Ph]08fsf]
ljsf; ug{ ;S5 . o:t} cg';Gwfgdf cjwf/0ffut sfo{;+/rgf (conceptualframework) / ljlwut ;+/rgf÷kxnsbdL lgdf{0fsf] nflu lbzflgb]{z ug{;S5 .
z}lIfs kf7\oqmd ljsf; ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? M
– s] kf7\oqmdn] :yfgLo / /fli6«o:t/sf] ljkb\ / ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{ k|ltWjlgt
u5{ < s] kf7\oqmddf /flvPsf ;fdu|Lx? :yfgLo?kdf ;fGble{s 5g\ <
-h:t} M ljkb\sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo cfofdx? ;+nUg 5 jf 5}g <_
– s] k|fylds ljBfnosf] kf7\oqmdn] 3tnfUbf] u/L hfgsf/L k|jfx u/]sf] 5 <
-h:t} M v]n, lkmN8 cWoog, gf6s cflb ljBfyL{sf ?lrs/ dfWodåf/f ._
– s] aflx/L ;DalGwt lj1 jf jQmfx?nfO{ :yfg lbOPsf] 5 < s] gof“ / k'/fgf
k':tfnfO{ Ps} 7fp“df NofO{ 5nkmn ug]{ cj;/ lbOPsf] 5 <
– s] pRrlzIff k|bfos z}lIfs;+:yfx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0faf/]
cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? /flvPsf 5g\ <
– lzIfs, ljåt ;d'bfo, k]zfsdL{nufot c? ;DalGwt ;+sfo / ljwfsf
AolQm÷;+:yfaLr ;fem]bf/L clej[l4 ug{ s] ljBdfg ;~hfnnfO{ cem
alnof] kfl/g'kb{5 <
– z}lIfs ;d'bfo / lzIfsx?sf] nflu cfjZos cfly{s, ef}lts / dfgjLo
;|f]tx? pknAw 5g\ <
%@%!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ z}lIfs kf7\oqmddf ;dflji6 ug{ s] :yfgLo
/ /fli6«o:t/sf gLltlgdf{tfx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/Psf] 5 <
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– lzIf0f / lzIf0f If]qsf k]zfsdL{x? .
– lzIff dGqfnosf k|ltlglw / pRrlzIffsf gLlt lgdf{tfx? .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg lj1x? .
– cg';Gwfg ;d'bfosf k|ltlglw / ljåfgx? .
– ljBfyL{ / cleefjs ;+3 ;+u7gx? .
– o'jf / ljBfyL{ .
– lghL / ;fj{hlgs If]qx? .
– u};; / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u / /fhg}lts k|lta4tf .
– cfly{s / dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg .
– ;fGble{s z}Ifl0fs lgsfox?sf] ;+nUgtf / k|lta4tf .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
So'af ljkb\sf] b[li6sf]0fn] cfqmfGt d'n's xf] . af9L, rqmjft, t'kmfg k|d'v
k|sf]kx? x'g\ . So'afn] ljljwvfn] ljBfno sfo{qmdx?sf] ;xof]udf ljkb\ hf]lvd
;DaGwL ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ /0fgLlt agfPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu cltl/Qm
lqmofsnfk, lzIfs–/lxt lqmofsnfk, ;f+:s[lts tflndx?sf] ;xfotf lnOof] .
ljBfnos]Gb|Lt oL sfo{qmdx?aLr xf]nu'Og k|fGtdf !$ j6f gu/kflnsfsf
gd"gf ljBfnox?df "A Preparonos" -g]kfnLdf– nf} ca tof/ /xf}+ _ gfdsf]
kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ul/of] . o; kl/of]hgfdfkm{t ljBfno / ;d'bfoaLr ;DaGw
lj:tf/ u/L ljkb\;DaGwL ;jfnx?af/] cf}krf/s÷cgf}krfl/s sfo{qmdx?
sfof{Gjog ul/of] . :yfgLo jftfj/0f, ljBdfg ;d:of, ;dfwfgsf pkfodf
s]Gb|Lt /xL w]/} k|sf/sf tl/sfx? cjnDag ul/of] . oL ;a} sfo{qmdx?df
;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf /x]klg k|d'v e"ldsf eg] ljBfyL{x?n] g} lgjf{x u/]sf lyP .
#=# ;fGble{s k|d'v If]qx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] tflnd
ljsf; ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ;fGble{s k|d'v If]qx?sf] nflu tflnd k|bfg u/]/ ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ tL If]qx?df ;dflxt ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . o;n]
gLlt lgdf{tfx?, ljsf; cEof;stf{x? / k|sf]k Aoj:yfksx?sf] 1fg / bIftf
ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
cf}krfl/s tflnd sfo{qmdx?n] k|0ffnLut?kdf ljsf;sf dxTjk"0f{ If]qdf
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflxt ub{5 . tflnd lqmofsnfkn] hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fdf ;gftg 1fg, k/Dk/fut cEof;, ;f+:s[lts / n}+lus kIfaf/]
a'em\g] cj;/ klg k|bfg ub{5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M!= :yfgLo / /fli6«o:t/sf] k|sf]k Go"gLs/0f cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t /xL
tflnddf ;+nUg u/fpg'kg]{ k|d'v If]qx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .@= tflnddf of]ubfg lbg;Sg] jf tflndaf6 nfe k|fKt ug{;Sg] dlxnf /
;fd'bflos ;d"x, k]zfut ;+3;+:yf, Aofkfl/s ;+u7gx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .#= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL lbuf] 1fg / bIftf k|j4{g ug]{ x]t'n] tflnd
k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ dfkb08 jf k|0ffnLsf] klxrfg, ;'b[9Ls/0f / ljsf; ug]{ .$= /fli6«o tflnd sfo{qmdx? / tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] ljsf;, ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{
Pjd\ nufgL clej[l4 ug]{ .%= :yfgLotj/d} tflnd ;fdu|Lx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ . o;sf] nflu dlxnf jf
;fd'bflos ;d"xx?l;t 5nkmn u/]/ ljBdfg l/Qmtfx?, :yfgLo ;|f]tx?sf]af/]df hfgsf/L lng] . ;Gbe{ ;'xfp“bf] / n}+lus–;r]t tflnd ;fdu|Lx?sf]lgdf{0f ug]{ . o;nfO{ ;xh} / a[xt?kdf pknAw u/fpg] .
^= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL pknAw c? tflndx?sf] af/]df a'em\g
Pjd\ cg'ej ;f6f;f6 ug{ ;"rgf s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
%$%#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ z}lIfs kf7\oqmddf ;dflji6 ug{ s] :yfgLo
/ /fli6«o:t/sf gLltlgdf{tfx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/Psf] 5 <
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– lzIf0f / lzIf0f If]qsf k]zfsdL{x? .
– lzIff dGqfnosf k|ltlglw / pRrlzIffsf gLlt lgdf{tfx? .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg lj1x? .
– cg';Gwfg ;d'bfosf k|ltlglw / ljåfgx? .
– ljBfyL{ / cleefjs ;+3 ;+u7gx? .
– o'jf / ljBfyL{ .
– lghL / ;fj{hlgs If]qx? .
– u};; / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u / /fhg}lts k|lta4tf .
– cfly{s / dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg .
– ;fGble{s z}Ifl0fs lgsfox?sf] ;+nUgtf / k|lta4tf .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
So'af ljkb\sf] b[li6sf]0fn] cfqmfGt d'n's xf] . af9L, rqmjft, t'kmfg k|d'v
k|sf]kx? x'g\ . So'afn] ljljwvfn] ljBfno sfo{qmdx?sf] ;xof]udf ljkb\ hf]lvd
;DaGwL ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ /0fgLlt agfPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu cltl/Qm
lqmofsnfk, lzIfs–/lxt lqmofsnfk, ;f+:s[lts tflndx?sf] ;xfotf lnOof] .
ljBfnos]Gb|Lt oL sfo{qmdx?aLr xf]nu'Og k|fGtdf !$ j6f gu/kflnsfsf
gd"gf ljBfnox?df "A Preparonos" -g]kfnLdf– nf} ca tof/ /xf}+ _ gfdsf]
kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ul/of] . o; kl/of]hgfdfkm{t ljBfno / ;d'bfoaLr ;DaGw
lj:tf/ u/L ljkb\;DaGwL ;jfnx?af/] cf}krf/s÷cgf}krfl/s sfo{qmdx?
sfof{Gjog ul/of] . :yfgLo jftfj/0f, ljBdfg ;d:of, ;dfwfgsf pkfodf
s]Gb|Lt /xL w]/} k|sf/sf tl/sfx? cjnDag ul/of] . oL ;a} sfo{qmdx?df
;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf /x]klg k|d'v e"ldsf eg] ljBfyL{x?n] g} lgjf{x u/]sf lyP .
#=# ;fGble{s k|d'v If]qx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] tflnd
ljsf; ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ;fGble{s k|d'v If]qx?sf] nflu tflnd k|bfg u/]/ ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ tL If]qx?df ;dflxt ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . o;n]
gLlt lgdf{tfx?, ljsf; cEof;stf{x? / k|sf]k Aoj:yfksx?sf] 1fg / bIftf
ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
cf}krfl/s tflnd sfo{qmdx?n] k|0ffnLut?kdf ljsf;sf dxTjk"0f{ If]qdf
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflxt ub{5 . tflnd lqmofsnfkn] hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fdf ;gftg 1fg, k/Dk/fut cEof;, ;f+:s[lts / n}+lus kIfaf/]
a'em\g] cj;/ klg k|bfg ub{5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M!= :yfgLo / /fli6«o:t/sf] k|sf]k Go"gLs/0f cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t /xL
tflnddf ;+nUg u/fpg'kg]{ k|d'v If]qx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .@= tflnddf of]ubfg lbg;Sg] jf tflndaf6 nfe k|fKt ug{;Sg] dlxnf /
;fd'bflos ;d"x, k]zfut ;+3;+:yf, Aofkfl/s ;+u7gx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .#= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL lbuf] 1fg / bIftf k|j4{g ug]{ x]t'n] tflnd
k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ dfkb08 jf k|0ffnLsf] klxrfg, ;'b[9Ls/0f / ljsf; ug]{ .$= /fli6«o tflnd sfo{qmdx? / tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] ljsf;, ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{
Pjd\ nufgL clej[l4 ug]{ .%= :yfgLotj/d} tflnd ;fdu|Lx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ . o;sf] nflu dlxnf jf
;fd'bflos ;d"xx?l;t 5nkmn u/]/ ljBdfg l/Qmtfx?, :yfgLo ;|f]tx?sf]af/]df hfgsf/L lng] . ;Gbe{ ;'xfp“bf] / n}+lus–;r]t tflnd ;fdu|Lx?sf]lgdf{0f ug]{ . o;nfO{ ;xh} / a[xt?kdf pknAw u/fpg] .
^= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL pknAw c? tflndx?sf] af/]df a'em\g
Pjd\ cg'ej ;f6f;f6 ug{ ;"rgf s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
%$%#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� tflnd sfo{qmd ljsf; ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? M
– tflndsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ lg/Gt/ / lbuf]?kdf ;+nUg u/fpg s:tf vfn]
k|f]T;fxg lbg ;lsG5 < s] ;xeflutf k|df0fLs/0f jf c? ;]dLgf/,
sfo{zfnfdf ;xeflutf jf ;~hfn lgdf{0fsf cj;/x? 5g\ <
– tflndaf6 k|fKt 1fgnfO{ cem a9L km}nfpg :yfgLo:t/df s] z}lIfs s]Gb|
jf ;'ljwfx? 5g\ <
– tflnddf k|fKt bIftf / 1fgsf] k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 jf lal;{O;lsPsf] t 5}g
eGg] yfxf kfpg s] cg'udg sfo{qmdx? 5g\ <
– tflndsf] ;xhstf{sf] ?kdf s] k'?if / dlxnf b'j} ;+nUg 5g\ <
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– tflndnlIft ;d"xsf] nflu sfo{/t cEof;stf{x? .
– tflnd k|lzIfs / ;xhstf{x? .
– ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgsf clwsf/Lx? .
– ljkb\, ljsf; / n}+lus ;jfnsf lj1x? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– tflnd sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf / ;+rfng ug{ ;Ifd /fli6«o Ifdtf .
– gjLgtd tflnd sfo{qmdx? lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos dfgjLo, cfly{s /
ef}lts ;|f]t . oL sfo{qmdx?sf] :yfloTjsf] nflu pko'Qm ;xof]u / Aoj:yf .
– ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+u7g / ;+u7g k|d'vsf] ;xof]u .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
6sL{sf] pd|lgP lhNnfdf ljkb\ k"j{tof/L tflndsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
z'?df bzhgf :yfgLo dlxnfx?sf] 5gf}6 ul/of] . pgLx?nfO{ ;d'bfodf cfwf/e"t
k"j{tof/L Ifdtf j[l4 ug{ k|lzlIft t'NofOof] . tL k|To]s bzhgfn] !)!% 3/w'/Ldf
tflndsf] 1fg k|jflxt u/] . o;afx]s pgLx?n] dflg;x? hd36 x'g] 7fp“ h:t}
ljBfno, :jf:Yo s]Gb|, rf}tf/Lx?df *$ j6f 5nkmn sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng u/] .
sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] d"Nof+sg ug{ 6]lnkmf]gaf6 ;j]{If0f ul/of] . ;f]
;j]{If0fdf tL 3/w'/Lx?df ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf] /fd|f] 1fg k|fKt ePsf] kfOof] .
g]kfndf klg e"sDk k|ljlw ;dfh g]kfn (N-SET)n] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf
e"sDk hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg kl/of]hgf cGtu{t ‘;'/lIft lgdf{0f’sf] ljifodf
OlGhlgol/ªsf Ps;ohgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ u|LidsfnLg tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]
tflndaf6 ljBfyL{x?n] ;'/lIft ejg lgdf{0f / e"sDkLo hf]lvdaf/] yk k|lzlIft
x'g] df}sf kfPsf lyP .
#=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;"rgfsf] ;+sng, k|jfx / k|of]unfO{
clej[l4 ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] k|fs[lts k|sf]k, k|sf]k Aoj:yfkg / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
;DaGwL hfgsf/L / ;"rgfsf] klxrfg, ;+u|x / k|jfxdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] p2]Zo
/fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\, ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, k|sf]k Aoj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;"rgf /
hfgsf/Lx? ef}uf]lns / ljwfut?kdf af“l8Psf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fdf
cGt/–;DalGwt If]qx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf rfx]h:tf] x'g;s]sf] 5}g / cGttM
nlIft ;d'bfox? cfjZos 1fgaf6 al~rt x'gk'u]sf 5g\ . t;y{ ;"rgf, hfgsf/L
/ 1fgx?sf] klxrfg / ;+of]hg u/L hf]lvddf /x]sf] gful/sx?;Dd k'¥ofpg' of]
lqmofsnfksf] Wo]o xf] .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= a[xt ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; ug]{ . nlIft ;d"x;Dd k'Ug
g;s]sf ;"rgfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
@= ;"rgf ;+sng, ;+of]hg, k|jfx / k|of]u ug{;Sg] ;/sf/L, lghL, gful/s
;dfh, k|fl1s ;d'bfox?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . logLx?sf] ;+nUgtf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
#= ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ / ug{;lsg] ljBdfg ;"rgfx?sf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ .
$= ;"rgfsf] ;+sng, k|of]u / ljZn]if0fnfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd n}+lus–;r]t
agfpg] . n}+lus–;r]t ;"rgfsf] pTkfbg, ;+sng / k|of]udf ;xof]u ug]{ .
%^%%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� tflnd sfo{qmd ljsf; ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? M
– tflndsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ lg/Gt/ / lbuf]?kdf ;+nUg u/fpg s:tf vfn]
k|f]T;fxg lbg ;lsG5 < s] ;xeflutf k|df0fLs/0f jf c? ;]dLgf/,
sfo{zfnfdf ;xeflutf jf ;~hfn lgdf{0fsf cj;/x? 5g\ <
– tflndaf6 k|fKt 1fgnfO{ cem a9L km}nfpg :yfgLo:t/df s] z}lIfs s]Gb|
jf ;'ljwfx? 5g\ <
– tflnddf k|fKt bIftf / 1fgsf] k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 jf lal;{O;lsPsf] t 5}g
eGg] yfxf kfpg s] cg'udg sfo{qmdx? 5g\ <
– tflndsf] ;xhstf{sf] ?kdf s] k'?if / dlxnf b'j} ;+nUg 5g\ <
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– tflndnlIft ;d"xsf] nflu sfo{/t cEof;stf{x? .
– tflnd k|lzIfs / ;xhstf{x? .
– ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgsf clwsf/Lx? .
– ljkb\, ljsf; / n}+lus ;jfnsf lj1x? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– tflnd sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf / ;+rfng ug{ ;Ifd /fli6«o Ifdtf .
– gjLgtd tflnd sfo{qmdx? lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos dfgjLo, cfly{s /
ef}lts ;|f]t . oL sfo{qmdx?sf] :yfloTjsf] nflu pko'Qm ;xof]u / Aoj:yf .
– ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+u7g / ;+u7g k|d'vsf] ;xof]u .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
6sL{sf] pd|lgP lhNnfdf ljkb\ k"j{tof/L tflndsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
z'?df bzhgf :yfgLo dlxnfx?sf] 5gf}6 ul/of] . pgLx?nfO{ ;d'bfodf cfwf/e"t
k"j{tof/L Ifdtf j[l4 ug{ k|lzlIft t'NofOof] . tL k|To]s bzhgfn] !)!% 3/w'/Ldf
tflndsf] 1fg k|jflxt u/] . o;afx]s pgLx?n] dflg;x? hd36 x'g] 7fp“ h:t}
ljBfno, :jf:Yo s]Gb|, rf}tf/Lx?df *$ j6f 5nkmn sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng u/] .
sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] d"Nof+sg ug{ 6]lnkmf]gaf6 ;j]{If0f ul/of] . ;f]
;j]{If0fdf tL 3/w'/Lx?df ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf] /fd|f] 1fg k|fKt ePsf] kfOof] .
g]kfndf klg e"sDk k|ljlw ;dfh g]kfn (N-SET)n] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf
e"sDk hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg kl/of]hgf cGtu{t ‘;'/lIft lgdf{0f’sf] ljifodf
OlGhlgol/ªsf Ps;ohgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ u|LidsfnLg tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]
tflndaf6 ljBfyL{x?n] ;'/lIft ejg lgdf{0f / e"sDkLo hf]lvdaf/] yk k|lzlIft
x'g] df}sf kfPsf lyP .
#=$ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;"rgfsf] ;+sng, k|jfx / k|of]unfO{
clej[l4 ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] k|fs[lts k|sf]k, k|sf]k Aoj:yfkg / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
;DaGwL hfgsf/L / ;"rgfsf] klxrfg, ;+u|x / k|jfxdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] p2]Zo
/fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\, ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, k|sf]k Aoj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;"rgf /
hfgsf/Lx? ef}uf]lns / ljwfut?kdf af“l8Psf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fdf
cGt/–;DalGwt If]qx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf rfx]h:tf] x'g;s]sf] 5}g / cGttM
nlIft ;d'bfox? cfjZos 1fgaf6 al~rt x'gk'u]sf 5g\ . t;y{ ;"rgf, hfgsf/L
/ 1fgx?sf] klxrfg / ;+of]hg u/L hf]lvddf /x]sf] gful/sx?;Dd k'¥ofpg' of]
lqmofsnfksf] Wo]o xf] .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= a[xt ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; ug]{ . nlIft ;d"x;Dd k'Ug
g;s]sf ;"rgfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
@= ;"rgf ;+sng, ;+of]hg, k|jfx / k|of]u ug{;Sg] ;/sf/L, lghL, gful/s
;dfh, k|fl1s ;d'bfox?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . logLx?sf] ;+nUgtf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
#= ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ / ug{;lsg] ljBdfg ;"rgfx?sf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ .
$= ;"rgfsf] ;+sng, k|of]u / ljZn]if0fnfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd n}+lus–;r]t
agfpg] . n}+lus–;r]t ;"rgfsf] pTkfbg, ;+sng / k|of]udf ;xof]u ug]{ .
%^%%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
%= ljleGg k|sf/sf nlIft ;d'bfonfO{ ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ pko'Qm dfWodsf]
5gf}6 ug]{ .
^= ljBdfg ax'ljwfut (multi-disciplinary) ;fem]bf/x?aLr ;"rgf
cfbfgk|bfg ;'b[9 ug]{ .
&= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu /fli6«o / :yfgLo ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{
jf ;'b[9 ug]{ . l5d]sL /fi6«x?sf] jf If]qLo ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg s]Gb|sf]
;'ljwfnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ .
� Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/f M
– :yfgLo / /fli6«o txdf /x]sf k|fylds ;"rgfsf ;|f]tx? s] s] x'g\ < s'g
;+/rgfdf tL pknAw 5g\ <
– s] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfon] ;"rgfx? ;xh / :jtGq?kn] k|fKt ug{;s]sf 5g\ <
– s] ljBdfg ;"rgfsf dfWodx? -h:t} j]a;fO6_ sf] k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 <
– s] ;"rgfx? pko'Qm efiffdf 5g\ < s] Tof] nlIft ;d"xsf] ;f+:s[lts /
z}lIfs k[i7e"ld, of]Uotf, pd]/, Ifdtf, ln·;“u ;fGble{s 5 <
– ljkb\ ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx?df Pp6} vfnsf] :t/Ls[t zAbfjnLx?
(standardized terminology) k|of]u ug]{ s'g} gLlt 5 < s] tL zAbfjnLx?
;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] a'em\b5g\ <
– s] ;+rf/sf AolQmut dfWodx? -6]lnkmf]g, km\ofS; jf ;d'bfodf pknAw
;fwgx?_ nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;"rgf k|jfxdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 <
� pQ/bfloTj / >f]t M
– ;a} txsf] ;/sf/ .
– dlxnf ;Ghfnx?;lxtsf] ;fd'bflos ;d"x . lghL If]q, ljz]ifu/L ;+rf/ .
– k|fl1s ;+:yfx?, ljZjljBfno cg';Gwfg s]Gb| .
– cg';Gwfg / gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg ;+u7gx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;fGble{s ;"rgfx?sf] :ki6 a'emfO / To;sf] p2]Zoaf/] 1fg .
– ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug{df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] pT;fx .
– ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx? ;+sng÷k|jfx ug{ kof{Kt / pko'Qm k|ljlw .
– ;"rgfx? k|of]u ug{ cfjZos k|fljlws Ifdtf / bIftf .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL k9fO x'g] clk|msfsf ljZjljBfnox?
ldn]/ ;g\ @))% df The University Network For Disaster Risk
Reduction (UNeDRA) u7g ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] Pscfk;aLr ;"rgf
cfbfgk|bfg, Ifdtf clej[l4 / ;xsfo{k"0f{ cg';GwfgnfO{ k|j4{g u/]sf] 5 .
UNeDRA n] clk|msg ljZjljBfnox?aLr ef}ule{s ;"rgf ;+hfn s]Gb|
lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 eg] ;a–;xf/f clk|msfsf] k|sf]k clen]v klg lgdf{0f u/]sf]
5 . o;n] k|fWofks, ljBfyL{, k|fljlwsx?sf] nflu k|of]ufTds sf];{x? tof/
ub{5 . ;fy} jflif{s?kdf a}7s a;L ;"rgfx? cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf #
ljkb\sf] k"j{tof/L ug{, ljkb\ 6fg{ / k|ltsfo{ ug{ xfd|f] ;d'bfo slt
;';"lrt 5 <
;"rgf Aoj:yfkg / cfbfgk|bfg M:yfgLo k|sf]k / ;Defljt ljkb\sf] k|d'v
hfgsf/Lx? xfd|f] ;d'bfodf slt k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;Dk|]lift ul/Psf] 5 <
cf}krfl/s lzIff M ljkb\af6 s;/L aRg] / ;fdgf ug]{ eGg]af/]df s] :yfgLo
o'jfx?n] ljBfno / sn]haf6 l;ls/x]sf 5g\ <
;fj{hlgs ;r]tgf / a'emfO M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfon] ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ ug{sf nflu
k|sf]ksf] ;Defljt hf]lvdaf/] kof{Kt 1fg xfl;n u/]sf 5g\ <
cgf}krfl/s lzIff M k|sf]ksf] c;/af6 hf]lug] Aojxfl/s pkfox?sf] af/]df
l;sfpg s] ;d'bfodf ;fj{hlgs ;r]tgf cleofgx? rnfOPsf 5g\ <
ljBfno ;'/Iff M s] ;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\gf If]qsf ljBfno ejgx? s'g xb;Dd
;'/lIft 5g\ eGg]af/]df 1fg 5 < k|sf]ksf] c;/af6 gof“ / k'/fgf]
ljBfnox?nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg cfjZos Aojxfl/s sbdx?sf] af/]df s]
;d'bfonfO{ hfgsf/L 5 <%*%&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
%= ljleGg k|sf/sf nlIft ;d'bfonfO{ ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ pko'Qm dfWodsf]
5gf}6 ug]{ .
^= ljBdfg ax'ljwfut (multi-disciplinary) ;fem]bf/x?aLr ;"rgf
cfbfgk|bfg ;'b[9 ug]{ .
&= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu /fli6«o / :yfgLo ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{
jf ;'b[9 ug]{ . l5d]sL /fi6«x?sf] jf If]qLo ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg s]Gb|sf]
;'ljwfnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ .
� Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/f M
– :yfgLo / /fli6«o txdf /x]sf k|fylds ;"rgfsf ;|f]tx? s] s] x'g\ < s'g
;+/rgfdf tL pknAw 5g\ <
– s] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfon] ;"rgfx? ;xh / :jtGq?kn] k|fKt ug{;s]sf 5g\ <
– s] ljBdfg ;"rgfsf dfWodx? -h:t} j]a;fO6_ sf] k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 <
– s] ;"rgfx? pko'Qm efiffdf 5g\ < s] Tof] nlIft ;d"xsf] ;f+:s[lts /
z}lIfs k[i7e"ld, of]Uotf, pd]/, Ifdtf, ln·;“u ;fGble{s 5 <
– ljkb\ ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx?df Pp6} vfnsf] :t/Ls[t zAbfjnLx?
(standardized terminology) k|of]u ug]{ s'g} gLlt 5 < s] tL zAbfjnLx?
;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] a'em\b5g\ <
– s] ;+rf/sf AolQmut dfWodx? -6]lnkmf]g, km\ofS; jf ;d'bfodf pknAw
;fwgx?_ nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;"rgf k|jfxdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 <
� pQ/bfloTj / >f]t M
– ;a} txsf] ;/sf/ .
– dlxnf ;Ghfnx?;lxtsf] ;fd'bflos ;d"x . lghL If]q, ljz]ifu/L ;+rf/ .
– k|fl1s ;+:yfx?, ljZjljBfno cg';Gwfg s]Gb| .
– cg';Gwfg / gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg ;+u7gx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;fGble{s ;"rgfx?sf] :ki6 a'emfO / To;sf] p2]Zoaf/] 1fg .
– ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug{df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] pT;fx .
– ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx? ;+sng÷k|jfx ug{ kof{Kt / pko'Qm k|ljlw .
– ;"rgfx? k|of]u ug{ cfjZos k|fljlws Ifdtf / bIftf .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL k9fO x'g] clk|msfsf ljZjljBfnox?
ldn]/ ;g\ @))% df The University Network For Disaster Risk
Reduction (UNeDRA) u7g ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] Pscfk;aLr ;"rgf
cfbfgk|bfg, Ifdtf clej[l4 / ;xsfo{k"0f{ cg';GwfgnfO{ k|j4{g u/]sf] 5 .
UNeDRA n] clk|msg ljZjljBfnox?aLr ef}ule{s ;"rgf ;+hfn s]Gb|
lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 eg] ;a–;xf/f clk|msfsf] k|sf]k clen]v klg lgdf{0f u/]sf]
5 . o;n] k|fWofks, ljBfyL{, k|fljlwsx?sf] nflu k|of]ufTds sf];{x? tof/
ub{5 . ;fy} jflif{s?kdf a}7s a;L ;"rgfx? cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf #
ljkb\sf] k"j{tof/L ug{, ljkb\ 6fg{ / k|ltsfo{ ug{ xfd|f] ;d'bfo slt
;';"lrt 5 <
;"rgf Aoj:yfkg / cfbfgk|bfg M:yfgLo k|sf]k / ;Defljt ljkb\sf] k|d'v
hfgsf/Lx? xfd|f] ;d'bfodf slt k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;Dk|]lift ul/Psf] 5 <
cf}krfl/s lzIff M ljkb\af6 s;/L aRg] / ;fdgf ug]{ eGg]af/]df s] :yfgLo
o'jfx?n] ljBfno / sn]haf6 l;ls/x]sf 5g\ <
;fj{hlgs ;r]tgf / a'emfO M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfon] ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ ug{sf nflu
k|sf]ksf] ;Defljt hf]lvdaf/] kof{Kt 1fg xfl;n u/]sf 5g\ <
cgf}krfl/s lzIff M k|sf]ksf] c;/af6 hf]lug] Aojxfl/s pkfox?sf] af/]df
l;sfpg s] ;d'bfodf ;fj{hlgs ;r]tgf cleofgx? rnfOPsf 5g\ <
ljBfno ;'/Iff M s] ;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\gf If]qsf ljBfno ejgx? s'g xb;Dd
;'/lIft 5g\ eGg]af/]df 1fg 5 < k|sf]ksf] c;/af6 gof“ / k'/fgf]
ljBfnox?nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg cfjZos Aojxfl/s sbdx?sf] af/]df s]
;d'bfonfO{ hfgsf/L 5 <%*%&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – # cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ $
hf]lvdsf cGtlgxL{t tTjx?nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ $ n] kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL (ecosystem), e"–pkof]u /
k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf] k|of]u / Aoj:yfkgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] 5 . of] k|fyldstfsf]
sfo{n] pTyfgzLntf j[l4 ug{ vfB ;'/IffnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{, :jf:Yo If]qdf ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflxt ug]{, ;'/lIft c:ktfn lgdf{0f ug]{df hf]8
lbPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} cfo;|f]tsf] ljljlws/0f, cfly{s hf]lvd af“8kmf“8
;+oGqsf] ljsf;, lghL–;fj{hlgs If]q;“usf] ;fem]bf/L cflbdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ $ ug{ lgDg sfo{x? cjnDag ug{ ;lsG5 M
$=! jftfj/0f M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf jftfj/0fLo / k|fs[lts ;|f]t
Aoj:yfkgnfO{ ;dflxt ug]{ .
$=@ ;fdflhs cfjZostf M ljkGg / ;+s6f;Gg hg;+Vofdf pTyfgzLntf j[l4
ug{ ;+oGq :yfkgf ug]{ .
$=# ef}lts of]hgf M zx/L / e"–pkof]u of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
;dflxt ug]{ dfWodx? :yfkgf ug]{ .
$=$ ;+/rgf M ejg ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ ug{ / dxTjk"0f{ :yfgx?sf] ;'/Iff ug{
;zQm ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug]{ .
$=% pTkfbg / ;]jf If]qdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfknfO{ pTk|]l/t
ug]{ .
$=^ ljlQo÷cfly{s IF]q M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtfsf]
cj;/ ;[hgf ug]{ .
$=& ljkb\ k'gnf{e M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;lxtsf] k'gnf{e of]hgf k|lqmofsf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
k|ult;"rsx? M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tTjsf] ?kdf jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f, k|fs[lts ;|f]t
Aoj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gLltx?sf] ;+nUgtf .
– ljkGg hg;+Vofsf] ;+s6f;Ggtf Go"gLs/0f ug{ ljlzi6 gLlt / of]hgfx?sf]
sfof{Gjog .
– e"–pkof]u ljsf; of]hgf / If]q Pjd\ lgdf{0f ;+lxtfsf] ljsf; .
– ljBfno, :jf:Yo If]q / dxTjk"0f{ k"jf{wf/x?nfO{ k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 hf]ufpg
bL3{sfnLg /fli6«o sfo{qmd .
– 7"nf k"jf{wf/ kl/of]hgfsf] k|:tfjgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd k|efj lgwf{/0f ug]{
Aoj:yf .
$=! jftfj/0f M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf jftfj/0fLo / k|fs[lts
;|f]t Aoj:yfkgnfO{ ;dflxt ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] u}/lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ k|of]unfO{ Go"gLs/0f
ug{ /0fgLlt / ljlzi6 sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
:j:y jftfj/0fn] ;d'bfosf] ljkb\ pTyfgzLntf j[l4 ug{ b'O{ tl/sfn]
;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 . klxnf] t k|fs[lts / dfgjLo?kn] l;lh{t k|sf]ksf] c;/nfO{
Go"gLs/0f u5{ . bf]>f] k|fs[lts?kd} k|sf]khGo 36gfx?nfO{ cNkLs/0f ub{5 .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkgsf] u7hf]8n] w]/} /fd|f
glthfx? lgsfNb5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu o;n] ;dfgfGt/ sfo{qmd /
lqmofsnfkx?df nfUg] vr{ 36fp“b5 . cGt/f{li6«o ljlQo ;+:yfx? -h:t} ljZj
a}+s_ / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf lgsfox?n] klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f Pjd\
k|fs[lts / jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0faLrsf] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ dxTj lbPsf] 5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkgdf ;dflxt ug{ lgDg sfo{x?
ug{ ;lsG5 M
^)%(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ $
hf]lvdsf cGtlgxL{t tTjx?nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ $ n] kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL (ecosystem), e"–pkof]u /
k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf] k|of]u / Aoj:yfkgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] 5 . of] k|fyldstfsf]
sfo{n] pTyfgzLntf j[l4 ug{ vfB ;'/IffnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{, :jf:Yo If]qdf ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflxt ug]{, ;'/lIft c:ktfn lgdf{0f ug]{df hf]8
lbPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} cfo;|f]tsf] ljljlws/0f, cfly{s hf]lvd af“8kmf“8
;+oGqsf] ljsf;, lghL–;fj{hlgs If]q;“usf] ;fem]bf/L cflbdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ $ ug{ lgDg sfo{x? cjnDag ug{ ;lsG5 M
$=! jftfj/0f M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf jftfj/0fLo / k|fs[lts ;|f]t
Aoj:yfkgnfO{ ;dflxt ug]{ .
$=@ ;fdflhs cfjZostf M ljkGg / ;+s6f;Gg hg;+Vofdf pTyfgzLntf j[l4
ug{ ;+oGq :yfkgf ug]{ .
$=# ef}lts of]hgf M zx/L / e"–pkof]u of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
;dflxt ug]{ dfWodx? :yfkgf ug]{ .
$=$ ;+/rgf M ejg ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ ug{ / dxTjk"0f{ :yfgx?sf] ;'/Iff ug{
;zQm ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug]{ .
$=% pTkfbg / ;]jf If]qdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfknfO{ pTk|]l/t
ug]{ .
$=^ ljlQo÷cfly{s IF]q M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtfsf]
cj;/ ;[hgf ug]{ .
$=& ljkb\ k'gnf{e M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;lxtsf] k'gnf{e of]hgf k|lqmofsf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
k|ult;"rsx? M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tTjsf] ?kdf jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f, k|fs[lts ;|f]t
Aoj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gLltx?sf] ;+nUgtf .
– ljkGg hg;+Vofsf] ;+s6f;Ggtf Go"gLs/0f ug{ ljlzi6 gLlt / of]hgfx?sf]
sfof{Gjog .
– e"–pkof]u ljsf; of]hgf / If]q Pjd\ lgdf{0f ;+lxtfsf] ljsf; .
– ljBfno, :jf:Yo If]q / dxTjk"0f{ k"jf{wf/x?nfO{ k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 hf]ufpg
bL3{sfnLg /fli6«o sfo{qmd .
– 7"nf k"jf{wf/ kl/of]hgfsf] k|:tfjgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd k|efj lgwf{/0f ug]{
Aoj:yf .
$=! jftfj/0f M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf jftfj/0fLo / k|fs[lts
;|f]t Aoj:yfkgnfO{ ;dflxt ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] u}/lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ k|of]unfO{ Go"gLs/0f
ug{ /0fgLlt / ljlzi6 sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
:j:y jftfj/0fn] ;d'bfosf] ljkb\ pTyfgzLntf j[l4 ug{ b'O{ tl/sfn]
;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 . klxnf] t k|fs[lts / dfgjLo?kn] l;lh{t k|sf]ksf] c;/nfO{
Go"gLs/0f u5{ . bf]>f] k|fs[lts?kd} k|sf]khGo 36gfx?nfO{ cNkLs/0f ub{5 .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkgsf] u7hf]8n] w]/} /fd|f
glthfx? lgsfNb5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu o;n] ;dfgfGt/ sfo{qmd /
lqmofsnfkx?df nfUg] vr{ 36fp“b5 . cGt/f{li6«o ljlQo ;+:yfx? -h:t} ljZj
a}+s_ / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf lgsfox?n] klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f Pjd\
k|fs[lts / jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0faLrsf] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ dxTj lbPsf] 5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkgdf ;dflxt ug{ lgDg sfo{x?
ug{ ;lsG5 M
^)%(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
!= sfo{ bn agfpg] . sfo{ bndf lgDg If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] M
– jftfj/0f dGqfno .
– /fli6«o?kdf lqmofzLn d'Vo jftfj/0fLo ;d"x .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lj1x? .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o d+r .
– ;fd'bflos ;+u7gx?, dlxnf tyf cflbjf;L ;d"xx? .
@= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0fLo ;+hfnsf ;b:ox?nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df
Nofpg] ;+oGq agfpg] jf algagfp ;+oGqnfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] .
#= jftfj/0f / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL ljBdfg lqmofsnfk /
sfo{qmdx?aLr ;xsfo{ a9fpg] of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ . Pscsf{;“u ;fx|} ldNbf]
If]qx?af6 sfd z'? ug]{ . h:tM v8]/L / d?e"lds/0f sd ug]{, af9L
/f]syfd cflb sfo{qmdx? .
$= /fli6«o, låkIfLo, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g / ;xdlt cg';f/sf] k|ltj]bg
tof/ ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] x]t'n] tYof+s cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
%= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DaGwL dfkb08x?sf] ;+o'Qm
d"Nof+sg ug{ ;+:yfut ;+oGq tof/ ug]{ .
^= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / lbuf] jftfj/0fLo cEof;nfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ;+o'Qm
tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
&= Ps};fy ljkb\ hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ / kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLnfO{
k|j4{g ug]{ ;+o'Qm lqmofsnfk / sfo{qmdx?sf] of]hgf agfpg], cfly{s ;|f]t
vf]Hg] . pbfx/0fsf] nflu v8]/L / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ;+s6f;Ggtf
Go"gLs/0f ug{ k|lt/f]wfTds aLp ljt/0f ug]{ .
*= ;+o'Qm?kdf sfo{ ug{ ;lsg] IF]qx? klxrfg u/L /0fg}lts b:tfj]h tof/
ug]{ . /0fgLltn] s;/L ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0fsf ;jfnx?nfO{
;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 egL k|sfz kfg]{ . of] of]hgfnfO{ ljt/0f / k|j4{g ug]{
Pjd\ o;nfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] vfnsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ .
(= hnjfo' kl/jt{g;“u cg's"n x'g] k|fyldstfsf lqmofsnfkx? klxrfg ug]{
p2]Zon] agfOPsf] National Adaptation Programmes of Action
(NAPA) sf] ljljw k|lqmofdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf cEof;stf{x?nfO{
klg ;+nUg u/fpg] .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– jftfj/0fLo lgodg ug]{ / of]hgf agfpg] lgsfox? . -hnjfo' kl/jt{g /
c? jftfj/0fLo ;jfnx?;DaGwL ax'kIfLo jftfj/0fLo ;xdlt sfof{Gjog
ug]{x? ;d]t ._
– jftfj/0f / ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf cEof;stf{x? .
– :yfgLo ;/sf/ / ;+:yfx? .
– jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f / k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg sfo{ ug]{ ;d'bfo / dlxnf
;d"xx? .
– cflbjf;L hg;+Vof .
– ljBdfg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0fLo ;+hfnx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0fLo lgsfox?aLr ;xsfo{ ug]{ clwsf/ .
– /fhg}lts, cfly{s / ;+u7gfTds ;xof]u .
– jftfj/0fLo r'gf}tLx? / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ k/fdz{bfoL
(consultative) / ;dGjosf/L lgsfox? .
– k"0f{ ;';"lrt sfo{ bn . jftfj/0fLo / ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg sfo{qmd Pjd\
;/sf/L k|lta4tfx?af/]sf] hfgsf/L .
– ;a} If]qdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gk|ltsf] ;f]r .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljZjsf s]xL d'n'sdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gk|lt cg's"ngsf] ljsf; u/]/ ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug]{ k|of;x? ePsf 5g\ . af9Laf6 cfqmfGt a+unfb]zdf
xf“;kfng hLljsf]kfh{gsf] /fd|f] ljsNk alg/x]sf] 5 . jiff{t\sf] ;dodf s[lifof]Uo
hdLgx?df Iflt k'Ug], vfBfGg / kz'k+IfL cfxf/ aufpg] x'gfn] k/Dk/fut
s'v'/fkfngsf] :yfgdf af9Ldf klg kfNg ;lsg] xf“;k|lt s[ifsx? cfslif{t
ePsf x'g\ . ljkb\sf] a]nfdf xf“; jf xf“;sf] c08fnfO{ ahf/df laqmL jf cfkm}+n]
k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
^@^!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
!= sfo{ bn agfpg] . sfo{ bndf lgDg If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] M
– jftfj/0f dGqfno .
– /fli6«o?kdf lqmofzLn d'Vo jftfj/0fLo ;d"x .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lj1x? .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o d+r .
– ;fd'bflos ;+u7gx?, dlxnf tyf cflbjf;L ;d"xx? .
@= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0fLo ;+hfnsf ;b:ox?nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df
Nofpg] ;+oGq agfpg] jf algagfp ;+oGqnfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] .
#= jftfj/0f / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL ljBdfg lqmofsnfk /
sfo{qmdx?aLr ;xsfo{ a9fpg] of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ . Pscsf{;“u ;fx|} ldNbf]
If]qx?af6 sfd z'? ug]{ . h:tM v8]/L / d?e"lds/0f sd ug]{, af9L
/f]syfd cflb sfo{qmdx? .
$= /fli6«o, låkIfLo, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g / ;xdlt cg';f/sf] k|ltj]bg
tof/ ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] x]t'n] tYof+s cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
%= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DaGwL dfkb08x?sf] ;+o'Qm
d"Nof+sg ug{ ;+:yfut ;+oGq tof/ ug]{ .
^= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / lbuf] jftfj/0fLo cEof;nfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ;+o'Qm
tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
&= Ps};fy ljkb\ hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ / kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLnfO{
k|j4{g ug]{ ;+o'Qm lqmofsnfk / sfo{qmdx?sf] of]hgf agfpg], cfly{s ;|f]t
vf]Hg] . pbfx/0fsf] nflu v8]/L / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ;+s6f;Ggtf
Go"gLs/0f ug{ k|lt/f]wfTds aLp ljt/0f ug]{ .
*= ;+o'Qm?kdf sfo{ ug{ ;lsg] IF]qx? klxrfg u/L /0fg}lts b:tfj]h tof/
ug]{ . /0fgLltn] s;/L ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0fsf ;jfnx?nfO{
;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 egL k|sfz kfg]{ . of] of]hgfnfO{ ljt/0f / k|j4{g ug]{
Pjd\ o;nfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] vfnsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ .
(= hnjfo' kl/jt{g;“u cg's"n x'g] k|fyldstfsf lqmofsnfkx? klxrfg ug]{
p2]Zon] agfOPsf] National Adaptation Programmes of Action
(NAPA) sf] ljljw k|lqmofdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf cEof;stf{x?nfO{
klg ;+nUg u/fpg] .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– jftfj/0fLo lgodg ug]{ / of]hgf agfpg] lgsfox? . -hnjfo' kl/jt{g /
c? jftfj/0fLo ;jfnx?;DaGwL ax'kIfLo jftfj/0fLo ;xdlt sfof{Gjog
ug]{x? ;d]t ._
– jftfj/0f / ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf cEof;stf{x? .
– :yfgLo ;/sf/ / ;+:yfx? .
– jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f / k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg sfo{ ug]{ ;d'bfo / dlxnf
;d"xx? .
– cflbjf;L hg;+Vof .
– ljBdfg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0fLo ;+hfnx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / jftfj/0fLo lgsfox?aLr ;xsfo{ ug]{ clwsf/ .
– /fhg}lts, cfly{s / ;+u7gfTds ;xof]u .
– jftfj/0fLo r'gf}tLx? / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ k/fdz{bfoL
(consultative) / ;dGjosf/L lgsfox? .
– k"0f{ ;';"lrt sfo{ bn . jftfj/0fLo / ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg sfo{qmd Pjd\
;/sf/L k|lta4tfx?af/]sf] hfgsf/L .
– ;a} If]qdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gk|ltsf] ;f]r .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljZjsf s]xL d'n'sdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gk|lt cg's"ngsf] ljsf; u/]/ ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug]{ k|of;x? ePsf 5g\ . af9Laf6 cfqmfGt a+unfb]zdf
xf“;kfng hLljsf]kfh{gsf] /fd|f] ljsNk alg/x]sf] 5 . jiff{t\sf] ;dodf s[lifof]Uo
hdLgx?df Iflt k'Ug], vfBfGg / kz'k+IfL cfxf/ aufpg] x'gfn] k/Dk/fut
s'v'/fkfngsf] :yfgdf af9Ldf klg kfNg ;lsg] xf“;k|lt s[ifsx? cfslif{t
ePsf x'g\ . ljkb\sf] a]nfdf xf“; jf xf“;sf] c08fnfO{ ahf/df laqmL jf cfkm}+n]
k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
^@^!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
$=@ ljkGg / ;+s6f;Gg hg;+Vofdf pTyfgzLntf j[l4 ug{ ;+oGq
:yfkgf ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
;fdflhs k""“hLsf] Aoj:yfkg u/L, ;zQmLs/0f u/fO, hLljsf]kfh{gsf
dfWod ;+/If0f u/L Pjd\ /fli6«o:t/sf] /0fg}lts of]hgf / ;|f]t k|of]u u/L
ljkGg ;d'bfosf] pTyfgzLntf j[l4 ug]{ p2]Zo o;n] /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
ljkGg ;d'bfodf ljkb\ ;+s6f;Ggtf clws /x]sf] x'G5 . pgLx?df ljkb\
k'gnf{esf] Ifdtf klg sd x'G5 . t;y{ ;/sf/n] ljkGg ;d'bfosf] cfly{s
pGgtL, hLljsf;|f]tsf] ljljlws/0f, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, zf;g ;xeflutfdf
;xof]u k'¥ofO pgLx?nfO{ ljkb\af6 ;'/Iff lbg;S5 . ljkGg ;d'bfosf] ljkb\af6
aRg] cfkm\g} /0fgLlt x'G5 h;nfO{ cem ljsf; u/]/ jf ;zQm agfP/
pTyfgzLntfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= ljkb\ hf]lvd ;DalGwt ljleGg lsl;dsf -h:t}M pd]/, czQmtf, ;fdflhs
e]befj, n}+lus ;jfn cflb_ ul0ftLo hfgsf/Lx? ;+sng u/L tYof+ssf]
u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug]{ . ljkb\ cl3 / kl5sf cj:yfdf ljkGg ;d"xnfO{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg lj:t[t tYof+sn] 7"nf] ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 .
@= ;xeflutfd"ns hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{x? ubf{ :yfgLo
;d'bfosf g]tf, dlxnf ;d"x / sfo{stf{x?;“u ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
#= ljkb\kl5sf] cj:yfdf hLljsfsf] nflu Go"gtd ;xof]u ubf{ n}+lus–
;dtfd"ns Ifltk"lt{ sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf agfpg] . sfdsf] nflu vfBfGg jf
sfdsf nflu a;f]af; h:tf sfo{qmdx? to u/L ljkGg ;d'bfosf] ;+/If0f
ug]{ . clt Go"g cfo;|f]t ePsf ls;fgx?sf] nflu k'gnf{esf] lglDt gub
jf aLp k|bfg ug]{ .
$= ul/aL Go"gLs/0f /0fg}lts of]hgf -PRSP) df ljkGgsf] nflu ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{x? ;+nUg ug]{ .
%= ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; ;xfotf sfo{ ;+/rgf (UNDAF) df ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflji6 ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– ;dfh sNof0f lj1x? .
– n}+lus ljsf; ;jfnsf lj1x? .
– ;/sf/sf] cfly{s / of]hgf ljefu .
– u|fdL0f ljsf; / s[lif ;+/If0f lj1x? .
– hn–;+/If0f, v8]/L / ;d'bfo :jf:Yosf lj1x? .
– ;d'bfosf g]tf, sfo{stf{ / :jod\;]jsx? .
– ul/aL Go"gLs/0fdf jsfnt ug]{x? .
– Go"g cfo ePsf ;d'bfo / ljkGg ;d"xsf] ;+/If0f ljifodf lj1tf xfl;n
u/]sf ljlQo ;+:yf / cfly{s lj1x? .
– u};;x?, dfgjLo / :jdo\;]jL ;+u7gx?, bft[ lgsfox? .
� cg's"n cj:yf
– /fd|f];“u kl/eflift /fli6«o ul/aL lgjf/0f /0fgLlt / sfo{qmd .
– ul/aL Go"gLs/0fdf sfo{ ug]{ u};;, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx? /
dfgjLo ;xfotf ;+:yfsf lj1x?sf ;/;'emfj .
– ;fdflhs ;]jf, ;dfh sNof0f lgsfox? / ;+hfnx?aLr lgs6sf] cGtlqm{of .
ljkGg ;d"xsf] ;+s6f;Ggtf a'em\g] kxnx? . dlxnf / ;fd'bflos ;d"xsf
ljBdfg ;Ghfnx?sf] :yfkgf jf ;'b[9Ls/0f .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
hnjfo' kl/jt{g Pjd\ v8]/L / af9Ln] ubf{ clk|msL /fi6« OSj]8/df @)
k|ltzt hgtf s'kf]if0fsf] rk]6fdf 5g\ . To;}n] Toxf“ Pp6f kl/of]hgf nfu"
ul/Psf] 5 h;n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f s[lif pTkfbgdf k/]sf] k|efjnfO{
a'em\g ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] Pjd\ vfB;'/Iff / jftfj/0fdf sfd ug]{x?aLr ;~hfn
v8f ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . of] kl/of]hgfn] hnjfo' / df};daf/] hfgsf/L lnO{
^$^#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
$=@ ljkGg / ;+s6f;Gg hg;+Vofdf pTyfgzLntf j[l4 ug{ ;+oGq
:yfkgf ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
;fdflhs k""“hLsf] Aoj:yfkg u/L, ;zQmLs/0f u/fO, hLljsf]kfh{gsf
dfWod ;+/If0f u/L Pjd\ /fli6«o:t/sf] /0fg}lts of]hgf / ;|f]t k|of]u u/L
ljkGg ;d'bfosf] pTyfgzLntf j[l4 ug]{ p2]Zo o;n] /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
ljkGg ;d'bfodf ljkb\ ;+s6f;Ggtf clws /x]sf] x'G5 . pgLx?df ljkb\
k'gnf{esf] Ifdtf klg sd x'G5 . t;y{ ;/sf/n] ljkGg ;d'bfosf] cfly{s
pGgtL, hLljsf;|f]tsf] ljljlws/0f, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, zf;g ;xeflutfdf
;xof]u k'¥ofO pgLx?nfO{ ljkb\af6 ;'/Iff lbg;S5 . ljkGg ;d'bfosf] ljkb\af6
aRg] cfkm\g} /0fgLlt x'G5 h;nfO{ cem ljsf; u/]/ jf ;zQm agfP/
pTyfgzLntfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= ljkb\ hf]lvd ;DalGwt ljleGg lsl;dsf -h:t}M pd]/, czQmtf, ;fdflhs
e]befj, n}+lus ;jfn cflb_ ul0ftLo hfgsf/Lx? ;+sng u/L tYof+ssf]
u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug]{ . ljkb\ cl3 / kl5sf cj:yfdf ljkGg ;d"xnfO{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg lj:t[t tYof+sn] 7"nf] ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 .
@= ;xeflutfd"ns hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{x? ubf{ :yfgLo
;d'bfosf g]tf, dlxnf ;d"x / sfo{stf{x?;“u ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
#= ljkb\kl5sf] cj:yfdf hLljsfsf] nflu Go"gtd ;xof]u ubf{ n}+lus–
;dtfd"ns Ifltk"lt{ sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf agfpg] . sfdsf] nflu vfBfGg jf
sfdsf nflu a;f]af; h:tf sfo{qmdx? to u/L ljkGg ;d'bfosf] ;+/If0f
ug]{ . clt Go"g cfo;|f]t ePsf ls;fgx?sf] nflu k'gnf{esf] lglDt gub
jf aLp k|bfg ug]{ .
$= ul/aL Go"gLs/0f /0fg}lts of]hgf -PRSP) df ljkGgsf] nflu ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{x? ;+nUg ug]{ .
%= ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; ;xfotf sfo{ ;+/rgf (UNDAF) df ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflji6 ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– ;dfh sNof0f lj1x? .
– n}+lus ljsf; ;jfnsf lj1x? .
– ;/sf/sf] cfly{s / of]hgf ljefu .
– u|fdL0f ljsf; / s[lif ;+/If0f lj1x? .
– hn–;+/If0f, v8]/L / ;d'bfo :jf:Yosf lj1x? .
– ;d'bfosf g]tf, sfo{stf{ / :jod\;]jsx? .
– ul/aL Go"gLs/0fdf jsfnt ug]{x? .
– Go"g cfo ePsf ;d'bfo / ljkGg ;d"xsf] ;+/If0f ljifodf lj1tf xfl;n
u/]sf ljlQo ;+:yf / cfly{s lj1x? .
– u};;x?, dfgjLo / :jdo\;]jL ;+u7gx?, bft[ lgsfox? .
� cg's"n cj:yf
– /fd|f];“u kl/eflift /fli6«o ul/aL lgjf/0f /0fgLlt / sfo{qmd .
– ul/aL Go"gLs/0fdf sfo{ ug]{ u};;, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx? /
dfgjLo ;xfotf ;+:yfsf lj1x?sf ;/;'emfj .
– ;fdflhs ;]jf, ;dfh sNof0f lgsfox? / ;+hfnx?aLr lgs6sf] cGtlqm{of .
ljkGg ;d"xsf] ;+s6f;Ggtf a'em\g] kxnx? . dlxnf / ;fd'bflos ;d"xsf
ljBdfg ;Ghfnx?sf] :yfkgf jf ;'b[9Ls/0f .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
hnjfo' kl/jt{g Pjd\ v8]/L / af9Ln] ubf{ clk|msL /fi6« OSj]8/df @)
k|ltzt hgtf s'kf]if0fsf] rk]6fdf 5g\ . To;}n] Toxf“ Pp6f kl/of]hgf nfu"
ul/Psf] 5 h;n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f s[lif pTkfbgdf k/]sf] k|efjnfO{
a'em\g ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] Pjd\ vfB;'/Iff / jftfj/0fdf sfd ug]{x?aLr ;~hfn
v8f ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . of] kl/of]hgfn] hnjfo' / df};daf/] hfgsf/L lnO{
^$^#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
s[lif pTkfbg / s[lif of]hgfsf] lg0ff{os txnfO{ vfB ;'/Iff j[l4 ug]{ / s'kf]if0f
cGTo ug]{tkm{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 .
$=# zx/L / e"–pkof]u of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;dflxt
ug]{ ljlwx? :yfkgf ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljsf;, e"–pkof]u / zx/L of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflxt ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf]
dfkb08nfO{ of]hgfdf ;dflxt ug]{, :t/ / cEof;nfO{ ;'wfg]{, lgdf{0f ;+lxtf /
e"–pkof]u ;DaGwL lgodx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? ug{ l;kmfl/z ul/Psf]
5 .
� dxTj M
ljsf;, e"–pkof]u / zx/L of]hgfdf k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{ :yfg lb+bf u|fdL0f
IF]q / tLa|?kdf zx/Ls/0f ePsf IF]qx? b'j}sf] hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub{5 .
zx/L ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] d'Vo sf/0f u}/lhDd]jf/k"0f{ zx/L e"–pkof]u Aoj:yfkg
/ ljsf; xf] . o;sf ;fy} Go"g:t/sf] lgdf{0f cEof;, ljutsf] cg'ko'Qm
e"–pkof]u lg0f{on] klg hf]lvd a9fO/x]sf] 5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= ;a} ;/sf/L txsf lgsfox?df ljsf; of]hgf Pjd\ e"–pkof]u sfo{qmd,
of]hgf / gLltlgodx? a'em\g;Sg], nfu" u/fpg;Sg] / sfof{Gjog ug{;Sg]
Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ . ;fy} tL lgsfox?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
ug{;Sg] ;+:yfut Ifdtf / tflnd cfjZostf b[li6uf}r/ ug]{ .
@= of]hgf k|lqmofdf ljkb\ / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf dfkb08x? slt;Dd ;dflxt
ul/Psf] 5 egL lgwf{/0f ug]{ . e"–pkof]u If]q lgwf{/0f, e"–pkof]u of]hgf
/ ljsf; of]hgfsf] k|lqmof cWoog ug]{ .
#= hf]lvd–;r]t e"–pkof]u of]hgf / zx/L ljsf;sf] k|fljlws Ifdtf j[l4
ug{ tflndsf Ph]08fx? ljsf; ug]{ . o:tf] tflnddf e"–pkof]u / zx/L
ljsf; of]hgfsf/, ejg sfof{nosf clwsf/Lx?, OlGhlgo/x?, jftfj/0fLo
Aoj:yfksx? / gLlt, lgod sfof{Gjog ug]{ / nfu" u/fpg;Sg] :yfgLo
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;dflxt ug]{ .
$= ;DalGwt dGqfno / ljefux?n] cfkm\gf sfo{qmdx?df hf]lvd lgwf{/0f /
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ljlwx? ;dflxt u/]sf 5g\ egL ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
%= ;fGble{s Aoj;flos / Aofkfl/s ;+u7gx?;“u sfd u/L pgLx?sf] ;]jfsf]
:t/ / u'0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] . pgLx?sf] cEof;sf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug{ ;lqmo
e"ldsf lbg] .
^= e"–pkof]u lgod / k|lqmof nfu" u/fpg] h;af6 tf]lsPsf] If]q lglZrt lgod
/ dfkb08df cfwfl/t 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ . ;DejeP;Dd k|sf]k If]qdf
ljsf; sfo{nfO{ lgif]w ug]{ gLlt agfpg] jf pRr dfkb08 to ug]{ .
&= u}/sfg"gL / cgf}krfl/s lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ b'?T;flxt ug]{ . k|sf]kLo If]qsf
u}/sfg"gL a:tLx?nfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ug]{, c;'/lIft ejgnfO{ 9fNg], Ifltu|:t
/ hL0f{ If]qx?nfO{ k'gMlgdf{0f / ljsf; ug]{ Pjd\ zx/sf ul/a a:tLsf]
:t/f]GgtL ug]{ .
*= v'Nnf If]qx? h:t} kfs{, xl/t If]q cflbsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ . o;n] s'?k 9+un]
a9\bf] zx/Ls/0f /f]Sg d2t k'¥ofp“b5 .
(= k|sf]ku|:t If]qsf hUufhdLgx?sf] ;/sf/L clwu|x0fnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ .
!)= e"–pkof]u of]hgf k|lqmofdf gful/s ;xeflutfnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ . o;n]
;+s6f;Ggtf / hf]lvd;DaGwL gful/s a'emfO / ;'emfjnfO{ of]hgfdf
;dflxt ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . csf]{lt/ hf]lvd–;r]t e"–pkof]u of]hgfk|lt
;fdflhs :jLs[lt k|bfg ub{5 / tb\cg';f/sf] gLlt, lgod, dfkb08nfO{
sfof{Gjog u/fpg klg 6]jf k'¥ofp“b5 .
!!= e"–pkof]u;DaGwL cEof; / k]zfut IfdtfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ cfly{s nufotsf
k|f]T;fxg lbg] vfnsf] sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ . h:t} k]zfsdL{x? -cfls{6]S6,
OlGhlgo/, 7]s]bf/ cflb_nfO{ nfO;]G; lbg] jf k'/:s[t ug]{ cflb .
!@= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ kl/of]hgfrqmdf ;dflxt ug]{ k|lqmofsf] ljsf;
ug]{ . ljlQo ;+:yf / lgodg ug]{ lgsfox?n] o;nfO{ cjnDag u/]sf]
;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
^^^%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
s[lif pTkfbg / s[lif of]hgfsf] lg0ff{os txnfO{ vfB ;'/Iff j[l4 ug]{ / s'kf]if0f
cGTo ug]{tkm{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 .
$=# zx/L / e"–pkof]u of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;dflxt
ug]{ ljlwx? :yfkgf ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljsf;, e"–pkof]u / zx/L of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflxt ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf]
dfkb08nfO{ of]hgfdf ;dflxt ug]{, :t/ / cEof;nfO{ ;'wfg]{, lgdf{0f ;+lxtf /
e"–pkof]u ;DaGwL lgodx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? ug{ l;kmfl/z ul/Psf]
5 .
� dxTj M
ljsf;, e"–pkof]u / zx/L of]hgfdf k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{ :yfg lb+bf u|fdL0f
IF]q / tLa|?kdf zx/Ls/0f ePsf IF]qx? b'j}sf] hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub{5 .
zx/L ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] d'Vo sf/0f u}/lhDd]jf/k"0f{ zx/L e"–pkof]u Aoj:yfkg
/ ljsf; xf] . o;sf ;fy} Go"g:t/sf] lgdf{0f cEof;, ljutsf] cg'ko'Qm
e"–pkof]u lg0f{on] klg hf]lvd a9fO/x]sf] 5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= ;a} ;/sf/L txsf lgsfox?df ljsf; of]hgf Pjd\ e"–pkof]u sfo{qmd,
of]hgf / gLltlgodx? a'em\g;Sg], nfu" u/fpg;Sg] / sfof{Gjog ug{;Sg]
Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ . ;fy} tL lgsfox?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
ug{;Sg] ;+:yfut Ifdtf / tflnd cfjZostf b[li6uf}r/ ug]{ .
@= of]hgf k|lqmofdf ljkb\ / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf dfkb08x? slt;Dd ;dflxt
ul/Psf] 5 egL lgwf{/0f ug]{ . e"–pkof]u If]q lgwf{/0f, e"–pkof]u of]hgf
/ ljsf; of]hgfsf] k|lqmof cWoog ug]{ .
#= hf]lvd–;r]t e"–pkof]u of]hgf / zx/L ljsf;sf] k|fljlws Ifdtf j[l4
ug{ tflndsf Ph]08fx? ljsf; ug]{ . o:tf] tflnddf e"–pkof]u / zx/L
ljsf; of]hgfsf/, ejg sfof{nosf clwsf/Lx?, OlGhlgo/x?, jftfj/0fLo
Aoj:yfksx? / gLlt, lgod sfof{Gjog ug]{ / nfu" u/fpg;Sg] :yfgLo
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;dflxt ug]{ .
$= ;DalGwt dGqfno / ljefux?n] cfkm\gf sfo{qmdx?df hf]lvd lgwf{/0f /
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ljlwx? ;dflxt u/]sf 5g\ egL ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
%= ;fGble{s Aoj;flos / Aofkfl/s ;+u7gx?;“u sfd u/L pgLx?sf] ;]jfsf]
:t/ / u'0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] . pgLx?sf] cEof;sf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug{ ;lqmo
e"ldsf lbg] .
^= e"–pkof]u lgod / k|lqmof nfu" u/fpg] h;af6 tf]lsPsf] If]q lglZrt lgod
/ dfkb08df cfwfl/t 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ . ;DejeP;Dd k|sf]k If]qdf
ljsf; sfo{nfO{ lgif]w ug]{ gLlt agfpg] jf pRr dfkb08 to ug]{ .
&= u}/sfg"gL / cgf}krfl/s lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ b'?T;flxt ug]{ . k|sf]kLo If]qsf
u}/sfg"gL a:tLx?nfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ug]{, c;'/lIft ejgnfO{ 9fNg], Ifltu|:t
/ hL0f{ If]qx?nfO{ k'gMlgdf{0f / ljsf; ug]{ Pjd\ zx/sf ul/a a:tLsf]
:t/f]GgtL ug]{ .
*= v'Nnf If]qx? h:t} kfs{, xl/t If]q cflbsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ . o;n] s'?k 9+un]
a9\bf] zx/Ls/0f /f]Sg d2t k'¥ofp“b5 .
(= k|sf]ku|:t If]qsf hUufhdLgx?sf] ;/sf/L clwu|x0fnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ .
!)= e"–pkof]u of]hgf k|lqmofdf gful/s ;xeflutfnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ . o;n]
;+s6f;Ggtf / hf]lvd;DaGwL gful/s a'emfO / ;'emfjnfO{ of]hgfdf
;dflxt ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . csf]{lt/ hf]lvd–;r]t e"–pkof]u of]hgfk|lt
;fdflhs :jLs[lt k|bfg ub{5 / tb\cg';f/sf] gLlt, lgod, dfkb08nfO{
sfof{Gjog u/fpg klg 6]jf k'¥ofp“b5 .
!!= e"–pkof]u;DaGwL cEof; / k]zfut IfdtfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ cfly{s nufotsf
k|f]T;fxg lbg] vfnsf] sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ . h:t} k]zfsdL{x? -cfls{6]S6,
OlGhlgo/, 7]s]bf/ cflb_nfO{ nfO;]G; lbg] jf k'/:s[t ug]{ cflb .
!@= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ kl/of]hgfrqmdf ;dflxt ug]{ k|lqmofsf] ljsf;
ug]{ . ljlQo ;+:yf / lgodg ug]{ lgsfox?n] o;nfO{ cjnDag u/]sf]
;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
^^^%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
!#= gLlt, lgod gdfGg]x?nfO{ sfg"gL s73/fdf Nofpg] /0fgLlt ljsf; ug]{ .
!$= gful/s ;"rgf /0fgLltnfO{ klg ;“u;“u} k|j4{g ug]{ . h:t} ;r]tgf k|bfg
ug]{ ;"rgf tyf lzIff;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? cflb .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– zx/L of]hgf, ejg, k"jf{wf/ / ;fj{hlgs sfo{ ug]{ lgsfox? .
– :yfgLo ;/sf/x? -h:t} gu/kflnsf, uflj;_ .
– l/on:6]6nufotsf Aofkfl/s ;+u7gx? .
– ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx? / ;d'bfosf g]tfx? .
– ;fGble{s dGqfno / ljefux? .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljkb\sf] ;DefAo c;/nfO{ sd ug{ lkmlnlkG;sf] e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf/x?n]
e"–pkof]u of]hgfnfO{ g} k|efjsf/L dfWodsf] ?kdf lnPsf lyP . tfklg
e"–pkof]u of]hgf k|lqmof / cEof;x?df hf]lvd dfkb08nfO{ ;dflxt ug{ ljkb\
hf]lvd;DaGwL sdhf]/ a'emfOn] cj/f]w l;h{gf u¥of] . of] l/QmtfnfO{ k"lt{ ug{
‘hf]lvd–;r]t e"pkof]u of]hgf’ ;DaGwL O{–nlg{ª sf];{ -OG6/g]6sf] dfWodn]
k9\g ;lsg]_sf] ljsf; ul/of] . of] sf];{sf] p2]Zo e"–pkof]u cEof;stf{x?nfO{
ljkb\ hf]lvd ;DaGwL k|fljlws Ifdtf k|bfg u/L sfo{k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg' lyof] . of]
sf];{ lkmlnlkG;s} lj1x?n] tof/ u/]sf lyP .
$=$ ejg ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ ug{ / dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] ;'/Iff ug{
;zQm ;+oGq agfpg] .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ejgnufot dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx? / k"jf{wf/x?sf] ;'/Iff
ug{ dha't ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;af6 ljkb\sf sf/0f
hLjg, hLljsfdf x'g] Iflt Go"gLs/0f eO{ k'gnf{esf] vr{;d]t hf]lug k'U5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\sf] ;dodf c:ktfn, cfsl:ds s]Gb|, ljBfno, ;+rf/k|0ffnL,
oftfofth:tf dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ cltcfjZos x'G5 . ljkb\sf]
;dodf cTofjZos ;]jfx? h:t} M lah'nLaQL, kfgL, cfwf/e"t ;/sf/L
sfo{x? ;s];Dd rf“8f] k'gM ;+rfngdf cfP eg] ljkb\sf] ;fdflhs k|efjnfO{ lgs}
xb;Dd sd ug{;lsG5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
s_ ejg ;'/Iffsf] nflu lgDg sfo{x? ug{ ;lsG5 M
!= lgdf{0f ;+lxtf -Building Code) ;DaGwL gLlt lgod / k|lqmofx?sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ . klxrfg ul/Psf hf]lvdx?nfO{ gLltlgodx?n]
slt pko'Qm 9+un] ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 / sfof{Gjog slQsf] Aojxfl/s
5 egL d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
@= lgdf{0f ;+lxtfaf/] a'em\g, sfof{Gjog ug{ / nfu" u/fpg ;a} ;/sf/L
txsf lgsfox?sf] Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
#= ejg lgdf{0f / ;DalGwt of]hgf k|lqmofdf k|sf]k / ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{
;dflxt ug{ cfjZos k|lqmof / tl/sfx?af/] tflnd Ph]08fsf] ljsf;
ug]{ . of] tflnd of]hgfsf/, lgodg clwsf/Lx? (regulatory
authorities), ;DalGwt lgsfosf k]zfsdL{x? nufot sfof{Gjog
ug]{ / nfu" u/fpg] tx;DdnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ .
$= lgdf{0f ;+lxtf ;'wf/ ug]{, lgdf{0f pBf]usf] Go"gtd Aoj;flos dfkb08
sfod ug]{, tflnd cfjZostf a'em\g] nufotsf ;femf ;jfnx?df
lgdf{0f pBf]u;“usf] k/fdz{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ .
%= k|sf]k k|lt/f]wfTds lgdf{0fnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg tflnd sfo{qmdx?sf]
k|j4{g ug]{ . o; tflnddf ;DalGwt Aoj;flos / Aofkfl/s ;+3;+:yfx?,
;fd'bflos ljsf; ;+u7gx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] .
^= c;'/lIft If]qdf /x]sf] lgdf{0fnfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ug{, c;'/lIft ejgnfO{
dd{t ug{, u}x|sfg"gL÷cgf}krfl/s lgdf{0fnfO{ b'?T;flxt ug{ sfo{qmdsf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
^*^&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
!#= gLlt, lgod gdfGg]x?nfO{ sfg"gL s73/fdf Nofpg] /0fgLlt ljsf; ug]{ .
!$= gful/s ;"rgf /0fgLltnfO{ klg ;“u;“u} k|j4{g ug]{ . h:t} ;r]tgf k|bfg
ug]{ ;"rgf tyf lzIff;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? cflb .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– zx/L of]hgf, ejg, k"jf{wf/ / ;fj{hlgs sfo{ ug]{ lgsfox? .
– :yfgLo ;/sf/x? -h:t} gu/kflnsf, uflj;_ .
– l/on:6]6nufotsf Aofkfl/s ;+u7gx? .
– ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx? / ;d'bfosf g]tfx? .
– ;fGble{s dGqfno / ljefux? .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljkb\sf] ;DefAo c;/nfO{ sd ug{ lkmlnlkG;sf] e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf/x?n]
e"–pkof]u of]hgfnfO{ g} k|efjsf/L dfWodsf] ?kdf lnPsf lyP . tfklg
e"–pkof]u of]hgf k|lqmof / cEof;x?df hf]lvd dfkb08nfO{ ;dflxt ug{ ljkb\
hf]lvd;DaGwL sdhf]/ a'emfOn] cj/f]w l;h{gf u¥of] . of] l/QmtfnfO{ k"lt{ ug{
‘hf]lvd–;r]t e"pkof]u of]hgf’ ;DaGwL O{–nlg{ª sf];{ -OG6/g]6sf] dfWodn]
k9\g ;lsg]_sf] ljsf; ul/of] . of] sf];{sf] p2]Zo e"–pkof]u cEof;stf{x?nfO{
ljkb\ hf]lvd ;DaGwL k|fljlws Ifdtf k|bfg u/L sfo{k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg' lyof] . of]
sf];{ lkmlnlkG;s} lj1x?n] tof/ u/]sf lyP .
$=$ ejg ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ ug{ / dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] ;'/Iff ug{
;zQm ;+oGq agfpg] .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ejgnufot dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx? / k"jf{wf/x?sf] ;'/Iff
ug{ dha't ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;af6 ljkb\sf sf/0f
hLjg, hLljsfdf x'g] Iflt Go"gLs/0f eO{ k'gnf{esf] vr{;d]t hf]lug k'U5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\sf] ;dodf c:ktfn, cfsl:ds s]Gb|, ljBfno, ;+rf/k|0ffnL,
oftfofth:tf dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ cltcfjZos x'G5 . ljkb\sf]
;dodf cTofjZos ;]jfx? h:t} M lah'nLaQL, kfgL, cfwf/e"t ;/sf/L
sfo{x? ;s];Dd rf“8f] k'gM ;+rfngdf cfP eg] ljkb\sf] ;fdflhs k|efjnfO{ lgs}
xb;Dd sd ug{;lsG5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
s_ ejg ;'/Iffsf] nflu lgDg sfo{x? ug{ ;lsG5 M
!= lgdf{0f ;+lxtf -Building Code) ;DaGwL gLlt lgod / k|lqmofx?sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ . klxrfg ul/Psf hf]lvdx?nfO{ gLltlgodx?n]
slt pko'Qm 9+un] ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 / sfof{Gjog slQsf] Aojxfl/s
5 egL d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
@= lgdf{0f ;+lxtfaf/] a'em\g, sfof{Gjog ug{ / nfu" u/fpg ;a} ;/sf/L
txsf lgsfox?sf] Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
#= ejg lgdf{0f / ;DalGwt of]hgf k|lqmofdf k|sf]k / ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{
;dflxt ug{ cfjZos k|lqmof / tl/sfx?af/] tflnd Ph]08fsf] ljsf;
ug]{ . of] tflnd of]hgfsf/, lgodg clwsf/Lx? (regulatory
authorities), ;DalGwt lgsfosf k]zfsdL{x? nufot sfof{Gjog
ug]{ / nfu" u/fpg] tx;DdnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ .
$= lgdf{0f ;+lxtf ;'wf/ ug]{, lgdf{0f pBf]usf] Go"gtd Aoj;flos dfkb08
sfod ug]{, tflnd cfjZostf a'em\g] nufotsf ;femf ;jfnx?df
lgdf{0f pBf]u;“usf] k/fdz{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ .
%= k|sf]k k|lt/f]wfTds lgdf{0fnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg tflnd sfo{qmdx?sf]
k|j4{g ug]{ . o; tflnddf ;DalGwt Aoj;flos / Aofkfl/s ;+3;+:yfx?,
;fd'bflos ljsf; ;+u7gx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] .
^= c;'/lIft If]qdf /x]sf] lgdf{0fnfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ug{, c;'/lIft ejgnfO{
dd{t ug{, u}x|sfg"gL÷cgf}krfl/s lgdf{0fnfO{ b'?T;flxt ug{ sfo{qmdsf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
^*^&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
&= /fd|f cEof;x?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ Kofs]h sfo{qmd Nofpg] . h:t}
Aoj;foL / k]zfsdL{x? -7]s]bf/, OlGhlgo/, cfls{6]S6 cflb_nfO{
nfO;]G; lbg] jf k'/:s[t ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; cflb .
*= lgdf{0f ;+lxtf;DaGwL gLlt, lgod pNn+3g ug]{nfO{ sfg"gL s73/fdf
pEofpg] /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
(= Go"gtd ;'/Iff Aoj:yfsf] af/]df ;r]tgf km}nfpg ;Defljt 3/
vl/bstf{ / cgf}krfl/s lgdf{0f If]q s]Gb|Lt ;"rgfd"ns cleofg
rnfpg] .
v_ dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu lgDg sfo{x? ug{ ;lsG5 M
!= dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ . ljkb\sf] ;dodf ltgLx?n]
k'¥ofpg] of]ubfgsf] klxrfg ug]{ .
@= oL dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?df /x]sf] hf]lvd ljZn]if0f ug]{ . cfjZos k/]
yk ;j]{If0f / cWoog ug]{ .
#= dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] ;+s6f;Ggtf Go"g ug]{ ljsNkx? / o;sf] nflu
cfjZos nufgLsf] cWoog ug]{ .
$= pTyfgzLntfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg nufgLsf k|fyldstfsf If]qx? to ug]{ .
%= ljkb\sf] ;dodf hLjg, ;'/Iff / ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/tf ;'lglZrttf ug{
If]q–ljz]if cGtu{tsf dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] of]hgf / sfo{qmd ljsf;
ug]{ . h:t} c:ktfn, ;+rf/ ;~hfn, kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO k|0ffnL,
oftfoft cflb .
^= gful/s ;]jf k|bfos sDkgL / pBf]ux? -h:t}M ljB't, kfgL, Uof“;
cflb_ ;“u ;xsfo{ u/L pgLx?df /x]sf] ljkb\ ;+s6f;Ggtf sd ug]{
sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
&= dfly pNn]lvt lqmofsnfksf kl/0ffdx?nfO{ bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlt /
sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug{ k|of]u ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
pBf]uL, Aofkf/L / ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglwx?, OlGhlgo/x?, ;fd'bflos
ljsf; tyf dlxnf ;+u7gx? .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g\ @))% df 6sL{ ;/sf/ / ljZj a}+saLr æO:tfga'n e"sDkLo hf]lvd
cNkLs/0f / cfkTsfnLg k"j{tof/L kl/of]hgfÆ nfu" ug{ #!) ldlnog o"/f]sf]
C0f ;xdlt eof] . o;n] cfufdL !) jif{df O:tfga'nnfO{ e"sDkLo pTyfgzLn
zx/sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 .
of] kl/of]hgf cGtu{t dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?nfO{ e"sDkLo k|lt/f]wfTds agfpg];
c:ktfn, ljBfno / c? k|fyldstfsf ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfx?nfO{ k|anLs/0f
(retrofitting) ug]{, lgdf{0f ;+lxtf sfof{GjognfO{ nfu" u/fpg ;xof]u ug]{, ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / k"j{tof/LnfO{ bL3{sfnLg agfpg ;+:yfut / k|fljlws
Ifdtf j[l4 ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? kb{5g\ .
$=% pTkfbg / ;]jf If]qdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfknfO{
pTk|]l/t ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljlzi6 If]qx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkx?nfO{
pTk|]l/t ug{ If]qut sfo{ ;d"xx? (sectoral working groups) sf] ljsf; ug]{
p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
dfgjLo cfjZostf k"/f ug{ / u'0f:t/ hLjgofkgsf] nflu pTkfbg / ;]jf
If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u /x]sf] x'G5 . h:t} M s[lif, jg, ko{6g, kfgL, phf{,
:jf:Yo cflb . oL k|To]s pTkfbg k|0ffnLx?n] ljleGg lsl;dsf k|sf]kx? ;fdgf
ug'{kg]{ x'g;S5 . t;y{ oL If]qx?n] of]hgf r/0fd} ;hu eO{ ljkb\ pTyfgzLntf
ljsf; ug{ ;Sb5g\ . h:t} M ljkb\ hf]lvd g/x]sf] :yfg 5gf}6 u/]/, k|sf]k;“u
;fdgf ug{;Sg] pko'Qm k|ljlwx?sf] k|of]u u/]/ cflb .
� sfo{ ljlw M
If]qut sfo{;d"xx? lgdf{0f ug]{ . tL ;d"xx?n] lgDg lqmofsnfk ug{;Sb5g\ M
&)^(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
&= /fd|f cEof;x?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ Kofs]h sfo{qmd Nofpg] . h:t}
Aoj;foL / k]zfsdL{x? -7]s]bf/, OlGhlgo/, cfls{6]S6 cflb_nfO{
nfO;]G; lbg] jf k'/:s[t ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; cflb .
*= lgdf{0f ;+lxtf;DaGwL gLlt, lgod pNn+3g ug]{nfO{ sfg"gL s73/fdf
pEofpg] /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
(= Go"gtd ;'/Iff Aoj:yfsf] af/]df ;r]tgf km}nfpg ;Defljt 3/
vl/bstf{ / cgf}krfl/s lgdf{0f If]q s]Gb|Lt ;"rgfd"ns cleofg
rnfpg] .
v_ dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu lgDg sfo{x? ug{ ;lsG5 M
!= dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ . ljkb\sf] ;dodf ltgLx?n]
k'¥ofpg] of]ubfgsf] klxrfg ug]{ .
@= oL dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?df /x]sf] hf]lvd ljZn]if0f ug]{ . cfjZos k/]
yk ;j]{If0f / cWoog ug]{ .
#= dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] ;+s6f;Ggtf Go"g ug]{ ljsNkx? / o;sf] nflu
cfjZos nufgLsf] cWoog ug]{ .
$= pTyfgzLntfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg nufgLsf k|fyldstfsf If]qx? to ug]{ .
%= ljkb\sf] ;dodf hLjg, ;'/Iff / ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/tf ;'lglZrttf ug{
If]q–ljz]if cGtu{tsf dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] of]hgf / sfo{qmd ljsf;
ug]{ . h:t} c:ktfn, ;+rf/ ;~hfn, kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO k|0ffnL,
oftfoft cflb .
^= gful/s ;]jf k|bfos sDkgL / pBf]ux? -h:t}M ljB't, kfgL, Uof“;
cflb_ ;“u ;xsfo{ u/L pgLx?df /x]sf] ljkb\ ;+s6f;Ggtf sd ug]{
sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
&= dfly pNn]lvt lqmofsnfksf kl/0ffdx?nfO{ bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlt /
sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug{ k|of]u ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
pBf]uL, Aofkf/L / ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglwx?, OlGhlgo/x?, ;fd'bflos
ljsf; tyf dlxnf ;+u7gx? .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g\ @))% df 6sL{ ;/sf/ / ljZj a}+saLr æO:tfga'n e"sDkLo hf]lvd
cNkLs/0f / cfkTsfnLg k"j{tof/L kl/of]hgfÆ nfu" ug{ #!) ldlnog o"/f]sf]
C0f ;xdlt eof] . o;n] cfufdL !) jif{df O:tfga'nnfO{ e"sDkLo pTyfgzLn
zx/sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 .
of] kl/of]hgf cGtu{t dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?nfO{ e"sDkLo k|lt/f]wfTds agfpg];
c:ktfn, ljBfno / c? k|fyldstfsf ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfx?nfO{ k|anLs/0f
(retrofitting) ug]{, lgdf{0f ;+lxtf sfof{GjognfO{ nfu" u/fpg ;xof]u ug]{, ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / k"j{tof/LnfO{ bL3{sfnLg agfpg ;+:yfut / k|fljlws
Ifdtf j[l4 ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? kb{5g\ .
$=% pTkfbg / ;]jf If]qdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfknfO{
pTk|]l/t ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljlzi6 If]qx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkx?nfO{
pTk|]l/t ug{ If]qut sfo{ ;d"xx? (sectoral working groups) sf] ljsf; ug]{
p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
dfgjLo cfjZostf k"/f ug{ / u'0f:t/ hLjgofkgsf] nflu pTkfbg / ;]jf
If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u /x]sf] x'G5 . h:t} M s[lif, jg, ko{6g, kfgL, phf{,
:jf:Yo cflb . oL k|To]s pTkfbg k|0ffnLx?n] ljleGg lsl;dsf k|sf]kx? ;fdgf
ug'{kg]{ x'g;S5 . t;y{ oL If]qx?n] of]hgf r/0fd} ;hu eO{ ljkb\ pTyfgzLntf
ljsf; ug{ ;Sb5g\ . h:t} M ljkb\ hf]lvd g/x]sf] :yfg 5gf}6 u/]/, k|sf]k;“u
;fdgf ug{;Sg] pko'Qm k|ljlwx?sf] k|of]u u/]/ cflb .
� sfo{ ljlw M
If]qut sfo{;d"xx? lgdf{0f ug]{ . tL ;d"xx?n] lgDg lqmofsnfk ug{;Sb5g\ M
&)^(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
!= cf}krfl/s jf cgf}krfl/s If]qut of]hgf / ljlQo k|0ffnLsf] pknAwtf
Pjd\ To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ dfWodx?sf] af/]df 5nkmn k|j4{g ug]{ .
/fli6«o, If]qLo, :yfgLo ;a} txnfO{ Wofg lbg] .
@= ljBdfg ljsf; of]hgf / nufgL sfo{qmdx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
s;/L ;dflxt ug]{ egL pkfo vf]hL ug]{ .
#= lglZrt If]qnfO{ k|efj kfg{;Sg] k|sf]kx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . ljBdfg hf]lvd
/ ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] kl/b[Zo ptfg]{ / eljiosf] hf]lvdsf] af/]df cg'dfg ug]{ .
$= If]q ljz]ifsf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf ljsf; ug{ ;dGjo ug]{ .
o;f] ubf{ ljkb\ clen]v, gLlt, /0fgLlt, cfjZos Ifdtf, ;|f]t /
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;+nUg ug]{ .
%= k|To]s ef}uf]lns txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfk cjnDag ug]{
If]qut ;d"x lgdf{0f ug]{ .
^= ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf] /fli6«o d+rdf ;xeflutf hgfpg] .
&= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL lzIff / of]hgfnfO{ k|To]s If]qdf / k|To]s
txdf k|j4{g ug]{ .
*= If]qut ;+u7g / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ljkb\ hf]lvd ;r]tgf k|j4{g ug]{ .
(= If]qut sfo{;d"x ;Da4 ;+u7gx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ;'emfjx?
sfof{Gjog u/fpg ;dGjo ug]{ .
!)= k|To]s IF]qdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL l;sfO / /fd|f cEof;x?nfO{
lnkLa4 ug]{ / cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ .
!!= If]qut k|ultnfO{ /fli6«o / ;d'bfosf] txdf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ .
!@= If]quttkm{af6 k'gnf{e of]hgfx?, dfgjLo ;xfotf / ljsf; sfo{qmdx?df
;/;Nnfx k|bfg ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
If]qut ;d"xdf lgDg If]qx?sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g'kb{5 M
– lglZrt If]q;Da4 dGqfnox? .
– If]qut of]hgf th'{df ug]{ lgsfox? .
– ;fGble{s lghL If]q .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg cEof;stf{x? .
– ;fGble{s k|fl1s ;+u7g / cg';Gwfg ;d"x .
– u|fxs÷pkef]Qmfsf lxtsf nflu ul7t ;+3:yfx? . ;fGble{s u};;x? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– sfo{ ;d"x u7gsf] nflu If]qut dGqfnosf] ;xof]u .
– jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs If]qsf ;fGble{s ;+u7gx?aLrsf] ;'b[9 cGtlqm{of .
– /fli6«o d+rx?af6 lgb]{zg / ;xfotf .
– k|To]s If]q cGtu{t ;"rgf, /fd|f cEof;x?sf] cfbfgk|bfg Pjd\ ;+:yfut
sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljleGg If]qdf ;dflxt ug{ ;g\ @))! df
OSj]8/sf] of]hgf / ljsf; dGqfnon] k|lqmof yfngL u¥of] . klxnf] r/0fdf
ljleGg ;ft If]qdf sfo{zfnfx? cfof]hgf u/]/ hf]lvd klxrfg ug]{ / sfo{
of]hgf ljsf; ug]{ ultljlwx? eP . tL If]qx? oftfoft, :jf:Yo, s[lif,
df5fkfng, phf{, kfgL, ;/;kmfO, lzIff / zx/L a;f]af; /x]sf lyP .
bf]>f] r/0fdf ;a} If]qsf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgfsf cfwf/x? to
ul/of] . t]>f] r/0fdf k|To]s IF]qsf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgfx?sf]
ljsf; ul/of] . k|To]s If]qx?df sld6L u7g ul/of] . k|To]s sld6Lx?n]
k|:tfljt nIo / lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0ftkm{ s;/L k|efjsf/L
9+un] n}hfg] egL lbzflgb]{z ug]{ ub{5 .
$=^ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtfsf] cj;/
l;h{gf ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf lghL If]qsf] of]ubfgnfO{
a9fjf lbg pko'Qm ljlQo gLltsf] ;+oGq v8f ug]{ Pjd\ pTk|]/s ljlwx?
ckgfpg] p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
&@&!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
!= cf}krfl/s jf cgf}krfl/s If]qut of]hgf / ljlQo k|0ffnLsf] pknAwtf
Pjd\ To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ dfWodx?sf] af/]df 5nkmn k|j4{g ug]{ .
/fli6«o, If]qLo, :yfgLo ;a} txnfO{ Wofg lbg] .
@= ljBdfg ljsf; of]hgf / nufgL sfo{qmdx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
s;/L ;dflxt ug]{ egL pkfo vf]hL ug]{ .
#= lglZrt If]qnfO{ k|efj kfg{;Sg] k|sf]kx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . ljBdfg hf]lvd
/ ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] kl/b[Zo ptfg]{ / eljiosf] hf]lvdsf] af/]df cg'dfg ug]{ .
$= If]q ljz]ifsf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf ljsf; ug{ ;dGjo ug]{ .
o;f] ubf{ ljkb\ clen]v, gLlt, /0fgLlt, cfjZos Ifdtf, ;|f]t /
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;+nUg ug]{ .
%= k|To]s ef}uf]lns txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfk cjnDag ug]{
If]qut ;d"x lgdf{0f ug]{ .
^= ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf] /fli6«o d+rdf ;xeflutf hgfpg] .
&= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL lzIff / of]hgfnfO{ k|To]s If]qdf / k|To]s
txdf k|j4{g ug]{ .
*= If]qut ;+u7g / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ljkb\ hf]lvd ;r]tgf k|j4{g ug]{ .
(= If]qut sfo{;d"x ;Da4 ;+u7gx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ;'emfjx?
sfof{Gjog u/fpg ;dGjo ug]{ .
!)= k|To]s IF]qdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL l;sfO / /fd|f cEof;x?nfO{
lnkLa4 ug]{ / cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ .
!!= If]qut k|ultnfO{ /fli6«o / ;d'bfosf] txdf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ .
!@= If]quttkm{af6 k'gnf{e of]hgfx?, dfgjLo ;xfotf / ljsf; sfo{qmdx?df
;/;Nnfx k|bfg ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
If]qut ;d"xdf lgDg If]qx?sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g'kb{5 M
– lglZrt If]q;Da4 dGqfnox? .
– If]qut of]hgf th'{df ug]{ lgsfox? .
– ;fGble{s lghL If]q .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg cEof;stf{x? .
– ;fGble{s k|fl1s ;+u7g / cg';Gwfg ;d"x .
– u|fxs÷pkef]Qmfsf lxtsf nflu ul7t ;+3:yfx? . ;fGble{s u};;x? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– sfo{ ;d"x u7gsf] nflu If]qut dGqfnosf] ;xof]u .
– jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs If]qsf ;fGble{s ;+u7gx?aLrsf] ;'b[9 cGtlqm{of .
– /fli6«o d+rx?af6 lgb]{zg / ;xfotf .
– k|To]s If]q cGtu{t ;"rgf, /fd|f cEof;x?sf] cfbfgk|bfg Pjd\ ;+:yfut
sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljleGg If]qdf ;dflxt ug{ ;g\ @))! df
OSj]8/sf] of]hgf / ljsf; dGqfnon] k|lqmof yfngL u¥of] . klxnf] r/0fdf
ljleGg ;ft If]qdf sfo{zfnfx? cfof]hgf u/]/ hf]lvd klxrfg ug]{ / sfo{
of]hgf ljsf; ug]{ ultljlwx? eP . tL If]qx? oftfoft, :jf:Yo, s[lif,
df5fkfng, phf{, kfgL, ;/;kmfO, lzIff / zx/L a;f]af; /x]sf lyP .
bf]>f] r/0fdf ;a} If]qsf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgfsf cfwf/x? to
ul/of] . t]>f] r/0fdf k|To]s IF]qsf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgfx?sf]
ljsf; ul/of] . k|To]s If]qx?df sld6L u7g ul/of] . k|To]s sld6Lx?n]
k|:tfljt nIo / lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0ftkm{ s;/L k|efjsf/L
9+un] n}hfg] egL lbzflgb]{z ug]{ ub{5 .
$=^ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtfsf] cj;/
l;h{gf ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf lghL If]qsf] of]ubfgnfO{
a9fjf lbg pko'Qm ljlQo gLltsf] ;+oGq v8f ug]{ Pjd\ pTk|]/s ljlwx?
ckgfpg] p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
&@&!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� dxTj M
lghL If]q;“u /x]sf] 1fg, ;|f]t / lj1tfnfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0ftkm{
nufpg ;/sf/nfO{ lghL IF]q;“usf] ;xsfo{ cfjZos /xG5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd
x:tfGt/0f / cNkLs/0f ultljlwx?df lghL If]qn] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg;S5 . o:t}
;/sf/n] klg pko'Qm ljlQo gLlt jf c? gLltsf dfWodn] ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fdf lghL–;fj{hlgs If]qsf] ;fem]bf/L j[l4 ug{;S5 . h:t} M n3'ljQ
sfo{qmd, aLdf, ;'/lIft lgdf{0f cflbnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ .
� sfo{ ljlw M
/fi6«–ljz]ifsf] cj:yf cg';f/ lghL If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] tl/sf km/s
km/s x'g;S5 . ;/sf/n] /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L sfo{bn agfpg ;S5 . sfo{bnn]
lgDg sfo{x? ug{;S5 M
!= lghL If]qsf] nflu ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf Aofkfl/s cj;/x?sf]
klxrfg ug]{ .
@= oL cj;/x?df nufgLsf] nflu k|f]T;fxghGo ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
#= pTk|]/s ljlQo gLlt ckgfP/ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkdf lghL
If]qsf] nufgL k|j4{g ug]{ . h:t} M cfo s/, ;DklQ s/ cflbdf 5'6 cflb .
$= k"j{r]tfjgL ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f sfo{df gful/s–s]Gb|Lt pTkfbg / ;]jf k|bfg
ug{ ;"rgf k|ljlw Pjd\ b"/;+rf/ sDkgLx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
%= k|sf]k k|efljt hg;+Vofsf] nflu c:yfoL / :yfoL lzlj/ lgdf{0f ug{
lgdf{0f sDkgLx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
^= æskf]{/]6 ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjÆ (corporate social responsibility)cGtu{t ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg k|f]T;fxg
ug]{ .
&= hf]lvd cNkLs/0fdf lghL If]qsf] e"ldsf :yflkt ug{ lghL / k|fl1s
;+:yfx?;“usf] ;xsfo{ ;DefAotf cWoog ug]{ . ljkb\sf] a]nfdf klg
Aofkf/Aoj;fonfO{ lgoldttf lbg] sfo{sf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
*= hf]lvd cNkLs/0f tTjx? ;dflxt ug{ n3'C0f / aLdf sfo{qmdx?nfO{
ljljlws/0f ug]{ .
(= n3'C0f / aLdf sfo{qmdx?åf/f ljkGg ;d'bfonfO{ ljkb\ k'gnf{e sfo{df
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
!)= Ifdtf ljsf;sf] k/Dk/fut jf gjLgtd sfo{qmdx?df n3'C0f ;]jfnfO{
;dflxt ug]{ .
!!= n3'ljQ / n3'C0f sfo{qmdx?n] ljkb\u|:t hg;+VofnfO{ k'gnf{esf] qmddf
k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
!@= ljkGg ;d"xsf] cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]tnfO{ ljljlws/0f ug{ lghL If]qsf] ;xsfo{df
tflnd sfo{qmdx? ljsf; ug]{ .
!#= lghL If]q, ;fj{hlgs IF]q / lghL cfjf;x?nfO{ ljkb\ 36gf aLdf jf k'gM
aLdf u/fpg] ;+oGqx?sf] cEof; / ;fdYo{ lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
!$= aLdf sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{ . gful/s–/fxt of]hgf cGtu{t ljkb\ aLdf
klg ;+nUg ug]{ . ljkb\ 36gfkl5 /fxt / k'gM:yfkgfsf] sfo{df x'g] nufgLeGbf
of] of]hgf ;/sf/nfO{ klg sdvlr{nf] x'G5 . h:t} M afnL aLdf ug]{ /
ljkGg ;d'bfosf] aLdf lk|ldoddf ;/sf/n] ;xof]u ug]{ . To;}u/L ;fj{hlgs
nufgLsf ;a} lgdf{0fdf aLdfsf] clgjfo{ lgod nufpg] . o;sf] abnf
aLdf sDkgLx?;“u ;Demf}tf u/]/ sd aLdf lk|ldoddf ;Demf}tf ug]{ .
!%= lghL 3/x?df aLdf clgjfo{ ug]{tkm{ Wofg lbg] .
!^= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] pko'Qm dfWod ckgfpg] 3/wgL, lgdf{0f
sDkgL jf hf]sf]xLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ pTk|]/s cfly{s gLltx? k|j]z u/fpg] .
h:t} M ;DklQ s/, cfo s/df 5'6 cflb .
!&= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] vfnsf] gof“ ljlQo of]hgfx?sf]
sfof{Gjogdf ;3fpg k'¥ofpg ljBdfg gLlt, lgodx?df cfjZos ;'wf/
ug]{ .
!*= /fli6«o ljkb\ sf]if v8f ug{;lsg] ;Defjgfsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ . o:tf] sf]ifn]
ljkb\ cl3 hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf / ljkb\ kl5 k'gnf{e, k'gM;+/rgf cflbdf
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
!(= dlxnf art, dlxnf C0f h:tf lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ klg k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
&$&#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� dxTj M
lghL If]q;“u /x]sf] 1fg, ;|f]t / lj1tfnfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0ftkm{
nufpg ;/sf/nfO{ lghL IF]q;“usf] ;xsfo{ cfjZos /xG5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd
x:tfGt/0f / cNkLs/0f ultljlwx?df lghL If]qn] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg;S5 . o:t}
;/sf/n] klg pko'Qm ljlQo gLlt jf c? gLltsf dfWodn] ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fdf lghL–;fj{hlgs If]qsf] ;fem]bf/L j[l4 ug{;S5 . h:t} M n3'ljQ
sfo{qmd, aLdf, ;'/lIft lgdf{0f cflbnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ .
� sfo{ ljlw M
/fi6«–ljz]ifsf] cj:yf cg';f/ lghL If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] tl/sf km/s
km/s x'g;S5 . ;/sf/n] /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L sfo{bn agfpg ;S5 . sfo{bnn]
lgDg sfo{x? ug{;S5 M
!= lghL If]qsf] nflu ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf Aofkfl/s cj;/x?sf]
klxrfg ug]{ .
@= oL cj;/x?df nufgLsf] nflu k|f]T;fxghGo ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
#= pTk|]/s ljlQo gLlt ckgfP/ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkdf lghL
If]qsf] nufgL k|j4{g ug]{ . h:t} M cfo s/, ;DklQ s/ cflbdf 5'6 cflb .
$= k"j{r]tfjgL ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f sfo{df gful/s–s]Gb|Lt pTkfbg / ;]jf k|bfg
ug{ ;"rgf k|ljlw Pjd\ b"/;+rf/ sDkgLx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
%= k|sf]k k|efljt hg;+Vofsf] nflu c:yfoL / :yfoL lzlj/ lgdf{0f ug{
lgdf{0f sDkgLx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
^= æskf]{/]6 ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjÆ (corporate social responsibility)cGtu{t ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg k|f]T;fxg
ug]{ .
&= hf]lvd cNkLs/0fdf lghL If]qsf] e"ldsf :yflkt ug{ lghL / k|fl1s
;+:yfx?;“usf] ;xsfo{ ;DefAotf cWoog ug]{ . ljkb\sf] a]nfdf klg
Aofkf/Aoj;fonfO{ lgoldttf lbg] sfo{sf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
*= hf]lvd cNkLs/0f tTjx? ;dflxt ug{ n3'C0f / aLdf sfo{qmdx?nfO{
ljljlws/0f ug]{ .
(= n3'C0f / aLdf sfo{qmdx?åf/f ljkGg ;d'bfonfO{ ljkb\ k'gnf{e sfo{df
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
!)= Ifdtf ljsf;sf] k/Dk/fut jf gjLgtd sfo{qmdx?df n3'C0f ;]jfnfO{
;dflxt ug]{ .
!!= n3'ljQ / n3'C0f sfo{qmdx?n] ljkb\u|:t hg;+VofnfO{ k'gnf{esf] qmddf
k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
!@= ljkGg ;d"xsf] cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]tnfO{ ljljlws/0f ug{ lghL If]qsf] ;xsfo{df
tflnd sfo{qmdx? ljsf; ug]{ .
!#= lghL If]q, ;fj{hlgs IF]q / lghL cfjf;x?nfO{ ljkb\ 36gf aLdf jf k'gM
aLdf u/fpg] ;+oGqx?sf] cEof; / ;fdYo{ lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
!$= aLdf sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{ . gful/s–/fxt of]hgf cGtu{t ljkb\ aLdf
klg ;+nUg ug]{ . ljkb\ 36gfkl5 /fxt / k'gM:yfkgfsf] sfo{df x'g] nufgLeGbf
of] of]hgf ;/sf/nfO{ klg sdvlr{nf] x'G5 . h:t} M afnL aLdf ug]{ /
ljkGg ;d'bfosf] aLdf lk|ldoddf ;/sf/n] ;xof]u ug]{ . To;}u/L ;fj{hlgs
nufgLsf ;a} lgdf{0fdf aLdfsf] clgjfo{ lgod nufpg] . o;sf] abnf
aLdf sDkgLx?;“u ;Demf}tf u/]/ sd aLdf lk|ldoddf ;Demf}tf ug]{ .
!%= lghL 3/x?df aLdf clgjfo{ ug]{tkm{ Wofg lbg] .
!^= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] pko'Qm dfWod ckgfpg] 3/wgL, lgdf{0f
sDkgL jf hf]sf]xLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ pTk|]/s cfly{s gLltx? k|j]z u/fpg] .
h:t} M ;DklQ s/, cfo s/df 5'6 cflb .
!&= ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] vfnsf] gof“ ljlQo of]hgfx?sf]
sfof{Gjogdf ;3fpg k'¥ofpg ljBdfg gLlt, lgodx?df cfjZos ;'wf/
ug]{ .
!*= /fli6«o ljkb\ sf]if v8f ug{;lsg] ;Defjgfsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ . o:tf] sf]ifn]
ljkb\ cl3 hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf / ljkb\ kl5 k'gnf{e, k'gM;+/rgf cflbdf
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
!(= dlxnf art, dlxnf C0f h:tf lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ klg k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
&$&#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– pBf]uL, Aofkf/L ;+3;+u7gx? h:t} pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, g]kfn pBf]u
jfl0fHo kl/;+3, g]kfn r]Da;{ ckm sd;{ / ;fGble{s If]qut ;+u7gx?
h:t} lgdf{0f Aoj;foL dxf;+3 cflb .
– ;/sf/ .
– k]zfut÷k|fl1s ;+:yfx? .
– gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;/sf/sf] pRrtxaf6 ;xof]u .
– :ki6 clwsf/ .
– k"j{lqmofzLn (proactive) g]t[Tj .
– k|lta4 Aoj;flos ;fem]bf/x?sf] ;'b[9 ;d"x .
– sfo{ k|f]T;fxg .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g\ !((( df 6sL{n] &=$ / &=@ /]S6/ :s]nsf] b'O{j6f 7"nf7"nf e"sDkx?
a]xf]¥of] . o;af6 xhf/f}+sf] d[To' x'gfsf] ;fy} 6sL{n] cfly{s?kd} 7"nf] Iflt
vKg'k¥of] . nuQ} e"sDkaf6 clt k|efljt df/df/f If]qdf clgjfo{ aLdf sfo{qmd
NofOof] . ;f] cGtu{t df/df/fsf] gu/kflnsf If]qsf ;a} cfjf;Lo ejgx?nfO{
clgjfo{?kdf aLdf ug{ nufOof] . aLdf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;/sf/n] g} ;+rfng u¥of]
h;nfO{ Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (TCIP) elgof] .
of] sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo nIo ljkb\sf sf/0f x'g] ;/sf/L Aooef/nfO{ sd
u/fpg', e"sDk hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf gful/s ;fem]bf/Lsf] j[l4 ug'{ / u'0f:t/
lgdf{0f cEof;nfO{ a9fjf lbg' lyof] .
of] sfo{qmd cGtu{t 3/ lsga]r ubf{ aLdf sfuhftnfO{ clgjfo{ u/fOof] .
To:t} ljB't, 6]lnkmf]g, kfgL h:tf ;]jfx? lng klg 3/wgLn] sfuhft k]z ug{
clgjfo{ agfOof] .
$=& ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;lxtsf] k'gnf{e of]hgf k|lqmofsf] ljsf;
ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
ljkb\ k'gnf{e of]hgf k|lqmofd} ljkb\sf cGtlg{xLt sf/sx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg
u/]/ pTyfgzLntfsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo o;n] lnPsf] 5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ljkb\ k'gnf{e of]hgfsf] dxTjk"0f{
of]ubfg /xg] ub{5 . ljkb\sf 36gfkl5 dfq k'gnf{esf ljlzi6 of]hgfx? tof/
x'G5g\ . tfklg ljBdfg hfgsf/L / 1fgsf] cfwf/df ;+:yfut / gLltut
e"ldsf klxNofpg' , ;DefAo of]hgfx? ljsf; ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . o;n] ljkb\sf]
a]nf ;xfotf / k'g:yf{kgfaLrsf] ;do cGt/nfO{ sd u/fp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= lgDg lsl;dsf k[i7e"ld hfgsf/Lx?sf] ljsf; / k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ M
– ef}lts, cfly{s cj:yf / ljsf; of]hgfx? .
– k|sf]ksf] pRrhf]lvddf /x]sf lqmofsnfkx?, ;+:yfx? / ;+/rgfx? .
– IF]qut ;+s6f;Ggtfx? .
– k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf] lglDt pknAw ;|f]tx? .
– cfkTsfnLg cj:yf, k'gnf{e Aoj:yfkg sfo{df ;+nUg ;+u7gx?sf]
alnof] / sdhf]/ kIf klxNofpg] .
@= ljljw lsl;dsf] k|sf]ksf nflu pko'Qm k|ltsfo{ / cfjZostf lgwf{/0f
ug]{ . k|sf]k;“u ;fdgf ug{ IF]q ljz]ifsf] alnof] kIfsf] k|of]u ug]{ /
;+s6f;GgtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ .
#= k'gnf{e of]hgf / sfof{Gjogdf g]t[Tj lbg;Sg] lgsfox?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
ltgLx?sf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df ;xdlt sfod ug]{ .
$= k'gnf{esf] ;fwf/0f of]hgf agfpg] . ljkb\sf] ;dodf k|zf;lgs / cfly{s?kn]
tof/L xfntdf /fVg'kg]{ s'/fx? klg pNn]v ug]{ . of] of]hgfsf] af/]df
&^&%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– pBf]uL, Aofkf/L ;+3;+u7gx? h:t} pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, g]kfn pBf]u
jfl0fHo kl/;+3, g]kfn r]Da;{ ckm sd;{ / ;fGble{s If]qut ;+u7gx?
h:t} lgdf{0f Aoj;foL dxf;+3 cflb .
– ;/sf/ .
– k]zfut÷k|fl1s ;+:yfx? .
– gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;/sf/sf] pRrtxaf6 ;xof]u .
– :ki6 clwsf/ .
– k"j{lqmofzLn (proactive) g]t[Tj .
– k|lta4 Aoj;flos ;fem]bf/x?sf] ;'b[9 ;d"x .
– sfo{ k|f]T;fxg .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g\ !((( df 6sL{n] &=$ / &=@ /]S6/ :s]nsf] b'O{j6f 7"nf7"nf e"sDkx?
a]xf]¥of] . o;af6 xhf/f}+sf] d[To' x'gfsf] ;fy} 6sL{n] cfly{s?kd} 7"nf] Iflt
vKg'k¥of] . nuQ} e"sDkaf6 clt k|efljt df/df/f If]qdf clgjfo{ aLdf sfo{qmd
NofOof] . ;f] cGtu{t df/df/fsf] gu/kflnsf If]qsf ;a} cfjf;Lo ejgx?nfO{
clgjfo{?kdf aLdf ug{ nufOof] . aLdf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;/sf/n] g} ;+rfng u¥of]
h;nfO{ Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (TCIP) elgof] .
of] sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo nIo ljkb\sf sf/0f x'g] ;/sf/L Aooef/nfO{ sd
u/fpg', e"sDk hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf gful/s ;fem]bf/Lsf] j[l4 ug'{ / u'0f:t/
lgdf{0f cEof;nfO{ a9fjf lbg' lyof] .
of] sfo{qmd cGtu{t 3/ lsga]r ubf{ aLdf sfuhftnfO{ clgjfo{ u/fOof] .
To:t} ljB't, 6]lnkmf]g, kfgL h:tf ;]jfx? lng klg 3/wgLn] sfuhft k]z ug{
clgjfo{ agfOof] .
$=& ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;lxtsf] k'gnf{e of]hgf k|lqmofsf] ljsf;
ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
ljkb\ k'gnf{e of]hgf k|lqmofd} ljkb\sf cGtlg{xLt sf/sx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg
u/]/ pTyfgzLntfsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo o;n] lnPsf] 5 .
� dxTj M
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ljkb\ k'gnf{e of]hgfsf] dxTjk"0f{
of]ubfg /xg] ub{5 . ljkb\sf 36gfkl5 dfq k'gnf{esf ljlzi6 of]hgfx? tof/
x'G5g\ . tfklg ljBdfg hfgsf/L / 1fgsf] cfwf/df ;+:yfut / gLltut
e"ldsf klxNofpg' , ;DefAo of]hgfx? ljsf; ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . o;n] ljkb\sf]
a]nf ;xfotf / k'g:yf{kgfaLrsf] ;do cGt/nfO{ sd u/fp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= lgDg lsl;dsf k[i7e"ld hfgsf/Lx?sf] ljsf; / k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ M
– ef}lts, cfly{s cj:yf / ljsf; of]hgfx? .
– k|sf]ksf] pRrhf]lvddf /x]sf lqmofsnfkx?, ;+:yfx? / ;+/rgfx? .
– IF]qut ;+s6f;Ggtfx? .
– k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf] lglDt pknAw ;|f]tx? .
– cfkTsfnLg cj:yf, k'gnf{e Aoj:yfkg sfo{df ;+nUg ;+u7gx?sf]
alnof] / sdhf]/ kIf klxNofpg] .
@= ljljw lsl;dsf] k|sf]ksf nflu pko'Qm k|ltsfo{ / cfjZostf lgwf{/0f
ug]{ . k|sf]k;“u ;fdgf ug{ IF]q ljz]ifsf] alnof] kIfsf] k|of]u ug]{ /
;+s6f;GgtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ .
#= k'gnf{e of]hgf / sfof{Gjogdf g]t[Tj lbg;Sg] lgsfox?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
ltgLx?sf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df ;xdlt sfod ug]{ .
$= k'gnf{esf] ;fwf/0f of]hgf agfpg] . ljkb\sf] ;dodf k|zf;lgs / cfly{s?kn]
tof/L xfntdf /fVg'kg]{ s'/fx? klg pNn]v ug]{ . of] of]hgfsf] af/]df
&^&%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
;/sf/L lgsfox?, ;fGble{s ;+u7g / If]qx?;“u k/fdz{ ug]{ . of]hgf
k'g/fjnf]sg / k'gMn]vg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
%= ;fwf/0f k'gnf{e of]hgfdf k|sf]k ljz]ifsf] k'gnf{e of]hgfsf] k|lqmof pNn]v
ug]{ . of] k|lqmof cGtu{t ljleGg ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, lghL /
;fj{hlgs If]qaLrsf] ;dGjo ;+oGqx?sf] af/]df klg pNn]v ug]{ .
^= ;fwf/0f k'gnf{e of]hgfsf] clGtd n]vgnfO{ ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfo, ;+3;+:yf,
;+u7gx?af6 cg'df]bg / x:tfIf/ u/fpg] Aoj:yf ldnfpg] .
&= ;fwf/0f k'gnf{e of]hgfnfO{ k|sflzt ug]{ / a[xb\?kdf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ . o;sf]
k|d'v l;4fGtx?nfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ .
*= abln+bf] kl/l:ylt / cfjZostf cg';f/ k'gnf{e of]hgfnfO{ k/LIf0f ug]{,
cEof; ug]{ / k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ k|lqmof :yflkt ug]{ .
� k'gnf{e of]hgf cGtu{t ;d]l6g'kg]{ If]qx? M
– k'g:yf{kgf÷k"jf{wf/ / dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] k'glg{df{0f .
– /f]huf/L / hLljsf]kfh{g .
– a;f]af; .
– lj:yflkt kl/jf/sf] lkmtL{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
k'gnf{e of]hgf tof/ ug{ lgDg If]qsf bIf AolQmx?sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{
x'G5 .
– cy{, of]hgf, k"jf{wf/ / zx/L ljsf; dGqfno .
– u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? .
– lghL lgdf{0f hut .
– Aofkfl/s hut .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– oyfy{k/s hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / ;DefAo hf]lvd cj:yfsf] cg'dfg .
– k'gnf{e / k'gMlgdf{0f of]hgfsf] nflu clwsf/k|fKt If]qLo / :yfgLo txsf
clwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf .
– ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k|lqmof .
– ljkb\ k'gnf{esf] nflu ah]6 5'§ofpg;Sg] cfly{s lgsfosf] Ifdtf .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
l5d]sL /fi6« ef/tsf] b'O{ k|fGtsf] k'gnf{e /0fgLltsf] t'ngfTds cWoogn]
/fd|f] kf7 l;Sg ;lsG5 .
dxf/fi6« /fHosf] nft'/df ;g\ !((# df e"sDk uPsf] lyof] . e"sDkkl5MEERP (Maharashtra Emergency Earthquake RehabilitationProgram) nfu" ul/of] . k'g:yf{kgf kl/of]hgfnfO{ b|'tultdf ;DkGg u/fpg
o;sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x\of] . kl/of]hgfsf] ;dflKtkl5 MEERP klg vf/]h
ul/of] . MEERP n] ljkb\ cNkLs/0fsf] nflu k|fGtLo /fhwfgL d'DaO{;lxt
c? zx/x?sf] klg of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . t/ of] ;+:yfut x'g;s]g .
kmn:j?k @))$ df cfPsf] af9Lsf] k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{df MEERP sf]
pknAwLn] kmfObf lbg;s]g .
o;sf] l7s ljkl/t ef/tsf] csf]{ k|fGt u'h/ftdf ;g\ @))! df e"sDk
hf“bf GSDMA (Gujarat State Disaster Managemenet Authority)
k'gnf{e r/0fdf lgs} k|efjsf/L /x\of] . o;sf w]/} sf/0fx? lyP . GSDMA
pRr ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?af6 Aoj:yfkg ePsf] lyof] Pjd\ ;DalGwt ljefux?;“u
cGt/;DalGwt u/fOPsf] lyof] . of];“u /sd ljlgof]hg, gLltut ;'wf/, k|ult
k'g/fjnf]sg ug{;Sg] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ lyof] .
u'h/ft kl/of]hgfsf] ;dflKtkl5 klg of] lg/Gt/ /x\of] / u'h/ftsf] ljkb\
/f]syfd / Aoj:yfkgsf] :yfoL c+usf] ?kdf :yflkt x'gk'Uof] . ;du|df eGbf
ljutsf] ef]ufO / kf7x?nfO{ /fHosf] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg of]hgfdf ;dflxt ug]{
;+:yfut cfwf/ tof/ ePsf]n] g} o;sf] k'gnf{e /0fgLlt ;kmn x'g;Sof] .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf $
;Defljt ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ xfd|f] ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs,
cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo / e"–pkof]u cj:yf kl/jt{gdf slt k|ult
ePsf] 5 <
&*&&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
;/sf/L lgsfox?, ;fGble{s ;+u7g / If]qx?;“u k/fdz{ ug]{ . of]hgf
k'g/fjnf]sg / k'gMn]vg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
%= ;fwf/0f k'gnf{e of]hgfdf k|sf]k ljz]ifsf] k'gnf{e of]hgfsf] k|lqmof pNn]v
ug]{ . of] k|lqmof cGtu{t ljleGg ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, lghL /
;fj{hlgs If]qaLrsf] ;dGjo ;+oGqx?sf] af/]df klg pNn]v ug]{ .
^= ;fwf/0f k'gnf{e of]hgfsf] clGtd n]vgnfO{ ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfo, ;+3;+:yf,
;+u7gx?af6 cg'df]bg / x:tfIf/ u/fpg] Aoj:yf ldnfpg] .
&= ;fwf/0f k'gnf{e of]hgfnfO{ k|sflzt ug]{ / a[xb\?kdf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ . o;sf]
k|d'v l;4fGtx?nfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ .
*= abln+bf] kl/l:ylt / cfjZostf cg';f/ k'gnf{e of]hgfnfO{ k/LIf0f ug]{,
cEof; ug]{ / k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ k|lqmof :yflkt ug]{ .
� k'gnf{e of]hgf cGtu{t ;d]l6g'kg]{ If]qx? M
– k'g:yf{kgf÷k"jf{wf/ / dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?sf] k'glg{df{0f .
– /f]huf/L / hLljsf]kfh{g .
– a;f]af; .
– lj:yflkt kl/jf/sf] lkmtL{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
k'gnf{e of]hgf tof/ ug{ lgDg If]qsf bIf AolQmx?sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{
x'G5 .
– cy{, of]hgf, k"jf{wf/ / zx/L ljsf; dGqfno .
– u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? .
– lghL lgdf{0f hut .
– Aofkfl/s hut .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– oyfy{k/s hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / ;DefAo hf]lvd cj:yfsf] cg'dfg .
– k'gnf{e / k'gMlgdf{0f of]hgfsf] nflu clwsf/k|fKt If]qLo / :yfgLo txsf
clwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf .
– ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k|lqmof .
– ljkb\ k'gnf{esf] nflu ah]6 5'§ofpg;Sg] cfly{s lgsfosf] Ifdtf .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
l5d]sL /fi6« ef/tsf] b'O{ k|fGtsf] k'gnf{e /0fgLltsf] t'ngfTds cWoogn]
/fd|f] kf7 l;Sg ;lsG5 .
dxf/fi6« /fHosf] nft'/df ;g\ !((# df e"sDk uPsf] lyof] . e"sDkkl5MEERP (Maharashtra Emergency Earthquake RehabilitationProgram) nfu" ul/of] . k'g:yf{kgf kl/of]hgfnfO{ b|'tultdf ;DkGg u/fpg
o;sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x\of] . kl/of]hgfsf] ;dflKtkl5 MEERP klg vf/]h
ul/of] . MEERP n] ljkb\ cNkLs/0fsf] nflu k|fGtLo /fhwfgL d'DaO{;lxt
c? zx/x?sf] klg of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . t/ of] ;+:yfut x'g;s]g .
kmn:j?k @))$ df cfPsf] af9Lsf] k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{df MEERP sf]
pknAwLn] kmfObf lbg;s]g .
o;sf] l7s ljkl/t ef/tsf] csf]{ k|fGt u'h/ftdf ;g\ @))! df e"sDk
hf“bf GSDMA (Gujarat State Disaster Managemenet Authority)
k'gnf{e r/0fdf lgs} k|efjsf/L /x\of] . o;sf w]/} sf/0fx? lyP . GSDMA
pRr ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?af6 Aoj:yfkg ePsf] lyof] Pjd\ ;DalGwt ljefux?;“u
cGt/;DalGwt u/fOPsf] lyof] . of];“u /sd ljlgof]hg, gLltut ;'wf/, k|ult
k'g/fjnf]sg ug{;Sg] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ lyof] .
u'h/ft kl/of]hgfsf] ;dflKtkl5 klg of] lg/Gt/ /x\of] / u'h/ftsf] ljkb\
/f]syfd / Aoj:yfkgsf] :yfoL c+usf] ?kdf :yflkt x'gk'Uof] . ;du|df eGbf
ljutsf] ef]ufO / kf7x?nfO{ /fHosf] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg of]hgfdf ;dflxt ug]{
;+:yfut cfwf/ tof/ ePsf]n] g} o;sf] k'gnf{e /0fgLlt ;kmn x'g;Sof] .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf $
;Defljt ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ xfd|f] ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs,
cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo / e"–pkof]u cj:yf kl/jt{gdf slt k|ult
ePsf] 5 <
&*&&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
jftfj/0f / k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf] s[lif;DaGwL
cEof;x? :yfgLo jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f ug{ nlIft 5g\ <
hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfon] eljiodf df};d / hnjfo'df
x'g] kl/jt{g;“u cg's"ng x'g] k|of;x? u/]sf] 5 <
vfB ;'/Iff M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo;“u cfkTsfnLg cj:yfsf] nflu pkef]u ug{
kof{Kt vfBfGg ;'/lIft 5 <
;fdflhs ;'/Iff M s] ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xx? -h:t} ul/a, dlxnf, j[4, czQm
cflb_sf] ljkb\sf] a]nf jf ljkb\kl5sf] cj:yfdf cfwf/e"t ;fdflhs ;]jfx?;Dd
kx""“r 5 <
cfly{s ;'/Iff M s] ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xx?;“u ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jrt tyf C0f
of]hgfx? pknAw 5g\ <
ul/aL lgjf/0f M ul/aL;“u h'Wg -vf;ul/ ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xsf]_ xfd|f] ;d'bfo
s'g xb;Dd ;lqmo 5 <
;du| of]hgf M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo :yfgLo ljsf; of]hgfdf -e"–pkof]u of]hgf;lxt_
;+nUg 5 <
lgdf{0f ;+lxtf / dfkb08 M ;a} ejgx?nfO{ e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds agfpg s]
xfd|f] ;d'bfon] l;kmfl/z ul/Psf dfkb08x?nfO{ sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5 <
;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfsf] ;'/Iff M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo;“u ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfx?sf]
lgdf{0f / dd{t ug{;Sg] Ifdtf 5 < h:t} lkpg] kfgL, ;8s, :jf:Yo s]Gb|,
c:yfoL lzlj/ cflb .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ %
;a} txdf k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{
;zQm kfg]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ % n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] lqmofsnfk / cfkTsfnLg
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgaLr ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 . of] lqmofsnfk
cGtu{t gLltut, k|fljlws / ;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4; ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ;
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;dGjo / ;+nUgtf ; ljkb\ k"j{tof/L / cfsl:ds sfo{
;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg÷cBfjlws sfo{; cfkTsfnLg
sf]ifsf] ljsf; ug]{ ;+oGq cflb kb{5g\ .
of] lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog ug'{eGbf klxnf k|efjsf/L ljkb\ k"j{tof/L s;/L ug{
;lsG5 / ljkb\ hf]lvdsf tTjx? s] s] x'g\ eg]/ a'em\g h?/L 5 .
k|fyldstfsf] lqmofsnfk % sf] nflu lgDg sfo{x? ug{ ;lsG5 M
%=! ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{ ;xof]u x'g] vfnsf] ;femf a'emfO / lqmofsnfkx?sf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
%=@ ljkb\ k"j{tof/L Ifdtf / ;+oGqsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
%=# ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf] of]hgf / sfo{qmd ;zQm kfg]{ .
k|ult;"rs M
– ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf] Ifdtf / ;+oGqsf] :jtGq d"Nof+sg . d"Nof+sgsf] ;'emfjx?sf]
sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lglb{i6 lhDd]jf/L / ;|f]t .
– ;a} k|zf;lgs txdf ljkb\ k"j{tof/L of]hgf / cfsl:ds of]hgfx? . ljkb\
k|ltsfo{ sfo{qmdsf] k/LIf0f / ljsf;sf] nflu lgoldt tflnd cEof; /
l/x;{n .
– ljkb\ k"j{tof/Ldf tflndk|fKt / cfjZos ;|f]t;fwgn] ;DkGg ;+u7g,
AolQm / :jo;]jsx?sf] ;+nUgtf .
*)&(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
jftfj/0f / k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf] s[lif;DaGwL
cEof;x? :yfgLo jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f ug{ nlIft 5g\ <
hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfon] eljiodf df};d / hnjfo'df
x'g] kl/jt{g;“u cg's"ng x'g] k|of;x? u/]sf] 5 <
vfB ;'/Iff M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo;“u cfkTsfnLg cj:yfsf] nflu pkef]u ug{
kof{Kt vfBfGg ;'/lIft 5 <
;fdflhs ;'/Iff M s] ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xx? -h:t} ul/a, dlxnf, j[4, czQm
cflb_sf] ljkb\sf] a]nf jf ljkb\kl5sf] cj:yfdf cfwf/e"t ;fdflhs ;]jfx?;Dd
kx""“r 5 <
cfly{s ;'/Iff M s] ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xx?;“u ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jrt tyf C0f
of]hgfx? pknAw 5g\ <
ul/aL lgjf/0f M ul/aL;“u h'Wg -vf;ul/ ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xsf]_ xfd|f] ;d'bfo
s'g xb;Dd ;lqmo 5 <
;du| of]hgf M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo :yfgLo ljsf; of]hgfdf -e"–pkof]u of]hgf;lxt_
;+nUg 5 <
lgdf{0f ;+lxtf / dfkb08 M ;a} ejgx?nfO{ e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds agfpg s]
xfd|f] ;d'bfon] l;kmfl/z ul/Psf dfkb08x?nfO{ sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5 <
;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfsf] ;'/Iff M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo;“u ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfx?sf]
lgdf{0f / dd{t ug{;Sg] Ifdtf 5 < h:t} lkpg] kfgL, ;8s, :jf:Yo s]Gb|,
c:yfoL lzlj/ cflb .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ %
;a} txdf k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{
;zQm kfg]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ % n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] lqmofsnfk / cfkTsfnLg
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgaLr ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 . of] lqmofsnfk
cGtu{t gLltut, k|fljlws / ;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4; ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ;
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;dGjo / ;+nUgtf ; ljkb\ k"j{tof/L / cfsl:ds sfo{
;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg÷cBfjlws sfo{; cfkTsfnLg
sf]ifsf] ljsf; ug]{ ;+oGq cflb kb{5g\ .
of] lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog ug'{eGbf klxnf k|efjsf/L ljkb\ k"j{tof/L s;/L ug{
;lsG5 / ljkb\ hf]lvdsf tTjx? s] s] x'g\ eg]/ a'em\g h?/L 5 .
k|fyldstfsf] lqmofsnfk % sf] nflu lgDg sfo{x? ug{ ;lsG5 M
%=! ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{ ;xof]u x'g] vfnsf] ;femf a'emfO / lqmofsnfkx?sf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
%=@ ljkb\ k"j{tof/L Ifdtf / ;+oGqsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
%=# ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf] of]hgf / sfo{qmd ;zQm kfg]{ .
k|ult;"rs M
– ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf] Ifdtf / ;+oGqsf] :jtGq d"Nof+sg . d"Nof+sgsf] ;'emfjx?sf]
sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lglb{i6 lhDd]jf/L / ;|f]t .
– ;a} k|zf;lgs txdf ljkb\ k"j{tof/L of]hgf / cfsl:ds of]hgfx? . ljkb\
k|ltsfo{ sfo{qmdsf] k/LIf0f / ljsf;sf] nflu lgoldt tflnd cEof; /
l/x;{n .
– ljkb\ k"j{tof/Ldf tflndk|fKt / cfjZos ;|f]t;fwgn] ;DkGg ;+u7g,
AolQm / :jo;]jsx?sf] ;+nUgtf .
*)&(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – $ cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf] nflu kof{Kt cfly{s ;l~rlt / cfsl:ds
;+oGq .
– k|sf]ksf] a]nfsf] cg'ej / k|sf]kl5sf] ljZn]if0fx? 8s'd]G6 ug]{, clen]v
/fVg] Aoj:yf .
%=! ljkb\ k"j {tof/LnfO{ ;xof]u x'g] vfnsf] ;femf a'emfO /
lqmofsnfkx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
o; lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
tyf cfkTsfnLg Aoj:yfkgdf cfa4 ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df NofO{ Ps
;femf a'emfO / lqmofsnfkx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;n] ;a}
;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ /fv]/ k|efjsf/L ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf ;a} cfjZos tTjx?nfO{
;Daf]wg ug]{ cfzf /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
k|efjsf/L ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf] nflu ;femf a'emfO / ;dGjofTds ultljlwx?
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . ljutsf cg'ejx?n] klg s] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] ljleGg IF]qdf
5l/Psf ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yfx?n] ljkbsf]\ k"j{tof/Ldf s'g xb;Dd ;dod} /
;dGjofTds 9+un] sfo{ u/]sf 5g\, TolQ g} ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ k|efjsf/L ePsf]
kfOPsf] 5 . o;f] ubf{ lqmofsnfkx? bf]xf]l/g], 5'6\g] cj:yf cfp“b}g / ;dfgfGt/
sfo{x? klg x'gkfp“b}g . ;a} /fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts / ;fdflhs–cfly{s jftfj/0fdf
;+:yfut ;dGjo ;+oGq cfjZos x'G5 . sfdsf] :ki6 af“8kmf“8, g]t[Tj /
lhDd]jf/Lkgsf] nflu klg ;dGjo / ;femf a'emfOsf] vf“rf] x'G5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f / ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ /0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf;,
of]hgf th'{df, k|j4{gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg;Sg] k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
klxrfg ug]{ .
@= ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu k|efjsf/L 5nkmn rnfpg
;lsg] ;+oGq / ;~hfnx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . -h:t} ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu
/fli6«o d+r_ .
#= Ps jf a9L g]t[TjbfoL ;+:yf / h'emf? cu'jf (champion) x?sf] klxrfg
ug]{ . cu'jfx? eg]sf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / k|ltsfo{sf] ;+of]hg tyf
o; sfo{nfO{ ;fj{hlgs k|fyldstfsf] ljifo agfpg OR5's ;d'bfosf
hf“ul/nf k|ltlglwx? x'g\ .
$= OR5's ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e]nf ug]{ .
%= ;femf nIo, p2]Zo, If]q, d'2f, sfo{z}nL / cfwf/e"t lgodx?df ;xdlt
sfod ug]{ .
^= k|efjsf/L ;dGjosf] nflu cfjZos k|fyldstfsf If]qx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
h:t} M ;+:yfut cGt/;DaGw, ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg cflb .
&= klxrfg ul/Psf k|fyldstfx?df sfd ug{ ;+o'Qm sfo{;d"x jf ;ldltx?
u7g ug]{ .
*= ;Dk"0f{ ;dGjosf] nflu ;+oGq v8f ug]{ . o;df k|ult ;"rs to ug]{ /
kl/0ffdx?nfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ s'/f klg ;dflji6 ug]{ .
(= Pscfk;aLrsf] ax;nfO{ :yfoLTj / lg/Gt/tf lbg] Aoj:yfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
!)= k|d'v clwsf/Lx?, ;xefuL ;+:yfx? / ;j{;fwf/0fx?df 5nkmnsf] glthf
;Dk|]if0f ug{ Ps k|0ffnLsf] Aoj:yf ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– k"j{r]tfjgL, k"j{tof/L, r]tgf clej[l4, hf]lvd 1fg k|jfx h:tf IF]qdf
sfd ug]{ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf Aoj:yfksx? .
– k"j{tof/L / ;Defljt of]hgf th'{df ug]{, cfkTsfnLg cj:yfdf k|ltsfo{
tyf ;|f]t kl/rfng ug]{ ljkb\ tyf k|ltsfo{ Aoj:yfksx? .
– ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx? .
– u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? .
– gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox? .
– lghL If]qsf k|ltlglwx? .
*@*!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – % cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf] nflu kof{Kt cfly{s ;l~rlt / cfsl:ds
;+oGq .
– k|sf]ksf] a]nfsf] cg'ej / k|sf]kl5sf] ljZn]if0fx? 8s'd]G6 ug]{, clen]v
/fVg] Aoj:yf .
%=! ljkb\ k"j {tof/LnfO{ ;xof]u x'g] vfnsf] ;femf a'emfO /
lqmofsnfkx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
o; lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
tyf cfkTsfnLg Aoj:yfkgdf cfa4 ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df NofO{ Ps
;femf a'emfO / lqmofsnfkx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;n] ;a}
;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ /fv]/ k|efjsf/L ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf ;a} cfjZos tTjx?nfO{
;Daf]wg ug]{ cfzf /fv]sf] 5 .
� dxTj M
k|efjsf/L ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf] nflu ;femf a'emfO / ;dGjofTds ultljlwx?
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . ljutsf cg'ejx?n] klg s] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] ljleGg IF]qdf
5l/Psf ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yfx?n] ljkbsf]\ k"j{tof/Ldf s'g xb;Dd ;dod} /
;dGjofTds 9+un] sfo{ u/]sf 5g\, TolQ g} ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ k|efjsf/L ePsf]
kfOPsf] 5 . o;f] ubf{ lqmofsnfkx? bf]xf]l/g], 5'6\g] cj:yf cfp“b}g / ;dfgfGt/
sfo{x? klg x'gkfp“b}g . ;a} /fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts / ;fdflhs–cfly{s jftfj/0fdf
;+:yfut ;dGjo ;+oGq cfjZos x'G5 . sfdsf] :ki6 af“8kmf“8, g]t[Tj /
lhDd]jf/Lkgsf] nflu klg ;dGjo / ;femf a'emfOsf] vf“rf] x'G5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f / ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ /0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf;,
of]hgf th'{df, k|j4{gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg;Sg] k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
klxrfg ug]{ .
@= ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu k|efjsf/L 5nkmn rnfpg
;lsg] ;+oGq / ;~hfnx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . -h:t} ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu
/fli6«o d+r_ .
#= Ps jf a9L g]t[TjbfoL ;+:yf / h'emf? cu'jf (champion) x?sf] klxrfg
ug]{ . cu'jfx? eg]sf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / k|ltsfo{sf] ;+of]hg tyf
o; sfo{nfO{ ;fj{hlgs k|fyldstfsf] ljifo agfpg OR5's ;d'bfosf
hf“ul/nf k|ltlglwx? x'g\ .
$= OR5's ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e]nf ug]{ .
%= ;femf nIo, p2]Zo, If]q, d'2f, sfo{z}nL / cfwf/e"t lgodx?df ;xdlt
sfod ug]{ .
^= k|efjsf/L ;dGjosf] nflu cfjZos k|fyldstfsf If]qx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
h:t} M ;+:yfut cGt/;DaGw, ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg cflb .
&= klxrfg ul/Psf k|fyldstfx?df sfd ug{ ;+o'Qm sfo{;d"x jf ;ldltx?
u7g ug]{ .
*= ;Dk"0f{ ;dGjosf] nflu ;+oGq v8f ug]{ . o;df k|ult ;"rs to ug]{ /
kl/0ffdx?nfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ s'/f klg ;dflji6 ug]{ .
(= Pscfk;aLrsf] ax;nfO{ :yfoLTj / lg/Gt/tf lbg] Aoj:yfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
!)= k|d'v clwsf/Lx?, ;xefuL ;+:yfx? / ;j{;fwf/0fx?df 5nkmnsf] glthf
;Dk|]if0f ug{ Ps k|0ffnLsf] Aoj:yf ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– k"j{r]tfjgL, k"j{tof/L, r]tgf clej[l4, hf]lvd 1fg k|jfx h:tf IF]qdf
sfd ug]{ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf Aoj:yfksx? .
– k"j{tof/L / ;Defljt of]hgf th'{df ug]{, cfkTsfnLg cj:yfdf k|ltsfo{
tyf ;|f]t kl/rfng ug]{ ljkb\ tyf k|ltsfo{ Aoj:yfksx? .
– ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx? .
– u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? .
– gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox? .
– lghL If]qsf k|ltlglwx? .
*@*!
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – % cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f / ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ lgsfox?k|lt ;xof]u / /fhg}lts k|lta4tf .
– e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj af]s]sf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / k|ltsfo{ b'j}
If]qsf dxTjk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ljj/0f .
– ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f, k"j{tof/L / ljkb\ k|ltsfo{sf nflu ul/g] kxn, sfo{qmd
/ of]hgfsf] ?k/]vf÷gS;f .
– j}wflgs ;+:yfut sfo{ ;+/rgfx?sf] d"Nof+sg, ljsf; / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf]
nflu cfjZos Ifdtf / ;|f]tx? .
– :ki6 /0fgLlt / k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? cg';f/ cfof]lht sfo{qmdx?df
k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutf .
– Ps k|efjzfnL ;+rf/ ;xhstf{ .
– ax;x? rnfpgsf nflu cfjZos k[i7e"ldsf hfgsf/Lx? . h:t} hf]lvd
lgwf{/0f Pjd\ gLlt, lgod, /0fgLlt, of]hgf cflb .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / k|ltsfo{, e"–pkof]u / zx/L of]hgf, cfly{s
ljsf; / jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iffsf nflu ljBdfg ;+:yfut Aoj:yfsf] ;+If]kdf
hfgsf/L .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g\ @))) sf] af9Lkl5 ef/tsf] klZrd a+ufn /fHodf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t
k"j{tof/L kl/of]hgf nfu" ul/of] . of] kl/of]hgfn] s] dfGotf /fv]sf] lyof] eg]
obL ;d'bfox? tDtof/ /x] eg] Iflt Go"gLs/0f / k|ltsfo{sf sfdx? k|efjsf/L
/xG5g\ .
of] kl/of]hgf cGtu{t ;xeflutfd"ns cjwf/0ff cg';f/ k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{
sfo{ of]hgf agfpg nufOof] . of] sfo{ of]hgfdf hf]lvd gS;f agfOof] h;af6
hf]lvdo'Qm, sd hf]lvdo'Qm / ;'/lIft :yfgsf] klxrfg ul/of] / oL k|To]s
If]qdf a:g] hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f tof/ ul/of] . ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ dlxnf,
s]6fs]6L, a'9fa'9L, ue{jtL, ;'Ts]/L, czQm cflb tTjnfO{ klg ;dflji6 ul/of]
o;sf ;fy} ljkb\ hf]lvd sd ug{ ;d'bfo;“u /x]sf] ;|f]tx?, ;d'bfon] ljkb\
cl3, ljkb\sf] bf}/fg / kl5 ug'{kg]{ sfo{x? nufotsf] ;"lr klg tof/ ul/of] .
of] kl/of]hgfn] ubf{ ;g\ @))) df eGbf ;g\ @))$ sf] af9Ldf hf]lvd /
Iflt sd ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofof] . ;g\ @))) df # xhf/ 3/w'/Ln] Iflt a]xf]g'{k/]sf]
lyof] eg] ;g\ @))$ df slQ klg k/]g . o:t} k"j{tof/Lsf] qmddf k|To]s
3/w'/Ln] &–!) lbg;Ddsf] nflu vfBfGg ;l~rt u/]sf]n] ;f] cjlw;Dd cfkm\g}
;|f]taf6 vfBfGgsf] ;+s6 6¥of] . o:t} af9Lkl5 /f]uAofwLx? klg km}ng kfPg .
%=@ ljkb\ k"j{tof/L Ifdtf / ;+oGqsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
o; sfo{n] ljBdfg k|0ffnL / ;|f]tx?sf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ tyf k|efjsf/L ljkb\
k|ltsfo{sf nflu cfjZostfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ p2]Zo /fVb5 . d"Nof+sg ubf{ ;a}
txdf pknAw ;|f]t, /x]sf] Ifdtf, rfn' of]hgf / k|lqmofx?, ;+rf/ / ;dGjo
k|0ffnLx?df Wofg lbOg'kb{5 .
� dxTj M
Ifdtf lgwf{/0f sfo{n] ljkb\ k"j{tof/L ;+oGqdf ul/g'kg]{ ;'wf/ sfo{sf]
nflu 1fg / pTk|]/0ff k|bfg ub{5 . Ifdtf lgwf{/0fn] ;/sf/L lgsfo /
gful/s ;dfhsf n'Kt ;|f]t,bIftf / ;DklQsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbG5 h;nfO{
ubf{ k"j{tof/L, k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{e r/0fdf cfjZostf cg';f/ k|of]u ug{
;lsG5 . o:t} k|d'v sdhf]/Lx? phfu/ eO{ ;'wf/sf] k|of; ug{ ;lsG5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= d"Nof+sgsf] If]q lglZrt ug]{ .
@= pknAw ;|f]tx?sf] k|of]u u/]/ hfgsf/Lx? ;+sng ug]{ . h:t} sfg"g,
gLltlgod, /0fgLlt, of]hgf, ;+:yfut Aoj:yfkgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg cflb .
#= ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? / cGo k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx? -:yfgLo ljkb\
cg';Gwfgstf{, ;+:yfx?, n}+lus;jfnsf lj1x?_ ;“u cGtjf{tf{ lng] .
$= cWoog cg';Gwfg / k|ltj]bgx?df pNn]v ul/Psf k'/fgf ljkb\sf 36gfx?,
l;sfOx?nfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
*$*#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – % cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f / ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ lgsfox?k|lt ;xof]u / /fhg}lts k|lta4tf .
– e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj af]s]sf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / k|ltsfo{ b'j}
If]qsf dxTjk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ljj/0f .
– ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f, k"j{tof/L / ljkb\ k|ltsfo{sf nflu ul/g] kxn, sfo{qmd
/ of]hgfsf] ?k/]vf÷gS;f .
– j}wflgs ;+:yfut sfo{ ;+/rgfx?sf] d"Nof+sg, ljsf; / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf]
nflu cfjZos Ifdtf / ;|f]tx? .
– :ki6 /0fgLlt / k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? cg';f/ cfof]lht sfo{qmdx?df
k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutf .
– Ps k|efjzfnL ;+rf/ ;xhstf{ .
– ax;x? rnfpgsf nflu cfjZos k[i7e"ldsf hfgsf/Lx? . h:t} hf]lvd
lgwf{/0f Pjd\ gLlt, lgod, /0fgLlt, of]hgf cflb .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / k|ltsfo{, e"–pkof]u / zx/L of]hgf, cfly{s
ljsf; / jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iffsf nflu ljBdfg ;+:yfut Aoj:yfsf] ;+If]kdf
hfgsf/L .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g\ @))) sf] af9Lkl5 ef/tsf] klZrd a+ufn /fHodf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t
k"j{tof/L kl/of]hgf nfu" ul/of] . of] kl/of]hgfn] s] dfGotf /fv]sf] lyof] eg]
obL ;d'bfox? tDtof/ /x] eg] Iflt Go"gLs/0f / k|ltsfo{sf sfdx? k|efjsf/L
/xG5g\ .
of] kl/of]hgf cGtu{t ;xeflutfd"ns cjwf/0ff cg';f/ k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{
sfo{ of]hgf agfpg nufOof] . of] sfo{ of]hgfdf hf]lvd gS;f agfOof] h;af6
hf]lvdo'Qm, sd hf]lvdo'Qm / ;'/lIft :yfgsf] klxrfg ul/of] / oL k|To]s
If]qdf a:g] hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f tof/ ul/of] . ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ dlxnf,
s]6fs]6L, a'9fa'9L, ue{jtL, ;'Ts]/L, czQm cflb tTjnfO{ klg ;dflji6 ul/of]
o;sf ;fy} ljkb\ hf]lvd sd ug{ ;d'bfo;“u /x]sf] ;|f]tx?, ;d'bfon] ljkb\
cl3, ljkb\sf] bf}/fg / kl5 ug'{kg]{ sfo{x? nufotsf] ;"lr klg tof/ ul/of] .
of] kl/of]hgfn] ubf{ ;g\ @))) df eGbf ;g\ @))$ sf] af9Ldf hf]lvd /
Iflt sd ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofof] . ;g\ @))) df # xhf/ 3/w'/Ln] Iflt a]xf]g'{k/]sf]
lyof] eg] ;g\ @))$ df slQ klg k/]g . o:t} k"j{tof/Lsf] qmddf k|To]s
3/w'/Ln] &–!) lbg;Ddsf] nflu vfBfGg ;l~rt u/]sf]n] ;f] cjlw;Dd cfkm\g}
;|f]taf6 vfBfGgsf] ;+s6 6¥of] . o:t} af9Lkl5 /f]uAofwLx? klg km}ng kfPg .
%=@ ljkb\ k"j{tof/L Ifdtf / ;+oGqsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
� p2]Zo M
o; sfo{n] ljBdfg k|0ffnL / ;|f]tx?sf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ tyf k|efjsf/L ljkb\
k|ltsfo{sf nflu cfjZostfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ p2]Zo /fVb5 . d"Nof+sg ubf{ ;a}
txdf pknAw ;|f]t, /x]sf] Ifdtf, rfn' of]hgf / k|lqmofx?, ;+rf/ / ;dGjo
k|0ffnLx?df Wofg lbOg'kb{5 .
� dxTj M
Ifdtf lgwf{/0f sfo{n] ljkb\ k"j{tof/L ;+oGqdf ul/g'kg]{ ;'wf/ sfo{sf]
nflu 1fg / pTk|]/0ff k|bfg ub{5 . Ifdtf lgwf{/0fn] ;/sf/L lgsfo /
gful/s ;dfhsf n'Kt ;|f]t,bIftf / ;DklQsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbG5 h;nfO{
ubf{ k"j{tof/L, k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{e r/0fdf cfjZostf cg';f/ k|of]u ug{
;lsG5 . o:t} k|d'v sdhf]/Lx? phfu/ eO{ ;'wf/sf] k|of; ug{ ;lsG5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= d"Nof+sgsf] If]q lglZrt ug]{ .
@= pknAw ;|f]tx?sf] k|of]u u/]/ hfgsf/Lx? ;+sng ug]{ . h:t} sfg"g,
gLltlgod, /0fgLlt, of]hgf, ;+:yfut Aoj:yfkgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg cflb .
#= ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? / cGo k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx? -:yfgLo ljkb\
cg';Gwfgstf{, ;+:yfx?, n}+lus;jfnsf lj1x?_ ;“u cGtjf{tf{ lng] .
$= cWoog cg';Gwfg / k|ltj]bgx?df pNn]v ul/Psf k'/fgf ljkb\sf 36gfx?,
l;sfOx?nfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
*$*#
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – % cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
%= dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x?sf] ljBdfg Ifdtfsf] alnof] / sdhf]/ kIfx?sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ . -dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ eGgfn] ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ Aoj:yfkg,
;dGjo, lgoGq0f / cfb]z, cf}iflw nufotsf hLjg/Ifs ;fdu|Lsf]
cfk"lt{ cflb ._
^= ;'wf/sf If]qx? klxNofpg], ljBdfg k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ / l;sfOsf
cj;/x? vf]Hg], cGt/f{li6«o, IF]qLo, /fli6«o / :yfgLo txdf ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
&= ;a} txsf] Ifdtf ;'wf/ ug{, l/Qmtf k"lt{ ug{ ljlzi6 ;'emfjx?;lxtsf]
k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{ .
*= k|ltj]bgnfO{ rf}tkmL{?kdf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ .
Ifdtf lgwf{/0fsf ;DefAo If]qx? oL x'g;S5g\ M
!= k"j{tof/Lsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf] lgwf{/0f .
@= k"j{tof/Lsf] nflu hf]lvd / ljkb\ cg'udgk|ltsf] a'emfO .
#= k"j{tof/Lsf] nflu ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg / ;+rf/sf] lgwf{/0f .
$= k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] d"Nof+sg .
%= k"j{tof/Lsf] nflu ;r]tgf ultljlw / 1fgsf] lgwf{/0f .
^= k"j{tof/L of]hgfsf] d"Nof+sg .
&= tof/L cj:yfdf /flvPsf] Aoj:yfsf] lgwf{/0f .
*= k|ltsfo{ ;+oGqsf] lgwf{/0f .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– k"j{r]tfjgL tyf k"j{tof/L, r]tgf tyf hf]lvd 1fg clej[l4 h:tf sfdx?
ug]{ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f Aoj:yfksx? .
– k"j{tof/L / ;Defljt of]hgf th'{df ug]{ Pjd\ cfkTsfnLg cj:yfdf
k|ltsfo{ / ;|f]t kl/rfng ug]{ ljkb\ tyf k|ltsfo{ Aoj:yfksx? .
– ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx? .
– u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? .
– gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox? .
– lghL If]qsf k|ltlglwx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– Ifdtf lgwf{/0fsfnflu ;+:yfut ;xof]u .
– dfgjLo / ljlQo ;|f]tx? .
– ax';+u7gfTds ;d"x .
– ;xeflutfd"ns :jod\d"Nof+sg k|lqmofk|lt k|lta4tf .
– cfkTsfnLg of]hgf / k|lqmof, ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ljj/0f Pjd\ tflnd
/]s8{df kx""r .
– k'/fgf ljkb\ 36gfaf/] ul/Psf cWoog, cg';Gwfg / k|ltj]bgx?sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
d+uf]lnog ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] /fi6«sf] ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ Ifdtfsf] lgwf{/0f ug{
;xfotfsf] cg'/f]w u/]kl5 ;g\ @))$ df OCHA n] UNDAC sf] l6dnfO{
Toxf“ k7fof] . UNDAC l6dn] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;“u e]6 u/L pknAwLx?sf]
d"Nof+sg u¥of] / ;'emfjx? lbof] . csf]{ jif{ ;g\ @))% df OCHA n] cfkm\gf]
l6d km]l/ k7fO ;'emfjx?sf] cjnDag slQsf] eof] eg]/ a'em\g] sfo{ u¥of] .
To;qmddf Psjif{sf] bf}/fg ;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ug]{qmddf dxTjk"0f{ pknAwLx?
ePsf] kfOof] .
oL Ifdtf lgwf{/0fsf sfo{x?n] ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ If]qx?sf] klxrfg u/fof] . tL
If]qx? /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o cfkTsfnLg Aoj:yfkg lgsfoaLrsf] ;xsfo{,
;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg, ah]6, tflnd, cfjZos pks/0f cflb /x]sf lyP . of]
d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bg cfkm}+df /fhg}lts 5nkmnsf] ljifo aGof] . o;nfO{ ;+o'Qm
/fi6«;+3n] klg /fd|f cEof;x?dWo] u0fgf u/]sf] lyof] .
%=# ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf] of]hgf / sfo{qmdx? ;zQm kfg]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ k"j{tof/L of]hgf tyf o;;“u ;DalGwt cGo
lqmofsnfkx? ljsf; ug{sf] nflu ;xof]uL cf}hf/ / k|lqmofut ;xfotf k|bfg ug]{
nIo lnPsf] 5 .*^*%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – % cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
%= dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x?sf] ljBdfg Ifdtfsf] alnof] / sdhf]/ kIfx?sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ . -dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ eGgfn] ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ Aoj:yfkg,
;dGjo, lgoGq0f / cfb]z, cf}iflw nufotsf hLjg/Ifs ;fdu|Lsf]
cfk"lt{ cflb ._
^= ;'wf/sf If]qx? klxNofpg], ljBdfg k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ / l;sfOsf
cj;/x? vf]Hg], cGt/f{li6«o, IF]qLo, /fli6«o / :yfgLo txdf ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
&= ;a} txsf] Ifdtf ;'wf/ ug{, l/Qmtf k"lt{ ug{ ljlzi6 ;'emfjx?;lxtsf]
k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{ .
*= k|ltj]bgnfO{ rf}tkmL{?kdf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ .
Ifdtf lgwf{/0fsf ;DefAo If]qx? oL x'g;S5g\ M
!= k"j{tof/Lsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf] lgwf{/0f .
@= k"j{tof/Lsf] nflu hf]lvd / ljkb\ cg'udgk|ltsf] a'emfO .
#= k"j{tof/Lsf] nflu ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg / ;+rf/sf] lgwf{/0f .
$= k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] d"Nof+sg .
%= k"j{tof/Lsf] nflu ;r]tgf ultljlw / 1fgsf] lgwf{/0f .
^= k"j{tof/L of]hgfsf] d"Nof+sg .
&= tof/L cj:yfdf /flvPsf] Aoj:yfsf] lgwf{/0f .
*= k|ltsfo{ ;+oGqsf] lgwf{/0f .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– k"j{r]tfjgL tyf k"j{tof/L, r]tgf tyf hf]lvd 1fg clej[l4 h:tf sfdx?
ug]{ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f Aoj:yfksx? .
– k"j{tof/L / ;Defljt of]hgf th'{df ug]{ Pjd\ cfkTsfnLg cj:yfdf
k|ltsfo{ / ;|f]t kl/rfng ug]{ ljkb\ tyf k|ltsfo{ Aoj:yfksx? .
– ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx? .
– u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? .
– gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox? .
– lghL If]qsf k|ltlglwx? .
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– Ifdtf lgwf{/0fsfnflu ;+:yfut ;xof]u .
– dfgjLo / ljlQo ;|f]tx? .
– ax';+u7gfTds ;d"x .
– ;xeflutfd"ns :jod\d"Nof+sg k|lqmofk|lt k|lta4tf .
– cfkTsfnLg of]hgf / k|lqmof, ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ljj/0f Pjd\ tflnd
/]s8{df kx""r .
– k'/fgf ljkb\ 36gfaf/] ul/Psf cWoog, cg';Gwfg / k|ltj]bgx?sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
d+uf]lnog ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] /fi6«sf] ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ Ifdtfsf] lgwf{/0f ug{
;xfotfsf] cg'/f]w u/]kl5 ;g\ @))$ df OCHA n] UNDAC sf] l6dnfO{
Toxf“ k7fof] . UNDAC l6dn] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;“u e]6 u/L pknAwLx?sf]
d"Nof+sg u¥of] / ;'emfjx? lbof] . csf]{ jif{ ;g\ @))% df OCHA n] cfkm\gf]
l6d km]l/ k7fO ;'emfjx?sf] cjnDag slQsf] eof] eg]/ a'em\g] sfo{ u¥of] .
To;qmddf Psjif{sf] bf}/fg ;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ug]{qmddf dxTjk"0f{ pknAwLx?
ePsf] kfOof] .
oL Ifdtf lgwf{/0fsf sfo{x?n] ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ If]qx?sf] klxrfg u/fof] . tL
If]qx? /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o cfkTsfnLg Aoj:yfkg lgsfoaLrsf] ;xsfo{,
;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg, ah]6, tflnd, cfjZos pks/0f cflb /x]sf lyP . of]
d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bg cfkm}+df /fhg}lts 5nkmnsf] ljifo aGof] . o;nfO{ ;+o'Qm
/fi6«;+3n] klg /fd|f cEof;x?dWo] u0fgf u/]sf] lyof] .
%=# ljkb\ k"j{tof/Lsf] of]hgf / sfo{qmdx? ;zQm kfg]{ .
� p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb\ k"j{tof/L of]hgf tyf o;;“u ;DalGwt cGo
lqmofsnfkx? ljsf; ug{sf] nflu ;xof]uL cf}hf/ / k|lqmofut ;xfotf k|bfg ug]{
nIo lnPsf] 5 .*^*%
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – % cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� dxTj M
ljkb\sf] ;dodf k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{ / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ljkb\
k"j{tof/L of]hgf / ;DefAo of]hgfx?sf] ljsf; ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5 . hLjg /
hLljsfsf] ;'/Iffdf /fd|f] k"j{tof/L of]hgfsf] e"ldsf k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 .
/fd|f] of]hgfn] hlt Ho"wg / hLljsf]kfh{gsf] ;'/Iff lbG5, sdhf]/ of]hgfn]
Tolt g} a9L hf]lvd / Iflt k'¥ofp“b5 .
k"j{tof/L of]hgf k|lqmofsf] p2]Zo of]hgf dfq lgdf{0f ug'{ xf]Og . o;n] t
;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLrsf] cGtlqm{ofnfO{ pTk|]l/t u/]/ ;femf ;xdlt / a'emfOtkm{
pGd'v u/fpg ;Sg'kb{5 . o;sf] ;fy} k"0f{;"lrt, Aofks?kdf cg'df]lbt /
jf:tljs kl/l:yltdf klg ptfg{ ;lsg] of]hgf aGg'kb{5 . /fd|f] of]hgfsf p2]Zo
/ If]q :ki6 x'G5g\, lhDd]jf/L lglb{i6 ul/Psf x'G5g\ / u'0f:t/o'Qm ;+rfng
k|lqmof pNn]v ul/Psf x'G5g\ . ptf ;DefAo of]hgfx?n] eg] ;Defljt 36gfx?nfO{
Wofgdf /fv]/ kof{Kt tof/LnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/fp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= Pp6f of]hgf ;ldlt agfpg] . ;ldltdf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;+u7gsf gLltut
txsf / k|fljlws sd{rf/Lx?, Aofkfl/s / ;fj{hlgs If]qsf k|ltlglwx?
;dflji6 ug]{ . of]hgf k|lqmofsf] ;dotflnsf, pQ/bfloTj / If]q :ki6 ug]{ .
@= of]hgf ljsf;df g]t[Tj ug{;Sg] lgsfosf] rog ug]{ . of] lgsfon] of]hgf
cjnDagnfO{ ;'lglZrttf / sfof{Gjog cg'udg ug{;Sg' kb{5 .
#= pknAw ePhlt lnlvt b:tfj]hx? hDdf ug]{ . h:t} ljkb\ kl/b[Zo,
;+s6f;Ggtf, ljBdfg gLlt, sfo{qmd, /0fgLlt cflb .
$= k|sf]k lgwf{/0f ug]{ . pQm k|sf]kaf6 pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf lqmofsnfkx?,
;+/rgfx? / ;+s6f;Ggtf klxrfg ug]{ . k'gnf{e of]hgfsf] nflu ef}lts /
cfly{s ljsf;;DaGwL of]hgf / b:tfj]hx? ;+sng ug]{ . k|ltsfo{ /
k'gnf{esf] nflu pknAw ;|f]t / Ifdtf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
%= hf]lvd / Ifdtf lgwf{/0fsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ . ljljw lsl;dsf k|sf]k nlIft
of]hgfsf k|fyldstf / cfjZostfx? ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
^= ljleGg lsl;dsf k|sf]kx?df k|ltsfo{ ug{ ;Sg] g]t[TjbfoL lgsfo klxrfg
ug]{ / e"ldsf k|bfg ug]{ . tL lgsfox?af6 / lgsfox?df cj:yf /
cfjZostfaf/] hfgsf/L cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;+rf/ k|0ffnL :yflkt ug]{ .
&= k'gnf{e / k'gMlgdf{0fsf] g]t[Tj s;n] ug]{ < ljBdfg jf gof“ s'g lgsfoaf6
of] Aoj:yfkg ul/g] eg]/ lglZrttf ug]{ .
*= ljleGg lgsfox?, ljleGg txsf ;/sf/L c+ux?, lghL / ;fj{hlgs
If]qaLr ;dGjosf] nflu ;+oGqx?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
(= tTsfnsf] cj:yf d"Nof+sg, Iflt d"Nof+sg, cfjZostf cf"sng ug]{
k|0ffnLsf] lgdf{0f Pjd\ k/LIf0f ug]{ .
!)= u'0f:t/o'Qm ;+rfng k|lqmof, lkmN8 lgb]{lzsf, r]sln:6, ;Dks{ ;"lr /
;|f]tx?sf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ . Ifdtf / bIftfnfO{ n}+lus cfwf/df klg
;dfj]z ug]{ .
!!= k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{e of]hgfsf] of]hgf tof/ kfg]{ . ;/sf/L lgsfo, OR5's
;+u7g, lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs If]q;“u o;af/] k/fdz{ ug]{ . lgoldt?kdf
k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt ug]{ / ;jfnx? ;Daf]wg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
!@= of]hgfdf cfjZos kl/jt{gx? ug]{ . ;a} ;DalGwt ;+u7gx?af6 of]hgfnfO{
cg'df]bg / x:tfIf/ ug]{ / k|sfzg ug]{ Aoj:yf ldnfpg] .
!#= of]hgfsf k|d'v cjwf/0ffnfO{ rf}tkmL{ ;Dk|]if0f / k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ .
!$= abln+bf] kl/l:ylt / cfjZostf cg';f/ of]hgfnfO{ lgoldt cg'udg ug]{,
kmnf]–ck ug]{, k/LIf0f ug]{, kl/dfh{g ug]{ k|lqmof :yflkt ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– gful/s ;'/Iff / of]hgf sfo{df pQ/bfoL dGqfno / ;+oGqx? . -h:t}
:yfgLo ljsf;, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw, u[x, cy{, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u cflb ._
– ljsf; If]q;“u ;DalGwt k|d'v dGqfnox? . -h:t} M :jf:Yo, lzIff, s[lif cflb ._
– /fli6«o / :yfgLo ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg lgsfo÷k|0ffnLx? .
– ;fGble{s /fli6«o / :yfgLo ;+:yfx? . -h:t} M hnk|sf]k lgoGq0f sfof{no,
ef}ule{s ;j]{If0f sfof{no, k|fl1s / cg';Gwfg ;+:yfx? .
– :yfgLo ;/sf/ -lhlj;, uflj;_ / gu/kflnsfx? .
– gful/s ;dfh / ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx? .
– u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? .
– cGt/fli6«o / ;+o'\Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox? .***&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – % cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� dxTj M
ljkb\sf] ;dodf k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{ / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ljkb\
k"j{tof/L of]hgf / ;DefAo of]hgfx?sf] ljsf; ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5 . hLjg /
hLljsfsf] ;'/Iffdf /fd|f] k"j{tof/L of]hgfsf] e"ldsf k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 .
/fd|f] of]hgfn] hlt Ho"wg / hLljsf]kfh{gsf] ;'/Iff lbG5, sdhf]/ of]hgfn]
Tolt g} a9L hf]lvd / Iflt k'¥ofp“b5 .
k"j{tof/L of]hgf k|lqmofsf] p2]Zo of]hgf dfq lgdf{0f ug'{ xf]Og . o;n] t
;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLrsf] cGtlqm{ofnfO{ pTk|]l/t u/]/ ;femf ;xdlt / a'emfOtkm{
pGd'v u/fpg ;Sg'kb{5 . o;sf] ;fy} k"0f{;"lrt, Aofks?kdf cg'df]lbt /
jf:tljs kl/l:yltdf klg ptfg{ ;lsg] of]hgf aGg'kb{5 . /fd|f] of]hgfsf p2]Zo
/ If]q :ki6 x'G5g\, lhDd]jf/L lglb{i6 ul/Psf x'G5g\ / u'0f:t/o'Qm ;+rfng
k|lqmof pNn]v ul/Psf x'G5g\ . ptf ;DefAo of]hgfx?n] eg] ;Defljt 36gfx?nfO{
Wofgdf /fv]/ kof{Kt tof/LnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/fp“b5 .
� sfo{ ljlw M
!= Pp6f of]hgf ;ldlt agfpg] . ;ldltdf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;+u7gsf gLltut
txsf / k|fljlws sd{rf/Lx?, Aofkfl/s / ;fj{hlgs If]qsf k|ltlglwx?
;dflji6 ug]{ . of]hgf k|lqmofsf] ;dotflnsf, pQ/bfloTj / If]q :ki6 ug]{ .
@= of]hgf ljsf;df g]t[Tj ug{;Sg] lgsfosf] rog ug]{ . of] lgsfon] of]hgf
cjnDagnfO{ ;'lglZrttf / sfof{Gjog cg'udg ug{;Sg' kb{5 .
#= pknAw ePhlt lnlvt b:tfj]hx? hDdf ug]{ . h:t} ljkb\ kl/b[Zo,
;+s6f;Ggtf, ljBdfg gLlt, sfo{qmd, /0fgLlt cflb .
$= k|sf]k lgwf{/0f ug]{ . pQm k|sf]kaf6 pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf lqmofsnfkx?,
;+/rgfx? / ;+s6f;Ggtf klxrfg ug]{ . k'gnf{e of]hgfsf] nflu ef}lts /
cfly{s ljsf;;DaGwL of]hgf / b:tfj]hx? ;+sng ug]{ . k|ltsfo{ /
k'gnf{esf] nflu pknAw ;|f]t / Ifdtf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
%= hf]lvd / Ifdtf lgwf{/0fsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ . ljljw lsl;dsf k|sf]k nlIft
of]hgfsf k|fyldstf / cfjZostfx? ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
^= ljleGg lsl;dsf k|sf]kx?df k|ltsfo{ ug{ ;Sg] g]t[TjbfoL lgsfo klxrfg
ug]{ / e"ldsf k|bfg ug]{ . tL lgsfox?af6 / lgsfox?df cj:yf /
cfjZostfaf/] hfgsf/L cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;+rf/ k|0ffnL :yflkt ug]{ .
&= k'gnf{e / k'gMlgdf{0fsf] g]t[Tj s;n] ug]{ < ljBdfg jf gof“ s'g lgsfoaf6
of] Aoj:yfkg ul/g] eg]/ lglZrttf ug]{ .
*= ljleGg lgsfox?, ljleGg txsf ;/sf/L c+ux?, lghL / ;fj{hlgs
If]qaLr ;dGjosf] nflu ;+oGqx?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
(= tTsfnsf] cj:yf d"Nof+sg, Iflt d"Nof+sg, cfjZostf cf"sng ug]{
k|0ffnLsf] lgdf{0f Pjd\ k/LIf0f ug]{ .
!)= u'0f:t/o'Qm ;+rfng k|lqmof, lkmN8 lgb]{lzsf, r]sln:6, ;Dks{ ;"lr /
;|f]tx?sf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ . Ifdtf / bIftfnfO{ n}+lus cfwf/df klg
;dfj]z ug]{ .
!!= k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{e of]hgfsf] of]hgf tof/ kfg]{ . ;/sf/L lgsfo, OR5's
;+u7g, lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs If]q;“u o;af/] k/fdz{ ug]{ . lgoldt?kdf
k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt ug]{ / ;jfnx? ;Daf]wg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
!@= of]hgfdf cfjZos kl/jt{gx? ug]{ . ;a} ;DalGwt ;+u7gx?af6 of]hgfnfO{
cg'df]bg / x:tfIf/ ug]{ / k|sfzg ug]{ Aoj:yf ldnfpg] .
!#= of]hgfsf k|d'v cjwf/0ffnfO{ rf}tkmL{ ;Dk|]if0f / k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ .
!$= abln+bf] kl/l:ylt / cfjZostf cg';f/ of]hgfnfO{ lgoldt cg'udg ug]{,
kmnf]–ck ug]{, k/LIf0f ug]{, kl/dfh{g ug]{ k|lqmof :yflkt ug]{ .
� pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– gful/s ;'/Iff / of]hgf sfo{df pQ/bfoL dGqfno / ;+oGqx? . -h:t}
:yfgLo ljsf;, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw, u[x, cy{, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u cflb ._
– ljsf; If]q;“u ;DalGwt k|d'v dGqfnox? . -h:t} M :jf:Yo, lzIff, s[lif cflb ._
– /fli6«o / :yfgLo ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg lgsfo÷k|0ffnLx? .
– ;fGble{s /fli6«o / :yfgLo ;+:yfx? . -h:t} M hnk|sf]k lgoGq0f sfof{no,
ef}ule{s ;j]{If0f sfof{no, k|fl1s / cg';Gwfg ;+:yfx? .
– :yfgLo ;/sf/ -lhlj;, uflj;_ / gu/kflnsfx? .
– gful/s ;dfh / ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx? .
– u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? .
– cGt/fli6«o / ;+o'\Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox? .***&
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – % cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– /fhg}lts bnsf g]tf / gLlt lgdf{tfx?sf] ;xof]u . sfo{sf/L / ;+u7gfTds
;xof]u . dfgjLo / ljlQo ;|f]tx? .
– k|d'v ;+u7gx?aLr sfo{, clwsf/ / pQ/bfloTj af“8kmf“8;DaGwL :ki6tf .
– :yfgLo / s]Gb|Lo lgsfo, cfGtl/s / afx\o sfo{stf{x? Pjd\ If]qleq /
If]qut?kdf /fd|f] ;dGjosf] ;+oGq .
– of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf of]ubfg lbg;Sg] ;a} ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ;+:yfx?sf]
Ifdtf / ;|f]tx?sf] a'emfO .
– :yfgLo ;/sf/, gu/kflnsf tyf ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf .
– of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf ug{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?df of]hgf k|lqmofk|lt ckgTjsf] efjgf .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ef/tsf] tfldngf8' /fHosf] blIf0fLt6jtL{ b'O{ ufp“x? ;dLof/k]§O{ / k'8'k]§O{
If]qkmn / ljsf;sf b[li6sf]0fn] ;dfg 5g\ . t/ ;g\ @))$ df cfPsf] ;'gfdLdf
k'8'k]§O{n] ;dLof/k]§O{eGbf rf/u'0ff a9L dfgjLo Iflt -qmdzM (% / @$_ a]xf]g'{k¥of] .
o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f ;'gfdL cfpg'eGbf s]xL dlxgfcl3b]lv ;dLof/k]§O{df ;+rfng
ePsf] k"j{tof/L tflnd / ;r]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmdx? g} x'g\ .
;dLof/k]§O{ ufp“ af9L, v8]/L / e"sDksf] b[li6n] hf]lvdk"0f{ 5 . Toxf“
;+rflnt sfo{qmdn] :jod\;]jsx?sf] a[xt ;xeflutf / ;+nUgtfdfkm{t ;d'bfosf]
Ifdtf ljsf;df ;3fp k'¥ofof] . ef/t ;/sf/, UNDP / UNV (UnitedNations Volunteer Programme) sf] ;xof]udf ;+rflnt ;f] sfo{qmd
cGtu{t ufp“:t/df ljkb\ ;ldltx? lgdf{0f u/L To;}af6 u|fdL0f ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgf
of]hgf tof/ ug]{, vf]hL / p4f/ tflnd lbO{ 6f]nL tof/ kfg]{, k|fylds
pkrf/sf] Aoj:yf, cEof; sjfh u/fpg], ufp“n]x?nfO{ pRr;'/lIft :yfgaf/]
l;sfpg], 8'afgaf6 hf]lug vfnL kfOk / s]/fsf yDafx?sf] k|of]u s;/L ug]{
eGg]af/]df l;sfOof] .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf %
k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu ljkb\ k"j{tof/L ;zQmLs/0f -ljz]iftM
Ifdtf / ;|f]tdf_ tkm{ ;d'bfon] slt k|ult u/]sf] 5 <
ljkb\ k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{ M ljkb\ cj:yfsf] nflu s] ;d'bfo;“u :ki6
cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{ of]hgf 5 <
k|ltsfo{ ;Lk M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo;“u ljkb\sf] a]nfdf cfjZos kg{;Sg] ;Lk÷bIftf
5 < h:t} M k|fylds pkrf/, vf]hL / p4f/, tf//lxt tyf /]l8of] ;+rf/,
kfgL z'4Ls/0f cflb .
:yfgfGt/0f M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfon] :yfgfGt/0f dfu{ / ;'/lIft:yn :ki6?kdf
lgSof}{n u/]sf] 5 < s] ;Lldt ultzLntf ePsf hgtfnfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ug]{
of]hgf ag]sf] 5 <
tflnd tyf l/x;{n M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf] cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{ of]hgfx?sf]
l/x;{n cEof;;lxt lgoldt?kdf k/LIf0f eO/x]sf] 5 <
cfkTsfnLg ;|f]t M cfkTsfnLg cj:yfsf] nflu s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo;“u cfkm\g} jf
:yfgLo ;+u7gx?;“usf] ;fem]bf/Ldf cfkTsfnLg ;|f]tx? pknAw 5g\ <
;dGjo / ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg M cfkTsfnLg cj:yfdf glhssf] ;d'bfox?,
:yfgLo lgsfox? / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;“u ;dGjosf] nflu s] xfd|f]
;d'bfo;“u of]hgfx? 5g\ <
���
()*(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – % cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� cg's"n cj:yf M
– /fhg}lts bnsf g]tf / gLlt lgdf{tfx?sf] ;xof]u . sfo{sf/L / ;+u7gfTds
;xof]u . dfgjLo / ljlQo ;|f]tx? .
– k|d'v ;+u7gx?aLr sfo{, clwsf/ / pQ/bfloTj af“8kmf“8;DaGwL :ki6tf .
– :yfgLo / s]Gb|Lo lgsfo, cfGtl/s / afx\o sfo{stf{x? Pjd\ If]qleq /
If]qut?kdf /fd|f] ;dGjosf] ;+oGq .
– of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf of]ubfg lbg;Sg] ;a} ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ;+:yfx?sf]
Ifdtf / ;|f]tx?sf] a'emfO .
– :yfgLo ;/sf/, gu/kflnsf tyf ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf .
– of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf ug{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?df of]hgf k|lqmofk|lt ckgTjsf] efjgf .
� ;kmn pbfx/0f M
ef/tsf] tfldngf8' /fHosf] blIf0fLt6jtL{ b'O{ ufp“x? ;dLof/k]§O{ / k'8'k]§O{
If]qkmn / ljsf;sf b[li6sf]0fn] ;dfg 5g\ . t/ ;g\ @))$ df cfPsf] ;'gfdLdf
k'8'k]§O{n] ;dLof/k]§O{eGbf rf/u'0ff a9L dfgjLo Iflt -qmdzM (% / @$_ a]xf]g'{k¥of] .
o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f ;'gfdL cfpg'eGbf s]xL dlxgfcl3b]lv ;dLof/k]§O{df ;+rfng
ePsf] k"j{tof/L tflnd / ;r]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmdx? g} x'g\ .
;dLof/k]§O{ ufp“ af9L, v8]/L / e"sDksf] b[li6n] hf]lvdk"0f{ 5 . Toxf“
;+rflnt sfo{qmdn] :jod\;]jsx?sf] a[xt ;xeflutf / ;+nUgtfdfkm{t ;d'bfosf]
Ifdtf ljsf;df ;3fp k'¥ofof] . ef/t ;/sf/, UNDP / UNV (UnitedNations Volunteer Programme) sf] ;xof]udf ;+rflnt ;f] sfo{qmd
cGtu{t ufp“:t/df ljkb\ ;ldltx? lgdf{0f u/L To;}af6 u|fdL0f ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgf
of]hgf tof/ ug]{, vf]hL / p4f/ tflnd lbO{ 6f]nL tof/ kfg]{, k|fylds
pkrf/sf] Aoj:yf, cEof; sjfh u/fpg], ufp“n]x?nfO{ pRr;'/lIft :yfgaf/]
l;sfpg], 8'afgaf6 hf]lug vfnL kfOk / s]/fsf yDafx?sf] k|of]u s;/L ug]{
eGg]af/]df l;sfOof] .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf %
k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu ljkb\ k"j{tof/L ;zQmLs/0f -ljz]iftM
Ifdtf / ;|f]tdf_ tkm{ ;d'bfon] slt k|ult u/]sf] 5 <
ljkb\ k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{ M ljkb\ cj:yfsf] nflu s] ;d'bfo;“u :ki6
cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{ of]hgf 5 <
k|ltsfo{ ;Lk M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo;“u ljkb\sf] a]nfdf cfjZos kg{;Sg] ;Lk÷bIftf
5 < h:t} M k|fylds pkrf/, vf]hL / p4f/, tf//lxt tyf /]l8of] ;+rf/,
kfgL z'4Ls/0f cflb .
:yfgfGt/0f M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfon] :yfgfGt/0f dfu{ / ;'/lIft:yn :ki6?kdf
lgSof}{n u/]sf] 5 < s] ;Lldt ultzLntf ePsf hgtfnfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ug]{
of]hgf ag]sf] 5 <
tflnd tyf l/x;{n M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf] cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{ of]hgfx?sf]
l/x;{n cEof;;lxt lgoldt?kdf k/LIf0f eO/x]sf] 5 <
cfkTsfnLg ;|f]t M cfkTsfnLg cj:yfsf] nflu s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo;“u cfkm\g} jf
:yfgLo ;+u7gx?;“usf] ;fem]bf/Ldf cfkTsfnLg ;|f]tx? pknAw 5g\ <
;dGjo / ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg M cfkTsfnLg cj:yfdf glhssf] ;d'bfox?,
:yfgLo lgsfox? / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;“u ;dGjosf] nflu s] xfd|f]
;d'bfo;“u of]hgfx? 5g\ <
���
()*(
cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – % cWofo @ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – %
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn(!
cWofo #x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
NSET. (2008) : “National Strategy for Disaster Risk ReductionManagement in Nepal”. Kathmandu.
United Nations (UN). (2005) : Report on “The World Conference onDisaster Reduction”. Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
UN / ISDR. (2008) : “ Terminology : Basic Terms of Disaster RiskReduction”. www.unisdr.org/terminology
UN / ISDR. (2007) : “Words Into Action : A Guide for Implementingthe Hyogo Framework”. Geneva.
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!%!
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ljifo;"rL
k[i7
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn (!–!@&
s_ /0fg}lts nIo k|flKtdf /fli6«o k|ult (#
v_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ ! sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult (^
u_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ @ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !)@
3_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ # sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !)&
ª_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ $ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !!$
r_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ % sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !@)
cWofo #= x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogtkm{ g]kfn s'g ultdf cl3 a9]sf] 5 /
sxf“;Dd k'u]sf] 5 eg]/ a'em\g' clt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . of] cWofodf x\of]uf] sfo{
;+/rgfsf] /0fg}lts nIo / k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? cg'?k g]kfnn] slt k|ult
xfl;n u/]sf] 5, ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? s] s] 5g\ cflbsf] af/]df j0f{g ul/Psf]
5 .
/0fg}lts nIo k|flKtdf /fli6«o k|ult M
! _ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt, of]hgf /sfo{qmdx?df cem k|efjsf/L?kdf / ;a} txdf ;dflxt ug]{ . ;fy}ljkb\ /f]syfd (prevention), cNkLs/0f (mitigation), k"j{tof/L(preparedness_ / ;+s6f;Ggtf (vulnerability) Go"gLs/0fdf ljz]ifhf]8 lbg] .
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df g} klxnf]k6s bzf}+ /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgf -@))@–@))&_n]
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg;DaGwL Aoj:yf u¥of] . ;f] of]hgfsf] cWofo !& n] hnpTkGg
k|sf]k k"j{tof/LnfO{ hf]8 lbof] eg] cWofo @@ n] hg;+Vof, jftfj/0f /
k|fs[lts ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgnfO{ ;d]6\of] . oL b'j} cWofox?df ;fGble{s gLlt
lgdf{0f, hf]lvd lgwf{/0f, ;"rgf ;+sng / ;Dk|]if0f h:tf s'/fx? pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 . b'j} cWofox?df ljkb\ pTyfgzLntf lgdf{0f k|of;df hf]8 lbOPsf]
5 .
o;}u/L tLg jif]{ cGtl/d of]hgf -@))&–@)!)_ sf] @^ cf}+ cWofodf ljkb\
Aoj:yfkgaf/] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cGtl/d of]hgfdf klg gLltlgdf{0f, k"j{r]tfjgL
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;dGjofTds kxn, hnjfo'
kl/jt{g / ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgaLrsf] cGt/;DaGwh:tf s'/fx?nfO{ hf]8 lbOPsf]
5 .
(#(@
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ljifo;"rL
k[i7
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn (!–!@&
s_ /0fg}lts nIo k|flKtdf /fli6«o k|ult (#
v_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ ! sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult (^
u_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ @ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !)@
3_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ # sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !)&
ª_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ $ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !!$
r_ x\of]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ % sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !@)
cWofo #= x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogtkm{ g]kfn s'g ultdf cl3 a9]sf] 5 /
sxf“;Dd k'u]sf] 5 eg]/ a'em\g' clt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . of] cWofodf x\of]uf] sfo{
;+/rgfsf] /0fg}lts nIo / k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? cg'?k g]kfnn] slt k|ult
xfl;n u/]sf] 5, ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? s] s] 5g\ cflbsf] af/]df j0f{g ul/Psf]
5 .
/0fg}lts nIo k|flKtdf /fli6«o k|ult M
! _ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt, of]hgf /sfo{qmdx?df cem k|efjsf/L?kdf / ;a} txdf ;dflxt ug]{ . ;fy}ljkb\ /f]syfd (prevention), cNkLs/0f (mitigation), k"j{tof/L(preparedness_ / ;+s6f;Ggtf (vulnerability) Go"gLs/0fdf ljz]ifhf]8 lbg] .
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df g} klxnf]k6s bzf}+ /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgf -@))@–@))&_n]
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg;DaGwL Aoj:yf u¥of] . ;f] of]hgfsf] cWofo !& n] hnpTkGg
k|sf]k k"j{tof/LnfO{ hf]8 lbof] eg] cWofo @@ n] hg;+Vof, jftfj/0f /
k|fs[lts ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgnfO{ ;d]6\of] . oL b'j} cWofox?df ;fGble{s gLlt
lgdf{0f, hf]lvd lgwf{/0f, ;"rgf ;+sng / ;Dk|]if0f h:tf s'/fx? pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 . b'j} cWofox?df ljkb\ pTyfgzLntf lgdf{0f k|of;df hf]8 lbOPsf]
5 .
o;}u/L tLg jif]{ cGtl/d of]hgf -@))&–@)!)_ sf] @^ cf}+ cWofodf ljkb\
Aoj:yfkgaf/] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cGtl/d of]hgfdf klg gLltlgdf{0f, k"j{r]tfjgL
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;dGjofTds kxn, hnjfo'
kl/jt{g / ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgaLrsf] cGt/;DaGwh:tf s'/fx?nfO{ hf]8 lbOPsf]
5 .
(#(@
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� r'gf}tL M
tLg jif]{ cGtl/d ljsf; of]hgfn] ljsf;sf pknAwLx? hf]ufpg / lbuf]
dfgj ljsf;sf nflu b]zdf lbuf] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgsf sfo{ x'g'kg]{ s'/fnfO{
bf]xf]¥ofPsf] 5 . t/ klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg÷Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;fGble{s
P]g, /0fgLlt / ;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] ljsf; h:tf s'/fx?df plrt Wofg k'¥ofOPsf]
5}g .
� ef]lnsf] ;Defjgf M
of] cfzf ug{;lsG5 ls ;/sf/n] lgs6 eljiodf g} ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg;DaGwL
k|:tfljt P]g / /0fgLltnfO{ cg'df]bg ug]{5 . pQm P]g / /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogn]
ubf{ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sfo{ ljkb\kl5sf] /fxt / p4f/eGbf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0ftkm{
pGd'v x'g]5 . o:t} ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf ;Dk"0f{ kIfx?nfO{ x]g]{ k|efjsf/L
lgsfosf] klg :yfkgf x'g]5 . b]zleq / aflx/sf ;a} txaLr k|efjsf/L ;Ghfn
aGg]5, pkof]uL ;dGjosf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f x'g]5 / b]zleq÷aflx/sf] ;xof]un]
ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu kof{Kt ;|f]t pknAw x'g]5 . o;}u/L ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g, hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, ul/aL Go"gLs/0f
/ k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkgh:tf tTjx?sf] ;Gbe{df klg ;Daf]wg ul/g]5 .
@= ljz]iftM ;d'bfosf] txdf k|0ffnLut of]ubfg lbg;Sg] u/L ljkb\lj?4pTyfgzLntf (resilience) sf] lgdf{0f / ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ ;+:yf,;+oGq / Ifdtfx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sfo{sf] nflu u[x dGqfnon] g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] 5 . c?
cf7j6f If]qut dGqfnox? -s[lif, lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw Pjd\ jftfj/0f,
:jf:Yo, :yfgLo ljsf;, ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f, hn>f]t, jg tyf
e";+/If0f_n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ 5'§} PsfO{ v8f u/]sf
5g\ . ljkb\kl5sf sfo{ tyf ;dGjo lqmofsnfkx?sf nflu If]qLo, lhNnf tyf
:yfgLo txdf ;+:yfut ;+oGqx? klg v8f ul/Psf 5g\ . /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o
u};;x?n] klg ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg sfo{x? ul//x]sf
5g\ .
� r'gf}tL M
/fhg}lts OR5fzlQm a9fpg;Sg', k|:tfljt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g /
/0fgLltnfO{ cg'df]bg u/fpg lg0ff{os txdf /x]sf ljleGg dfWodx?sf] k|of]u
ug{;Sg' Pjd\ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? / dfWodsf] k|of]u u/]/ ;kmn sfof{Gjog ug'{
g} k|d'v r'gf}tLx? x'g\ .
� ef]lnsf] ;Defjgf M
:yfgLotx;Dd ;fwg;|f]tn] el/k"0f{ ;'b[9 ;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] ljsf; x'g]5
h;n] eljiosf] r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5 .
# _ cfkTsfnLg k"j{tof/L, k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf of]hgf agfp“bf /sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ubf{ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf cjwf/0ffx?nfO{k|0ffnLut ;dfof]hg ug]{ .
ljkb\sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf s]xL gu/kflnsfx?df lgdf{0f ;+lxtf nfu" ul/Psf]
5 . gu/kflnsfsf k|fljlws sd{rf/L tyf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf clwsf/Lx?nfO{
lgdf{0f ;+lxtf sfof{Gjogaf/] tflnd lbOPsf] 5 .
� r'gf}tLx? M
s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f÷Aoj:yfkgdf PsLs[t
kxnsf] cefj /x]sf] 5 . o:t} /fli6«o:t/df hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5}g .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / Aoj:yfkgsf lqmofsnfkx? of]hgfa4eGbf
ljkb\36gfkZrft tTsfnsf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug]{ lx;fadf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
� ef]lnsf] ;Defjgf M
;/sf/n] k|:tfj u/]sf] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g / /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogn]
g]kfnnfO{ ljkb\ ;'/lIft agfpg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng]5 . o:t} ev{/} :yfkgf
ePsf] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf /fli6«o d+rn] ;a} ;/sf/L÷u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?nfO{
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L cfbfgk|bfg,
;dGjo, ;Lldt ;|f]tsf] clwQmd k|of]u h:tf sfo{df 7"nf] of]ubfg lbg]5 .
(%($
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� r'gf}tL M
tLg jif]{ cGtl/d ljsf; of]hgfn] ljsf;sf pknAwLx? hf]ufpg / lbuf]
dfgj ljsf;sf nflu b]zdf lbuf] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgsf sfo{ x'g'kg]{ s'/fnfO{
bf]xf]¥ofPsf] 5 . t/ klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg÷Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;fGble{s
P]g, /0fgLlt / ;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] ljsf; h:tf s'/fx?df plrt Wofg k'¥ofOPsf]
5}g .
� ef]lnsf] ;Defjgf M
of] cfzf ug{;lsG5 ls ;/sf/n] lgs6 eljiodf g} ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg;DaGwL
k|:tfljt P]g / /0fgLltnfO{ cg'df]bg ug]{5 . pQm P]g / /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogn]
ubf{ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sfo{ ljkb\kl5sf] /fxt / p4f/eGbf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0ftkm{
pGd'v x'g]5 . o:t} ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf ;Dk"0f{ kIfx?nfO{ x]g]{ k|efjsf/L
lgsfosf] klg :yfkgf x'g]5 . b]zleq / aflx/sf ;a} txaLr k|efjsf/L ;Ghfn
aGg]5, pkof]uL ;dGjosf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f x'g]5 / b]zleq÷aflx/sf] ;xof]un]
ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu kof{Kt ;|f]t pknAw x'g]5 . o;}u/L ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g, hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, ul/aL Go"gLs/0f
/ k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkgh:tf tTjx?sf] ;Gbe{df klg ;Daf]wg ul/g]5 .
@= ljz]iftM ;d'bfosf] txdf k|0ffnLut of]ubfg lbg;Sg] u/L ljkb\lj?4pTyfgzLntf (resilience) sf] lgdf{0f / ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ ;+:yf,;+oGq / Ifdtfx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sfo{sf] nflu u[x dGqfnon] g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] 5 . c?
cf7j6f If]qut dGqfnox? -s[lif, lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw Pjd\ jftfj/0f,
:jf:Yo, :yfgLo ljsf;, ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f, hn>f]t, jg tyf
e";+/If0f_n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ 5'§} PsfO{ v8f u/]sf
5g\ . ljkb\kl5sf sfo{ tyf ;dGjo lqmofsnfkx?sf nflu If]qLo, lhNnf tyf
:yfgLo txdf ;+:yfut ;+oGqx? klg v8f ul/Psf 5g\ . /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o
u};;x?n] klg ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg sfo{x? ul//x]sf
5g\ .
� r'gf}tL M
/fhg}lts OR5fzlQm a9fpg;Sg', k|:tfljt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g /
/0fgLltnfO{ cg'df]bg u/fpg lg0ff{os txdf /x]sf ljleGg dfWodx?sf] k|of]u
ug{;Sg' Pjd\ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? / dfWodsf] k|of]u u/]/ ;kmn sfof{Gjog ug'{
g} k|d'v r'gf}tLx? x'g\ .
� ef]lnsf] ;Defjgf M
:yfgLotx;Dd ;fwg;|f]tn] el/k"0f{ ;'b[9 ;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] ljsf; x'g]5
h;n] eljiosf] r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5 .
# _ cfkTsfnLg k"j{tof/L, k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf of]hgf agfp“bf /sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ubf{ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf cjwf/0ffx?nfO{k|0ffnLut ;dfof]hg ug]{ .
ljkb\sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf s]xL gu/kflnsfx?df lgdf{0f ;+lxtf nfu" ul/Psf]
5 . gu/kflnsfsf k|fljlws sd{rf/L tyf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf clwsf/Lx?nfO{
lgdf{0f ;+lxtf sfof{Gjogaf/] tflnd lbOPsf] 5 .
� r'gf}tLx? M
s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f÷Aoj:yfkgdf PsLs[t
kxnsf] cefj /x]sf] 5 . o:t} /fli6«o:t/df hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5}g .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / Aoj:yfkgsf lqmofsnfkx? of]hgfa4eGbf
ljkb\36gfkZrft tTsfnsf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug]{ lx;fadf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
� ef]lnsf] ;Defjgf M
;/sf/n] k|:tfj u/]sf] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g / /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogn]
g]kfnnfO{ ljkb\ ;'/lIft agfpg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng]5 . o:t} ev{/} :yfkgf
ePsf] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf /fli6«o d+rn] ;a} ;/sf/L÷u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?nfO{
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L cfbfgk|bfg,
;dGjo, ;Lldt ;|f]tsf] clwQmd k|of]u h:tf sfo{df 7"nf] of]ubfg lbg]5 .
(%($
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfsf sfo{ ! sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult
alnof] ;+:yfut cfwf/;lxt ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o /:yfgLo k|fyldstf x'g]5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
;"rs ! ;a} txdf ljs]Gb|Ls[t pQ/bfloTj / Ifdtf;lxtsf] ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o gLlt / sfg"gL sfo{;+/rgf .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ !(*@ df k|fs[lts ljkb\ /fxt;DaGwL P]g nfu" u¥of]
/ b'O{k6s kl/dflh{t klg eO;Sof] . t/ klg of] s]jn ljkb\kl5sf] cj:yfdf
dfq s]lGb|t 5 . !(*@ d} NofOPsf] hn tyf e";+/If0f gLlt, lgdf{0f ;+lxtf
;DaGwL P]g nufotdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
t/ oL lj:t[t?kdf cfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cem} klg sfo{ut txdf e"ldsf /
lhDd]jf/L kof{Kt / lglb{i6 5}g . oL P]gx?n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / k"j{ljkb\
ultljlwx? ;d]6\g ;s]sf] 5}g .
;/f]sf/jfnfx?;“usf] k/fdz{df u[xdGqfnon] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] /fli6«o
/0fgLlt tof/ u/]sf] 5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL gof“ P]g klg tof/
ul/Psf] 5 / cg'df]bgsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf] 5 . of] P]gn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf]
;a} kIfx?nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5, ljkb\nfO{ ljsf; / hnjfo' hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg;“u
cGt/;DalGwt u/fPsf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;+:yfut k|lta4tfx? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . t/ pknAwLx? kof{Kt / lj:t[t 5}gg\ .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M
– ckof{Kt / cbIf dfgjLo hgzlQmsf] sf/0f k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr
;dGjo / d"nk|jfxLs/0fdf sl7gfO .
– ;a} txdf s]xL g s]xL xb;Dd e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L bf]xf]l/Psf] .
– /fli6«ob]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu pko'Qm
;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] cefj .
� ;'emfjx? M
– /fhg}lts k|lta4tf / l:y/tf .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;“u ;DalGwt gof“ P]gsf] sfof{Gjog .
– ;+:yfut e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/Lsf] k'gMAofVof . ;dGjo / cg'udgsf] nflu
alnof] ;+oGqsf] ljsf; .
– ;a} txdf kof{Kt ;|f]t;lxt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;DaGwL lgsfosf] u7g .
– AolQmut, ;+:yfut / k|0ffnLut txdf Ifdtf clej[l4 .
– ljs]Gb|Ls[t ah]6 k|0ffnL .
– ljBfnos]lGb|t ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /0fgLltsf] lgdf{0f . ljBfyL{df
s]lGb|t tflnd ;fdu|Lx? .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fd}qL /fli6«o ;xfotf /0fgLlt agfpg bft[lgsfox?nfO{
pTk|]/0ff .
;"rs @ k|To]s k|zf;lgs txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf / lqmofsnfkx?
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;dlk{t / kof{Kt ;|f]tx?sf] pknAwtf .
k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;|f]t 5'§ofOPsf]
5}g . s]xL bzs otfb]lv ;/sf/n] jflif{s?kdf ;fgf] kl/df0fdf ePklg /sd
5'§ofpg] u/]sf] 5 . ;f] /sd /fxt / p2f/ sfo{d} vr{ x'g]ub{5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf nflu k"j{cg'dflgt?kdf ah]6 5'§ofpg] ul/Psf] 5}g, cfjZostf
cg';f/ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
;/sf/sf cGo ljefux? h:t} hnpTkGg k|sf]k /f]syfd, e";+/If0f tyf
hnfwf/ Aoj:yfkg cflb ljefux?n] klg ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgsf sfo{x? ul//x]sf
5g\ . ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?n] u/]sf s]xL k|of;sf afjh'b klg
k"j{cg'dflgt / ;dlk{t?kdf ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'g] u/]sf] 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
s]xL k|ult t/ k|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut k|lta4tfsf] cefj .
(&(^
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfsf sfo{ ! sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult
alnof] ;+:yfut cfwf/;lxt ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o /:yfgLo k|fyldstf x'g]5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
;"rs ! ;a} txdf ljs]Gb|Ls[t pQ/bfloTj / Ifdtf;lxtsf] ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o gLlt / sfg"gL sfo{;+/rgf .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ !(*@ df k|fs[lts ljkb\ /fxt;DaGwL P]g nfu" u¥of]
/ b'O{k6s kl/dflh{t klg eO;Sof] . t/ klg of] s]jn ljkb\kl5sf] cj:yfdf
dfq s]lGb|t 5 . !(*@ d} NofOPsf] hn tyf e";+/If0f gLlt, lgdf{0f ;+lxtf
;DaGwL P]g nufotdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
t/ oL lj:t[t?kdf cfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cem} klg sfo{ut txdf e"ldsf /
lhDd]jf/L kof{Kt / lglb{i6 5}g . oL P]gx?n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / k"j{ljkb\
ultljlwx? ;d]6\g ;s]sf] 5}g .
;/f]sf/jfnfx?;“usf] k/fdz{df u[xdGqfnon] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] /fli6«o
/0fgLlt tof/ u/]sf] 5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL gof“ P]g klg tof/
ul/Psf] 5 / cg'df]bgsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf] 5 . of] P]gn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf]
;a} kIfx?nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5, ljkb\nfO{ ljsf; / hnjfo' hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg;“u
cGt/;DalGwt u/fPsf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;+:yfut k|lta4tfx? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . t/ pknAwLx? kof{Kt / lj:t[t 5}gg\ .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M
– ckof{Kt / cbIf dfgjLo hgzlQmsf] sf/0f k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr
;dGjo / d"nk|jfxLs/0fdf sl7gfO .
– ;a} txdf s]xL g s]xL xb;Dd e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L bf]xf]l/Psf] .
– /fli6«ob]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu pko'Qm
;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] cefj .
� ;'emfjx? M
– /fhg}lts k|lta4tf / l:y/tf .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;“u ;DalGwt gof“ P]gsf] sfof{Gjog .
– ;+:yfut e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/Lsf] k'gMAofVof . ;dGjo / cg'udgsf] nflu
alnof] ;+oGqsf] ljsf; .
– ;a} txdf kof{Kt ;|f]t;lxt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;DaGwL lgsfosf] u7g .
– AolQmut, ;+:yfut / k|0ffnLut txdf Ifdtf clej[l4 .
– ljs]Gb|Ls[t ah]6 k|0ffnL .
– ljBfnos]lGb|t ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /0fgLltsf] lgdf{0f . ljBfyL{df
s]lGb|t tflnd ;fdu|Lx? .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fd}qL /fli6«o ;xfotf /0fgLlt agfpg bft[lgsfox?nfO{
pTk|]/0ff .
;"rs @ k|To]s k|zf;lgs txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf / lqmofsnfkx?
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;dlk{t / kof{Kt ;|f]tx?sf] pknAwtf .
k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;|f]t 5'§ofOPsf]
5}g . s]xL bzs otfb]lv ;/sf/n] jflif{s?kdf ;fgf] kl/df0fdf ePklg /sd
5'§ofpg] u/]sf] 5 . ;f] /sd /fxt / p2f/ sfo{d} vr{ x'g]ub{5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf nflu k"j{cg'dflgt?kdf ah]6 5'§ofpg] ul/Psf] 5}g, cfjZostf
cg';f/ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
;/sf/sf cGo ljefux? h:t} hnpTkGg k|sf]k /f]syfd, e";+/If0f tyf
hnfwf/ Aoj:yfkg cflb ljefux?n] klg ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgsf sfo{x? ul//x]sf
5g\ . ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?n] u/]sf s]xL k|of;sf afjh'b klg
k"j{cg'dflgt / ;dlk{t?kdf ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'g] u/]sf] 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
s]xL k|ult t/ k|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut k|lta4tfsf] cefj .
(&(^
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M
– ljkb\n] ljsf; / ul/aLdf kf/]sf] k|efj af/] k|of]ul;4 cWoog (empirical)
gx'g' .
– ljkb\ k"j{tof/L sfo{ ljkb\kl5sf] /fxt / k'g:yf{kg sfo{eGbf lgs} ;:tf] /
cy{k"0f{ x'G5 eg]/ gLltlgdf{tfx?nfO{ ljZj:t t'Nofpg g;Sg' .
– ;du| ljsf;df ljkb\n] kfg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjaf/]df ;r]tgf gx'g' .
– :yfgLo txdf of]hgf th'{df ug]{ lgsfox?n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
kof{Kt?kdf Wofg glbg' .
� ;'emfjx? M– ;a} txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0faf/] r]tgf clej[l4 lqmofsnfkx?sf]
lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
– pko'Qm ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? / gLltlgdf{tfx?nfO{ l5d]sL /fi6«x?sf] cWoog
e|d0f / tflnddf k7fpg] .
– ljkb\sf] cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs k|efjsf] af/]df a[xb k|rf/k|;f/
ug]{ .
– gLltlgdf{tf, bft[lgsfo / ;fem]bf/x?aLr lgoldt cGtlqm{ofx? ug]{ /
cBfjlws x'g] .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0faf/] ;a} txdf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .
– :yfgLo:t/df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu kof{Kt ah]6 5'§ofP/
:yfgLo ;/sf/L lgsfodfkm{t sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkx?sf] nflu jflif{s ;/sf/L ah]6df
lglZrt k|ltzt clgjfo{?kdf 5'§ofpg] Aoj:yf ug]{ .
;"rs # :yfgLo:t/df clwsf/ / ;|f]t k|Tofof]hg u/L ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf
/ ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] ;'lglZrttf .
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g -!(((_n] :yfgLo lgsfox? -lhlj;, gu/kflnsf
/ uflj;x?_nfO{ :yfgLo txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ultljlwx? lgdf{0f
/ sfof{Gjog ug{ clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . t/ s]Gb|Lo txaf6 :yfgLo lgsfo;Dd
;|f]t ljlgof]hg / ljt/0fsf] nflu k|0ffnLut / ljZj:t ;+oGq /x]sf] 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;+:yfut k|lta4tfx? k|fKt t/ pknAwLx? g t lj:t[t g kof{Kt .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M
– gLltlgdf{tf / lg0ff{ostxdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL cBfjlws
/ Aojxfl/s hfgsf/Lx?sf] cefj .
– /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx? klg /fxt, p2f/ / k|ltsfo{d} a9L s]lGb|t .
– ;a} txdf r]tgfsf] ckof{Kttf .
– ;/sf/L lgsfox?df g} lhDd]jf/L / :jfldTjk|lt ;Lldt efjgf .
– ljkb\nfO{ ljsf;;“u hf]8\g] k|fljlws Ifdtfsf] sdL .
� ;'emfjx? M
– gLlt lgdf{0f Pjd\ lg0ff{os txsf] ;r]tgf j[l4 .
– ljkb\sf] sf/0f b}lgs hLjgdf kg]{ k|efjsf] af/]df k|of]ul;4 (empirical)cg';Gwfg .
– :yfgLo txsf] of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f gLltsf] ljsf; /
d"nk|jfxLs/0f .
– ;Lk / ;|f]t k|bfg u/L k|fljlws 1fg / ;~hfnsf] ljsf; .
– lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] txdf :yfgLo ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sf]ifsf] :yfkgf .
– ;d'bfo:t/sf] tflnd / ;r]tgf sfo{qmdx?sf] ;+rfng . :yfgLo o'jf
;d"x, cleefjs–lzIfs ;d"x, cfdf ;d"x, s[ifs ;d"x cflbsf]
kl/rfng .
;"rs $ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ax'If]qLo /fli6«o d+rsf] sfo{;+rfng .
u[x dGqfnon] ljleGg ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, cGt/f{li6«o, /fi6«;+3Lo
;+3;+:yf Pjd\ ;+rf/, z}lIfs, lghL IF]q / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] k|ltlglwx?
;dfj]z u/fO Ps /fli6«o d+rsf] u7g ul/;s]sf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
k|0ffnLut gLlt tyf ;+:yfut k|lta4tf ljgfsf s]xL k|ult .
(((*
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M
– ljkb\n] ljsf; / ul/aLdf kf/]sf] k|efj af/] k|of]ul;4 cWoog (empirical)
gx'g' .
– ljkb\ k"j{tof/L sfo{ ljkb\kl5sf] /fxt / k'g:yf{kg sfo{eGbf lgs} ;:tf] /
cy{k"0f{ x'G5 eg]/ gLltlgdf{tfx?nfO{ ljZj:t t'Nofpg g;Sg' .
– ;du| ljsf;df ljkb\n] kfg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjaf/]df ;r]tgf gx'g' .
– :yfgLo txdf of]hgf th'{df ug]{ lgsfox?n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
kof{Kt?kdf Wofg glbg' .
� ;'emfjx? M– ;a} txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0faf/] r]tgf clej[l4 lqmofsnfkx?sf]
lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
– pko'Qm ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? / gLltlgdf{tfx?nfO{ l5d]sL /fi6«x?sf] cWoog
e|d0f / tflnddf k7fpg] .
– ljkb\sf] cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs k|efjsf] af/]df a[xb k|rf/k|;f/
ug]{ .
– gLltlgdf{tf, bft[lgsfo / ;fem]bf/x?aLr lgoldt cGtlqm{ofx? ug]{ /
cBfjlws x'g] .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0faf/] ;a} txdf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .
– :yfgLo:t/df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu kof{Kt ah]6 5'§ofP/
:yfgLo ;/sf/L lgsfodfkm{t sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkx?sf] nflu jflif{s ;/sf/L ah]6df
lglZrt k|ltzt clgjfo{?kdf 5'§ofpg] Aoj:yf ug]{ .
;"rs # :yfgLo:t/df clwsf/ / ;|f]t k|Tofof]hg u/L ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf
/ ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] ;'lglZrttf .
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g -!(((_n] :yfgLo lgsfox? -lhlj;, gu/kflnsf
/ uflj;x?_nfO{ :yfgLo txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ultljlwx? lgdf{0f
/ sfof{Gjog ug{ clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . t/ s]Gb|Lo txaf6 :yfgLo lgsfo;Dd
;|f]t ljlgof]hg / ljt/0fsf] nflu k|0ffnLut / ljZj:t ;+oGq /x]sf] 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;+:yfut k|lta4tfx? k|fKt t/ pknAwLx? g t lj:t[t g kof{Kt .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M
– gLltlgdf{tf / lg0ff{ostxdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL cBfjlws
/ Aojxfl/s hfgsf/Lx?sf] cefj .
– /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx? klg /fxt, p2f/ / k|ltsfo{d} a9L s]lGb|t .
– ;a} txdf r]tgfsf] ckof{Kttf .
– ;/sf/L lgsfox?df g} lhDd]jf/L / :jfldTjk|lt ;Lldt efjgf .
– ljkb\nfO{ ljsf;;“u hf]8\g] k|fljlws Ifdtfsf] sdL .
� ;'emfjx? M
– gLlt lgdf{0f Pjd\ lg0ff{os txsf] ;r]tgf j[l4 .
– ljkb\sf] sf/0f b}lgs hLjgdf kg]{ k|efjsf] af/]df k|of]ul;4 (empirical)cg';Gwfg .
– :yfgLo txsf] of]hgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f gLltsf] ljsf; /
d"nk|jfxLs/0f .
– ;Lk / ;|f]t k|bfg u/L k|fljlws 1fg / ;~hfnsf] ljsf; .
– lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] txdf :yfgLo ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sf]ifsf] :yfkgf .
– ;d'bfo:t/sf] tflnd / ;r]tgf sfo{qmdx?sf] ;+rfng . :yfgLo o'jf
;d"x, cleefjs–lzIfs ;d"x, cfdf ;d"x, s[ifs ;d"x cflbsf]
kl/rfng .
;"rs $ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ax'If]qLo /fli6«o d+rsf] sfo{;+rfng .
u[x dGqfnon] ljleGg ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, cGt/f{li6«o, /fi6«;+3Lo
;+3;+:yf Pjd\ ;+rf/, z}lIfs, lghL IF]q / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] k|ltlglwx?
;dfj]z u/fO Ps /fli6«o d+rsf] u7g ul/;s]sf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
k|0ffnLut gLlt tyf ;+:yfut k|lta4tf ljgfsf s]xL k|ult .
(((*
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� r'gf}tLx? M
dfly pNn]lvt lgsfox?nfO{ Pp6} /fli6«o d+rdf NofP/ lqmofzLn t'Nofpg
sl7g 5 . t/ klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgsf nflu oL
lgsfoaLrsf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ k|efjsf/L / dxTjk"0f{ /xG5 .
� ;'emfj M
/fli6«o d+rsf] cfjZostfaf/] oyfzSo l56f] /fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ ljZj:t
t'Nofpg cfjZos .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sf /fd|f cEof;x? M
– cg'df]bg k|lqmofdf /x]sf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o /0fgLlt / ljkb\
Aoj:yfkg P]gn] s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo;Dd ;a} txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
ug{ :jfoQ lgsfo u7g ug{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
– /fli6«o lgdf{0f ;+lxtf lj:tf/} b]ze/ nfu" x'g] qmddf 5 .
– ;/sf/n] k|To]s jif{ !) xhf/eGbf a9L sIffsf]7fx?nfO{ e"sDk
k|lt/f]wfTds agfp“b} cfPsf] 5 .
– sltko lhNnfx?df ljBfnodf s]lGb|t ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmdx?
;+rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ .
– sf]zL af9L -@))*_sf] qmddf ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfoaLr /fd|f]
;dGjo b]lvof] .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL tflnd / ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx?
t'ngfTds?kdf j[l4 x'“b} cfO/x]sf] 5 .
– cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgsfox? -h:t} o"/f]lkog cfof]u, l8lkm8, o"P;P8x?_n]
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f kl/of]hgfx? ;+rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ jf ;xof]u
k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ .
– zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f dGqfno / e"sDk k|ljlw ;dfh–g]kfnn]
e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds ejg lgdf{0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul//x]sf] 5 .
– cGt/f{li6«o, /fli6«o / :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t
ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg kl/of]hgfx? rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . kl/of]hgf IF]qx?df
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltx? alg/x]sf 5g\ / ltgLx?n] lqmofzLn?kdf sfo{
!)!!))
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ul//x]sf 5g\ .
� pbfx/0f M
PS;gP8 g]kfnn] sfof{Gjog u/]sf] rf}yf] r/0fsf] l8lksf] kl/of]hgf
æ;'/lIft ;d'bfo M ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg k|of;x?åf/f ;'/lIft ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0fÆ
cGtu{t kf“r lhNnfdf !$ j6f ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltx?
/ ;ftj6f gu/kflnsf:t/Lo ;~hfnx? :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . oL ;ldlt /
;~hfnx?n] ug]{ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{x?df sl/a @% k|ltzt ;/sf/L
nufgL /xg] ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 .
?kGb]xL–% l:yt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltn] af“w lgdf{0fsf] nflu ? &% xhf/
afx\o;|f]taf6 k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . ?kGb]xLs} hf]uLbxl:yt ;ldltn] cfkTsfnLg s]Gb|
lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?af6 ? @ nfv %) xhf/ k|fKt
u/]sf] 5 . dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf] xf“8Lvf]nfdf /x]sf] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltn]
k"j{r]tfjgL 6fj/ lgdf{0f ug{ uflj;af6 ? @) xhf/, lhlj;af6 ? @% xhf/ /
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xaf6 ? @ nfv eGbf a9L d"No a/fa/sf] sf7
;+sng u/]sf] 5 . ;'/lIft dfu{ lgdf{0fsf] nflu x]6f}+8f gu/kflnsfn] /fO{6f]n
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ ? ! nfv ^) xhf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fli6«o /0fgLlt -k|:tfljt_
/0fgLlts ultljlw ! M ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf nflu ;+:yfut k|0ffnLsf]
:yfkgf .
/0fgLlts ultljlw @ M lj:t[t ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg;DaGwL cjwf/0ff
;dfj]z ug{sf nflu gLlt, lgod, lgodfjnLx?sf]
th'{df÷;+zf]]wg .
/0fgLlts ultljlw # M /fli6«o ljsf;df ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
Go"gLs/0fnfO{ d"nk|jfxdf Nofpg] sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw $ M pTs[i6 ;xof]usf] nflu ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
tyf k"j{tof/L sfo{qmdnfO{ ljsf; of]hgf, sfo{qmd
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� r'gf}tLx? M
dfly pNn]lvt lgsfox?nfO{ Pp6} /fli6«o d+rdf NofP/ lqmofzLn t'Nofpg
sl7g 5 . t/ klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgsf nflu oL
lgsfoaLrsf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ k|efjsf/L / dxTjk"0f{ /xG5 .
� ;'emfj M
/fli6«o d+rsf] cfjZostfaf/] oyfzSo l56f] /fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ ljZj:t
t'Nofpg cfjZos .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sf /fd|f cEof;x? M
– cg'df]bg k|lqmofdf /x]sf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o /0fgLlt / ljkb\
Aoj:yfkg P]gn] s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo;Dd ;a} txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
ug{ :jfoQ lgsfo u7g ug{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
– /fli6«o lgdf{0f ;+lxtf lj:tf/} b]ze/ nfu" x'g] qmddf 5 .
– ;/sf/n] k|To]s jif{ !) xhf/eGbf a9L sIffsf]7fx?nfO{ e"sDk
k|lt/f]wfTds agfp“b} cfPsf] 5 .
– sltko lhNnfx?df ljBfnodf s]lGb|t ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmdx?
;+rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ .
– sf]zL af9L -@))*_sf] qmddf ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfoaLr /fd|f]
;dGjo b]lvof] .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL tflnd / ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx?
t'ngfTds?kdf j[l4 x'“b} cfO/x]sf] 5 .
– cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgsfox? -h:t} o"/f]lkog cfof]u, l8lkm8, o"P;P8x?_n]
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f kl/of]hgfx? ;+rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ jf ;xof]u
k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ .
– zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f dGqfno / e"sDk k|ljlw ;dfh–g]kfnn]
e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds ejg lgdf{0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul//x]sf] 5 .
– cGt/f{li6«o, /fli6«o / :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t
ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg kl/of]hgfx? rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . kl/of]hgf IF]qx?df
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltx? alg/x]sf 5g\ / ltgLx?n] lqmofzLn?kdf sfo{
!)!!))
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ul//x]sf 5g\ .
� pbfx/0f M
PS;gP8 g]kfnn] sfof{Gjog u/]sf] rf}yf] r/0fsf] l8lksf] kl/of]hgf
æ;'/lIft ;d'bfo M ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg k|of;x?åf/f ;'/lIft ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0fÆ
cGtu{t kf“r lhNnfdf !$ j6f ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltx?
/ ;ftj6f gu/kflnsf:t/Lo ;~hfnx? :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . oL ;ldlt /
;~hfnx?n] ug]{ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{x?df sl/a @% k|ltzt ;/sf/L
nufgL /xg] ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 .
?kGb]xL–% l:yt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltn] af“w lgdf{0fsf] nflu ? &% xhf/
afx\o;|f]taf6 k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . ?kGb]xLs} hf]uLbxl:yt ;ldltn] cfkTsfnLg s]Gb|
lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?af6 ? @ nfv %) xhf/ k|fKt
u/]sf] 5 . dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf] xf“8Lvf]nfdf /x]sf] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltn]
k"j{r]tfjgL 6fj/ lgdf{0f ug{ uflj;af6 ? @) xhf/, lhlj;af6 ? @% xhf/ /
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xaf6 ? @ nfv eGbf a9L d"No a/fa/sf] sf7
;+sng u/]sf] 5 . ;'/lIft dfu{ lgdf{0fsf] nflu x]6f}+8f gu/kflnsfn] /fO{6f]n
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ ? ! nfv ^) xhf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fli6«o /0fgLlt -k|:tfljt_
/0fgLlts ultljlw ! M ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf nflu ;+:yfut k|0ffnLsf]
:yfkgf .
/0fgLlts ultljlw @ M lj:t[t ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg;DaGwL cjwf/0ff
;dfj]z ug{sf nflu gLlt, lgod, lgodfjnLx?sf]
th'{df÷;+zf]]wg .
/0fgLlts ultljlw # M /fli6«o ljsf;df ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
Go"gLs/0fnfO{ d"nk|jfxdf Nofpg] sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw $ M pTs[i6 ;xof]usf] nflu ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
tyf k"j{tof/L sfo{qmdnfO{ ljsf; of]hgf, sfo{qmd
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
tyf :yfgLo ljsf;sf lgsfox? -lhlj;, uflj;,
gu/kflnsf cflb_sf lgoldt ultljlwx?df
PsLs/0f .
/0fgLlts ultljlw % M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ljleGg gLlt
tyf lgodfjnL, dfkb08, lgb]{lzsf, vf;k|sf]k;“u
;DalGwt :t/Lo sfo{;~rfng sfo{ljlw, vf;
k|sf]k;“u ;DalGwt ljz]if /fli6«o sfo{qmdx? tof/
kfg]{ tyf qmdzM ltgsf] sfof{Gjog .
/0fgLlts ultljlw ^ M cfkTsfnLg sfo{;+rfng s]Gb|x? -Emergency
Operation Centres-EOCs_ sf] ;~hfn u7g,
s]Gb|Lo txdf Pp6f / lhNnf tyf gu/kflnsf
txdf c? s]Gb|x? .
/0fgLlts ultljlw & M ;|f]tx?sf] ljlgof]hg ug]{ tyf lbuf] cfly{s ;|f]tsf
nflu ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfsf sfo{ @ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult
ljkb\sf hf]lvdx?sf] klxrfg, lgwf{/0f / cg'udg ug]{ tyf k"j{r]tfjgLlbg] Aoj:yfsf] clej[l4 ug]{ .
;"rs ! k|sf]k tYof+s / ;+s6f;Ggtf hfgsf/Ldf cfwfl/t Pjd\ k|d'v
If]qx?sf] hf]lvd lgwf{/0f;lxtsf] /fli6«o / :yfgLo hf]lvd lgwf{/0f .
s]xL ;d'bfox?df ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L s]xL lgsfox?n] :yfgLo:t/df
hf]lvd gS;f+sg u/]sf 5g\ . t/ tL hfgsf/Lx? ck'u / 5/ki6 5g\ . af9L,
klx/f]h:tf lg/Gt/ eO/xg] ljkb\ 36gfx?nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L /fli6«o:t/df ax'k|sf]kLo
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5}g .
ljut #% jif{b]lv /fli6«o txdf eO/x]sf ljkb\sf 36gfx?sf] /]s8{ /flvPsf]
5 / lgoldt?kdf cBfjlws klg ul/Psf] 5 . b'ef{Uojz, tL ;"rgfx? xfn;Dd
klg of]hgf th'{df / lg0f{o k|lqmofdf plrt?kdf k|of]u x'g;s]sf] 5}g . s]xL
/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o u};;x?n] k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] hf]lvdaf6 aRg ckgfOPsf
:yfgLo cg's"ng /0fgLltnfO{ a'em\g cg';Gwfgx? u/]sf 5g\ . ICIMOD n]
lxdtfn ljikmf]6 / af9Lsf sf/0f kg{ uPsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s k|efjnfO{
d"Nof+sg ug{ 36gfcWoogx? u/]sf] 5 . ICIMOD / UNDPn] ;DalGwt
;/sf/L lgsfox?;“u ldn]/ s]xL If]qx?df lxdtfn ljikmf]6 hf]lvd lgwf{/0f /
cg'udg sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL Mk|lqmofut gLlt tyf ;+:yfut k|lta4tf ljgfsf s]xL k|ult .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? Mk|To]s jif{ bf]xf]l/O/xg] ljkb\ 36gfx? h:t}M af9L, klx/f], v8]/L, cfunfuL,
dxfdf/L, e"sDk cflbnfO{ ;d]6]/ /fli6«o:t/sf] ax'k|sf]kLo hf]lvd lgwf{/0f
ug]{ kxn ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L s'g} lgsfoaf6 ePsf] 5}g . ljkb\;DaGwL
pknAw hfgsf/Lx? klg of]hgf / lg0f{o k|lqmofdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5}g .
� ;'emfjx? Mu}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;“usf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df ;DalGwt dGqfnon] b]zsf
k|d'v k|sf]kx? ;d]6]/ /fli6«o hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;sf]
nflu :t/Ls[t ljlw / lgb]{lzsf sfof{Gjog ul/g'kb{5 . of] Pp6f dfq} sfo{n]
klg b]zsf] a9L hf]lvdk"0f{ ;d'bfo, k|d'v k|sf]kx?, hf]lvdk"0f{ lhNnf÷uflj;x?sf]
klxrfg eO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf sfd ug]{ w]/} ;+3;+:yfx?nfO{ tb\cg'?k
sfo{ cl3 a9fpg ;xof]u ub{5 . o:tf hfgsf/Lx? /fi6«sf] s'g} klg ljsf;
lgdf{0f of]hgfdf pkof]u ug{;lsG5 . ;/sf/ jf c? s;}n] ;+rfng ug]{
kl/of]hgfx?df ;xeflutfTds ;+s6f;Ggtf lgwf{/0f -PVA_ / ;+s6f;Ggtf
Ifdtf lgwf{/0f -VCA_nfO{ clgjfo{ ug{ kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
;"rs @ k|d'v k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx?sf] cg'udg, ;+u|x /
;Dk|]if0f ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; .
!)#!)@
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
tyf :yfgLo ljsf;sf lgsfox? -lhlj;, uflj;,
gu/kflnsf cflb_sf lgoldt ultljlwx?df
PsLs/0f .
/0fgLlts ultljlw % M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ljleGg gLlt
tyf lgodfjnL, dfkb08, lgb]{lzsf, vf;k|sf]k;“u
;DalGwt :t/Lo sfo{;~rfng sfo{ljlw, vf;
k|sf]k;“u ;DalGwt ljz]if /fli6«o sfo{qmdx? tof/
kfg]{ tyf qmdzM ltgsf] sfof{Gjog .
/0fgLlts ultljlw ^ M cfkTsfnLg sfo{;+rfng s]Gb|x? -Emergency
Operation Centres-EOCs_ sf] ;~hfn u7g,
s]Gb|Lo txdf Pp6f / lhNnf tyf gu/kflnsf
txdf c? s]Gb|x? .
/0fgLlts ultljlw & M ;|f]tx?sf] ljlgof]hg ug]{ tyf lbuf] cfly{s ;|f]tsf
nflu ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfsf sfo{ @ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult
ljkb\sf hf]lvdx?sf] klxrfg, lgwf{/0f / cg'udg ug]{ tyf k"j{r]tfjgLlbg] Aoj:yfsf] clej[l4 ug]{ .
;"rs ! k|sf]k tYof+s / ;+s6f;Ggtf hfgsf/Ldf cfwfl/t Pjd\ k|d'v
If]qx?sf] hf]lvd lgwf{/0f;lxtsf] /fli6«o / :yfgLo hf]lvd lgwf{/0f .
s]xL ;d'bfox?df ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L s]xL lgsfox?n] :yfgLo:t/df
hf]lvd gS;f+sg u/]sf 5g\ . t/ tL hfgsf/Lx? ck'u / 5/ki6 5g\ . af9L,
klx/f]h:tf lg/Gt/ eO/xg] ljkb\ 36gfx?nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L /fli6«o:t/df ax'k|sf]kLo
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5}g .
ljut #% jif{b]lv /fli6«o txdf eO/x]sf ljkb\sf 36gfx?sf] /]s8{ /flvPsf]
5 / lgoldt?kdf cBfjlws klg ul/Psf] 5 . b'ef{Uojz, tL ;"rgfx? xfn;Dd
klg of]hgf th'{df / lg0f{o k|lqmofdf plrt?kdf k|of]u x'g;s]sf] 5}g . s]xL
/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o u};;x?n] k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] hf]lvdaf6 aRg ckgfOPsf
:yfgLo cg's"ng /0fgLltnfO{ a'em\g cg';Gwfgx? u/]sf 5g\ . ICIMOD n]
lxdtfn ljikmf]6 / af9Lsf sf/0f kg{ uPsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s k|efjnfO{
d"Nof+sg ug{ 36gfcWoogx? u/]sf] 5 . ICIMOD / UNDPn] ;DalGwt
;/sf/L lgsfox?;“u ldn]/ s]xL If]qx?df lxdtfn ljikmf]6 hf]lvd lgwf{/0f /
cg'udg sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL Mk|lqmofut gLlt tyf ;+:yfut k|lta4tf ljgfsf s]xL k|ult .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? Mk|To]s jif{ bf]xf]l/O/xg] ljkb\ 36gfx? h:t}M af9L, klx/f], v8]/L, cfunfuL,
dxfdf/L, e"sDk cflbnfO{ ;d]6]/ /fli6«o:t/sf] ax'k|sf]kLo hf]lvd lgwf{/0f
ug]{ kxn ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L s'g} lgsfoaf6 ePsf] 5}g . ljkb\;DaGwL
pknAw hfgsf/Lx? klg of]hgf / lg0f{o k|lqmofdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5}g .
� ;'emfjx? Mu}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;“usf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df ;DalGwt dGqfnon] b]zsf
k|d'v k|sf]kx? ;d]6]/ /fli6«o hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;sf]
nflu :t/Ls[t ljlw / lgb]{lzsf sfof{Gjog ul/g'kb{5 . of] Pp6f dfq} sfo{n]
klg b]zsf] a9L hf]lvdk"0f{ ;d'bfo, k|d'v k|sf]kx?, hf]lvdk"0f{ lhNnf÷uflj;x?sf]
klxrfg eO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf sfd ug]{ w]/} ;+3;+:yfx?nfO{ tb\cg'?k
sfo{ cl3 a9fpg ;xof]u ub{5 . o:tf hfgsf/Lx? /fi6«sf] s'g} klg ljsf;
lgdf{0f of]hgfdf pkof]u ug{;lsG5 . ;/sf/ jf c? s;}n] ;+rfng ug]{
kl/of]hgfx?df ;xeflutfTds ;+s6f;Ggtf lgwf{/0f -PVA_ / ;+s6f;Ggtf
Ifdtf lgwf{/0f -VCA_nfO{ clgjfo{ ug{ kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
;"rs @ k|d'v k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx?sf] cg'udg, ;+u|x /
;Dk|]if0f ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; .
!)#!)@
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
s]Gb| tyf :yfgLo:t/sf s]xL lgsfox?n] lgoldt?kdf k|sf]k ;"rgfx?
;fj{hlgs / ;Dk|]if0f ub{5g\ . ljkb\hGo tYof+ssf] ;+u|x ug]{ tyf cg'udg ug]{
sfo{ eg] cem} ;+:yfut?kdf kf/bzL{ / k|efjsf/L 9+un] ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;
x'g;s]sf] 5}g . s'g} klg txdf ;"rgf ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ s]jn ljkb\kl5sf
36gfdf dfq s]lGb|t ePsf] b]lvG5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M;fdfGo k|ult . gLlt / sfo{qmddf cfufdL sfo{x?af/]sf] s]xL ;+s]t .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL MljleGg lgsfox?n] cfcfkm\g} ;|f]taf6 ;+sng / ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf k|sf]k;DaGwL
;"rgf / tYof+sx? Pscfk;df d]n vf“b}gg\ . tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ 9f“rf, tx
k|To]s lgsfocg';f/ leGg leGg 5 . ljkb\;“u cGt/;DalGwt ljleGg If]qdf
/x]sf hfgsf/Lx? ;a} txdf pknAw 5}g . a9fOr9fO ul/Psf hfgsf/Lx? klg
r'gf}tLs} ?kdf v8f ePsf] 5 .
� ;'emfj M
ljkb\sf] If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ lgsfox?;“u} a;]/ ;"rgf ;+sngsf] lglZrt 9f“rf,
;km\6j]o/ cflb tof/ ug{;S5g\ . ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))) sf] z'?tfsf g} ^ j6f
lhNnfdf ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL (DMIS)sf] ljsf; u/]sf] lyof] .
DMIS sf] ;km\6j]o/nfO{ cBfjlws u/]/ ;a}txdf k|of]usf] nflu k|]l/t ug{
;lsG5 . o:t} ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL (GIS)df cfwfl/t k|sf]k ;"rgf
Aoj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/L o;nfO{ s]Gb|b]lv lhNnf / gu/kflnsf
tx;Dd ;+:yfut ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 . e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf] nflu
cfjlws?kdf cBfjlws x'g]u/L e"–pkof]u gS;fsf] lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
;"rs # ;a} k|d'v k|sf]kx?sf] nflu k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL . k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf]
;d'bfodf kx“"r .
Pp6f k|sf]kdf cfwfl/t k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL s]xL 7fp“x?df 5g\ . h:t} M
lrtjgdf af9Lsf], R5f]/f]Nkfdf lxdtfn ljikmf]6sf] cflb . t/ ;a} k|d'v
k|sf]kx?sf] nflu k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL eg] ;+rfngdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;fdfGo k|ult . gLlt / sfo{qmddf cfufdL sfo{x?af/]sf] s]xL ;+s]t .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
s]Gb| / ;d'bfo txdf k"0f{ k|efjsf/L / sfo{d"ns k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf]
nflu oL r'gf}tLx? b]lvPsf 5g\ M
– k|fljlws 1fg .
– cfly{s ;|f]t .
– k|lzlIft dfgjLo ;|f]t .
– ;/sf/L lgsfo / ;d'bfoaLr ;xsfo{ .
� ;'emfj M
;/sf/n] lghL–;fj{hlgs IF]qaLrsf] ;fem]bf/LnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ / gful/s
s]lGb|t k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 ug'{k5{ . :yfgLo ;Gbe{df d]n vfg] u/L
r':t / k|efjsf/L k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 . o;sf] nflu lgDg
sfo{x?df hf]8 lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 M
– k|d'v k|sf]kx?sf] klxrfg / k|sf]ksf] IF]qdf sfo{ ug]{ ;+:yf÷lgsfox?sf]
klxrfg .
– klxrfg ul/Psf tL ;+:yf÷lgsfox?sf] k|efjsf/L k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLdf
Ifdtf j[l4 .
– k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] nflu 5'§} sf]ifsf] Aoj:yf .
– b]zleq / aflx/sf ;+3;+:yfx?aLrsf] ;~hfn .
– ;+:yfut ;+oGq .
;"rs $ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fdf IF]qLo ;xsfo{sf] nflu /fli6«o / :yfgLo hf]lvd
lgwf{/0fdf IF]qLo÷cGt/b]zLo hf]lvd ;dflji6 .
If]qLo?kdf ;xsfo{ x'g'kg]{ / tYof+s, ;"rgfx? kof{Kt?kdf cfbfgk|bfg
x'g'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ ljleGg d+rx?df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] hf]8 lbPs} s'/f xf] .
!)%!)$
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
s]Gb| tyf :yfgLo:t/sf s]xL lgsfox?n] lgoldt?kdf k|sf]k ;"rgfx?
;fj{hlgs / ;Dk|]if0f ub{5g\ . ljkb\hGo tYof+ssf] ;+u|x ug]{ tyf cg'udg ug]{
sfo{ eg] cem} ;+:yfut?kdf kf/bzL{ / k|efjsf/L 9+un] ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;
x'g;s]sf] 5}g . s'g} klg txdf ;"rgf ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ s]jn ljkb\kl5sf
36gfdf dfq s]lGb|t ePsf] b]lvG5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M;fdfGo k|ult . gLlt / sfo{qmddf cfufdL sfo{x?af/]sf] s]xL ;+s]t .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL MljleGg lgsfox?n] cfcfkm\g} ;|f]taf6 ;+sng / ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf k|sf]k;DaGwL
;"rgf / tYof+sx? Pscfk;df d]n vf“b}gg\ . tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ 9f“rf, tx
k|To]s lgsfocg';f/ leGg leGg 5 . ljkb\;“u cGt/;DalGwt ljleGg If]qdf
/x]sf hfgsf/Lx? ;a} txdf pknAw 5}g . a9fOr9fO ul/Psf hfgsf/Lx? klg
r'gf}tLs} ?kdf v8f ePsf] 5 .
� ;'emfj M
ljkb\sf] If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ lgsfox?;“u} a;]/ ;"rgf ;+sngsf] lglZrt 9f“rf,
;km\6j]o/ cflb tof/ ug{;S5g\ . ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))) sf] z'?tfsf g} ^ j6f
lhNnfdf ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL (DMIS)sf] ljsf; u/]sf] lyof] .
DMIS sf] ;km\6j]o/nfO{ cBfjlws u/]/ ;a}txdf k|of]usf] nflu k|]l/t ug{
;lsG5 . o:t} ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL (GIS)df cfwfl/t k|sf]k ;"rgf
Aoj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/L o;nfO{ s]Gb|b]lv lhNnf / gu/kflnsf
tx;Dd ;+:yfut ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 . e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf] nflu
cfjlws?kdf cBfjlws x'g]u/L e"–pkof]u gS;fsf] lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
;"rs # ;a} k|d'v k|sf]kx?sf] nflu k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL . k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf]
;d'bfodf kx“"r .
Pp6f k|sf]kdf cfwfl/t k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL s]xL 7fp“x?df 5g\ . h:t} M
lrtjgdf af9Lsf], R5f]/f]Nkfdf lxdtfn ljikmf]6sf] cflb . t/ ;a} k|d'v
k|sf]kx?sf] nflu k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL eg] ;+rfngdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;fdfGo k|ult . gLlt / sfo{qmddf cfufdL sfo{x?af/]sf] s]xL ;+s]t .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
s]Gb| / ;d'bfo txdf k"0f{ k|efjsf/L / sfo{d"ns k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf]
nflu oL r'gf}tLx? b]lvPsf 5g\ M
– k|fljlws 1fg .
– cfly{s ;|f]t .
– k|lzlIft dfgjLo ;|f]t .
– ;/sf/L lgsfo / ;d'bfoaLr ;xsfo{ .
� ;'emfj M
;/sf/n] lghL–;fj{hlgs IF]qaLrsf] ;fem]bf/LnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ / gful/s
s]lGb|t k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 ug'{k5{ . :yfgLo ;Gbe{df d]n vfg] u/L
r':t / k|efjsf/L k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 . o;sf] nflu lgDg
sfo{x?df hf]8 lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 M
– k|d'v k|sf]kx?sf] klxrfg / k|sf]ksf] IF]qdf sfo{ ug]{ ;+:yf÷lgsfox?sf]
klxrfg .
– klxrfg ul/Psf tL ;+:yf÷lgsfox?sf] k|efjsf/L k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLdf
Ifdtf j[l4 .
– k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] nflu 5'§} sf]ifsf] Aoj:yf .
– b]zleq / aflx/sf ;+3;+:yfx?aLrsf] ;~hfn .
– ;+:yfut ;+oGq .
;"rs $ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fdf IF]qLo ;xsfo{sf] nflu /fli6«o / :yfgLo hf]lvd
lgwf{/0fdf IF]qLo÷cGt/b]zLo hf]lvd ;dflji6 .
If]qLo?kdf ;xsfo{ x'g'kg]{ / tYof+s, ;"rgfx? kof{Kt?kdf cfbfgk|bfg
x'g'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ ljleGg d+rx?df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] hf]8 lbPs} s'/f xf] .
!)%!)$
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ef/tLo If]qdf ag]sf af“wx?sf sf/0f g]kfndf x'g] u/]sf] 8'afgsf ljifodf5nkmnsf k|of;x? ePsf 5g\ .
� ;'emfj M/fli6«o / If]qLo:t/df hn tyf df};d;DaGwL tYof+ssf] nflu 8f6f
a}+ssf] :yfkgf .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL Ms]xL k|ult . t/ k|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut k|lta4tfsf] cefj .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ sf /fd|f cEof;x? M– s]xL :yfgx?df Pp6f k|sf]kdf s]lGb|t ePklg k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLx? ;+rfngdf
5g\ . ut jif{ -@))*_df uPsf] sf]zL af9Ldf Ps306f cufj} k"j{r]tfjgL;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ePsf]n] ;of}+ ;'/lIft:yfgdf hfg ;kmn eP / hLpHofgsf]7"nf] Iflt x'gkfPg .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf kl/of]hgfx? nfu" ePsf s]xL ;d'bfodf;+s6f;Ggtf / hf]lvd lgwf{/0f Pjd\ :yfgLo k|sf]k gS;f+sg ul/Psf5g\ . h;n] ubf{ hf]lvd /f]syfd / Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;/sf/;“u ah]6dfu ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .
– c:ktfnx?, ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx? / s]xL lghL ejgx?df e"sDk hf]lvdlgwf{/0fsf sfo{x? eO/x]sf 5g\ .
� pbfx/0f Mk|flS6sn PS;g g]kfnn] l8lksf]–$ cGtu{t af“s] / alb{of lhNnfdf
;+rfng u/]sf] af9L k"j{r]tfjgL sfo{qmdn] ;d'bfox?sf] k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{Aoj:yfkg ug]{ IfdtfnfO{ clej[l4 u/]sf] 5 . /fKtL gbL lsgf/sf] xf]lnofufp“df a:g] af“s]sL lgd{nfb]jLsf] tLg ljufxf v]t kf“r jif{cl3 cfPsf] af9Ln]aufPsf] lyof] . cf}krfl/s ljBfno lzIff lng] cj;/ gkfPklg ljleGg tflnd/ cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmdx?sf] dfWodaf6 pgn] af9L Aoj:yfkg / p4f/;DaGwL 1fg k|fKt u/]sL l5g\ . pgL kfgLsf] tx x/]/ hf]lvd cf“sng ug{;lS5g\ . To:t} ;"rgfsf] nflu sxf“ ;Dks{ /fVg], s'g a]nfdf ;'/lIft:yfglt/
hfg] h:tf hfgsf/Lx? klg pgdf 5 . pgsf] ufp“df ul7t af9L Aoj:yfkg;ldltdf /x]sf #) hgfdWo]s} pgL Ps lqmofzLn ;b:o x'g\ . of] ;ldlt;“u
xft];fO/g, 8'+uf / nfOkmHofs]6x? klg /x]sf] 5 .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fli6«o /0fgLlt -k|:tfljt_
/0fgLlts ultljlw ! M ljleGg tx tyf ljleGg :s]ndf ljleGg k|fs[lts
k|sf ]k tyf ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] lgwf {/0f ug] {,
cfjlws?kdf ltgnfO{ cBfjlws ug]{ k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf; ug]{ tyf o;nfO{ ;fj{hlgs?kdf pknAw
u/fpg] .
/0fgLlts ultljlw @ M ljkb\;“u ;DalGwt ;a} hfgsf/L ;dfj]z x'g] u/L
s]Gb|, lhNnf tyf gu/kflnsf txdf cflwsfl/s,
v'nf, ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t ljkb \
;"rgf Aoj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf tyf To;nfO{
;+:yfut ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw # M k|sf]k÷hf]lvdsf] cg'udg tyf ;fGble{s k|sf]kx?sf
nflu k"j{r]tfjgL lbg] /fli6«o k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug]{
sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw $ M zx/L tyf zx/–pGd'v If]qx?df s]lGb|t eO{ e"–
pkof]u gS;f tof/ kfg]{ tyf cfjlws?kdf o;nfO{
cBfjlws ug]{ / e"–pkof]usf] of]hgf th'{dfsf
nflu o;sf] k|of]u ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ sfo{ .
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfsf sfo{ # sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult
;a} txdf ljkb\ ;'/Iff / pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ lzIff, 1fg /gjLgtd tf}/tl/sfsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
!)&!)^
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ef/tLo If]qdf ag]sf af“wx?sf sf/0f g]kfndf x'g] u/]sf] 8'afgsf ljifodf5nkmnsf k|of;x? ePsf 5g\ .
� ;'emfj M/fli6«o / If]qLo:t/df hn tyf df};d;DaGwL tYof+ssf] nflu 8f6f
a}+ssf] :yfkgf .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL Ms]xL k|ult . t/ k|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut k|lta4tfsf] cefj .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ sf /fd|f cEof;x? M– s]xL :yfgx?df Pp6f k|sf]kdf s]lGb|t ePklg k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLx? ;+rfngdf
5g\ . ut jif{ -@))*_df uPsf] sf]zL af9Ldf Ps306f cufj} k"j{r]tfjgL;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ePsf]n] ;of}+ ;'/lIft:yfgdf hfg ;kmn eP / hLpHofgsf]7"nf] Iflt x'gkfPg .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf kl/of]hgfx? nfu" ePsf s]xL ;d'bfodf;+s6f;Ggtf / hf]lvd lgwf{/0f Pjd\ :yfgLo k|sf]k gS;f+sg ul/Psf5g\ . h;n] ubf{ hf]lvd /f]syfd / Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;/sf/;“u ah]6dfu ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .
– c:ktfnx?, ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx? / s]xL lghL ejgx?df e"sDk hf]lvdlgwf{/0fsf sfo{x? eO/x]sf 5g\ .
� pbfx/0f Mk|flS6sn PS;g g]kfnn] l8lksf]–$ cGtu{t af“s] / alb{of lhNnfdf
;+rfng u/]sf] af9L k"j{r]tfjgL sfo{qmdn] ;d'bfox?sf] k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{Aoj:yfkg ug]{ IfdtfnfO{ clej[l4 u/]sf] 5 . /fKtL gbL lsgf/sf] xf]lnofufp“df a:g] af“s]sL lgd{nfb]jLsf] tLg ljufxf v]t kf“r jif{cl3 cfPsf] af9Ln]aufPsf] lyof] . cf}krfl/s ljBfno lzIff lng] cj;/ gkfPklg ljleGg tflnd/ cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmdx?sf] dfWodaf6 pgn] af9L Aoj:yfkg / p4f/;DaGwL 1fg k|fKt u/]sL l5g\ . pgL kfgLsf] tx x/]/ hf]lvd cf“sng ug{;lS5g\ . To:t} ;"rgfsf] nflu sxf“ ;Dks{ /fVg], s'g a]nfdf ;'/lIft:yfglt/
hfg] h:tf hfgsf/Lx? klg pgdf 5 . pgsf] ufp“df ul7t af9L Aoj:yfkg;ldltdf /x]sf #) hgfdWo]s} pgL Ps lqmofzLn ;b:o x'g\ . of] ;ldlt;“u
xft];fO/g, 8'+uf / nfOkmHofs]6x? klg /x]sf] 5 .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fli6«o /0fgLlt -k|:tfljt_
/0fgLlts ultljlw ! M ljleGg tx tyf ljleGg :s]ndf ljleGg k|fs[lts
k|sf ]k tyf ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] lgwf {/0f ug] {,
cfjlws?kdf ltgnfO{ cBfjlws ug]{ k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf; ug]{ tyf o;nfO{ ;fj{hlgs?kdf pknAw
u/fpg] .
/0fgLlts ultljlw @ M ljkb\;“u ;DalGwt ;a} hfgsf/L ;dfj]z x'g] u/L
s]Gb|, lhNnf tyf gu/kflnsf txdf cflwsfl/s,
v'nf, ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t ljkb \
;"rgf Aoj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf tyf To;nfO{
;+:yfut ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw # M k|sf]k÷hf]lvdsf] cg'udg tyf ;fGble{s k|sf]kx?sf
nflu k"j{r]tfjgL lbg] /fli6«o k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug]{
sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw $ M zx/L tyf zx/–pGd'v If]qx?df s]lGb|t eO{ e"–
pkof]u gS;f tof/ kfg]{ tyf cfjlws?kdf o;nfO{
cBfjlws ug]{ / e"–pkof]usf] of]hgf th'{dfsf
nflu o;sf] k|of]u ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ sfo{ .
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfsf sfo{ # sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult
;a} txdf ljkb\ ;'/Iff / pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ lzIff, 1fg /gjLgtd tf}/tl/sfsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
!)&!)^
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
;"rs ! k|To]s txsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?df ljkb\;DaGwL ;fGble{s hfgsf/Lx?sf]
pknAwtf / kx“"r .
ljkb;“u ;DalGwt cBfjlws ;"rgf / hfgsf/Lx? 5/ki6 Pjd\ sd 5g\ .
UNDP sf] ;xof]udf ljut #^ jif{b]lv ljkb\ 36gf;DaGwL P]ltxfl;s hfgsf/L
æDesinventarÆ lgoldt ?kdf cBfjlws x'“b}cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L hnpTkGg
k|sf]k lgoGq0f ljefu, /]8qm; tyf cGo s]xL cGt/f{li6«o / /fli6«o u};;x?n]
klg /fli6«o:t/df ljkb\;DaGwL 36gfsf] hfgsf/L ;+sng / ;Dk|]if0f ub}{
cfPsf 5g\ . t/ cem;Dd klg s]Gb| / lhNnf:t/df k"0f{?kdf lqmofzLn eP/
tYof+s /fVg] / cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; x'g;s]sf] 5}g . pknAw ePsf
hfgsf/Lx? klg gof“ sfo{qmd, lqmofsnfkx?df pkof]u x'g;s]sf 5}gg\ .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
s]xL k|ult . t/ ;+:yfut k|lta4tf tyf k|lqmofut gLltsf] cefj .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
klxnf] s'/f t ljkb\sf 36gf, ;"rgf / tYof+s ;+sng, ljZn]if0f Pjd\
;Dk|]if0f ug]{ ;/sf/L lgsfo 5}g . u}/;/sf/L IF]qaf6 pknAw jf ;+slnt
hfgsf/Lx? klg kl5sf] k|of]u / ljZn]if0f k|of]hgsf] nflu Aojl:yt x'g;s]sf]
5}g . dGqfnosf jl/i7 clwsf/Lx?sf] lgoldt ;?jfn] klg ;"rgf ;+sng,
ljZn]if0f / k|jfxdf r'gf}tL yk]sf] 5 .
� ;'emfj M
– ;d'bfosf] tNnf] txnfO{ nlIft u/]/ :yfgLo efiffdf ljkb\ ;r]tgfd"ns
;fdu|Lx?sf] ljsf; / ;Dk|]if0f .
– cfd;+rf/sf dfWodx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx?sf]
k|of]udf k|f]T;fxg .
– b'u{d If]qx?df a[xb\ ;r]tgfd"ns cleofgx?sf] ;+rfng .
;"rs @ ljBfno kf7\oqmd, z}lIfs ;fdu|L / ;fGble{s tflndx?df ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, k'gnf{e cjwf/0ff / cEof;x?sf] k|j]z .
ljBdfg ljBfno kf7\oqmddf ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx? ;Lldt
5g\ / ePsf hfgsf/Lx? klg 5/ki6 Pjd\ /fli6«o cfjZostf d]n gvfg]
5g\ . ;g\ @))* df ljleGg ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf dfWolds txsf] kf7\oqmddf
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;DaGwL ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL ljleGg z}lIfs lqmofsnfkx? klg kf7\oqmddf
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . lzIff dGqfnon] sIff ^ b]lv * ;Ddsf] jt{dfg
kf7\oqmddf kl/dfh{g u/L ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL 5'§} cWofo /fVg]
rfxgf b]vfPsf] 5 . lzIfs tflnd kf7\oqmddf klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
;dfj]z ug]{ of]hgfdf dGqfno 5 . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu nlIft
hgk|zf;g :6fkm sn]hsf clwsf+z tflnd sfo{qmdx?df ;/sf/n] ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;fdu|L ;dflxt u/]sf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;+:yfut k|lta4tf k|fKt . t/ pknAwLx? g kof{Kt 5g\ g t lj:t[t .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL g]kfn ;fGble{s kf7\oqmd, ;|f]t ;fdu|L
lgdf{0f / ljsf;sf nflu ckof{Kt ;+:yfut / Aoj;flos Ifdtf .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ljifodf k|lzlIft ljBfno lzIfssf] cefj .
– ljBfno / sn]h:t/sf lzIfsx?aLr ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0faf/]
cGt/l;sfOsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ckof{Kt k|of; .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f kf7\oqmdsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]uL ;+oGq / ;+hfnsf]
cefj .
– ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ;fd"lxs k|of;sf] ;d:of .
– lzIffsf cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s If]qaLr ckof{Kt cGt/;DaGw .
� ;'emfj M
– ljBdfg ljBfno kf7\oqmd k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ lzIff dGqfnonfO{ ;xof]u
ug]{ . ;a} txsf] kf7\oqmddf k|sf]k lzIffnfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpg] lzIff gLltsf]
!)(!)*
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
;"rs ! k|To]s txsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?df ljkb\;DaGwL ;fGble{s hfgsf/Lx?sf]
pknAwtf / kx“"r .
ljkb;“u ;DalGwt cBfjlws ;"rgf / hfgsf/Lx? 5/ki6 Pjd\ sd 5g\ .
UNDP sf] ;xof]udf ljut #^ jif{b]lv ljkb\ 36gf;DaGwL P]ltxfl;s hfgsf/L
æDesinventarÆ lgoldt ?kdf cBfjlws x'“b}cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L hnpTkGg
k|sf]k lgoGq0f ljefu, /]8qm; tyf cGo s]xL cGt/f{li6«o / /fli6«o u};;x?n]
klg /fli6«o:t/df ljkb\;DaGwL 36gfsf] hfgsf/L ;+sng / ;Dk|]if0f ub}{
cfPsf 5g\ . t/ cem;Dd klg s]Gb| / lhNnf:t/df k"0f{?kdf lqmofzLn eP/
tYof+s /fVg] / cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; x'g;s]sf] 5}g . pknAw ePsf
hfgsf/Lx? klg gof“ sfo{qmd, lqmofsnfkx?df pkof]u x'g;s]sf 5}gg\ .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
s]xL k|ult . t/ ;+:yfut k|lta4tf tyf k|lqmofut gLltsf] cefj .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
klxnf] s'/f t ljkb\sf 36gf, ;"rgf / tYof+s ;+sng, ljZn]if0f Pjd\
;Dk|]if0f ug]{ ;/sf/L lgsfo 5}g . u}/;/sf/L IF]qaf6 pknAw jf ;+slnt
hfgsf/Lx? klg kl5sf] k|of]u / ljZn]if0f k|of]hgsf] nflu Aojl:yt x'g;s]sf]
5}g . dGqfnosf jl/i7 clwsf/Lx?sf] lgoldt ;?jfn] klg ;"rgf ;+sng,
ljZn]if0f / k|jfxdf r'gf}tL yk]sf] 5 .
� ;'emfj M
– ;d'bfosf] tNnf] txnfO{ nlIft u/]/ :yfgLo efiffdf ljkb\ ;r]tgfd"ns
;fdu|Lx?sf] ljsf; / ;Dk|]if0f .
– cfd;+rf/sf dfWodx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx?sf]
k|of]udf k|f]T;fxg .
– b'u{d If]qx?df a[xb\ ;r]tgfd"ns cleofgx?sf] ;+rfng .
;"rs @ ljBfno kf7\oqmd, z}lIfs ;fdu|L / ;fGble{s tflndx?df ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, k'gnf{e cjwf/0ff / cEof;x?sf] k|j]z .
ljBdfg ljBfno kf7\oqmddf ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx? ;Lldt
5g\ / ePsf hfgsf/Lx? klg 5/ki6 Pjd\ /fli6«o cfjZostf d]n gvfg]
5g\ . ;g\ @))* df ljleGg ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf dfWolds txsf] kf7\oqmddf
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;DaGwL ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL ljleGg z}lIfs lqmofsnfkx? klg kf7\oqmddf
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . lzIff dGqfnon] sIff ^ b]lv * ;Ddsf] jt{dfg
kf7\oqmddf kl/dfh{g u/L ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL 5'§} cWofo /fVg]
rfxgf b]vfPsf] 5 . lzIfs tflnd kf7\oqmddf klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
;dfj]z ug]{ of]hgfdf dGqfno 5 . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu nlIft
hgk|zf;g :6fkm sn]hsf clwsf+z tflnd sfo{qmdx?df ;/sf/n] ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;fdu|L ;dflxt u/]sf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;+:yfut k|lta4tf k|fKt . t/ pknAwLx? g kof{Kt 5g\ g t lj:t[t .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL g]kfn ;fGble{s kf7\oqmd, ;|f]t ;fdu|L
lgdf{0f / ljsf;sf nflu ckof{Kt ;+:yfut / Aoj;flos Ifdtf .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ljifodf k|lzlIft ljBfno lzIfssf] cefj .
– ljBfno / sn]h:t/sf lzIfsx?aLr ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0faf/]
cGt/l;sfOsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ckof{Kt k|of; .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f kf7\oqmdsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]uL ;+oGq / ;+hfnsf]
cefj .
– ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ;fd"lxs k|of;sf] ;d:of .
– lzIffsf cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s If]qaLr ckof{Kt cGt/;DaGw .
� ;'emfj M
– ljBdfg ljBfno kf7\oqmd k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ lzIff dGqfnonfO{ ;xof]u
ug]{ . ;a} txsf] kf7\oqmddf k|sf]k lzIffnfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpg] lzIff gLltsf]
!)(!)*
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
lgdf{0f ug]{ . tb\cg';f/ lzIfs, ljBfyL{sf] nflu ;|f]t ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
– ljBfnonfO{ ljkb\ lzIff÷;r]tgf j[l4 ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ OlGhlgol/ª, k|fljlws÷Aoj;flos tflnd,
nf]s;]jf÷k|x/L÷;]gfsf] kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z ug]{ .
– lzIff dGqfno;“usf] ;xsfo{df sn]h tyf ljBfnosf lzIfsx?nfO{ ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL tflnd lbg] .
– ljleGg nlIft ;d"xx?sf] nflu lglZrt k|sf]kdf cfwfl/t tflnd
sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
– ljBfno / sn]htxdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;dfj]z ePsf l5d]sL d'n'sx?df
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?nfO{ cWoog e|d0f u/fpg] / tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .
– s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf txdf ;xof]u ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;“u ;DalGwt kf7\oqmd / l;sfO ;fdu|Lx?, /fd|f
cEof;x?af/] cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg ;+oGq / ;+hfnsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
;"rs # ax'hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / vr{–nfe ljZn]if0fsf] ljsf; / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf]
nflu cg';Gwfg k4lt / ;fwg .
j}1flgs ljlwdf cfwfl/t ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f g]kfnsf] nflu gof“ g}
xf] . s]xL ;/sf/L sfof{no / z}lIfs ;+:yfx?n] dfq nfut–nfe d"Nof+sg /
cNkLs/0f k|of;af/] k|of]ufTds cg';Gwfg u/]sf lyP . UNISDR sf] ;xof]udf
g]kfnn] k|sf]k / ul/aLsf] cGt/;DaGwaf/] /fli6«o:t/sf] cWoog klg u/]sf]
5 . cGt/f{li6«o:t/df k|rlnt / :jLsfo{ ;fwgx? k|of]u u/]/ g]kfnn] klg
;+s6f;Ggtf lgwf{/0fsf] sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwLs]xL k|ult . ;+:yfut k|lta4tf / k||0ffnLut gLltsf] cefj .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL Mk|of]ufTds cg';Gwfg / ;fwg ljsf;sf] d'Vo jfws eg]sf] ckof{Kt
k|fljlws Ifdtf, ;a} txdf ;r]tgf, /fhg}lts Pjd\ k|zf;lgs k|lta4tf /
;|f]tx? g} xf] .
;"rs $ ljkb\ pTyfgzLntfsf] ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug{ /fi6«AofkL hgr]tgf
/0fgLltsf] ljsf; . ufp“ ;d'bfob]lv zx/LIf]q;Dddf kx“"r .
g]kfnn] w]/}jif{b]lv IDNDR / UNISDR lbj; / e"sDkLo ;'/lIft lbj;
dgfp“b} cfPsf] 5 . ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;d'bfo:t/df
xflh/Lhjfkm, jfbljjfb, 5nkmn tyf ;"rgf, lzIff / ;+rf/ ;fdu|Lx?sf]
k|of]un] hgr]tgf km}nfpg] sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L w]/}h;f] lgsfox?n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DalGwt xf]l8{ªaf]8{,
;8sgf6s, 6]lnlehg Pjd\ /]l8of] sfo{qmd, uLtufog k|ltof]lutfx? ug]{
u/]sf 5g\ . t/klg ;+s6f;Gg jf:tljs hg;+Vofsf] aLrdf kof{Kt dfqfdf
;r]tgfd"ns lqmofsnfkx? k'Ug;s]sf] 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL
s]xL k|ult . ;+:yfut k|lta4tf / k||0ffnLut gLltsf] cefj .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
ljkb\;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4sf nflu s'g} klg txdf k|0ffnLut?kdf
;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5}g . o:t} s]Gb|b]lv lhNnftx;Dd Pjd\
;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L IF]qx?aLr kof{Kt ;dGjo / ;xof]u ;+oGq v8f x'g;s]sf]
5}g .
� ;'emfj M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s ;r]tgf sfo{sf
nflu /fli6«o /0fgLltsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf; ug]{ .
– lhNnf:t/df ;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf u/L klxrfg ul/Psf ;+:yfnfO{
;d'bfo txdf hgr]tgf lqmofsnfk ;+rfng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lbOg'k5{ . o:tf]
sfo{df lqmofzLn / pTk|]l/t ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof]u Pjd\
Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmdx? pknAw u/fOg'k5{ .
– u|fdL0f / b'u{d If]qdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{ ug]{x?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
!!!!!)
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
lgdf{0f ug]{ . tb\cg';f/ lzIfs, ljBfyL{sf] nflu ;|f]t ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
– ljBfnonfO{ ljkb\ lzIff÷;r]tgf j[l4 ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ OlGhlgol/ª, k|fljlws÷Aoj;flos tflnd,
nf]s;]jf÷k|x/L÷;]gfsf] kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z ug]{ .
– lzIff dGqfno;“usf] ;xsfo{df sn]h tyf ljBfnosf lzIfsx?nfO{ ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL tflnd lbg] .
– ljleGg nlIft ;d"xx?sf] nflu lglZrt k|sf]kdf cfwfl/t tflnd
sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
– ljBfno / sn]htxdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;dfj]z ePsf l5d]sL d'n'sx?df
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?nfO{ cWoog e|d0f u/fpg] / tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .
– s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf txdf ;xof]u ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;“u ;DalGwt kf7\oqmd / l;sfO ;fdu|Lx?, /fd|f
cEof;x?af/] cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg ;+oGq / ;+hfnsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
;"rs # ax'hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / vr{–nfe ljZn]if0fsf] ljsf; / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf]
nflu cg';Gwfg k4lt / ;fwg .
j}1flgs ljlwdf cfwfl/t ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f g]kfnsf] nflu gof“ g}
xf] . s]xL ;/sf/L sfof{no / z}lIfs ;+:yfx?n] dfq nfut–nfe d"Nof+sg /
cNkLs/0f k|of;af/] k|of]ufTds cg';Gwfg u/]sf lyP . UNISDR sf] ;xof]udf
g]kfnn] k|sf]k / ul/aLsf] cGt/;DaGwaf/] /fli6«o:t/sf] cWoog klg u/]sf]
5 . cGt/f{li6«o:t/df k|rlnt / :jLsfo{ ;fwgx? k|of]u u/]/ g]kfnn] klg
;+s6f;Ggtf lgwf{/0fsf] sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwLs]xL k|ult . ;+:yfut k|lta4tf / k||0ffnLut gLltsf] cefj .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL Mk|of]ufTds cg';Gwfg / ;fwg ljsf;sf] d'Vo jfws eg]sf] ckof{Kt
k|fljlws Ifdtf, ;a} txdf ;r]tgf, /fhg}lts Pjd\ k|zf;lgs k|lta4tf /
;|f]tx? g} xf] .
;"rs $ ljkb\ pTyfgzLntfsf] ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug{ /fi6«AofkL hgr]tgf
/0fgLltsf] ljsf; . ufp“ ;d'bfob]lv zx/LIf]q;Dddf kx“"r .
g]kfnn] w]/}jif{b]lv IDNDR / UNISDR lbj; / e"sDkLo ;'/lIft lbj;
dgfp“b} cfPsf] 5 . ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;d'bfo:t/df
xflh/Lhjfkm, jfbljjfb, 5nkmn tyf ;"rgf, lzIff / ;+rf/ ;fdu|Lx?sf]
k|of]un] hgr]tgf km}nfpg] sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L w]/}h;f] lgsfox?n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DalGwt xf]l8{ªaf]8{,
;8sgf6s, 6]lnlehg Pjd\ /]l8of] sfo{qmd, uLtufog k|ltof]lutfx? ug]{
u/]sf 5g\ . t/klg ;+s6f;Gg jf:tljs hg;+Vofsf] aLrdf kof{Kt dfqfdf
;r]tgfd"ns lqmofsnfkx? k'Ug;s]sf] 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL
s]xL k|ult . ;+:yfut k|lta4tf / k||0ffnLut gLltsf] cefj .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
ljkb\;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4sf nflu s'g} klg txdf k|0ffnLut?kdf
;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5}g . o:t} s]Gb|b]lv lhNnftx;Dd Pjd\
;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L IF]qx?aLr kof{Kt ;dGjo / ;xof]u ;+oGq v8f x'g;s]sf]
5}g .
� ;'emfj M
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s ;r]tgf sfo{sf
nflu /fli6«o /0fgLltsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf; ug]{ .
– lhNnf:t/df ;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf u/L klxrfg ul/Psf ;+:yfnfO{
;d'bfo txdf hgr]tgf lqmofsnfk ;+rfng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lbOg'k5{ . o:tf]
sfo{df lqmofzLn / pTk|]l/t ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof]u Pjd\
Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmdx? pknAw u/fOg'k5{ .
– u|fdL0f / b'u{d If]qdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{ ug]{x?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
!!!!!)
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # sf /fd|f cEof;x? M– ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx? -h:t} OlGhlgo/, k|fljlws, clUg lgoGqs, 7]s]bf/,
ld:qL, ljBfno lzIfs, gLlt lgdf{tf cflb_nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
;DaGwL tflndx? k|bfg ug]{ k|of; yflnPsf] 5 .
– lzIff ljefun] xfn;fn} dfq dfWolds txsf] lzIffdf ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . c? txx?df klg qmdzM ;+nUg u/fp“b}
nfg] of]hgf ag]sf] 5 .
– OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfgn] :gftsf]Q/ txdf ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgnfO{
;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . s]xL ljZjljBfnon] :gfts txdf g} ;dflji6 u/]sf 5g\ .
– cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{nfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] sfo{qmdx? h:t} MFR, PEER,CSSR, HOPE cflb ;+rfng ePsf 5g\ .
– ljBfno sfo{qmd ;zQm x'“b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . lzIfs / ljBfyL{nfO{ tflnd,
ljBfnodf e"sDk;DaGwL cEof;x? x'g]u/]sf 5g\ . e"sDk ;'/lIft ljBfno
sfo{qmd (SESP) ;+rfng ePsf] 5 .
– ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltx?åf/f ;d'bfo:t/df tflnd, k|fylds pkrf/,
vf]hL / p4f/ (LSAR) h:tf sfo{x? eO/x]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu
sf7df8f}++ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !& df .
� pbfx/0f MsIff ! b]lv !) ;Ddsf] ljBfno kf7\oqmddf ljkb\ / ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgnfO{
;dflxt u/fpg lzIff dGqfno kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb||n] o"Pg8LkLsf] ;xof]udf
ljleGg sfo{x? ul//x]sf] 5 . o; cGtu{t jt{dfg kf7\ok':tsdf ljkb\;DaGwL
;fdu|Lx?sf] ;j]{If0f / ljZn]if0f ul/g'sf] ;fy} ljkb\, ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg, ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, ljkb\ /f]syfd, ;'/lIft ;+:s[lth:tf ljifoj:t'nfO{ s;/L
sIffut kf7\ok':tsdf ;dfj]z ug]{ eGg] ljifodf uDeL/?kdf cWoog eO/x]sf]
5 . o:t} ljifolj1, kf7\oqmdlj1, lzIfs, ljBfnox?;“u 5nkmnsf] qmd hf/L
5 / tTsfn} s'g?kdf nfu" ug]{ eGg]af/]df klg 5nkmnx? eO/x]sf 5g\ .
cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s lzIffdf ljkb\;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx? g/x]sf] cj:yfdf
;fgf] pd]/b]lv g} k|fKt ljkb\;DaGwL hfgsf/Ln] eljiodf ljkb\ ;fdgf /
pTyfgzLntfsf] ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] lglZrtk|foM 5 .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fli6«o /0fgLlt -k|:tfljt_
/0fgLlts ultljlw ! M /fli6«o z}lIfs gLltsf] ljsf;÷;+zf]wg ug]{ tyf
To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ h;n] ubf{ o; gLltdf
ljkb\;DaGwL r]tgf pTkGg ug{sf nflu ljBfnox?
dxTjk"0f{ s]Gb| x'g ;s"g\ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw @ M ljkb\;DaGwL lzIffsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw # M ljleGg nlIft ;d"xx?sf nflu ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL kf7\oqmdsf] ljsf; ug]{ tyf
;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf nflu k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf]
sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw $ M ljkb\;DaGwL r]tgf tyf k|lzIf0fsf nflu lj:t[t
/fli6«o sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{
sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw % M ljkb\ hf]lvd tyf hf]lvdsf] Go"gLs/0fsf ;DaGwdf
hfgsf/Lsf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug {sf nflu cfd
;~rf/sf dfWodx?sf] k|of]usf nflu of]hgf tyf
sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; ug]{ tyf ltgsf] ;xhLs/0f ug]{
sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw ^ M :yfgLo txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg;DaGwL
;r]tgf hufpg] sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf;÷ ;'b[9Ls/0f÷
k|f]T;fxg ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw & M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf k"j{tof/Lsf ;DaGwdf
;r]tgf pTkGg ug]{ sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; tyf
sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7g,
u}/;/sf/L ;+u7g tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{
k|f]T;fxg tyf ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] sfo{ .
!!#!!@
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # sf /fd|f cEof;x? M– ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx? -h:t} OlGhlgo/, k|fljlws, clUg lgoGqs, 7]s]bf/,
ld:qL, ljBfno lzIfs, gLlt lgdf{tf cflb_nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
;DaGwL tflndx? k|bfg ug]{ k|of; yflnPsf] 5 .
– lzIff ljefun] xfn;fn} dfq dfWolds txsf] lzIffdf ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . c? txx?df klg qmdzM ;+nUg u/fp“b}
nfg] of]hgf ag]sf] 5 .
– OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfgn] :gftsf]Q/ txdf ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgnfO{
;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . s]xL ljZjljBfnon] :gfts txdf g} ;dflji6 u/]sf 5g\ .
– cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{nfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] sfo{qmdx? h:t} MFR, PEER,CSSR, HOPE cflb ;+rfng ePsf 5g\ .
– ljBfno sfo{qmd ;zQm x'“b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . lzIfs / ljBfyL{nfO{ tflnd,
ljBfnodf e"sDk;DaGwL cEof;x? x'g]u/]sf 5g\ . e"sDk ;'/lIft ljBfno
sfo{qmd (SESP) ;+rfng ePsf] 5 .
– ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg ;ldltx?åf/f ;d'bfo:t/df tflnd, k|fylds pkrf/,
vf]hL / p4f/ (LSAR) h:tf sfo{x? eO/x]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu
sf7df8f}++ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !& df .
� pbfx/0f MsIff ! b]lv !) ;Ddsf] ljBfno kf7\oqmddf ljkb\ / ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgnfO{
;dflxt u/fpg lzIff dGqfno kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb||n] o"Pg8LkLsf] ;xof]udf
ljleGg sfo{x? ul//x]sf] 5 . o; cGtu{t jt{dfg kf7\ok':tsdf ljkb\;DaGwL
;fdu|Lx?sf] ;j]{If0f / ljZn]if0f ul/g'sf] ;fy} ljkb\, ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg, ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, ljkb\ /f]syfd, ;'/lIft ;+:s[lth:tf ljifoj:t'nfO{ s;/L
sIffut kf7\ok':tsdf ;dfj]z ug]{ eGg] ljifodf uDeL/?kdf cWoog eO/x]sf]
5 . o:t} ljifolj1, kf7\oqmdlj1, lzIfs, ljBfnox?;“u 5nkmnsf] qmd hf/L
5 / tTsfn} s'g?kdf nfu" ug]{ eGg]af/]df klg 5nkmnx? eO/x]sf 5g\ .
cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s lzIffdf ljkb\;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx? g/x]sf] cj:yfdf
;fgf] pd]/b]lv g} k|fKt ljkb\;DaGwL hfgsf/Ln] eljiodf ljkb\ ;fdgf /
pTyfgzLntfsf] ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] lglZrtk|foM 5 .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fli6«o /0fgLlt -k|:tfljt_
/0fgLlts ultljlw ! M /fli6«o z}lIfs gLltsf] ljsf;÷;+zf]wg ug]{ tyf
To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ h;n] ubf{ o; gLltdf
ljkb\;DaGwL r]tgf pTkGg ug{sf nflu ljBfnox?
dxTjk"0f{ s]Gb| x'g ;s"g\ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw @ M ljkb\;DaGwL lzIffsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw # M ljleGg nlIft ;d"xx?sf nflu ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL kf7\oqmdsf] ljsf; ug]{ tyf
;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf nflu k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf]
sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw $ M ljkb\;DaGwL r]tgf tyf k|lzIf0fsf nflu lj:t[t
/fli6«o sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{
sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw % M ljkb\ hf]lvd tyf hf]lvdsf] Go"gLs/0fsf ;DaGwdf
hfgsf/Lsf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug {sf nflu cfd
;~rf/sf dfWodx?sf] k|of]usf nflu of]hgf tyf
sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; ug]{ tyf ltgsf] ;xhLs/0f ug]{
sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw ^ M :yfgLo txdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg;DaGwL
;r]tgf hufpg] sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf;÷ ;'b[9Ls/0f÷
k|f]T;fxg ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw & M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf k"j{tof/Lsf ;DaGwdf
;r]tgf pTkGg ug]{ sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; tyf
sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7g,
u}/;/sf/L ;+u7g tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{
k|f]T;fxg tyf ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] sfo{ .
!!#!!@
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfsf sfo{ $ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult
hf]lvdsf cGtlglx{t tTjx?nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .
;"rs ! ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f jftfj/0fLo gLlt / of]hgfx?sf] k|d'v
p2]Zo . e"–pkof]u, k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{gk|lt cg's"ng
klg ;dfj]z .
k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ljBdfg P]g, sfg"g
/ cEof;x?n] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgnfO{ cleGg c+usf] ?kdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5}g .
t/ ;g\ !((^ df cg'df]bg ul/Psf] /fli6«o ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg of]hgfdf ljkb\
Aoj:yfkg;“u} e"–pkof]u, k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ klg
;Daf]wg ul/g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL
;+:yfut k|lta4tf k|fKt . pknAwL g t kof{Kt g g} Aofks .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{g;“u
;dfof]hg ug'{ cfkm}+df Pp6f r'gf}tL xf] . o;}u/L pko'Qm /fli6«o gLlt, of]hgf
/ /0fgLlt Pjd\ ;+:yfut ;+oGq / Ifdtfsf] cefjn] klg cj/f]w l;h{gf u/]sf]
5 .
� ;'emfj M
– ;fd'bflos sfo{qmdx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, jftfj/0f, hnjfo'
kl/jt{gh:tf ljifox?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg ;+3;+:yfx?nfO{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ bL3{sfnLg / cGt/;DalGwt cjwf/0ffaf6
;Daf]wg ug{ pko'Qm gLlt / ;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ . lsgeg]
ljBdfg gLlt cg';f/ lhDd]jf/ lgsfo -u[x dGqfnodftxtsf lgsfox?
h:t} If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, Onfsf k|zf;g
sfof{no cflb_ ljkb\df eGbf zflGt;'/Iffsf nflu g} a9L s]lGb|t 5g\ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ c? ;fGble{s ;jfn÷ljifox?;“u ;dfof]hg
ug{ k|To]s txsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 cfjZos 5 .
– ;a} tx / ;a} If]qsf aLrdf alnof] ;dGjo / ;+oGq :yfkgf ug]{ .
;"rs @ clt hf]lvddf /x]sf] hg;+Vofsf] ;+s6f;Ggtf Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;fdflhs
gLlt / of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog .
:jf:Yo dGqfnon] ljleGg lgsfox?sf] cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof]udf
g]kfnsf s]xL c:ktfnx?df u}/;+/rgfTds ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 .
;fy} ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;'emfjx?;d]t lbPsf] 5 . cTolws
;+s6f;Gg hg;+Vofsf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu aLdf, vfB ;'/Iff h:tf
ljifodf /fli6«o:t/df s'g} kxn ePsf] 5}g . ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?n]
vfB c;'/Iff ePsf 7fp“x?df 5'6 d"Nodf vfBfGg pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf] 5 .
lgdf{0f P]g @)^$ s]xL gu/kflnsfx?df nfu" ePsf 5g\ .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M;+:yfut k|lta4tf k|fKt . pknAwLx? g t kof{Kt g g} Aofks .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M– clwsf/k|fKt pko'\Qm ;+:yfsf] cefj .
– pko'Qm gLltsf] cefj .
– ckof{Kt k|lzlIft dfgjLo ;|f]t .
– cfjZos k|ljlwsf] sdL . h:t} hn tyf df};d k"jf{g'dfg dxfzfvf
Pslbgsf] cg'dfg ug{ dfq ;Ifd 5 .
� ;'emfj M– ljkb\sf] ;fdgf / pTyfgzLntf ljsf; ug{ hLljsf]kfh{g Pjd\ cfod"ns
sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; .
– k|:tfljt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g, /0fgLltsf] cg'df]bg .
– clwsf/k|fKt ;+:yf .
!!%!!$
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfsf sfo{ $ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult
hf]lvdsf cGtlglx{t tTjx?nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .
;"rs ! ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f jftfj/0fLo gLlt / of]hgfx?sf] k|d'v
p2]Zo . e"–pkof]u, k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{gk|lt cg's"ng
klg ;dfj]z .
k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ljBdfg P]g, sfg"g
/ cEof;x?n] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkgnfO{ cleGg c+usf] ?kdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5}g .
t/ ;g\ !((^ df cg'df]bg ul/Psf] /fli6«o ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg of]hgfdf ljkb\
Aoj:yfkg;“u} e"–pkof]u, k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ klg
;Daf]wg ul/g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL
;+:yfut k|lta4tf k|fKt . pknAwL g t kof{Kt g g} Aofks .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ k|fs[lts ;|f]t Aoj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{g;“u
;dfof]hg ug'{ cfkm}+df Pp6f r'gf}tL xf] . o;}u/L pko'Qm /fli6«o gLlt, of]hgf
/ /0fgLlt Pjd\ ;+:yfut ;+oGq / Ifdtfsf] cefjn] klg cj/f]w l;h{gf u/]sf]
5 .
� ;'emfj M
– ;fd'bflos sfo{qmdx?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, jftfj/0f, hnjfo'
kl/jt{gh:tf ljifox?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg ;+3;+:yfx?nfO{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ bL3{sfnLg / cGt/;DalGwt cjwf/0ffaf6
;Daf]wg ug{ pko'Qm gLlt / ;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ . lsgeg]
ljBdfg gLlt cg';f/ lhDd]jf/ lgsfo -u[x dGqfnodftxtsf lgsfox?
h:t} If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, Onfsf k|zf;g
sfof{no cflb_ ljkb\df eGbf zflGt;'/Iffsf nflu g} a9L s]lGb|t 5g\ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ c? ;fGble{s ;jfn÷ljifox?;“u ;dfof]hg
ug{ k|To]s txsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 cfjZos 5 .
– ;a} tx / ;a} If]qsf aLrdf alnof] ;dGjo / ;+oGq :yfkgf ug]{ .
;"rs @ clt hf]lvddf /x]sf] hg;+Vofsf] ;+s6f;Ggtf Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;fdflhs
gLlt / of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog .
:jf:Yo dGqfnon] ljleGg lgsfox?sf] cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof]udf
g]kfnsf s]xL c:ktfnx?df u}/;+/rgfTds ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 .
;fy} ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;'emfjx?;d]t lbPsf] 5 . cTolws
;+s6f;Gg hg;+Vofsf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu aLdf, vfB ;'/Iff h:tf
ljifodf /fli6«o:t/df s'g} kxn ePsf] 5}g . ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?n]
vfB c;'/Iff ePsf 7fp“x?df 5'6 d"Nodf vfBfGg pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf] 5 .
lgdf{0f P]g @)^$ s]xL gu/kflnsfx?df nfu" ePsf 5g\ .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M;+:yfut k|lta4tf k|fKt . pknAwLx? g t kof{Kt g g} Aofks .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M– clwsf/k|fKt pko'\Qm ;+:yfsf] cefj .
– pko'Qm gLltsf] cefj .
– ckof{Kt k|lzlIft dfgjLo ;|f]t .
– cfjZos k|ljlwsf] sdL . h:t} hn tyf df};d k"jf{g'dfg dxfzfvf
Pslbgsf] cg'dfg ug{ dfq ;Ifd 5 .
� ;'emfj M– ljkb\sf] ;fdgf / pTyfgzLntf ljsf; ug{ hLljsf]kfh{g Pjd\ cfod"ns
sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; .
– k|:tfljt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g, /0fgLltsf] cg'df]bg .
– clwsf/k|fKt ;+:yf .
!!%!!$
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– k|lzlIft dfgjLo ;|f]t .
– cfjZos k|ljlwsf] k|of]u .
;"rs # cfly{s ultljlwdf ;+s6f;Ggtf Go"gLs/0f ug{ cfly{s / pTkfbgd"ns
If]q s]lGb|t gLlt tyf of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog .
bzf}+ /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgf / tLg jifL{o cGtl/d ljsf; of]hgfn] ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / ljkb–ljsf;aLrsf] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ a9fjf lbg] eg]klg
p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] cy{k"0f{ sfo{qmd tyf ultljlwx? sfof{Gjog
ul/Psf] 5}g . /fli6«o s[lif gLlt @))$, /fli6«o cfjf; gLlt !((^, /fli6«o
zx/L gLlt @))^ h:tf If]qut gLltx?df ljkb\sf] ;jfnnfO{ ;d]l6Pklg sfof{Gjog
kIf eg] lkmtnf] /x]sf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;+:yfut k|lta4tf k|fKt . pknAwLx? g t kof{Kt g g} Aofks .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
b]zsf] ljkb\ ;+s6f;Gg cfly{s ultljlw / pTkfbg IF]qnfO{ klxrfg ug{
s'g} k|lqmofut cWoog ePsf] 5}g / hfgsf/L klg 5}g . g]kfn hLjg:t/
;j]{If0f !((^ / @))#÷@))$ n] cfly{s?kdf hf]lvdk"0f{ If]qsf] klxrfg u/]klg
cfly{s ;+s6f;Ggtf / ljkb\sf] aLrdf cGt/;DaGw eg] b]vfPsf] 5}g .
� ;'emfj M
– ;+s6f;Gg cfly{s ultljlwx?sf] af/]df k|of]ul;4 cWoog / ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
– o:tf cWoog / cg';Gwfgdf lghL / ;fj{hlgs b'j} If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;jfnnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ljlQo hf]lvd ljt/0f ;+oGq
-h:t} aLdf_ / c? k|]/0ffbfoL ljlQo of]hgfx?sf] ljsf; / k|j4{g ug]{ .
;"rs $ dfgj a;f]af; of]hgf / Aoj:yfkgdf lgdf{0f ;+lxtf;lxt ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf tTjx?nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug]{ .
e"–pkof]u of]hgfnfO{ k|To]s cfjlws ljsf; of]hgfdf dxTjsf ;fy
k|lta4tf hgfOPsf] 5 . t/ b'ef{Uojz o;sf] sfof{Gjog / cg'udg eg] lkmtnf]
5 . lgdf{0f ;+lxtf gu/kflnsf If]qx?df clgjfo{ u/fOPsf] 5 . t/ ;f“rf] cy{df
o;sf] cg'udg eg] x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;+:yfut k|lta4tf k|fKt . pknAwLx? g t kof{Kt g g} Aofks .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
dfgj a;f]af; sfo{qmddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ eGg]
gLlt t aGof] t/ k|efjsf/L?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
� ;'emfj M
/fli6«o lgdf{0f ;+lxtfsf] s8f?kdf kfngf ug]{ / e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf]
cjnDag ug]{ .
;"rs % ljkb\ kZrftsf k'gnf{e / k'g:yf{kgf k|lqmofdf ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf] ;dfof]hg .
ljBdfg ljkb\;DaGwL gLlt / cEof;x?df ljkb\kZrftsf ultljlwx?
‘kl5;Ddsf] nflu /fd|f]’ cjwf/0ff cg'?k 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL
k|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut k|lta4tf ljgfsf] s]xL pknAwL .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
– ljBdfg ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g -!(*@_n] ljkb\kZrftsf ultljlwx?df ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ a]jf:tf u/]sf] 5 .
– k|:tfljt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]gn] klg cg'df]lbt x'g] cfzf ul/Psf] eGbf a9L
;do lnO/x]sf] 5 .
!!&!!^
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
– k|lzlIft dfgjLo ;|f]t .
– cfjZos k|ljlwsf] k|of]u .
;"rs # cfly{s ultljlwdf ;+s6f;Ggtf Go"gLs/0f ug{ cfly{s / pTkfbgd"ns
If]q s]lGb|t gLlt tyf of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog .
bzf}+ /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgf / tLg jifL{o cGtl/d ljsf; of]hgfn] ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / ljkb–ljsf;aLrsf] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ a9fjf lbg] eg]klg
p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] cy{k"0f{ sfo{qmd tyf ultljlwx? sfof{Gjog
ul/Psf] 5}g . /fli6«o s[lif gLlt @))$, /fli6«o cfjf; gLlt !((^, /fli6«o
zx/L gLlt @))^ h:tf If]qut gLltx?df ljkb\sf] ;jfnnfO{ ;d]l6Pklg sfof{Gjog
kIf eg] lkmtnf] /x]sf] 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;+:yfut k|lta4tf k|fKt . pknAwLx? g t kof{Kt g g} Aofks .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
b]zsf] ljkb\ ;+s6f;Gg cfly{s ultljlw / pTkfbg IF]qnfO{ klxrfg ug{
s'g} k|lqmofut cWoog ePsf] 5}g / hfgsf/L klg 5}g . g]kfn hLjg:t/
;j]{If0f !((^ / @))#÷@))$ n] cfly{s?kdf hf]lvdk"0f{ If]qsf] klxrfg u/]klg
cfly{s ;+s6f;Ggtf / ljkb\sf] aLrdf cGt/;DaGw eg] b]vfPsf] 5}g .
� ;'emfj M
– ;+s6f;Gg cfly{s ultljlwx?sf] af/]df k|of]ul;4 cWoog / ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
– o:tf cWoog / cg';Gwfgdf lghL / ;fj{hlgs b'j} If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;jfnnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ljlQo hf]lvd ljt/0f ;+oGq
-h:t} aLdf_ / c? k|]/0ffbfoL ljlQo of]hgfx?sf] ljsf; / k|j4{g ug]{ .
;"rs $ dfgj a;f]af; of]hgf / Aoj:yfkgdf lgdf{0f ;+lxtf;lxt ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf tTjx?nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug]{ .
e"–pkof]u of]hgfnfO{ k|To]s cfjlws ljsf; of]hgfdf dxTjsf ;fy
k|lta4tf hgfOPsf] 5 . t/ b'ef{Uojz o;sf] sfof{Gjog / cg'udg eg] lkmtnf]
5 . lgdf{0f ;+lxtf gu/kflnsf If]qx?df clgjfo{ u/fOPsf] 5 . t/ ;f“rf] cy{df
o;sf] cg'udg eg] x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;+:yfut k|lta4tf k|fKt . pknAwLx? g t kof{Kt g g} Aofks .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
dfgj a;f]af; sfo{qmddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ eGg]
gLlt t aGof] t/ k|efjsf/L?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
� ;'emfj M
/fli6«o lgdf{0f ;+lxtfsf] s8f?kdf kfngf ug]{ / e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf]
cjnDag ug]{ .
;"rs % ljkb\ kZrftsf k'gnf{e / k'g:yf{kgf k|lqmofdf ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf] ;dfof]hg .
ljBdfg ljkb\;DaGwL gLlt / cEof;x?df ljkb\kZrftsf ultljlwx?
‘kl5;Ddsf] nflu /fd|f]’ cjwf/0ff cg'?k 5}g .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL
k|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut k|lta4tf ljgfsf] s]xL pknAwL .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tL M
– ljBdfg ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g -!(*@_n] ljkb\kZrftsf ultljlwx?df ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ a]jf:tf u/]sf] 5 .
– k|:tfljt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]gn] klg cg'df]lbt x'g] cfzf ul/Psf] eGbf a9L
;do lnO/x]sf] 5 .
!!&!!^
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� ;'emfj M
– k|:tfljt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]gsf] rf“8f] eGbf rf“8f] sfof{Gjog .
– ;a} txdf Ifdtf j[l4 .
;"rs ^ k|d'v ljsf; kl/of]hgf -ljz]iftM k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f_ x?df ljkb\
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|lqmofsf] Aoj:yf .
k|d'v kl/of]hgfx?sf] of]hgf r/0fd} ljkb\ hf]lvd lgwf{/0fnfO{ ;dfj]z /
;+:yfut ug]{ s'/fdf ;/sf/ ;r]t 5 . h:t} jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg (EIA)sf] Aoj:yf . t/ klg k|efjsfl/tf j[l4sf] nflu gof“ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g nfu"
x'g' h?/L 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwLk|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut k|lta4tf ljgfsf] s]xL k|ult .
� ;'emfj M– ;a} ljsf; kl/of]hgf / sfo{qmdx?df ljkb\ k|efj lgwf{/0fnfO{ clgjfo{
agfpg] .
– ;a} gof“ ljBfno, c:ktfn, k|d'v ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfx?, k"jf{wf/x? ;'/–
lIft 5g\ / ljkb\kl5sf] cj:yfdf klg lg/Gt/ sfo{ ug{ ;Ifd 5g\ eGg]
;'lglZrttf ug{ pko'Qm k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $ sf /fd|f cEof;x? M– g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jf:Yo If]qsf] nflu cfkTsfnLg k"j{tof/L / ljkb\
k|ltsfo{ of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .
– w]/} ;+3;+:yfx?n] jftfj/0fd}qL / hnjfo';r]t /xL cfcfkm\gf ultljlwx?
;+rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ .
– d'Vo c:ktfnx?, vfg]kfgL ljt/0f ;+/rgfx? Pjd\ s]xL ;+:yfut÷lghL
ejgx?df ;+/rgfTds / u}/;+/rgfTds ;+s6f;Ggtf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
– ljkb\sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;gftg ljlwx?nfO{ klg dxTj lbg] k|rng a9\b} uO–
/x]sf] 5 . h:t} M :yfgLo 7fp“df ;'xfp“bf] j}slNks afnLsf] klxrfg /
pkof]u, e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds lgdf{0fdf ;gftg 1fgsf] k|of]u cflb .
– ;d'bfo:t/df ul7t C0f tyf art ;d"xx?n] ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xnfO{ cfly{s
;xfotf lbg] Aoj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 .
� pbfx/0f Md;L{ sk{; g]kfnn] g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L s}nfnL zfvf;“usf] ;xsfo{df
s}nfnL lhNnfsf] rf/ uflj;sf 5j6f ;d'bfox?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL
kl/of]hgf ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . kl/of]hgfn] :yfgLo ;|f]tsf] k|of]u ub}{ ;Lkdf
cfwfl/t k|ljlw / cEof;nfO{ k|j4{g u¥of] . yf]/} nfutdf aGg], ;lhnf];“u
dd{t;Def/ ug{ ;lsg] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf tl/sfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOof] .
To;dWo]s} Ps lyof] afof]–OlGhlgol/ª . afof]–OlGhlgol/ª sfo{sf] nflu
!#(* ld6/ If]qkmndf ;:tf] / ;'ne af“; Pjd\ afn'jf el/Psf af]/fx?sf]
k|of]u ul/of] . o:t} @& xhf/ #)) ju{ld6/df $# xhf/ lj?jfx? /f]lkP . o;n]
ubf{ s[lifof]Uo hdLg, 3/x? / :yfgLo k"jf{wf/x?nfO{ hf]ufpg ;xof]u k'¥ofof] .
tLg;o ld6/ afof]OlGhlgol/· sfo{n] km"naf/L uflj;sf] nlntk'/df !% ljufxf
/ x;'lnof uflj;sf] df]xgk'/df @) ljufxf v]tLof]Uo hdLgsf] ;+/If0f ePsf]
:yfgLo jfl;Gbfx? atfp“5g\ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $ sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fli6«o /0fgLlt -k|:tfljt_
/0fgLlts ultljlw ! M k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf;;DaGwL of]hgf th'{df tyf
sfof{Gjogdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL
wf/0ffnfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw @ M dxTjk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwf, hLjgsf nflu geO{
gx'g] ;fwg tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf] lgwf{/0f,
ltgsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw # M ;LdfGts[t tyf blnt ;d"x, dlxnf ;d"x, ckf·
tyf ;'ljwfaf6 al~rt ;d"x, aflnaflnsf tyf
j[4j[4fx?sf] ;d"xh:tf ;dfhsf clt;+s6f;Gg
!!(!!*
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� ;'emfj M
– k|:tfljt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]gsf] rf“8f] eGbf rf“8f] sfof{Gjog .
– ;a} txdf Ifdtf j[l4 .
;"rs ^ k|d'v ljsf; kl/of]hgf -ljz]iftM k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f_ x?df ljkb\
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|lqmofsf] Aoj:yf .
k|d'v kl/of]hgfx?sf] of]hgf r/0fd} ljkb\ hf]lvd lgwf{/0fnfO{ ;dfj]z /
;+:yfut ug]{ s'/fdf ;/sf/ ;r]t 5 . h:t} jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg (EIA)sf] Aoj:yf . t/ klg k|efjsfl/tf j[l4sf] nflu gof“ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g nfu"
x'g' h?/L 5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwLk|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut k|lta4tf ljgfsf] s]xL k|ult .
� ;'emfj M– ;a} ljsf; kl/of]hgf / sfo{qmdx?df ljkb\ k|efj lgwf{/0fnfO{ clgjfo{
agfpg] .
– ;a} gof“ ljBfno, c:ktfn, k|d'v ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfx?, k"jf{wf/x? ;'/–
lIft 5g\ / ljkb\kl5sf] cj:yfdf klg lg/Gt/ sfo{ ug{ ;Ifd 5g\ eGg]
;'lglZrttf ug{ pko'Qm k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $ sf /fd|f cEof;x? M– g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jf:Yo If]qsf] nflu cfkTsfnLg k"j{tof/L / ljkb\
k|ltsfo{ of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .
– w]/} ;+3;+:yfx?n] jftfj/0fd}qL / hnjfo';r]t /xL cfcfkm\gf ultljlwx?
;+rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ .
– d'Vo c:ktfnx?, vfg]kfgL ljt/0f ;+/rgfx? Pjd\ s]xL ;+:yfut÷lghL
ejgx?df ;+/rgfTds / u}/;+/rgfTds ;+s6f;Ggtf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
– ljkb\sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;gftg ljlwx?nfO{ klg dxTj lbg] k|rng a9\b} uO–
/x]sf] 5 . h:t} M :yfgLo 7fp“df ;'xfp“bf] j}slNks afnLsf] klxrfg /
pkof]u, e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds lgdf{0fdf ;gftg 1fgsf] k|of]u cflb .
– ;d'bfo:t/df ul7t C0f tyf art ;d"xx?n] ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xnfO{ cfly{s
;xfotf lbg] Aoj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 .
� pbfx/0f Md;L{ sk{; g]kfnn] g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L s}nfnL zfvf;“usf] ;xsfo{df
s}nfnL lhNnfsf] rf/ uflj;sf 5j6f ;d'bfox?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL
kl/of]hgf ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . kl/of]hgfn] :yfgLo ;|f]tsf] k|of]u ub}{ ;Lkdf
cfwfl/t k|ljlw / cEof;nfO{ k|j4{g u¥of] . yf]/} nfutdf aGg], ;lhnf];“u
dd{t;Def/ ug{ ;lsg] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf tl/sfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOof] .
To;dWo]s} Ps lyof] afof]–OlGhlgol/ª . afof]–OlGhlgol/ª sfo{sf] nflu
!#(* ld6/ If]qkmndf ;:tf] / ;'ne af“; Pjd\ afn'jf el/Psf af]/fx?sf]
k|of]u ul/of] . o:t} @& xhf/ #)) ju{ld6/df $# xhf/ lj?jfx? /f]lkP . o;n]
ubf{ s[lifof]Uo hdLg, 3/x? / :yfgLo k"jf{wf/x?nfO{ hf]ufpg ;xof]u k'¥ofof] .
tLg;o ld6/ afof]OlGhlgol/· sfo{n] km"naf/L uflj;sf] nlntk'/df !% ljufxf
/ x;'lnof uflj;sf] df]xgk'/df @) ljufxf v]tLof]Uo hdLgsf] ;+/If0f ePsf]
:yfgLo jfl;Gbfx? atfp“5g\ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $ sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fli6«o /0fgLlt -k|:tfljt_
/0fgLlts ultljlw ! M k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf;;DaGwL of]hgf th'{df tyf
sfof{Gjogdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL
wf/0ffnfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw @ M dxTjk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwf, hLjgsf nflu geO{
gx'g] ;fwg tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf] lgwf{/0f,
ltgsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw # M ;LdfGts[t tyf blnt ;d"x, dlxnf ;d"x, ckf·
tyf ;'ljwfaf6 al~rt ;d"x, aflnaflnsf tyf
j[4j[4fx?sf] ;d"xh:tf ;dfhsf clt;+s6f;Gg
!!(!!*
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
;d"xx?sf nflu k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ljz]if sfo{qmdx?sf]
ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw $ M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL sbdx?nfO{
ljkb\kl5sf] k'gnf{e -recovery_ tyf k'gM:yfkgsfo{qmdsf] k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw % M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu
j}slNks tyf gof“–gof“ cf ly {s ;fwgx?sf ]
ljsf; tyf k|j4{g ug]{ sfo{ .
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ % sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult
;a} txdf k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{ ;zQm kfg]{ .
;"rs ! ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf]
cjwf/0ff;lxtsf] alnof] gLltut, k|fljlws / ;+:yfut Ifdtf .
k|:tfljt ljkb hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg P]g / /0fgLltn] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg
rqmsf] ;a} tTjx?, bL3{sfnLg / lbuf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f÷Aoj:yfkg /
ljsf;–ljkb\ cGt;{DaGwnfO{ ;+nUg u/]sf] 5 . o:t} s]Gb|b]lv ;a} txdf :jfoQ
ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg lgsfosf] :yfkgf ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . t/ gLlt /
of]hgfx?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;+:yfut k|lta4tfsf] cfjZostf /xG5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
s]xL k|ult . t/ k|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf] cefj .
� r'gf}tL M
g]kfn åGåaf6 zflGt k|lqmofsf] tfls{s lgisif{tkm{ pGd'v /x]sf] 5 . o;n]
ubf{ klg k|sf]ksf ;jfnx? cln cf]em]ndf kl//x]sf] 5 . o;sf afjh'b klg
k|fljlws, ;fdflhs / cfly{s?kdf ;kmn /fd|f cEof; / ljlwx? sfof{Gjog
eO/x]sf g} 5g\ . casf] jf:tljs r'gf}tL eg]sf] ;a} txdf a[xt Ifdtf clej[l4
!@)
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
/ pkof]uL sfg"gL / gLltut jftfj/0f lgdf{0f u/L oL cEof;x?nfO{ cem
prfO“df k'¥ofpg] g} xf] . uflj;b]lv s]Gb|Lo tx;Dd sfof{Gjog ;+oGqsf] cefj
x'g'klg csf]{ r'gf}tL xf] .
� ;'emfj M
– k|:tfljt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g / /0fgLltx? kfl/t ug{sf] nflu jsfnt ug]{ .
/fli6«o ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
– cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{ / k"j{tof/Lsf of]hgfx?sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ug{
/fli6«o ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg k|flws/0f (NDMA) sf] :yfkgf ug]{ . b]zel/
g} cfkTsfnLg s]Gb|x?sf] ;+rfng ug]{ .
– gLltlgdf{tf tyf lg0f{ostf{x?nfO{ nlIft u/L ufp“, lhNnfb]lv s]Gb|Lo
tx;Dd Ifdtf j[l4 / ;r]tgf hufpg] lqmofsnfkx? Aofks agfpg] .
– P]g / /0fgLltnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg Pjd\ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
ljsf; of]hgf / sfof{Gjogdf ;dfof]hg ug{ pko'Qm gLltlgodx? th'{df
ug]{ . o;nfO{ zf;gsf] ;a} txdf ;dflji6 ug]{ . o;f] ubf{ ;a} k"jf{wf/x?
ljkb\ pTyfgzLn x'G5g\ / dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx? ljkb\kl5 klg ;+rfngdf
cfpg;S5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug{ ;lsG5 .
– pko'Qm tflnd lgb]{lzsfx? tof/ ug]{ / k|of]udf Nofpg] .
;"rs @ ;a} k|zf;lgs txdf ljkb\ k"j{tof/L of]hgf / ;DefAo of]hgfx?sf]
lgdf{0f . ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ sfo{qmdx? k/LIf0f / ljsf; ug{ lgoldt tflnd
cEof; / l/x;{nsf] cfof]hgf .
;g\ @))) sf] z'?jfttfsf g} s]xL lhNnfdf ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL
(GIS) df cfwfl/t lhNnf ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg of]hgfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] lyof] .
t/ ;dGjo / k|fljlws Ifdtfsf] cefjdf o;sf] k"0f{?kdf sfof{Gjog /
cg'udg ePg . To;cl3 ;g\ !((# d} g]kfnn] /fli6«o ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg of]hgfsf]
ljsf; u/L ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf] klxnf] ljZjAofkL ;Dd]ng -!(($_df k|:t't
u/]sf] lyof] / ;/sf/n] klg !((^ df cg'df]bg u/]sf] lyof] . t/ ljljw
sdhf]/L / sf/0fn] ubf{ o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g;s]g . lhNnf,
gu/kflnsf / uflj; txdf k"j{tof/L of]hgf cem} ;dfj]z ug{ af“sL 5 . /fxt!@!
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
;d"xx?sf nflu k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ljz]if sfo{qmdx?sf]
ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw $ M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL sbdx?nfO{
ljkb\kl5sf] k'gnf{e -recovery_ tyf k'gM:yfkgsfo{qmdsf] k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw % M ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu
j}slNks tyf gof“–gof“ cf ly {s ;fwgx?sf ]
ljsf; tyf k|j4{g ug]{ sfo{ .
x\of]uf] k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ % sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult
;a} txdf k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{ ;zQm kfg]{ .
;"rs ! ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf]
cjwf/0ff;lxtsf] alnof] gLltut, k|fljlws / ;+:yfut Ifdtf .
k|:tfljt ljkb hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg P]g / /0fgLltn] ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg
rqmsf] ;a} tTjx?, bL3{sfnLg / lbuf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f÷Aoj:yfkg /
ljsf;–ljkb\ cGt;{DaGwnfO{ ;+nUg u/]sf] 5 . o:t} s]Gb|b]lv ;a} txdf :jfoQ
ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg lgsfosf] :yfkgf ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . t/ gLlt /
of]hgfx?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;+:yfut k|lta4tfsf] cfjZostf /xG5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
s]xL k|ult . t/ k|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf] cefj .
� r'gf}tL M
g]kfn åGåaf6 zflGt k|lqmofsf] tfls{s lgisif{tkm{ pGd'v /x]sf] 5 . o;n]
ubf{ klg k|sf]ksf ;jfnx? cln cf]em]ndf kl//x]sf] 5 . o;sf afjh'b klg
k|fljlws, ;fdflhs / cfly{s?kdf ;kmn /fd|f cEof; / ljlwx? sfof{Gjog
eO/x]sf g} 5g\ . casf] jf:tljs r'gf}tL eg]sf] ;a} txdf a[xt Ifdtf clej[l4
!@)
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
/ pkof]uL sfg"gL / gLltut jftfj/0f lgdf{0f u/L oL cEof;x?nfO{ cem
prfO“df k'¥ofpg] g} xf] . uflj;b]lv s]Gb|Lo tx;Dd sfof{Gjog ;+oGqsf] cefj
x'g'klg csf]{ r'gf}tL xf] .
� ;'emfj M
– k|:tfljt ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg P]g / /0fgLltx? kfl/t ug{sf] nflu jsfnt ug]{ .
/fli6«o ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
– cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{ / k"j{tof/Lsf of]hgfx?sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ug{
/fli6«o ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg k|flws/0f (NDMA) sf] :yfkgf ug]{ . b]zel/
g} cfkTsfnLg s]Gb|x?sf] ;+rfng ug]{ .
– gLltlgdf{tf tyf lg0f{ostf{x?nfO{ nlIft u/L ufp“, lhNnfb]lv s]Gb|Lo
tx;Dd Ifdtf j[l4 / ;r]tgf hufpg] lqmofsnfkx? Aofks agfpg] .
– P]g / /0fgLltnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg Pjd\ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
ljsf; of]hgf / sfof{Gjogdf ;dfof]hg ug{ pko'Qm gLltlgodx? th'{df
ug]{ . o;nfO{ zf;gsf] ;a} txdf ;dflji6 ug]{ . o;f] ubf{ ;a} k"jf{wf/x?
ljkb\ pTyfgzLn x'G5g\ / dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwfx? ljkb\kl5 klg ;+rfngdf
cfpg;S5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug{ ;lsG5 .
– pko'Qm tflnd lgb]{lzsfx? tof/ ug]{ / k|of]udf Nofpg] .
;"rs @ ;a} k|zf;lgs txdf ljkb\ k"j{tof/L of]hgf / ;DefAo of]hgfx?sf]
lgdf{0f . ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ sfo{qmdx? k/LIf0f / ljsf; ug{ lgoldt tflnd
cEof; / l/x;{nsf] cfof]hgf .
;g\ @))) sf] z'?jfttfsf g} s]xL lhNnfdf ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL
(GIS) df cfwfl/t lhNnf ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg of]hgfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] lyof] .
t/ ;dGjo / k|fljlws Ifdtfsf] cefjdf o;sf] k"0f{?kdf sfof{Gjog /
cg'udg ePg . To;cl3 ;g\ !((# d} g]kfnn] /fli6«o ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg of]hgfsf]
ljsf; u/L ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf] klxnf] ljZjAofkL ;Dd]ng -!(($_df k|:t't
u/]sf] lyof] / ;/sf/n] klg !((^ df cg'df]bg u/]sf] lyof] . t/ ljljw
sdhf]/L / sf/0fn] ubf{ o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g;s]g . lhNnf,
gu/kflnsf / uflj; txdf k"j{tof/L of]hgf cem} ;dfj]z ug{ af“sL 5 . /fxt!@!
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
;fdu|Lx? /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+df dfq geO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ lhNnfx?df klg k'¥ofpg
h?/L 5 . g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Ln] cfkTsfnLg cj:yfsf nflu eg]/ vfB /
cGo ;fdu|Lx? ;+u|x ug{ uf]bfdx? agfPsf] 5 . o:tf uf]bfdx? sDtLdf klg
lhNnftxdf lj:tfl/t ul/g'k5{ . ljkb\ k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{df :jod\;]jssf]
?kdf sfo{ ug{ o'jfx?nfO{ clek|]l/t ug]{ jftfj/0f ;/sf/n] agfOlbg'kb{5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
s]xL k|ult . k|0ffnLut gLlt Pjd\ ;+:yfut k|lta4tfsf] cefj .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M– of]hgfa4 ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f÷Aoj:yfkg cfjZostf Pjd\ ljsf;–
ljkb\aLrsf] cGt/;DaGwaf/] sdhf]/ a'emfO .
– ;a} txdf Ifdtfsf] sdL .
– ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lx?df pTk|]/0ffsf] sdL .
– sfo{qmd lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ckof{Kt cfly{s ;|f]t ljlgof]hg .
� ;'emfj M– ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg /0fg}lts of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
– s]xL /0fg}lts :yfgx?df /fxt ;fdu|L ;+u|x ug{ / p4f/ ;fdu|Lx? /fVg
uf]bfd3/x?sf] Aoj:yf ug]{ .
– cfkTsfnLg ;dodf k|of]u ug]{ u/L cfkTsfnLg sf]if, To;nfO{ ;+rfng ug]{
lhDd]jf/ lgsfo / ;]jf k|bfosx? lglb{i6 ug]{ .
– ;r]tgf tflnd, ;]jfsfnLg tflnd, :yfgLo ;|f]tx?sf] kl/rfngåf/f
uflj;:t/sf ;d'bfosf] cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
;"rs # k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{e sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cfly{s
;l~rlt / ;DefAo ;+oGqx? .
k|wfgdGqL ljkb\ /fxt sf]if / u[x dGqfnosf] lgoldt ljkb\ /fxt sf]if u/L
b'O{ ;|f]taf6 ;/sf/n] k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{e lqmofsnfknfO{ ;xof]u ub{5 . oL
b'O{dWo] cl3Nnf] sf]ifdf ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o AolQm tyf ;+:yfn]
lbPsf] ;xof]u hDdf x'G5 eg] u[x dGqfnosf] sf]if lgoldt ;/sf/L ah]6af6
5'§ofOG5 . ;/sf/n] bft[ lgsfo tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] jflif{s
ah]6sf] sDtLdf klg !) k|ltzt /sd ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf 5'§ofpg
k|f]T;fxg ug'{k5{ . To;}u/L ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu uflj;b]lv s]Gb|;Dd
;a} txdf pknAw ah]6df /fxt sf]if klg ;+nUg x'g'kb{5 . ;/sf/n] ljkb\
k"j{tof/L lqmofsnfkdf Aoj;flos hutnfO{ klg k|f]T;fxg ug'{k5{ . hLjg
;'/Iff, vf]hL tyf p4f/sf] nflu ;d'bfo:t/df tflndx? ;+rfng ul/g'kb{5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;fdfGo k|ult . gLlt / of]hgfdf cfufdL sfo{sf] nflu s]xL ;+s]t .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M
– /fhg}lts k|lta4tf .
– ckof{Kt ;|f]t .
� ;'emfj M
– hfgsf/L / cg'ejsf] cfwf/df ;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg .
– ljkb\sf] ;dodf k|efjsf/L 9+un] sfo{ ug]{ u/L k|fylds pkrf/, /fxt /
p4f/sf sfo{x?sf nflu ;d"xx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ / :yfgLo ;+oGqnfO{ a9L
nIo–pGd'v agfpg] .
;"rs $ k|sf]k 36gfsf] a]nfdf ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ / 36gfkl5 k'g/fjnf]sg
ug]{ k|lqmofx? .
w]/} ;+3;+:yfx? cfk;L l;sfO cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ k"j{of]hgf tof/ gu/L
ljkb\sf a]nfdf dfq} ug]{ub{5g\ . Pscsf{;“u 1fg / cg'ejx? cfbfgk|bfg ug]{
7f]; / :yflkt d+rsf] ljsf; cem} /fd|f];“u x'g;s]sf] 5}g . ;g\ !((^ df :yfkgf
ePsf] DPNet -ljkb\ k"j{tof/L ;+hfn_n] /fli6«o:t/df ;"rgf, cg'ej, 1fg
cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 . OCHA / /]8qm;n] Aojl:yt?kdf /
cfjlws cj:yf k|ltj]bg -Situation Report_ x?sf] ljsf; / ljt/0f
ub}{cfPsf] 5 .
!@@ !@#
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
;fdu|Lx? /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+df dfq geO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ lhNnfx?df klg k'¥ofpg
h?/L 5 . g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Ln] cfkTsfnLg cj:yfsf nflu eg]/ vfB /
cGo ;fdu|Lx? ;+u|x ug{ uf]bfdx? agfPsf] 5 . o:tf uf]bfdx? sDtLdf klg
lhNnftxdf lj:tfl/t ul/g'k5{ . ljkb\ k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{df :jod\;]jssf]
?kdf sfo{ ug{ o'jfx?nfO{ clek|]l/t ug]{ jftfj/0f ;/sf/n] agfOlbg'kb{5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
s]xL k|ult . k|0ffnLut gLlt Pjd\ ;+:yfut k|lta4tfsf] cefj .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M– of]hgfa4 ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f÷Aoj:yfkg cfjZostf Pjd\ ljsf;–
ljkb\aLrsf] cGt/;DaGwaf/] sdhf]/ a'emfO .
– ;a} txdf Ifdtfsf] sdL .
– ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lx?df pTk|]/0ffsf] sdL .
– sfo{qmd lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ckof{Kt cfly{s ;|f]t ljlgof]hg .
� ;'emfj M– ljkb\ k"j{tof/LnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg /0fg}lts of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
– s]xL /0fg}lts :yfgx?df /fxt ;fdu|L ;+u|x ug{ / p4f/ ;fdu|Lx? /fVg
uf]bfd3/x?sf] Aoj:yf ug]{ .
– cfkTsfnLg ;dodf k|of]u ug]{ u/L cfkTsfnLg sf]if, To;nfO{ ;+rfng ug]{
lhDd]jf/ lgsfo / ;]jf k|bfosx? lglb{i6 ug]{ .
– ;r]tgf tflnd, ;]jfsfnLg tflnd, :yfgLo ;|f]tx?sf] kl/rfngåf/f
uflj;:t/sf ;d'bfosf] cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
;"rs # k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{e sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cfly{s
;l~rlt / ;DefAo ;+oGqx? .
k|wfgdGqL ljkb\ /fxt sf]if / u[x dGqfnosf] lgoldt ljkb\ /fxt sf]if u/L
b'O{ ;|f]taf6 ;/sf/n] k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{e lqmofsnfknfO{ ;xof]u ub{5 . oL
b'O{dWo] cl3Nnf] sf]ifdf ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o AolQm tyf ;+:yfn]
lbPsf] ;xof]u hDdf x'G5 eg] u[x dGqfnosf] sf]if lgoldt ;/sf/L ah]6af6
5'§ofOG5 . ;/sf/n] bft[ lgsfo tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] jflif{s
ah]6sf] sDtLdf klg !) k|ltzt /sd ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf 5'§ofpg
k|f]T;fxg ug'{k5{ . To;}u/L ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu uflj;b]lv s]Gb|;Dd
;a} txdf pknAw ah]6df /fxt sf]if klg ;+nUg x'g'kb{5 . ;/sf/n] ljkb\
k"j{tof/L lqmofsnfkdf Aoj;flos hutnfO{ klg k|f]T;fxg ug'{k5{ . hLjg
;'/Iff, vf]hL tyf p4f/sf] nflu ;d'bfo:t/df tflndx? ;+rfng ul/g'kb{5 .
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
;fdfGo k|ult . gLlt / of]hgfdf cfufdL sfo{sf] nflu s]xL ;+s]t .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M
– /fhg}lts k|lta4tf .
– ckof{Kt ;|f]t .
� ;'emfj M
– hfgsf/L / cg'ejsf] cfwf/df ;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg .
– ljkb\sf] ;dodf k|efjsf/L 9+un] sfo{ ug]{ u/L k|fylds pkrf/, /fxt /
p4f/sf sfo{x?sf nflu ;d"xx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ / :yfgLo ;+oGqnfO{ a9L
nIo–pGd'v agfpg] .
;"rs $ k|sf]k 36gfsf] a]nfdf ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ / 36gfkl5 k'g/fjnf]sg
ug]{ k|lqmofx? .
w]/} ;+3;+:yfx? cfk;L l;sfO cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ k"j{of]hgf tof/ gu/L
ljkb\sf a]nfdf dfq} ug]{ub{5g\ . Pscsf{;“u 1fg / cg'ejx? cfbfgk|bfg ug]{
7f]; / :yflkt d+rsf] ljsf; cem} /fd|f];“u x'g;s]sf] 5}g . ;g\ !((^ df :yfkgf
ePsf] DPNet -ljkb\ k"j{tof/L ;+hfn_n] /fli6«o:t/df ;"rgf, cg'ej, 1fg
cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 . OCHA / /]8qm;n] Aojl:yt?kdf /
cfjlws cj:yf k|ltj]bg -Situation Report_ x?sf] ljsf; / ljt/0f
ub}{cfPsf] 5 .
!@@ !@#
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
s]xL k|ult t/ k|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut k|lta4tfsf] cefj .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg g]kfnsf] nflu gof“ ljifoj:t' xf] . lgs} yf]/} lgsfo /
;+3;+:yfx? dfq o; IF]qdf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L ;/sf/L k|lta4tfsf]
cefjdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;"rgf, hfgsf/L, 1fgx? cfbfgk|bfg
ug]{ /fli6«o / lhNnf d+rx?sf] u7g x'g;s]sf] 5}g . lhNnftxdf ljkb\ ;"rgf
Aoj:yfkg k|0ffnLnfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls[t ug'{k5{ . j8f / ufp“:t/af6 k|sf]k / ljkb\
k|efj;DaGwL tYof+sx? ;+sng ul/g'kb{5 . o;sf] nflu cfjZos ;+oGq /
Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/L lgoldt?kdf cBfjlws ul/g'kb{5 .
� ;'emfj M
– ljkb\ ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] lhNnf:t/;Dd ljs]Gb|Ls/0f .
– ljkb\ k"j{tof/L of]hgfnfO{ ;zQm agfpg kZrljkb\ l;sfO / ;dLIffsf]
Aoj:yf .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk % sf /fd|f cEof;x? M– ;/sf/n] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ c+lusf/ u/]sf] 5 .
– ljkb\sf] If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ ;/sf/L lgsfo, ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3Lo k|0ffnL,
cGt/f{li6«o / /fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;+o'Qm k|of;df ljkb\ k"j{tof/L
;~hfn (DPNet) gfdsf] ;femf d~r u7g ePsf] 5 . o; ;~hfnn] xfn
ljkb\;DaGwL ;"rgf, 1fg, Ifdtf, jsfnt, cg'ej ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr
;f6f;f6 ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{cfPsf] 5 .
– ljkb\;DaGwL kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ePsf IF]qx?df ljkb\ k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{
of]hgfx?sf] gd"gf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
– sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq dfq} bz :yfgx?df cfkTsfnLg p4f/ s]Gb|x?
:yfkgf ul/Psf 5g\ .
– nlntk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljkb\ k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{ of]hgf (DPRP)sf]
sfo{;+/rgf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . o; of]hgfdf cfkTsfnLg cj:yfdf vfnL
u/fOg'kg]{ :yfgx?sf] klxrfg, vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnL ;'b[9Ls/0f nufot
;dflji6 5 .
� pbfx/0fM:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf lgb]{lzsf tof/
ug]{qmddf /x]sf] 5 . o;n] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ k|0ffnLut?kdf / Ps?ktf;lxt
;Daf]wg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 . w]/} ;+3;+:yfx?n] s]xL lhNnfx?df -h:t}
lrtjg, gjnk/f;L, l;Gw'nL, dxf]Q/L_ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf lgdf{0f
u/]sf 5g\ . oL dWo] s]xLdf ;+/rgfut sdhf]/L b]lvPsf 5g\ eg] s]xLdf
cfwf/e"t tTjsf] sdL / s]xLsf] sfof{Gjog tx lkmtnf] /x]sf] 5 . oL ;d:ofx?
;dfwfg ug{ / ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sfo{df tNnf] txsf] klg ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt
ug{ ca aGg] lgb]{lzsfn] ;xof]u ug]{5 . o;n] ;dsfnLg ;f]r / cEof;x? tyf
ljkb\sf If]qdf b]lvPsf kl5Nnf] tf}/tl/sfx?nfO{ klg ;d]6\g]5 . lgb]{lzsfn]
;di6Lut k|sf]k / vf; k|sf]k b'j}nfO{ ;d]6\g]5 . lgb]{lzsf tof/ ePkl5
gLltlgdf{0fb]lv ufp“tx;Dd o;nfO{ ;Dk|]if0f ul/g]5 .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk % sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fli6«o /0fgLlt -k|:tfljt_
/0fgLlts ultljlw ! M /fli6«o?kdf PsLs[t ljkb\ ;xof]u k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;
ug]{ tyf To;nfO{ nfu" ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw @ M d'n'se/ cfkTsfnLg sfo{;~rfng s]Gb|sf]
Aoj:yfnufot cfkTsfnLg ;xof]u tyf k"j{tof/Lsf]
ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw # M vfBfGg, cf}iflw, cGo p4f/ ;fdu|L tyf p4f/sf
cf}hf/ tyf pks/0fsf] e08f/0fsf nflu
dxTjk"0f{ :yfgx? -s]Gb|Lo, lhNnf, gu/kflnsf
tyf ufp“ txdf_ uf]bfd3/ tyf klxn] g} ;fdfg
e08f/0f ug]{ Ifdtfsf] :yfkgf cyjf ;'b[9Ls/0f
ug]{ sfo{ .!@$ !@%
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� xfn;Ddsf] pknAwL M
s]xL k|ult t/ k|0ffnLut gLlt / ;+:yfut k|lta4tfsf] cefj .
� ;Lldttf / r'gf}tLx? M
ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg g]kfnsf] nflu gof“ ljifoj:t' xf] . lgs} yf]/} lgsfo /
;+3;+:yfx? dfq o; IF]qdf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L ;/sf/L k|lta4tfsf]
cefjdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;"rgf, hfgsf/L, 1fgx? cfbfgk|bfg
ug]{ /fli6«o / lhNnf d+rx?sf] u7g x'g;s]sf] 5}g . lhNnftxdf ljkb\ ;"rgf
Aoj:yfkg k|0ffnLnfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls[t ug'{k5{ . j8f / ufp“:t/af6 k|sf]k / ljkb\
k|efj;DaGwL tYof+sx? ;+sng ul/g'kb{5 . o;sf] nflu cfjZos ;+oGq /
Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/L lgoldt?kdf cBfjlws ul/g'kb{5 .
� ;'emfj M
– ljkb\ ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] lhNnf:t/;Dd ljs]Gb|Ls/0f .
– ljkb\ k"j{tof/L of]hgfnfO{ ;zQm agfpg kZrljkb\ l;sfO / ;dLIffsf]
Aoj:yf .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk % sf /fd|f cEof;x? M– ;/sf/n] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ c+lusf/ u/]sf] 5 .
– ljkb\sf] If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ ;/sf/L lgsfo, ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3Lo k|0ffnL,
cGt/f{li6«o / /fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;+o'Qm k|of;df ljkb\ k"j{tof/L
;~hfn (DPNet) gfdsf] ;femf d~r u7g ePsf] 5 . o; ;~hfnn] xfn
ljkb\;DaGwL ;"rgf, 1fg, Ifdtf, jsfnt, cg'ej ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr
;f6f;f6 ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{cfPsf] 5 .
– ljkb\;DaGwL kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ePsf IF]qx?df ljkb\ k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{
of]hgfx?sf] gd"gf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
– sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq dfq} bz :yfgx?df cfkTsfnLg p4f/ s]Gb|x?
:yfkgf ul/Psf 5g\ .
– nlntk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljkb\ k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{ of]hgf (DPRP)sf]
sfo{;+/rgf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . o; of]hgfdf cfkTsfnLg cj:yfdf vfnL
u/fOg'kg]{ :yfgx?sf] klxrfg, vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnL ;'b[9Ls/0f nufot
;dflji6 5 .
� pbfx/0fM:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf lgb]{lzsf tof/
ug]{qmddf /x]sf] 5 . o;n] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ k|0ffnLut?kdf / Ps?ktf;lxt
;Daf]wg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 . w]/} ;+3;+:yfx?n] s]xL lhNnfx?df -h:t}
lrtjg, gjnk/f;L, l;Gw'nL, dxf]Q/L_ ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf lgdf{0f
u/]sf 5g\ . oL dWo] s]xLdf ;+/rgfut sdhf]/L b]lvPsf 5g\ eg] s]xLdf
cfwf/e"t tTjsf] sdL / s]xLsf] sfof{Gjog tx lkmtnf] /x]sf] 5 . oL ;d:ofx?
;dfwfg ug{ / ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg sfo{df tNnf] txsf] klg ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt
ug{ ca aGg] lgb]{lzsfn] ;xof]u ug]{5 . o;n] ;dsfnLg ;f]r / cEof;x? tyf
ljkb\sf If]qdf b]lvPsf kl5Nnf] tf}/tl/sfx?nfO{ klg ;d]6\g]5 . lgb]{lzsfn]
;di6Lut k|sf]k / vf; k|sf]k b'j}nfO{ ;d]6\g]5 . lgb]{lzsf tof/ ePkl5
gLltlgdf{0fb]lv ufp“tx;Dd o;nfO{ ;Dk|]if0f ul/g]5 .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk % sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fli6«o /0fgLlt -k|:tfljt_
/0fgLlts ultljlw ! M /fli6«o?kdf PsLs[t ljkb\ ;xof]u k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;
ug]{ tyf To;nfO{ nfu" ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw @ M d'n'se/ cfkTsfnLg sfo{;~rfng s]Gb|sf]
Aoj:yfnufot cfkTsfnLg ;xof]u tyf k"j{tof/Lsf]
ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw # M vfBfGg, cf}iflw, cGo p4f/ ;fdu|L tyf p4f/sf
cf}hf/ tyf pks/0fsf] e08f/0fsf nflu
dxTjk"0f{ :yfgx? -s]Gb|Lo, lhNnf, gu/kflnsf
tyf ufp“ txdf_ uf]bfd3/ tyf klxn] g} ;fdfg
e08f/0f ug]{ Ifdtfsf] :yfkgf cyjf ;'b[9Ls/0f
ug]{ sfo{ .!@$ !@%
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
/0fgLlts ultljlw $ M cfkTsfnLg kl/l:yltsf ;fy} k"j{tof/Lsf r/0fdf
k|of]u ug{;lsg] ;'b[9 ;~rf/ k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug]{
sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw % M bIf oftfoft tyf k|aGwut Aoj:yfkg ;+oGqsf]
:yfkgf ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw ^ M uflj; txsf ;d'bfonfO{ cfkTsfnLg ;dodf ;xof]u
ug{;Sg] Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{ .
ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx?sf] ljZjAofkL ;~hfn
(GNDR)n] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf ePsf] k|ult dfkg ug{
g]kfnnufot ljZjsf $* j6f /fi6«x?df Views From the Frontline gfds
cg';Gwfg kl/of]hgf ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfndf e"sDk k|ljlw ;dfh–g]kfn
(NSET) n] cg';Gwfgsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] lyof] . tLgj6f k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnf
;d"xx? :yfgLo ;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh ;+u7g / ;d'bfodf cg';Gwfg s]lGb|t
/x]sf] lyof] . d] @))( df k|sflzt o;sf] k|ltj]bgn] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf]
sfof{Gjog k|ult g]kfndf ;Gtf]ifhgs g/x]sf] 7x/ u/]sf] 5 .
cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgn] :yfgLo ;/sf/x?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{sf
nflu :ki6 b[li6sf]0f, gLltlgod / ah]6sf] cefj /x]sf] cf}+NofPsf] 5 . o:t}
cfwf/e"t ljkb\ k|ltsfo{df g} ;/sf/L ;+oGq ;Lldt /x]sf], lhDd]jf/Lx?
5/ki6 /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/x?nfO{ k|fljlws?kdfq xf]Og
cfly{s?kn] klg ;xof]u ul/g'kg]{ Pjd\ :yfgLo ;/sf/x?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;nfO{
k|d'v k|fyldstf lbOg'kg]{ ;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 .
g]kfndf x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogdf gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx?sf] ;+nUgtf
;a}eGbf alnof] /x]sf] cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . ;d'bfo / bft[lgsfosf]
kx"“rdf /xgfn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ltgLx?sf] lqmofzLntf b]lvPklg
;du| /fi6«nfO{ eg] cem} ;Daf]wg ug{;s]sf 5}gg\ . kl/of]hgf If]q / kl/of]hgf
cjlwdf dfq k|efj b]lvg', k|lzlIft hgzlQm / k|fljlws 1fgsf] ;Lldttf /xg'
gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gsf] k|d'v r'gf}tL /x]sf] lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] 5 .
o:t} bft[lgsfo, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] ;xof]u u/]sf ;d'bfox?
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0ftkm{ ;r]t, lqmofzLn /x]sf] t/ To:tf ;d'bfox?sf]
;+Vof lgs} g} yf]/} /x]sf] cg';Gwfgsf] lgrf]8 5 . oL aflx/sf ;d'bfox?df eg]
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fk|lt Psbd} Go"g 1fg, r]tgf / ;lqmotf /x]sf] cf}+NofOPsf]
5 .
���
!@^ !@&
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
/0fgLlts ultljlw $ M cfkTsfnLg kl/l:yltsf ;fy} k"j{tof/Lsf r/0fdf
k|of]u ug{;lsg] ;'b[9 ;~rf/ k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug]{
sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw % M bIf oftfoft tyf k|aGwut Aoj:yfkg ;+oGqsf]
:yfkgf ug]{ sfo{ .
/0fgLlts ultljlw ^ M uflj; txsf ;d'bfonfO{ cfkTsfnLg ;dodf ;xof]u
ug{;Sg] Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{ .
ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx?sf] ljZjAofkL ;~hfn
(GNDR)n] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf ePsf] k|ult dfkg ug{
g]kfnnufot ljZjsf $* j6f /fi6«x?df Views From the Frontline gfds
cg';Gwfg kl/of]hgf ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfndf e"sDk k|ljlw ;dfh–g]kfn
(NSET) n] cg';Gwfgsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] lyof] . tLgj6f k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnf
;d"xx? :yfgLo ;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh ;+u7g / ;d'bfodf cg';Gwfg s]lGb|t
/x]sf] lyof] . d] @))( df k|sflzt o;sf] k|ltj]bgn] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf]
sfof{Gjog k|ult g]kfndf ;Gtf]ifhgs g/x]sf] 7x/ u/]sf] 5 .
cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgn] :yfgLo ;/sf/x?df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{sf
nflu :ki6 b[li6sf]0f, gLltlgod / ah]6sf] cefj /x]sf] cf}+NofPsf] 5 . o:t}
cfwf/e"t ljkb\ k|ltsfo{df g} ;/sf/L ;+oGq ;Lldt /x]sf], lhDd]jf/Lx?
5/ki6 /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/x?nfO{ k|fljlws?kdfq xf]Og
cfly{s?kn] klg ;xof]u ul/g'kg]{ Pjd\ :yfgLo ;/sf/x?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;nfO{
k|d'v k|fyldstf lbOg'kg]{ ;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 .
g]kfndf x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogdf gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx?sf] ;+nUgtf
;a}eGbf alnof] /x]sf] cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . ;d'bfo / bft[lgsfosf]
kx"“rdf /xgfn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ltgLx?sf] lqmofzLntf b]lvPklg
;du| /fi6«nfO{ eg] cem} ;Daf]wg ug{;s]sf 5}gg\ . kl/of]hgf If]q / kl/of]hgf
cjlwdf dfq k|efj b]lvg', k|lzlIft hgzlQm / k|fljlws 1fgsf] ;Lldttf /xg'
gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gsf] k|d'v r'gf}tL /x]sf] lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] 5 .
o:t} bft[lgsfo, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] ;xof]u u/]sf ;d'bfox?
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0ftkm{ ;r]t, lqmofzLn /x]sf] t/ To:tf ;d'bfox?sf]
;+Vof lgs} g} yf]/} /x]sf] cg';Gwfgsf] lgrf]8 5 . oL aflx/sf ;d'bfox?df eg]
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fk|lt Psbd} Go"g 1fg, r]tgf / ;lqmotf /x]sf] cf}+NofOPsf]
5 .
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!@^ !@&
cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn cWofo # M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ljifo;"rL
k[i7
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx? !@*–!$@
s_ cGt/;DalGwt ;jfnx? !#)
v_ e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj !#@
u_ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o d~r !#%
!@(
cWofo $x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf
pNn]Vo kIfx?
!@*
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ljifo;"rL
k[i7
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx? !@*–!$@
s_ cGt/;DalGwt ;jfnx? !#)
v_ e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj !#@
u_ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o d~r !#%
!@(
cWofo $x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf
pNn]Vo kIfx?
!@*
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
cWofo $= x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx? M
s_ cGt/;DalGwt ;jfnx?
! _ ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo (Millenium Development Goal) Mul/aL Go"gLs/0f ug{ :yflkt ;a}eGbf lj:t[t, nlIft / ;dly{t ljZjAofkL
kxn g} ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo xf] . ;g\ @))) df !(! /fi6«x?n] of] nIo
sfof{Gjogsf] k|lta4tf hgfp“b} x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP . o;df cf7j6f nIo, !*
j6f p2]Zo / $* j6f k|ult;"rsx? ;dflji6 ul/Psf 5g\ . ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf
ljZjsf] ul/aLnfO{ ;g\ @))) sf] t'ngfdf cfwfdf emfg]{ o;sf] k|d'v nIo xf] .
;g\ @))) df ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo to ul/Psf] a]nf ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fnfO{ /0fgLltdf /flvPsf] lyPg . t/klg ;x;|fAbL 3f]if0ffdf eg]
‘k|fs[lts / dfgj–l;lh{t ljkb\sf 36gf / To;sf] k|efj sd ug]{’ k|lta4tf
hgfOPsf] lyof] .
ljZjdf a9\b} uO/x]sf] ljkb\sf 36gf / To;sf] k|efj ;x;|fAbL ljsf;
nIosf] k|d'v r'gf}tLx?dWo] Ps ag]sf] 5 . ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf cltl/Qm
lzIff ljsf;, n}+lus ;dtf, :jf:Yo k|j4{g, jftfj/0fLo lbuf]kg h:tf ;x;|fAbL
ljsf; nIox? x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] klg k|d'v ;/f]sf/ If]q leq kb{5 . x\of]uf]
sfo{ ;+/rgf / ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo b'j} Ps} jif{ ;g\ @)!% df k"/f x'g] nIo
lnOPsf] 5 . Pscsf{aLrsf] cGt/;DaGw / ;dGjo b'j}sf] ;kmntfsf] nflu
ckl/xfo{ 5 . t;y{ ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIonfO{ k|fKt ug{ o;sf] d"Nof+sg lgb]{lzsfdf
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ klg ;dflxt ug'{ clt h?/L 5 .
@_ ax'k|sf]kLo kxn (Multi-hazard Approach)M;fdfGotof Pp6f ;d'bfo w]/} k|sf/sf k|sf]kx?sf] vt/fdf /x]sf] x'G5 .
rfx] Tof] k|fs[lts (natural) xf];\, dfgjhGo (human-induced) xf];\ jfjftfj/0fLo (environmental), k|f}Bf]lusLo (technological), ef}ule{sLo
(geological), h}ljsLo (biological) cflb g} lsg gxf];\ . t;y{ ax'k|sf]kLo
kxnsbdLn] g} ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg ;Sb5 .
lglZrt k|sf/sf] k|sf]knfO{ 5gf}6 u/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?n] ljkb\
hf]lvdnfO{ k|efjsf/L?kdf ;fdgf ug{ ;Sb}g . ax'k|sf]kLo kxn eGgfn] ;a}
k|sf/sf k|sf]kx?sf] 1fgnfO{ Pscsf{;“u hf]8\b} ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg,
/fhg}lts /0fgLltx?, Aoj;flos d"Nof+sgx?, k|fljlws ljZn]if0fx?,;+rfng
Ifdtfx? Pjd\ hgdfg;sf] a'emfOx?df ptfb}{ n}hfg] eGg] a'em\g'kb{5 h;af6
vr{–nfesf] b[li6 / sfo{ k|efjsfl/tfsf] lx;fadf 7"nf] pknAwL xft nfUg
;sf];\ .
# _ n}+lus b[li6sf]0f / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf-Gender Perspective and Cultural Diversity_Mljkb\sf] hf]lvd / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjogdf n}+lus ;jfn
klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'g cfp“5 . ljutdf ePsf ljkb\sf 36gfx?n] s] hgfPsf]5 eg] sd cfh{g ug]{ / ljljw sf/0fn] ;LdfGts[t ePsf -h:t} M j}jflxscj:yf, zf/Ll/s b'a{ntf, ;fdflhs / hftLo e]befj cflb_ dlxnfx?n] a9L;f:tL v]Kg' kl//x]sf] 5 . k|sf]ksf 36gfx?n] dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ km/skm/s?kdfk|efljt kfb{5 . ;d'bfosf] txdf dlxnfx? ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg ug{ alnof]l:yltdf b]lvG5g\ lsgeg] pgLx? cfkm}+ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkef]Qmf / Aoj:yfksx'g]u/]sf 5g\ . t;y{ n}+lus b[li6n] klg ljlzi6Ls[t ;"rgfsf] klxrfg / k|of]uul/g'kb{5 . ;fy} hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf /0fgLltx? k'?if / dlxnf b'j}sf] e"ldsfnfO{Vofn ub}{ cjnDag ul/+b}5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf x'g'kb{5 .
To;}u/L ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfkx? /fHosf] lglZrt ;+/rgfcg's"n x'g] u/L ul/g'kb{5 . ljleGg /fi6«x?sf] km/s–km/s /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs,cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, jftfj/0fLo / k|sf]ksf kl/l:yltx?df tL lqmofsnfkx?lge{/ /xG5 . kl/df0ftM Ps 7fp“df ;kmn ePsf] sfo{qmd x'ax' p:t} ug{ vf]Hbfcsf]{ 7fp“df klg ;kmn g} x'G5 eGg ;ls+b}g . t;y{ c? 7fp“sf l;sfO cg'ej/ kf7x?, cEof;x?nfO{ n]vfhf]vf u/L :yfgLo ;Gbe{df To;sf] pko'QmtflgSof}{n u/]/ dfq lqmofsnfkx? to ul/g'kb{5 . o;f] ubf{ ;f+:s[lts / eflifsljljwtf, wd{, hftLotf, /fhg}lts k|0ffnL, k|s[lt;“usf] P]ltxfl;s ;DaGw,;d'bfo / kfl/jfl/s ;~hfn Pjd\ g]t[Tj k|0ffnL, k/Dk/fut clwsf/x? cflbOToflbaf/] Psbd} ;r]t /xg'kb{5 . oL tTjx?nfO{ ;'?jftd} x[boªud u/]/ dfq
gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df ul/g'kb{5 .
!#!!#)
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
cWofo $= x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx? M
s_ cGt/;DalGwt ;jfnx?
! _ ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo (Millenium Development Goal) Mul/aL Go"gLs/0f ug{ :yflkt ;a}eGbf lj:t[t, nlIft / ;dly{t ljZjAofkL
kxn g} ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo xf] . ;g\ @))) df !(! /fi6«x?n] of] nIo
sfof{Gjogsf] k|lta4tf hgfp“b} x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP . o;df cf7j6f nIo, !*
j6f p2]Zo / $* j6f k|ult;"rsx? ;dflji6 ul/Psf 5g\ . ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf
ljZjsf] ul/aLnfO{ ;g\ @))) sf] t'ngfdf cfwfdf emfg]{ o;sf] k|d'v nIo xf] .
;g\ @))) df ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo to ul/Psf] a]nf ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fnfO{ /0fgLltdf /flvPsf] lyPg . t/klg ;x;|fAbL 3f]if0ffdf eg]
‘k|fs[lts / dfgj–l;lh{t ljkb\sf 36gf / To;sf] k|efj sd ug]{’ k|lta4tf
hgfOPsf] lyof] .
ljZjdf a9\b} uO/x]sf] ljkb\sf 36gf / To;sf] k|efj ;x;|fAbL ljsf;
nIosf] k|d'v r'gf}tLx?dWo] Ps ag]sf] 5 . ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf cltl/Qm
lzIff ljsf;, n}+lus ;dtf, :jf:Yo k|j4{g, jftfj/0fLo lbuf]kg h:tf ;x;|fAbL
ljsf; nIox? x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] klg k|d'v ;/f]sf/ If]q leq kb{5 . x\of]uf]
sfo{ ;+/rgf / ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo b'j} Ps} jif{ ;g\ @)!% df k"/f x'g] nIo
lnOPsf] 5 . Pscsf{aLrsf] cGt/;DaGw / ;dGjo b'j}sf] ;kmntfsf] nflu
ckl/xfo{ 5 . t;y{ ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIonfO{ k|fKt ug{ o;sf] d"Nof+sg lgb]{lzsfdf
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ klg ;dflxt ug'{ clt h?/L 5 .
@_ ax'k|sf]kLo kxn (Multi-hazard Approach)M;fdfGotof Pp6f ;d'bfo w]/} k|sf/sf k|sf]kx?sf] vt/fdf /x]sf] x'G5 .
rfx] Tof] k|fs[lts (natural) xf];\, dfgjhGo (human-induced) xf];\ jfjftfj/0fLo (environmental), k|f}Bf]lusLo (technological), ef}ule{sLo
(geological), h}ljsLo (biological) cflb g} lsg gxf];\ . t;y{ ax'k|sf]kLo
kxnsbdLn] g} ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg ;Sb5 .
lglZrt k|sf/sf] k|sf]knfO{ 5gf}6 u/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?n] ljkb\
hf]lvdnfO{ k|efjsf/L?kdf ;fdgf ug{ ;Sb}g . ax'k|sf]kLo kxn eGgfn] ;a}
k|sf/sf k|sf]kx?sf] 1fgnfO{ Pscsf{;“u hf]8\b} ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg,
/fhg}lts /0fgLltx?, Aoj;flos d"Nof+sgx?, k|fljlws ljZn]if0fx?,;+rfng
Ifdtfx? Pjd\ hgdfg;sf] a'emfOx?df ptfb}{ n}hfg] eGg] a'em\g'kb{5 h;af6
vr{–nfesf] b[li6 / sfo{ k|efjsfl/tfsf] lx;fadf 7"nf] pknAwL xft nfUg
;sf];\ .
# _ n}+lus b[li6sf]0f / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf-Gender Perspective and Cultural Diversity_Mljkb\sf] hf]lvd / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjogdf n}+lus ;jfn
klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'g cfp“5 . ljutdf ePsf ljkb\sf 36gfx?n] s] hgfPsf]5 eg] sd cfh{g ug]{ / ljljw sf/0fn] ;LdfGts[t ePsf -h:t} M j}jflxscj:yf, zf/Ll/s b'a{ntf, ;fdflhs / hftLo e]befj cflb_ dlxnfx?n] a9L;f:tL v]Kg' kl//x]sf] 5 . k|sf]ksf 36gfx?n] dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ km/skm/s?kdfk|efljt kfb{5 . ;d'bfosf] txdf dlxnfx? ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg ug{ alnof]l:yltdf b]lvG5g\ lsgeg] pgLx? cfkm}+ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkef]Qmf / Aoj:yfksx'g]u/]sf 5g\ . t;y{ n}+lus b[li6n] klg ljlzi6Ls[t ;"rgfsf] klxrfg / k|of]uul/g'kb{5 . ;fy} hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf /0fgLltx? k'?if / dlxnf b'j}sf] e"ldsfnfO{Vofn ub}{ cjnDag ul/+b}5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf x'g'kb{5 .
To;}u/L ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfkx? /fHosf] lglZrt ;+/rgfcg's"n x'g] u/L ul/g'kb{5 . ljleGg /fi6«x?sf] km/s–km/s /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs,cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, jftfj/0fLo / k|sf]ksf kl/l:yltx?df tL lqmofsnfkx?lge{/ /xG5 . kl/df0ftM Ps 7fp“df ;kmn ePsf] sfo{qmd x'ax' p:t} ug{ vf]Hbfcsf]{ 7fp“df klg ;kmn g} x'G5 eGg ;ls+b}g . t;y{ c? 7fp“sf l;sfO cg'ej/ kf7x?, cEof;x?nfO{ n]vfhf]vf u/L :yfgLo ;Gbe{df To;sf] pko'QmtflgSof}{n u/]/ dfq lqmofsnfkx? to ul/g'kb{5 . o;f] ubf{ ;f+:s[lts / eflifsljljwtf, wd{, hftLotf, /fhg}lts k|0ffnL, k|s[lt;“usf] P]ltxfl;s ;DaGw,;d'bfo / kfl/jfl/s ;~hfn Pjd\ g]t[Tj k|0ffnL, k/Dk/fut clwsf/x? cflbOToflbaf/] Psbd} ;r]t /xg'kb{5 . oL tTjx?nfO{ ;'?jftd} x[boªud u/]/ dfq
gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df ul/g'kb{5 .
!#!!#)
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
$_ ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf -Community Participation_Mljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf]nflu hg;xeflutf geO{ x'"b}g .
;d'bfo ;lDdlnt eP/ lqmofsnfkx? th'{df ul/P dfq tL cfjZostfdf
cfwfl/t 5g\ / jf:tljs ;+s6f;Ggtflj?4 pGd'v 5 eGg ;lsG5 . hgtfsf]
;"lrt–;xeflutfn] k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf b]lvg] ;d:of / cj;/nfO{ sd ug{ lgs}
7"nf] 6]jf k'¥ofp“b5 . ;xeflutfd"ns kxnsbdLn] k|sf]klj?4 k':tf}+b]lv k|of]u
x'"b} cfPsf] ;gftg 1fg (indigenous knowledge) nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L
agfp“b5 . :yfgLo cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfk /
lg0f{ox?df ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsof] eg] ljkb\sf] hf]lvd / ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{
;d'bfon] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf x'G5 . hg;xeflutfn] ;+:yfut
k|lqmofx?df, hf]lvd n]vfhf]vf sfo{df / gLlt sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ klg
k|ToIfk/f]If?kdf ;kmntfsf] nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] x'G5 .
% _ Ifdtf ljsf; -Capacity Building_ M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb'df /x]sf] /0fgLlt g} Ifdtf ljsf; xf] .
gful/s, ;+u7g / ;d'bfon] ljkb\sf] hf]lvdnfO{ cfkm}+n] Aoj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]
agfpg Ifdtf ljsf; ckl/xfo{ 5 . Ifdtf ljsf; eGgfn] tflnd / ljlzi6
k|fljlws ;xfotf dfq xf]Og, cfkm\gf] ;d'bfosf] ljkb\ hf]lvd klxrfg ug]{ /
hf]lvd sd ub}{ n}hfg] IfdtfnfO{ cem ;'b[9 t'Nofpg' klg xf] . o; cGtu{t lbuf]
k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f, ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg, ;+oGq ljsf;, Aoj:yfksLo ;Lk,
Aoj;flos ;Da4tfx?, ;|f]t kl/rfng cflb klg kb{5g\ . Ifdtf ljsf;sf
sfo{qmdx? tL ;+:yfx?af6 dfq} lbuf] x'g;S5 h;n] o;}nfO{ cfkm\gf] :yfoL p2]Zo
agfPsf] xf];\ .
v_ e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj
x\\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf ljleGg lgsfox?sf]
pQ/bfloTj aofg u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] k|d'v pQ/bfloTj /fHosf]
x'g] ePtfklg ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLrsf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjosf] dxTjk"0f{
:yfg /xG5 . o;}u/L If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx?sf] of]ubfg klg k|wfg /xG5
. x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ d"t{?k lbg United Nations International Strategy
on Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)sf] e"ldsf lgs} g} dxTjk"0f{ 5 /
UNISDR nfO{ ljz]if pQ/bfloTjx? klg lbOPsf] 5 . ISDR k|0ffnLn]
/fli6«o gLlt tyf ;dGjofTds ;+oGqnfO{ ;xof]u ub{5 . ;fy} If]qLo /
cGt//fli6«o:t/df ;dGjo, ;xhLs/0f / /fd|f k|of;x?sf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{
pTk|]l/t ub{5 . ;fy} sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] k|ultsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{, b:tfj]hx?
tof/ kfg]{ tyf ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf k|of;x?nfO{ k|j4{g / sfof{Gjogsf]
nflu gLltlgdf{tf / lg0f{ostf{x?sf] nflu ;fwgsf] ljsf; ug]{ h:tf sfo{x?
klg o;n] ub{5 .
� /fHosf] e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj– /fli6«o ;dGjo ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] cfwf//]vf lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
– /fli6«o sfo{qmdx?sf] ;f/nfO{ k|sfzg / cBfjlws ul//fVg] .
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf k|fyldstf / p2]Zox? xfl;n eP gePsf] af/]
/fli6«o?kdf k|ult k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
– ;fGble{s cGt//fli6«o sfg"gL dfGotfsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g /0fgLlt;“u hf]8\g] .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfdf o;nfO{ s'g dGqfnosf] pQ/bfloTj cGtu{t /fv]/
sfof{Gjog ug]{ eGg] pNn]v 5}g . t;y{ /fli6«o lxt cg';f/ /fHon] k|of]u ug{
;Sb5 . oBkL ljkbsf] hf]lvd ;a} If]qx?df /xg] x'gfn] x/]s dGqfnon] pko'Qm
;hutf / rf;f] /fVg' h?/L x'G5 . clwsf+z /fi6«x?n] ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f,
cfsl:ds Aoj:yfkg, gful/s ;'/Iffsf nflu 5'§} dGqfno, ;+oGq jf lgsfo
u7g u/]sf 5g\ . t;y{ oxL dGqfno jf ;+oGq jf lgsfonfO{ g} x\of]uf] sfo{
;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjog, k|j4{g / ;xhLs/0fsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg' /fd|f] x'G5 .
!##!#@
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
$_ ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf -Community Participation_Mljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf]nflu hg;xeflutf geO{ x'"b}g .
;d'bfo ;lDdlnt eP/ lqmofsnfkx? th'{df ul/P dfq tL cfjZostfdf
cfwfl/t 5g\ / jf:tljs ;+s6f;Ggtflj?4 pGd'v 5 eGg ;lsG5 . hgtfsf]
;"lrt–;xeflutfn] k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf b]lvg] ;d:of / cj;/nfO{ sd ug{ lgs}
7"nf] 6]jf k'¥ofp“b5 . ;xeflutfd"ns kxnsbdLn] k|sf]klj?4 k':tf}+b]lv k|of]u
x'"b} cfPsf] ;gftg 1fg (indigenous knowledge) nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L
agfp“b5 . :yfgLo cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfk /
lg0f{ox?df ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsof] eg] ljkb\sf] hf]lvd / ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{
;d'bfon] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf x'G5 . hg;xeflutfn] ;+:yfut
k|lqmofx?df, hf]lvd n]vfhf]vf sfo{df / gLlt sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ klg
k|ToIfk/f]If?kdf ;kmntfsf] nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] x'G5 .
% _ Ifdtf ljsf; -Capacity Building_ M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb'df /x]sf] /0fgLlt g} Ifdtf ljsf; xf] .
gful/s, ;+u7g / ;d'bfon] ljkb\sf] hf]lvdnfO{ cfkm}+n] Aoj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]
agfpg Ifdtf ljsf; ckl/xfo{ 5 . Ifdtf ljsf; eGgfn] tflnd / ljlzi6
k|fljlws ;xfotf dfq xf]Og, cfkm\gf] ;d'bfosf] ljkb\ hf]lvd klxrfg ug]{ /
hf]lvd sd ub}{ n}hfg] IfdtfnfO{ cem ;'b[9 t'Nofpg' klg xf] . o; cGtu{t lbuf]
k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f, ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg, ;+oGq ljsf;, Aoj:yfksLo ;Lk,
Aoj;flos ;Da4tfx?, ;|f]t kl/rfng cflb klg kb{5g\ . Ifdtf ljsf;sf
sfo{qmdx? tL ;+:yfx?af6 dfq} lbuf] x'g;S5 h;n] o;}nfO{ cfkm\gf] :yfoL p2]Zo
agfPsf] xf];\ .
v_ e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj
x\\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf ljleGg lgsfox?sf]
pQ/bfloTj aofg u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] k|d'v pQ/bfloTj /fHosf]
x'g] ePtfklg ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLrsf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjosf] dxTjk"0f{
:yfg /xG5 . o;}u/L If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx?sf] of]ubfg klg k|wfg /xG5
. x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ d"t{?k lbg United Nations International Strategy
on Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)sf] e"ldsf lgs} g} dxTjk"0f{ 5 /
UNISDR nfO{ ljz]if pQ/bfloTjx? klg lbOPsf] 5 . ISDR k|0ffnLn]
/fli6«o gLlt tyf ;dGjofTds ;+oGqnfO{ ;xof]u ub{5 . ;fy} If]qLo /
cGt//fli6«o:t/df ;dGjo, ;xhLs/0f / /fd|f k|of;x?sf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{
pTk|]l/t ub{5 . ;fy} sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] k|ultsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{, b:tfj]hx?
tof/ kfg]{ tyf ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf k|of;x?nfO{ k|j4{g / sfof{Gjogsf]
nflu gLltlgdf{tf / lg0f{ostf{x?sf] nflu ;fwgsf] ljsf; ug]{ h:tf sfo{x?
klg o;n] ub{5 .
� /fHosf] e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj– /fli6«o ;dGjo ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] cfwf//]vf lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
– /fli6«o sfo{qmdx?sf] ;f/nfO{ k|sfzg / cBfjlws ul//fVg] .
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf k|fyldstf / p2]Zox? xfl;n eP gePsf] af/]
/fli6«o?kdf k|ult k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
– ;fGble{s cGt//fli6«o sfg"gL dfGotfsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g /0fgLlt;“u hf]8\g] .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfdf o;nfO{ s'g dGqfnosf] pQ/bfloTj cGtu{t /fv]/
sfof{Gjog ug]{ eGg] pNn]v 5}g . t;y{ /fli6«o lxt cg';f/ /fHon] k|of]u ug{
;Sb5 . oBkL ljkbsf] hf]lvd ;a} If]qx?df /xg] x'gfn] x/]s dGqfnon] pko'Qm
;hutf / rf;f] /fVg' h?/L x'G5 . clwsf+z /fi6«x?n] ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f,
cfsl:ds Aoj:yfkg, gful/s ;'/Iffsf nflu 5'§} dGqfno, ;+oGq jf lgsfo
u7g u/]sf 5g\ . t;y{ oxL dGqfno jf ;+oGq jf lgsfonfO{ g} x\of]uf] sfo{
;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjog, k|j4{g / ;xhLs/0fsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg' /fd|f] x'G5 .
!##!#@
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� If]qLo ;+:yfx?sf] e"ldsf/fHon] cfkm\gf] 3/leqsf k|of;x? afx]s ljkb Go"gLs/0faf/] cGt//fli6«o /
If]qLo ;+:yfx?;“u klg ;dGjo j[l4 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t;y{ If]qLo ;+u7gx?n] lgDg
sfo{x? ug{ ;Sb5g\ M
– If]qLo sfo{qmdx? k|j4{g u/]/ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
h:t} k|fljlws ;xof]u .
– If]qLo:t/df cfwf//]vf lgwf{/0f ug]{ / k|ultsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
– If]qLo ;xsfo{ s]Gb|x?sf] ljsf; tyf If]qLo k"j{r]tfjgL Ifdtf ljsf;df
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
� cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx? / ISDR sf] e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTjcGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx? / vf;u/L ISDR n] lgDg pNn]lvt lqmofsnfkx?sf]
dfWodaf6 /fli6«o tyf If]qLo k|of;x?nfO{ ;xof]u / k|f]T;fxg ug'{kb{5 .
– ljkb hf]lvdk"0f{ b]zx?sf sfo{qmdx?df ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflxt
ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
– ljZjAofkL?kdf tYof+s ;+sng / k"jf{g'dfg Pjd\ ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgnfO{
k|j4{g ug]{ .
– /fd|f cEof;x? / lgb]{zsLo ;fdu|Lx? nufotsf ;"rgf >f]tx?sf] ljsf;
ug]{ .
– ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 / cGo ;+u7gx?sf] k|of;x?sf] ;dGjosf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjog ug{] ;DaGwdf ;/sf/nfO{ plrt ;Nnfx
;'emfj / ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ .
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogsf] k|ultaf/] cfjlws k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
u_ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o d~r
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o d~r
;g\ @))^ df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf dfgjLo ;jfn;DaGwL ;xfos dxf;lrjn]
-ISDRsf] cWoIfsf] x}l;otdf_ ISDR k|0ffnLsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ Aojxfl/s
tl/sfx? to ug{ / x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogdf ;/sf/x?nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{
af/]df a[xt\ 5nkmn rnfP . Tof] 5nkmnn] klxrfg u/]sf k|d'v k|:tfjx?dWo]
Ps lyof] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] cGt/f{li6«o d~r v8f ug]{ .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o d+rnfO{ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] k|d'v
d+rsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ b[9tf AoQm ul/Psf] 5 . -;/f]sf/jfnfx? eGgfn]
;/sf/x?, ;+/f;+3sf lgsfox?, cGt/f{li6«o ljlQo ;+:yfx?, If]qLo c+ux?,
gful/s ;dfh, lghL IF]q, j}1flgs / ljåt ;d'bfo cflb ._
of] d+rn] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf /0fg}lts dfu{lgb]{zg lbg] Pjd\
;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr cg'ej / lj1tf ;f6f;f6 ug]{ sfo{x?sf] cGt/f{li6«o?kdf
g]t[Tj k|bfg ul//x]sf] 5 . o; d+rsf k|d'v sfo{x?nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ AofVof
ul/Psf] 5 M
s_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ M
– ljsf; / hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngsf] k|d'v kIfsf] ?kdf ljZjAofkL?kdf
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] dxTjnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] . o;nfO{ ‘;a}sf]
;/f]sf/’sf] ljifosf] ?kdf kl/eflift u/L hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ .
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu gLlt lgdf{tf txsf] k|lta4tf
;'lglZrt ug]{ .
v_ cg'ej ;f6f;f6 ug]{ M
– /fd|f cEof;x?af6 l;Sg] / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu /fi6« /
;d'bfonfO{ dfu{lgb]{zg ug]{ .
!#%!#$
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
� If]qLo ;+:yfx?sf] e"ldsf/fHon] cfkm\gf] 3/leqsf k|of;x? afx]s ljkb Go"gLs/0faf/] cGt//fli6«o /
If]qLo ;+:yfx?;“u klg ;dGjo j[l4 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t;y{ If]qLo ;+u7gx?n] lgDg
sfo{x? ug{ ;Sb5g\ M
– If]qLo sfo{qmdx? k|j4{g u/]/ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
h:t} k|fljlws ;xof]u .
– If]qLo:t/df cfwf//]vf lgwf{/0f ug]{ / k|ultsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
– If]qLo ;xsfo{ s]Gb|x?sf] ljsf; tyf If]qLo k"j{r]tfjgL Ifdtf ljsf;df
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
� cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx? / ISDR sf] e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTjcGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx? / vf;u/L ISDR n] lgDg pNn]lvt lqmofsnfkx?sf]
dfWodaf6 /fli6«o tyf If]qLo k|of;x?nfO{ ;xof]u / k|f]T;fxg ug'{kb{5 .
– ljkb hf]lvdk"0f{ b]zx?sf sfo{qmdx?df ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflxt
ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
– ljZjAofkL?kdf tYof+s ;+sng / k"jf{g'dfg Pjd\ ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgnfO{
k|j4{g ug]{ .
– /fd|f cEof;x? / lgb]{zsLo ;fdu|Lx? nufotsf ;"rgf >f]tx?sf] ljsf;
ug]{ .
– ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 / cGo ;+u7gx?sf] k|of;x?sf] ;dGjosf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjog ug{] ;DaGwdf ;/sf/nfO{ plrt ;Nnfx
;'emfj / ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ .
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogsf] k|ultaf/] cfjlws k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
u_ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o d~r
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o d~r
;g\ @))^ df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf dfgjLo ;jfn;DaGwL ;xfos dxf;lrjn]
-ISDRsf] cWoIfsf] x}l;otdf_ ISDR k|0ffnLsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ Aojxfl/s
tl/sfx? to ug{ / x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogdf ;/sf/x?nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{
af/]df a[xt\ 5nkmn rnfP . Tof] 5nkmnn] klxrfg u/]sf k|d'v k|:tfjx?dWo]
Ps lyof] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] cGt/f{li6«o d~r v8f ug]{ .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o d+rnfO{ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] k|d'v
d+rsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ b[9tf AoQm ul/Psf] 5 . -;/f]sf/jfnfx? eGgfn]
;/sf/x?, ;+/f;+3sf lgsfox?, cGt/f{li6«o ljlQo ;+:yfx?, If]qLo c+ux?,
gful/s ;dfh, lghL IF]q, j}1flgs / ljåt ;d'bfo cflb ._
of] d+rn] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf /0fg}lts dfu{lgb]{zg lbg] Pjd\
;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr cg'ej / lj1tf ;f6f;f6 ug]{ sfo{x?sf] cGt/f{li6«o?kdf
g]t[Tj k|bfg ul//x]sf] 5 . o; d+rsf k|d'v sfo{x?nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ AofVof
ul/Psf] 5 M
s_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ M
– ljsf; / hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngsf] k|d'v kIfsf] ?kdf ljZjAofkL?kdf
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] dxTjnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] . o;nfO{ ‘;a}sf]
;/f]sf/’sf] ljifosf] ?kdf kl/eflift u/L hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ .
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu gLlt lgdf{tf txsf] k|lta4tf
;'lglZrt ug]{ .
v_ cg'ej ;f6f;f6 ug]{ M
– /fd|f cEof;x?af6 l;Sg] / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu /fi6« /
;d'bfonfO{ dfu{lgb]{zg ug]{ .
!#%!#$
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
u_ ISDR k|0ffnLnfO{ lbzflgb]{z ug]{ M
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogdf ePsf k|ultx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ . k|d'v
;d:ofx?, jfwfAojwfgx? / hNbf]aNbf] ;jfnx?sf] klxrfg u/L cfjZos
;Daf]wg ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u / ;+ul7t sfo{nfO{
a9fjf lbg] .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o d+rnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ k"j{:yflkt ;~hfn /
;+oGqx?sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 eg] ljleGg ljifout d+rx? -ljz]iftM k|fljlws
/ j}1flgs ljifo ;DalGwt_ klg v8f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} d+r cGtu{t ‘lj1fg
;ldlt’ klg :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 h;n] k|fljlws / j}1flgs
;jfnx?df cfjZos ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;sf];\ .
;fdfGotof k|To]s b'O{ jif{df Psrf]l6 h]g]efdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o
d+rsf] a}7s x'g] to ul/Psf] 5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o d~rsf]
klxnf] a}7s ;g\ @))& sf] h'g %–& ;Dd :jL6h/Nof08sf] h]g]efdf a;]sf]
lyof] . ;f] a}7sdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] r'gf}tL / cj;/x?, o;nfO{
/fli6«o k|fyldstfdf kfg]{ / If]qut ;jfnx?df ;dflxt ug]{, x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf
sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg] nufotsf ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o d+rsf] bf]>f] Pjd\ kl5Nnf] a}7s ;g\ @))(
sf] h'g !^ b]lv !( ;Dd h]g]efdf g} a:of] . ;f] a}7sdf !$) /fi6«x?, %$ cGt/
b]zLo ;+u7gx?, $# u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf u/L !&*% hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
lyof] . a}7sdf cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s k"0f{;qx?sf] cnfjf kf“rj6f pRr:t/Lo
lj1 a}7s, kf“rj6f uf]nd]r a}7s / $) eGbf a9L ljz]if sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng
ul/Psf lyP . ;f] a}7sn] ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ljkb\sf] sf/0f x'g] d[To'nfO{ cfwf
sd ug{ ljZj ;d'bfonfO{ cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 .
rf/lbg;Ddsf] a[xb\ 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df lgDg tLgj6f ljlzi6 nIox? ;d]t
to ul/Psf 5g\ M
!#&!#^
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
!_ ;g\ @)!) ;Dddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o?kdf
:ki6 cfly{s k|lta4tfx? lgdf{0f ug]{ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu dfgjLo ;xfotf /
k'glg{df{0f ah]6sf] sDtLdf klg !) k|ltzt, ljsf; ah]6sf] sDtLdf klg !
k|ltzt / hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng sf]ifsf] sDtLdf klg #) k|ltzt ah]6
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu 5'§ofpg] .
@_ ;g\ @)!! ;Dddf ljZjAofkL?kdf ;a} ljBfno / c:ktfnx?sf] ;+/rgfTds
d"Nof+sg ug]{ . ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ljkb\ hf]lvd /fi6«x?df ‘;'/lIft ljBfno /
c:ktfn’sf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k sfo{ of]hgf ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ug]{ . ;g\ @)!%
;Dddf ljkb\ hf]lvd /fi6«x?f] ljBfno kf7\oqmddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
;dfj]z ug]{ .
#_ ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ljkb\ hf]lvdo'Qm k|d'v zx/x?sf] lgdf{0f / e"pkof]u
;+lxtfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ / nfu" u/fpg] .
;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3Lo dfgjLo ;jfn pkdxf;lrj hf]g xf]Nd;n] clGtd ;qsf]
cWoIftf ub}{ ;dfkg dGtAodf lgDg IF]qx?nfO{ dxTjk"0f{?kdf x]g]{ hf]8 lbg'ePsf]
lyof] .
– hnjfo' kl/jt{g M ;g\ @))( l8;]Da/df sf]kgx]ugdf x'g] ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3Lo
hnjfo' ;Dd]ngdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;xdltsf] 7f]; lx:;fsf] ?kdf ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /xg'kb{5 .
– hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f M /fli6«o÷:yfgLo ;/sf/sf] gful/s ;dfh;“usf]
;xsfo{ / lge{/tfn] g} hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng
;kmntfnfO{ lgwf{/0f ul/g'kb{5 .
– ljlQo nufgL M ljljw pTk|]/s sfo{x?df hf]8 lbOg'kb{5 . h:t} M k|anLs/0f
(retrofitting) df k|f]T;fxg, hf]lvd x:tfGt/0f ljlw, hf]lvd–;+j]bgzLn
ljsf;, lghL If]qsf] nufgL cflb .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f nIo lgwf{/0f M ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ljkb\sf
sf/0fn] x'g] d[To'df cfwf sdL NofOg'kb{5 .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
u_ ISDR k|0ffnLnfO{ lbzflgb]{z ug]{ M
– x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogdf ePsf k|ultx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ . k|d'v
;d:ofx?, jfwfAojwfgx? / hNbf]aNbf] ;jfnx?sf] klxrfg u/L cfjZos
;Daf]wg ug]{ .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u / ;+ul7t sfo{nfO{
a9fjf lbg] .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o d+rnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ k"j{:yflkt ;~hfn /
;+oGqx?sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 eg] ljleGg ljifout d+rx? -ljz]iftM k|fljlws
/ j}1flgs ljifo ;DalGwt_ klg v8f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} d+r cGtu{t ‘lj1fg
;ldlt’ klg :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 h;n] k|fljlws / j}1flgs
;jfnx?df cfjZos ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;sf];\ .
;fdfGotof k|To]s b'O{ jif{df Psrf]l6 h]g]efdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o
d+rsf] a}7s x'g] to ul/Psf] 5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o d~rsf]
klxnf] a}7s ;g\ @))& sf] h'g %–& ;Dd :jL6h/Nof08sf] h]g]efdf a;]sf]
lyof] . ;f] a}7sdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] r'gf}tL / cj;/x?, o;nfO{
/fli6«o k|fyldstfdf kfg]{ / If]qut ;jfnx?df ;dflxt ug]{, x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf
sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg] nufotsf ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cGt/f{li6«o d+rsf] bf]>f] Pjd\ kl5Nnf] a}7s ;g\ @))(
sf] h'g !^ b]lv !( ;Dd h]g]efdf g} a:of] . ;f] a}7sdf !$) /fi6«x?, %$ cGt/
b]zLo ;+u7gx?, $# u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf u/L !&*% hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
lyof] . a}7sdf cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s k"0f{;qx?sf] cnfjf kf“rj6f pRr:t/Lo
lj1 a}7s, kf“rj6f uf]nd]r a}7s / $) eGbf a9L ljz]if sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng
ul/Psf lyP . ;f] a}7sn] ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ljkb\sf] sf/0f x'g] d[To'nfO{ cfwf
sd ug{ ljZj ;d'bfonfO{ cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 .
rf/lbg;Ddsf] a[xb\ 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df lgDg tLgj6f ljlzi6 nIox? ;d]t
to ul/Psf 5g\ M
!#&!#^
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
!_ ;g\ @)!) ;Dddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o?kdf
:ki6 cfly{s k|lta4tfx? lgdf{0f ug]{ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu dfgjLo ;xfotf /
k'glg{df{0f ah]6sf] sDtLdf klg !) k|ltzt, ljsf; ah]6sf] sDtLdf klg !
k|ltzt / hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng sf]ifsf] sDtLdf klg #) k|ltzt ah]6
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu 5'§ofpg] .
@_ ;g\ @)!! ;Dddf ljZjAofkL?kdf ;a} ljBfno / c:ktfnx?sf] ;+/rgfTds
d"Nof+sg ug]{ . ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ljkb\ hf]lvd /fi6«x?df ‘;'/lIft ljBfno /
c:ktfn’sf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k sfo{ of]hgf ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ug]{ . ;g\ @)!%
;Dddf ljkb\ hf]lvd /fi6«x?f] ljBfno kf7\oqmddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
;dfj]z ug]{ .
#_ ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ljkb\ hf]lvdo'Qm k|d'v zx/x?sf] lgdf{0f / e"pkof]u
;+lxtfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ / nfu" u/fpg] .
;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3Lo dfgjLo ;jfn pkdxf;lrj hf]g xf]Nd;n] clGtd ;qsf]
cWoIftf ub}{ ;dfkg dGtAodf lgDg IF]qx?nfO{ dxTjk"0f{?kdf x]g]{ hf]8 lbg'ePsf]
lyof] .
– hnjfo' kl/jt{g M ;g\ @))( l8;]Da/df sf]kgx]ugdf x'g] ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3Lo
hnjfo' ;Dd]ngdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;xdltsf] 7f]; lx:;fsf] ?kdf ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /xg'kb{5 .
– hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f M /fli6«o÷:yfgLo ;/sf/sf] gful/s ;dfh;“usf]
;xsfo{ / lge{/tfn] g} hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng
;kmntfnfO{ lgwf{/0f ul/g'kb{5 .
– ljlQo nufgL M ljljw pTk|]/s sfo{x?df hf]8 lbOg'kb{5 . h:t} M k|anLs/0f
(retrofitting) df k|f]T;fxg, hf]lvd x:tfGt/0f ljlw, hf]lvd–;+j]bgzLn
ljsf;, lghL If]qsf] nufgL cflb .
– ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f nIo lgwf{/0f M ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ljkb\sf
sf/0fn] x'g] d[To'df cfwf sdL NofOg'kb{5 .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn!#(!#*
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
a}7ssf ;xefuLx?n] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] dWofjlw k'g/fjnf]sg a}7sdf
o;sf] sfof{Gjog k|ultsf] /0fg}lts / cfwf/e"t tTjx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ hf]8
lbPsf lyP .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o sfo{d~r
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf @))%–@)!%nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|lta4tfnfO{
Jojxf/df ptf/L /fi6«nfO{ ;d'lrt 9+uaf6 ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] / ;d'bfonfO{ ;an
u/fpg] ;Gbe{df Ps?ktf sfod u/fpg ;lsPdf nlIft p2]Zo k|flKtdf ;xhtf
cfpg] ;f]r /fv]/ h'g %–&, @))& df h]g]efdf ;DkGg ljZj sfo{d~rsf]
;Dd]ngn] /fli6«o d~rsf] vfsf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lyof] .
pQm lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf ljkb\hGo d'n'sx?af6 k|ltlglwTj u/]sf pRrtxsf
gLlt lg0ff{osx?sf] ;fy} ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{df cfj4 u}/;/sf/L
;+:yf, lzIf0f ;+:yfx? Pj+ lghL If]qsf ljlzi6 JolQmTjx?sf] ;xdltn] /fli6«o
d+rsf] :yfkgfnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . ;f] cg';f/ /fli6«o lgb]{zg P]g @)!* sf]
clwgdf /xL @)^% sflQs !@ ut] g]kfndf klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
/fli6«o sfo{d~r btf{ ul/of] . @)^^ h]7 !( ut] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
/fli6«o sfo{d~rsf] klxnf] a}7s a;]sf] 5 . o; d~rn] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf]
dfWodaf6 ul/g] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf cu|0fL / g]t[TjbfoL
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ ljwfg k|:tfjgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6«o sfo{d~r
u7gsf nflu @)^$ df u[x dGqfnon] agfPsf] ;'emfj ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgnfO{
cfwf/ dflgPsf] lyof] .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o sfo{d~rsf] p2]Zox? lgDg /x]sf 5g\ M
s_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o sfo{d+r /fli6«o:t/df k|ltlglwTj ug]{
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] o:tf] d+r x'g]5, h;n] ljleGg txx?df x'g] ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{x?sf] ax;, k}/jL, ;dGjo / ljZn]if0f nufot k|fyldstfsf
If]qx?sf] ;Gbe{df ;'emfj lbg] Pjd\ ;dGjofTds Pj+ ;xeflutfd"ns gLlt,
of]hgf / sfo{qmdx?nfO{ d"nwf/df NofO{ cufl8 a9\g]5 .
v_ b]zleq ul/g] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;d:t sfo{x?nfO{ d"nk|jfxdf
;dflxt u/]/ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Pp6} ynf]df hDdf u/L Jojl:yt?kdf
5nkmn u/L ;femf cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; Pj+ /fli6«o ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f
agfpg]tkm{ ;zQm?kdf k|of; ug]{5 .
u_ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ hl6n ePsf]n] oL ;DaGwdf /fhg}lts
k|lta4tf, hg;/f]sf/, ;Lk Pj+ j}1flgs 1fg, cfd hgtfsf] lxt cg's"nsf]
k"j{r]tfjgL k4lt / ljkb\;+u ;DalGwt cGo dxTjk"0f{ ljifox?df ;/f]sf/
/fVg]x?aLr e/kbf]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{5 .
3_ /fli6«o ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf kyk|bz{g
Pj+ ;'wf/fTds sfo{x? ug]{5 .
ª_ gful/s ;dfh, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf Pj+ lghL If]qsf ;Da4 ;+:yfx?nfO{
;d]t ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{x?df k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;+nUg u/fO{ pko'Qm:t/df
;+jfb, 5nkmn nufotsf] sfo{x? ;+rfng ug{]5 / cGonfO{ o:tf] sfo{ ;+rfng
ug{df d2t k'¥ofpg]5 .
r_ ldq/fi6« Pj+ cGo cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox?sf ;fy} /fli6«o kbflwsf/Lx?;+usf]
;+jfb / ;fem]bf/Ldf ;xhtf Nofpg]5 .
5_ 1fg / ;"rgfsf] ;fem]bf/L Pj+ k|ljlw :yfgfGt/0fdf clej[l4 Nofpg] sfo{
;dfof]hg ug]{5 .
h_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ;fem]bf/x?sf] cGt/;DaGwaf6 /fli6«o, If]qLo
/ ljZjsf ;Da4 lgsfox?sf] ;DaGwdf lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg]5 .
em_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu vf“rf] kg]{
Jojl:yt ;xof]usf nflu ;Da4 ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;an ;+oGqsf]
:yfkgf ug]{5 / ;du|df ljkb\af6 kg{;Sg] k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ Go"g ub}{ n}hfg
/fi6«nfO{ ;zQm t'NofO{ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] dfgjLo tyf ef}lts ;'/Iffsf]
k|Tofe"lt ;'lglZrt t'Nofpg] ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{5 .
`_ /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] dfWodaf6 ul/g] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf
cu|0fL / g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{5 .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn!#(!#*
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
a}7ssf ;xefuLx?n] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] dWofjlw k'g/fjnf]sg a}7sdf
o;sf] sfof{Gjog k|ultsf] /0fg}lts / cfwf/e"t tTjx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ hf]8
lbPsf lyP .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o sfo{d~r
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf @))%–@)!%nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|lta4tfnfO{
Jojxf/df ptf/L /fi6«nfO{ ;d'lrt 9+uaf6 ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] / ;d'bfonfO{ ;an
u/fpg] ;Gbe{df Ps?ktf sfod u/fpg ;lsPdf nlIft p2]Zo k|flKtdf ;xhtf
cfpg] ;f]r /fv]/ h'g %–&, @))& df h]g]efdf ;DkGg ljZj sfo{d~rsf]
;Dd]ngn] /fli6«o d~rsf] vfsf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lyof] .
pQm lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf ljkb\hGo d'n'sx?af6 k|ltlglwTj u/]sf pRrtxsf
gLlt lg0ff{osx?sf] ;fy} ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{df cfj4 u}/;/sf/L
;+:yf, lzIf0f ;+:yfx? Pj+ lghL If]qsf ljlzi6 JolQmTjx?sf] ;xdltn] /fli6«o
d+rsf] :yfkgfnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . ;f] cg';f/ /fli6«o lgb]{zg P]g @)!* sf]
clwgdf /xL @)^% sflQs !@ ut] g]kfndf klg ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
/fli6«o sfo{d~r btf{ ul/of] . @)^^ h]7 !( ut] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
/fli6«o sfo{d~rsf] klxnf] a}7s a;]sf] 5 . o; d~rn] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf]
dfWodaf6 ul/g] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf cu|0fL / g]t[TjbfoL
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ ljwfg k|:tfjgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6«o sfo{d~r
u7gsf nflu @)^$ df u[x dGqfnon] agfPsf] ;'emfj ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgnfO{
cfwf/ dflgPsf] lyof] .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o sfo{d~rsf] p2]Zox? lgDg /x]sf 5g\ M
s_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o sfo{d+r /fli6«o:t/df k|ltlglwTj ug]{
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] o:tf] d+r x'g]5, h;n] ljleGg txx?df x'g] ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{x?sf] ax;, k}/jL, ;dGjo / ljZn]if0f nufot k|fyldstfsf
If]qx?sf] ;Gbe{df ;'emfj lbg] Pjd\ ;dGjofTds Pj+ ;xeflutfd"ns gLlt,
of]hgf / sfo{qmdx?nfO{ d"nwf/df NofO{ cufl8 a9\g]5 .
v_ b]zleq ul/g] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;d:t sfo{x?nfO{ d"nk|jfxdf
;dflxt u/]/ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Pp6} ynf]df hDdf u/L Jojl:yt?kdf
5nkmn u/L ;femf cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; Pj+ /fli6«o ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f
agfpg]tkm{ ;zQm?kdf k|of; ug]{5 .
u_ ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ hl6n ePsf]n] oL ;DaGwdf /fhg}lts
k|lta4tf, hg;/f]sf/, ;Lk Pj+ j}1flgs 1fg, cfd hgtfsf] lxt cg's"nsf]
k"j{r]tfjgL k4lt / ljkb\;+u ;DalGwt cGo dxTjk"0f{ ljifox?df ;/f]sf/
/fVg]x?aLr e/kbf]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{5 .
3_ /fli6«o ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf kyk|bz{g
Pj+ ;'wf/fTds sfo{x? ug]{5 .
ª_ gful/s ;dfh, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf Pj+ lghL If]qsf ;Da4 ;+:yfx?nfO{
;d]t ljkb\ Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{x?df k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;+nUg u/fO{ pko'Qm:t/df
;+jfb, 5nkmn nufotsf] sfo{x? ;+rfng ug{]5 / cGonfO{ o:tf] sfo{ ;+rfng
ug{df d2t k'¥ofpg]5 .
r_ ldq/fi6« Pj+ cGo cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox?sf ;fy} /fli6«o kbflwsf/Lx?;+usf]
;+jfb / ;fem]bf/Ldf ;xhtf Nofpg]5 .
5_ 1fg / ;"rgfsf] ;fem]bf/L Pj+ k|ljlw :yfgfGt/0fdf clej[l4 Nofpg] sfo{
;dfof]hg ug]{5 .
h_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ;fem]bf/x?sf] cGt/;DaGwaf6 /fli6«o, If]qLo
/ ljZjsf ;Da4 lgsfox?sf] ;DaGwdf lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg]5 .
em_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu vf“rf] kg]{
Jojl:yt ;xof]usf nflu ;Da4 ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;an ;+oGqsf]
:yfkgf ug]{5 / ;du|df ljkb\af6 kg{;Sg] k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ Go"g ub}{ n}hfg
/fi6«nfO{ ;zQm t'NofO{ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] dfgjLo tyf ef}lts ;'/Iffsf]
k|Tofe"lt ;'lglZrt t'Nofpg] ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{5 .
`_ /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] dfWodaf6 ul/g] x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf
cu|0fL / g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{5 .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx? cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
!$) !$!
6_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfo{df ;3fp k'¥ofO{ ;'/Iff / ;jnLs/0fsf] ;fj{hlgs
bfloTjaf/] gful/sx?aLr r]tgf j[l4 ug]{5 .
7_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ljifonfO{ ljsf; ;DaGwL gLlt, sfo{gLlt tyf
lqmofsnfkdf ;dflxt u/fpg jsfnt / k}/jL ug'{sf ;fy} o; ljifonfO{ ax'kIfLo
jftfj/0fLo ;Demf}tfsf] cleGg kIfsf ?kdf ;dfj]z u/fpg]5 .
8_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL /fli6«o:t/df ;+of]hg ul/g] ;Da4 ;a} sfo{df
;xeflutf hgfpg]5 .
pk/f]Qm p2]Zox? k|fKt ug{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o sfo{d~rn]
lgDg sfo{x? ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 M
s_ ;+:yfn] k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g adf]lhd ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 cg'dlt jf O{hfht
k|fKt ul/ dfq cfkm\gf p2]Zox? sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
v_ ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ jf ef8fdf jf lnhdf lng]5 /
sDKo'6/, 6]lnkmf]g, 6fO{k/fO6/, km\ofS; h:tf sfof{no ;fdfg tyf ;jf/L ;fwg
vl/b ug]{ jf ef8fdf lnO{ k|of]u ug]{ .
u_ ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/L lgo'Qm ug]{ tyf ltgsf] ;]jfsf ;t+{x? lgwf{/0f
ug]{ .
3_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL gLlt, sfg"g tyf sfo{k|0ffnLsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu
pRr gLlt lgdf{0f tx / ;Da4 kIfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf xfl;n ug{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf
;Djfb, jsfnt / k}/jLsf] cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ .
ª_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu cfwf/e"t ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
r_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt, /0fgLlt / ljsf; sfo{qmdx? th'{df ug{
tyf >f]t kl/rfng / Ifdtf ljsf;sf k|of;df ;xeflutf Pj+ ;xof]u ug]{ .
5_ ljkb\ hf]lvd ;DaGwL ;/f]sf/ / r'g}ftLsf] d"Nof+sg ljZn]if0f ug]{, ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf k|fyldstfsf If]qx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug'{sf ;fy} ;+s6fled'v
l:yltdf /x]sf dfgj–j:tL ;d]tsf] klxrfg ug{ ;3fpg] .
h_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;+rflnt ljsf; of]hgf / sfo{k|0ffnLsf]
;dLIff u/L ;sf/fTds pknAwLnfO{ ;+:yfut ?kdf lg/Gt/tf lbg PsLs[t k|oTg
ug]{ .
em_ ljkb\u|:t Pj+ cToGt hf]lvdo'Qm If]qsf hgtfsf] hf]lvd Go"g u/fpg
/fli6«o d+rsf] ;b:ox? aLr ;xsfl/tf / ;fem]bf/L k|a4{g ug]{ .
`_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / pknAwL ;DaGwL lzIffk|b kf7 / cg';/0fLo
sfo{sf] k|n]v tof/ ug]{ / cfk;df cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ . o; cGt/ut d'n'ssf]
lzIff k|0ffnL / ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 k|jfx ul/g] 1fg / ;"rgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf]
ljifonfO{ Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] sfo{;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{ ljz]if k|oTg ug]{ .
6_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cflh{t 1fg, ;Lk / ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ /
tt\;DaGwL k|ljwL x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;xh ug]{ .
7_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ /fli6«o:t/df ;dGjofTds sfof{Gjogsf nflu
sfo{d"ns of]hgf;lxt kl/0ffdd'vL sfo{tflnsf agfO{ ;f] sf] sfof{Gjog
u/fpg] . o; cGt/ut s]Gb|Lo tyf ;d'bfo:t/af6 ePsf sfo{x?sf] cg'udg
u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ / ;fj{hlgs u/L cg'kf]if0f k|fKt ug]{ . k|fKt cg'kf]if0f
tyf ;'emfjnfO{ ;'wf/fTds sfo{sf] cfwf/sf ?kdf cfTd;ft ug]{ .
8_ /fHosf] lbuf] ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{;"rL / k|fyldstfdf ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf]
ljifonfO pko'Qm p2]Zok/s ;xeflutfsf nflu k|]/0ffbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .
o; cGt/ut vf;u/L ul/aL lgjf/0f /0fgLlt, ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIo, ;+o'Qm
/fi6«;+3Lo ;xof]u ;+/rgf, låkIfLo tyf ax'kIfLo ljsf; ;+emf}tf .
9_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ljifonfO{ ;a} k|sf/sf dfgjLo ;xfotf ;DaGwL
sfo{nufot ljsf; cjwf/0ff, of]hgf / sfo{qmddf PsLs[t ug]{ . To;}u/L
hnjfo' kl/jt{g, h}ljs ljljwtf / d?e"lds/0f h:tf dxTjk"0f{ k|fs[lts
jftfj/0f;DaGwL ax'kIfLo ;lGw ;Demf}tfdf ;d]t o; ljifonfO{ k|fylds
;/f]sf/sf ?kdf :yflkt ug{ k|oTgzLn /xg] .
0f_ /fli6«o:t/df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;+u ;DalGwt lbuf] ljsf;, jftfj/0f
/ hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;Dks{ PsfO{, k|fljlws ;ldlt, k|fl1s tyf cg';Gwfg
;+:yf h:tf kIf;+u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ;+j[l4 ug]{ .
t_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] sfo{nfO{ ax'kIfLo ;/f]sf/sf ?kdf :yflkt
u/L gful/s ;dfh / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf lghL If]q Pj+ ;fd'bflos ;d"xaLr
;xsfo{ / ;Djfbsf] dfWodaf6 cj;/ ;[hgf ug]{, pgLx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4
u/L a9L of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] t'Nofpg], ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo
k|0ffnL nufot cGo cGt/fli6«o ljsf; ;d'bfo;“u;d]t ;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/Ldf
sfo{ ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofpg cfjZos k|of; ug]{ .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx? cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
!$) !$!
6_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfo{df ;3fp k'¥ofO{ ;'/Iff / ;jnLs/0fsf] ;fj{hlgs
bfloTjaf/] gful/sx?aLr r]tgf j[l4 ug]{5 .
7_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ljifonfO{ ljsf; ;DaGwL gLlt, sfo{gLlt tyf
lqmofsnfkdf ;dflxt u/fpg jsfnt / k}/jL ug'{sf ;fy} o; ljifonfO{ ax'kIfLo
jftfj/0fLo ;Demf}tfsf] cleGg kIfsf ?kdf ;dfj]z u/fpg]5 .
8_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL /fli6«o:t/df ;+of]hg ul/g] ;Da4 ;a} sfo{df
;xeflutf hgfpg]5 .
pk/f]Qm p2]Zox? k|fKt ug{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o sfo{d~rn]
lgDg sfo{x? ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 M
s_ ;+:yfn] k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g adf]lhd ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 cg'dlt jf O{hfht
k|fKt ul/ dfq cfkm\gf p2]Zox? sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
v_ ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ jf ef8fdf jf lnhdf lng]5 /
sDKo'6/, 6]lnkmf]g, 6fO{k/fO6/, km\ofS; h:tf sfof{no ;fdfg tyf ;jf/L ;fwg
vl/b ug]{ jf ef8fdf lnO{ k|of]u ug]{ .
u_ ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/L lgo'Qm ug]{ tyf ltgsf] ;]jfsf ;t+{x? lgwf{/0f
ug]{ .
3_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL gLlt, sfg"g tyf sfo{k|0ffnLsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu
pRr gLlt lgdf{0f tx / ;Da4 kIfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf xfl;n ug{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf
;Djfb, jsfnt / k}/jLsf] cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ .
ª_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu cfwf/e"t ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
r_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt, /0fgLlt / ljsf; sfo{qmdx? th'{df ug{
tyf >f]t kl/rfng / Ifdtf ljsf;sf k|of;df ;xeflutf Pj+ ;xof]u ug]{ .
5_ ljkb\ hf]lvd ;DaGwL ;/f]sf/ / r'g}ftLsf] d"Nof+sg ljZn]if0f ug]{, ljkb\
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf k|fyldstfsf If]qx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug'{sf ;fy} ;+s6fled'v
l:yltdf /x]sf dfgj–j:tL ;d]tsf] klxrfg ug{ ;3fpg] .
h_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;+rflnt ljsf; of]hgf / sfo{k|0ffnLsf]
;dLIff u/L ;sf/fTds pknAwLnfO{ ;+:yfut ?kdf lg/Gt/tf lbg PsLs[t k|oTg
ug]{ .
em_ ljkb\u|:t Pj+ cToGt hf]lvdo'Qm If]qsf hgtfsf] hf]lvd Go"g u/fpg
/fli6«o d+rsf] ;b:ox? aLr ;xsfl/tf / ;fem]bf/L k|a4{g ug]{ .
`_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / pknAwL ;DaGwL lzIffk|b kf7 / cg';/0fLo
sfo{sf] k|n]v tof/ ug]{ / cfk;df cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ . o; cGt/ut d'n'ssf]
lzIff k|0ffnL / ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 k|jfx ul/g] 1fg / ;"rgfdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf]
ljifonfO{ Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] sfo{;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{ ljz]if k|oTg ug]{ .
6_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cflh{t 1fg, ;Lk / ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ /
tt\;DaGwL k|ljwL x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;xh ug]{ .
7_ x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ /fli6«o:t/df ;dGjofTds sfof{Gjogsf nflu
sfo{d"ns of]hgf;lxt kl/0ffdd'vL sfo{tflnsf agfO{ ;f] sf] sfof{Gjog
u/fpg] . o; cGt/ut s]Gb|Lo tyf ;d'bfo:t/af6 ePsf sfo{x?sf] cg'udg
u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ / ;fj{hlgs u/L cg'kf]if0f k|fKt ug]{ . k|fKt cg'kf]if0f
tyf ;'emfjnfO{ ;'wf/fTds sfo{sf] cfwf/sf ?kdf cfTd;ft ug]{ .
8_ /fHosf] lbuf] ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{;"rL / k|fyldstfdf ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf]
ljifonfO pko'Qm p2]Zok/s ;xeflutfsf nflu k|]/0ffbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .
o; cGt/ut vf;u/L ul/aL lgjf/0f /0fgLlt, ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIo, ;+o'Qm
/fi6«;+3Lo ;xof]u ;+/rgf, låkIfLo tyf ax'kIfLo ljsf; ;+emf}tf .
9_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ljifonfO{ ;a} k|sf/sf dfgjLo ;xfotf ;DaGwL
sfo{nufot ljsf; cjwf/0ff, of]hgf / sfo{qmddf PsLs[t ug]{ . To;}u/L
hnjfo' kl/jt{g, h}ljs ljljwtf / d?e"lds/0f h:tf dxTjk"0f{ k|fs[lts
jftfj/0f;DaGwL ax'kIfLo ;lGw ;Demf}tfdf ;d]t o; ljifonfO{ k|fylds
;/f]sf/sf ?kdf :yflkt ug{ k|oTgzLn /xg] .
0f_ /fli6«o:t/df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;+u ;DalGwt lbuf] ljsf;, jftfj/0f
/ hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;Dks{ PsfO{, k|fljlws ;ldlt, k|fl1s tyf cg';Gwfg
;+:yf h:tf kIf;+u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ;+j[l4 ug]{ .
t_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] sfo{nfO{ ax'kIfLo ;/f]sf/sf ?kdf :yflkt
u/L gful/s ;dfh / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf lghL If]q Pj+ ;fd'bflos ;d"xaLr
;xsfo{ / ;Djfbsf] dfWodaf6 cj;/ ;[hgf ug]{, pgLx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4
u/L a9L of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] t'Nofpg], ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo
k|0ffnL nufot cGo cGt/fli6«o ljsf; ;d'bfo;“u;d]t ;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/Ldf
sfo{ ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofpg cfjZos k|of; ug]{ .
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
y_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ax'cfoflds /fli6«o cg';Gwfg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;sf
nflu k|oTg ug]{ . o; cGt/ut pkof]uL j}1flgs cjwf/0ff, ljlwut ;+/rgf
/ sfo{d"ns b[li6sf]0fsf nflu k|f]T;fxg / ;xh sfo{ ug]{ .
b_ ljleGg d'n's ;lDdlnt If]qLo tyf cGt//fli6«o:t/df :yflkt d~r
(Regional and Global Platforms) ;+u ;dGjo / ;Dks{ u/L ;xsfo{sf
;+efjgf klxrfg ug]{ / ;fd"lxs k|of;df ;lqmo ;xeflutf ug]{ .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o sfo{d+rsf] tby{ ;ldlt
cWoIfM 8f= uf]ljGbk|;fb s';'d -;lrj, u[x dGqfno_
pkfWoIfM ab|L vgfn -l8lkg]6 g]kfn_
;lrjM z+s/k|;fb sf]O/fnf -;x;lrj, u[x dGqfno_
sf]iffWoIfM cfdf]bdl0f bLlIft -e"sDk k|ljlw ;dfh g]kfn_
;b:oM ;'/]zk|sfz cfrfo{ -;x;lrj, ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno_
M ly/axfb'/ hL=;L= -pk;lrj, u[x dGqfno, k|sf]k Aoj:yfkg zfvf_
M pQd ?kfv]tL -g]kfnL ;]gf_
M cf]dz+s/ d'NdL -o"Pg8LkL_
M bLk]Gb|k'?if 9sfn -g]kfn ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg s]Gb|_
M 8f= hLj/fh kf]v/]n -OlGhlgol/· cWoog ;+:yfg, lqljlj_
M ljb'/ d}gfnL -g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3_
M lji0f'k|;fb v/]n -cS;kmfd g]kfn_
M Zofd;'Gb/ 1jfnL -PS;g P8 g]kfn_
M s[i0fs'df/ s];L -g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L_
M /fdrGb| Gof}kfg] -Osf] g]kfn÷kof{j/0f dfl;s_
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!$@
cWofo $ M x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx?
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
NSET. (2008) : “National Strategy for Disaster Risk ReductionManagement in Nepal”. Kathmandu.
United Nations (UN). (2005) : Report on “The World Conference onDisaster Reduction”. Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
UN / ISDR. (2008) : “ Terminology : Basic Terms of Disaster RiskReduction”. www.unisdr.org/terminology
UN / ISDR. (2007) : “Words Into Action : A Guide for Implementingthe Hyogo Framework”. Geneva.
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!%!
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ACRONYMS
ADRC : Asian Disaster Reduction CenterCRED : Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of
DisastersCSSR : Collapsed Structure Search and RescueDMIS : Disaster Management Information SystemDPNET : Disaster Preparedness Network NepalEIA : Environmental Impact AssessmentGNDR : Global Network of Civil Society Organisations
for Disaster ReductionGIS : Geographic Information SystemsGSDMA : Gujarat State Disaster Management AuthorityHOPE : Hospital Preparedness for EmergenciesICIMOD : International Centre for Integrated Mountain
DevelopmentIDNDR : International Decade for Natural Disaster
ReductionISDR : International Strategy for Disaster ReductionMFR : Medical First ResponseNAPA : National Adaptation Programmes of ActionNDMA : National Disaster Management AuthorityNSET : National Society for Earthquake Technology-
NepalOCHA : Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian
AffairsPEER : Program for Enhancement of Emergency
ResponsePRSP : Poverty Reduction Strategy PapersPVA : Participatory Vulnerability AssessmentSESP : Schools Earthquake Safety ProgramsUNDAC : United Nations Disaster Assessment and
Co-ordination
!$$
UNDAF : United Nations Development AssistanceFramework
UNDP : United Nations Development ProgrammeUNeDRA : University Network for Disaster Risk ReductionVCA : Vulnerability Capacity AssessmentWWF : World Wildlife Fund
!$#
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ACRONYMS
ADRC : Asian Disaster Reduction CenterCRED : Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of
DisastersCSSR : Collapsed Structure Search and RescueDMIS : Disaster Management Information SystemDPNET : Disaster Preparedness Network NepalEIA : Environmental Impact AssessmentGNDR : Global Network of Civil Society Organisations
for Disaster ReductionGIS : Geographic Information SystemsGSDMA : Gujarat State Disaster Management AuthorityHOPE : Hospital Preparedness for EmergenciesICIMOD : International Centre for Integrated Mountain
DevelopmentIDNDR : International Decade for Natural Disaster
ReductionISDR : International Strategy for Disaster ReductionMFR : Medical First ResponseNAPA : National Adaptation Programmes of ActionNDMA : National Disaster Management AuthorityNSET : National Society for Earthquake Technology-
NepalOCHA : Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian
AffairsPEER : Program for Enhancement of Emergency
ResponsePRSP : Poverty Reduction Strategy PapersPVA : Participatory Vulnerability AssessmentSESP : Schools Earthquake Safety ProgramsUNDAC : United Nations Disaster Assessment and
Co-ordination
!$$
UNDAF : United Nations Development AssistanceFramework
UNDP : United Nations Development ProgrammeUNeDRA : University Network for Disaster Risk ReductionVCA : Vulnerability Capacity AssessmentWWF : World Wildlife Fund
!$#
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
Terminology -kl/eflifs zAbx?_ M
ljkb\ (Disaster) M ;dfh jf ;d'bfosf] ;+rfngdf cfOkg]{ Ps uDeL/
cj/f]w h;n] dfgjLo, ef}lts, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo?kdf Iflt k'¥ofp“b5 .
k|sf]kx?sf] ;+of]hg, ;+s6f;Gg cj:yf / ;DefAo hf]lvdsf gsf/fTds c;/nfO{
sd ug]{ Ifdtfsf] cefjn] ljkb\nfO{ lgDTofp“b5 .
k"j{tof/L (Preparedness) M ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg / o;;“u ;DalGwt
:j:y hf]lvd ljZn]if0fdf cfwfl/t ljkb\k"j{ ul/g] lqmofsnfkx? g} k"j{tof/L xf] .
o; cGtu{t k"j{tof/L /0fgLlt, gLlt, ;+:yfut ;+/rgf, k"j{r]tfjgL, k"jf{g'dfg
Ifdtfsf] ljsf;÷;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ Pjd\ ;+s6f;Gg ;d'bfosf] hLpwgsf] /Iffsf]
nflu k|sf]k cufl8 g} sfo{ ug]{ of]hgfx? kb{5g\ .
/fxt÷k|ltsfo { (Relief / Response) M ljkb\sf] a]nf jf ljkb\ nuQ}
k|efljt ;d'bfo tyf gful/sx?sf] hLjg;'/Iff tyf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"lt{
ug{sf nflu ul/g] ;xfotf jf k|aGw . of] tTsfnsf], 5f]6f] cjlwsf] / nfdf]
cjlwsf] klg x'g;S5 .
pTyfgzLntf (Resilience) M k|sf]ksf] c;/nfO{ sfo{;+rfng jf ;+/rgfsf]
:jLsfo{ tx;Dd k'Ug jf sfod /fVg;Sg] ;+s6f;Gg ;d'bfo, ;dfh jf k|0ffnLsf]
k|lt/f]wfTds / cg's"ng Ifdtf . ljutsf cg'ej / l;sfOx?af6 kf7 l;Sb}
cfkm"nfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ / Ifdtf a9fpg] ;Ifdtf ;fdflhs k|0ffnLx?df slQsf]
5 eGg] s'/faf6 g} ;d'bfosf] pTyfgzLntfsf] tx lgSof}{n ug{ ;lsG5 .
Ifdtf ljsf; (Capacity Building) M dfgjLo Ifdtf / ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/sf]
ljsf; u/L hf]lvdsf] tx Go"gLs/0f ug{tkm{ pGd'v k|of;x? . o;n] ;dfhsf]
x/]s tx / If]qdf ;+:yfut, ljlQo, /fhg}lts / c? ;|f]tx?sf] ljsf;nfO{ klg
;d]6]sf] x'G5 .
k'gnf{e (Recovery) M ljkb\kl5sf] sl7g cj:yfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ jf ljkb\cl3sf]
cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg] sfo{ / lg0f{ox? . k'gnf{eleq k'gM:yfkgf / k'gM;+/rgf kb{5 .
;+s6f;Ggtf (Vulnerability) M ef}lts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s / jftfj/0fLo
sf/0f jf k|lqmofdf l;lh{t x'g] cj:yf h;n] ;d'bfodf k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd j[l4 ub{5 .
hf]lvd (Risk) M dfgj jf k|s[lthGo k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Gg cj:yfsf] cGtlqm{ofåf/f
x'g;Sg] 3fts kl/0ffd / Ifltsf] ;DefAotf . h:t} M d[To' , 3fOt], ;DklQ gfz cflb .
k|sf]k ljZn]if0f (Hazard Analysis) M s'g} klg k|sf]ksf] klxrfg, cWoog
/ cg'udg u/]/ o;sf] pTklQ, ljz]iftf, Aojxf/ / ;Defjgfx?sf] lglZrttf
ug]{ .
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f (Risk Assessment) M ;Defljt k|sf]ksf] ljZn]if0f /
ljBdfg ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] d"Nof+sg u/]/ hf]lvdsf] k|j[lQ / tx lgZro ug]{ ljlw .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f (Disaster Risk Reduction) M of] Pp6f
cjwf/0ffut sfo{ ;+/rgf xf] h;n] lbuf] ljsf;sf] a[xb\ ;Gbe{df ;+s6f;Ggtf
sd ug{, ljkb\sf] hf]lvd 36fpg, k|sf]ksf] gsf/fTds c;/nfO{ ;Lldt
t'Nofpg cfjZos tTjx?nfO{ ;dflji6 u/]sf] x'G5 .
ax';/f]sf/jfnf (Multi-stakeholder) M AolQm jf ;+u7gx?sf] ;d"x h;n]
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ rf;f] jf ;/f]sf/ /fV5g\ / ;d:of lg/fs/0fsf]
sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5g\ .
k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL (Early Warning System) M klxrfg ul/Psf ;+:yfaf6
;dod} / k|efjsf/L ;"rgf k|jfx u/L k|sf]k;Dd'v AolQmx?nfO{ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
ug{ / k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu tof/ agfpg] Aoj:yf . k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL;“u
w]/} s'/f uf“l;Psf x'G5g\ M h:t} k|sf]ksf] a'emfO / gS;f+sg, cg'udg /
;Defljt 36gfsf] k"jf{g'dfg, nlIft hg;+Vof / /fhg}lts lgsfodf ;d]t
a'em\g;lsg] r]tfjgLx?sf] k|jfx Pjd\ pko'Qm / ;dod} k|ltsfo{ cflb kb{5g\ .
!$^!$%
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
Terminology -kl/eflifs zAbx?_ M
ljkb\ (Disaster) M ;dfh jf ;d'bfosf] ;+rfngdf cfOkg]{ Ps uDeL/
cj/f]w h;n] dfgjLo, ef}lts, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo?kdf Iflt k'¥ofp“b5 .
k|sf]kx?sf] ;+of]hg, ;+s6f;Gg cj:yf / ;DefAo hf]lvdsf gsf/fTds c;/nfO{
sd ug]{ Ifdtfsf] cefjn] ljkb\nfO{ lgDTofp“b5 .
k"j{tof/L (Preparedness) M ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg / o;;“u ;DalGwt
:j:y hf]lvd ljZn]if0fdf cfwfl/t ljkb\k"j{ ul/g] lqmofsnfkx? g} k"j{tof/L xf] .
o; cGtu{t k"j{tof/L /0fgLlt, gLlt, ;+:yfut ;+/rgf, k"j{r]tfjgL, k"jf{g'dfg
Ifdtfsf] ljsf;÷;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ Pjd\ ;+s6f;Gg ;d'bfosf] hLpwgsf] /Iffsf]
nflu k|sf]k cufl8 g} sfo{ ug]{ of]hgfx? kb{5g\ .
/fxt÷k|ltsfo { (Relief / Response) M ljkb\sf] a]nf jf ljkb\ nuQ}
k|efljt ;d'bfo tyf gful/sx?sf] hLjg;'/Iff tyf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"lt{
ug{sf nflu ul/g] ;xfotf jf k|aGw . of] tTsfnsf], 5f]6f] cjlwsf] / nfdf]
cjlwsf] klg x'g;S5 .
pTyfgzLntf (Resilience) M k|sf]ksf] c;/nfO{ sfo{;+rfng jf ;+/rgfsf]
:jLsfo{ tx;Dd k'Ug jf sfod /fVg;Sg] ;+s6f;Gg ;d'bfo, ;dfh jf k|0ffnLsf]
k|lt/f]wfTds / cg's"ng Ifdtf . ljutsf cg'ej / l;sfOx?af6 kf7 l;Sb}
cfkm"nfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ / Ifdtf a9fpg] ;Ifdtf ;fdflhs k|0ffnLx?df slQsf]
5 eGg] s'/faf6 g} ;d'bfosf] pTyfgzLntfsf] tx lgSof}{n ug{ ;lsG5 .
Ifdtf ljsf; (Capacity Building) M dfgjLo Ifdtf / ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/sf]
ljsf; u/L hf]lvdsf] tx Go"gLs/0f ug{tkm{ pGd'v k|of;x? . o;n] ;dfhsf]
x/]s tx / If]qdf ;+:yfut, ljlQo, /fhg}lts / c? ;|f]tx?sf] ljsf;nfO{ klg
;d]6]sf] x'G5 .
k'gnf{e (Recovery) M ljkb\kl5sf] sl7g cj:yfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ jf ljkb\cl3sf]
cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg] sfo{ / lg0f{ox? . k'gnf{eleq k'gM:yfkgf / k'gM;+/rgf kb{5 .
;+s6f;Ggtf (Vulnerability) M ef}lts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s / jftfj/0fLo
sf/0f jf k|lqmofdf l;lh{t x'g] cj:yf h;n] ;d'bfodf k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd j[l4 ub{5 .
hf]lvd (Risk) M dfgj jf k|s[lthGo k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Gg cj:yfsf] cGtlqm{ofåf/f
x'g;Sg] 3fts kl/0ffd / Ifltsf] ;DefAotf . h:t} M d[To' , 3fOt], ;DklQ gfz cflb .
k|sf]k ljZn]if0f (Hazard Analysis) M s'g} klg k|sf]ksf] klxrfg, cWoog
/ cg'udg u/]/ o;sf] pTklQ, ljz]iftf, Aojxf/ / ;Defjgfx?sf] lglZrttf
ug]{ .
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f (Risk Assessment) M ;Defljt k|sf]ksf] ljZn]if0f /
ljBdfg ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] d"Nof+sg u/]/ hf]lvdsf] k|j[lQ / tx lgZro ug]{ ljlw .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f (Disaster Risk Reduction) M of] Pp6f
cjwf/0ffut sfo{ ;+/rgf xf] h;n] lbuf] ljsf;sf] a[xb\ ;Gbe{df ;+s6f;Ggtf
sd ug{, ljkb\sf] hf]lvd 36fpg, k|sf]ksf] gsf/fTds c;/nfO{ ;Lldt
t'Nofpg cfjZos tTjx?nfO{ ;dflji6 u/]sf] x'G5 .
ax';/f]sf/jfnf (Multi-stakeholder) M AolQm jf ;+u7gx?sf] ;d"x h;n]
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ rf;f] jf ;/f]sf/ /fV5g\ / ;d:of lg/fs/0fsf]
sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5g\ .
k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL (Early Warning System) M klxrfg ul/Psf ;+:yfaf6
;dod} / k|efjsf/L ;"rgf k|jfx u/L k|sf]k;Dd'v AolQmx?nfO{ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
ug{ / k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu tof/ agfpg] Aoj:yf . k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL;“u
w]/} s'/f uf“l;Psf x'G5g\ M h:t} k|sf]ksf] a'emfO / gS;f+sg, cg'udg /
;Defljt 36gfsf] k"jf{g'dfg, nlIft hg;+Vof / /fhg}lts lgsfodf ;d]t
a'em\g;lsg] r]tfjgLx?sf] k|jfx Pjd\ pko'Qm / ;dod} k|ltsfo{ cflb kb{5g\ .
!$^!$%
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
jftfj/0fLo ¥xf; -Environmental Degradation_ M ;fdflhs /
kfl/l:yltsLo p2]Zo / cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ jftfj/0fLo Ifdtfsf] sdL .
jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg -Environmental Impact Assessment_ Mjftfj/0fdf s'g} gof" tTjsf] k|j]zn] kfl/l:yltsLo ;Gt'ngnfO{ kfg{;Sg] k|efj
d"Nof+sg ug]{ cWoog . EIA df lj:t[t?kdf hf]lvd d"Nof+sg ul/g'sf] ;fy}
j}slNks ;dfwfg jf /f]hfO klg pNn]v ul/Psf] x'G5 .
e"–pkof]u of]hgf (Land-use Planning) M of] ef}lts / ;fdflhs–cfly{s
of]hgfs} c+u xf] h;n] hUufhdLgnfO{ s;/L k|of]u ug]{, s;/L k|of]u ubf{ s] x'G5
/ ljljw ju{sf hg;+VofnfO{ s:tf] k|efj kf5{ egL lgSof}{n ub{5 . e"–pkof]u
of]hgf cGtu{t jftfj/0fLo / k|sf]k tYof+ssf] cWoog / ljZn]if0f, j}slNks
e"–pkof]u lg0f{osf] lgdf{0f, ljleGg ef}uf]lns / k|zf;sLo txsf] nflu
bL3{sfnLg of]hgf lgdf{0f cflb kb{5 .
lgdf{0f ;+lxtf (Building Codes) M of] /fli6«o ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo ;/sf/åf/f
agfOPsf] cf}krfl/s lgod xf] h;n] s'g} klg ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf] ?k/]vf,
lgdf{0fljlw, ;fdu|L cflb OToflbnfO{ lgoGq0f u/]/ dfgjLo ;'/Iff / sNof0fnfO{
;'lglZrt u/fpg ;xof]u ub{5 . lgdf{0f ;+lxtfdf k|fljlws / sfo{ut b'j}
dfkb08 ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'G5 .
dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwf÷cfkTsfnLg ;]jf (Critical Facilities/Emergency
Service) M dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwf eGgfn] c:ktfn, ljB't, 6]lnkmf]g cflb /
cfkTsfnLg ;]jf eGgfn] k|x/L, PDa'n]G;, bdsn, /]8qm; nufotnfO{ a'em\g
;lsG5 . ljkb\sf] a]nfdf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ / hLpwgsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ ljlzi6
pQ/bfloTj / p2]Zo o;n] af]s]sf] 5 .
k|anLs/0f (Retrofitting) M ;+/rgfx?nfO{ k|fs[lts k|sf]kx?af6 cem a9L
k|lt/f]wfTds / pTyfgzLn agfpg ;anLs[t ug]{ .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf (Disaster Risk Reduction Plan) M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL gLlt / k|:tfjgfx?sf] b:tfj]h . of] of]hgfnfO{
ljsf; of]hgf / ljsf; sfo{df klg ljrf/ ul/g'k5{ . ef}uf]lns cj:yf
cg';f/ ;/sf/sf ljleGg txsf nflu ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf km/s
km/s x'g;S5 .
cNkLs/0f (Mitigation) M k|fs[lts k|sf]k, jftfj/0fLo ¥xf; / k|f}Bf]us
k|sf]ksf] c;/nfO{ ;Lldt t'Nofpg ul/Psf ;+/rgfTds / u}/;+/rgfTds
sfo{x? . ;+/rgfTds sfo{ eg]sf] k|sf]k k|lt/f]wfTds lgdf{0f, OlGhlgol/ª
cflb / u}/;+/rgfTds eg]sf] 1fg clej[l4, ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{, gLltlgodx?
cflbnfO{ a'em\g;lsG5 .
n3'ljQ / n3'C0f (Micro Finance & Micro Credit) M clt ljkGg
AolQmnfO{ :j/f]huf/L jf cfocfh{gsf] nflu lbOg] yf]/} /sdsf] C0f jf ljlQo
;]jf h;n] ubf{ pgLx?sf] hLljsfdf ;xof]u k'uf];\ .
lghL–;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/L (Public-Private Partnership) M ;femf p2]Zo
k|flKtsf] nflu ;femf ;|f]t, ;femf Ifdtf / ;femf lj1tfsf] k|of]u ul/g] ;/sf/L
/ u}/;/sf/L ;+u7gx?aLrsf] :jod\;]jL u7aGwg . o;df ;/sf/L sfof{nosf]
cnfjf Aoj;flos, k]zfut, k|fl1s ;+3;+:yf nufot gful/s ;dfhsf] klg
;xeflutf /xG5 . ;fem]bf/x? lhDd]jf/L af“8kmf“8 ub{5g\ / ;+o'Qm?kdf lg0f{o
ub{5g\ .
hf]lvd ?kfGt/0f (Risk Transfer) M ljkb\sf sf/0fn] x'g] ef}lts Iflt /
;]jf cj?4tfsf] abnfdf gub Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] u/L ul/Psf] aLdf jf k'gMaLdf .
hf]lvd ?kfGt/0fsf] nflu x'g] aLdf vr{nfO{ hf]ufpg o;sf] bfo/f / kl/df0f
a9fpg] s'/fdf Wofg lbOg'kb{5 . h:t}M cTofjZos gful/s ;]jf k|bfos
;+:yfx?df clgjfo{ aLdfsf] gLltnfO{ Nofpg ;lsG5 .
!$*!$&
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
jftfj/0fLo ¥xf; -Environmental Degradation_ M ;fdflhs /
kfl/l:yltsLo p2]Zo / cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ jftfj/0fLo Ifdtfsf] sdL .
jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg -Environmental Impact Assessment_ Mjftfj/0fdf s'g} gof" tTjsf] k|j]zn] kfl/l:yltsLo ;Gt'ngnfO{ kfg{;Sg] k|efj
d"Nof+sg ug]{ cWoog . EIA df lj:t[t?kdf hf]lvd d"Nof+sg ul/g'sf] ;fy}
j}slNks ;dfwfg jf /f]hfO klg pNn]v ul/Psf] x'G5 .
e"–pkof]u of]hgf (Land-use Planning) M of] ef}lts / ;fdflhs–cfly{s
of]hgfs} c+u xf] h;n] hUufhdLgnfO{ s;/L k|of]u ug]{, s;/L k|of]u ubf{ s] x'G5
/ ljljw ju{sf hg;+VofnfO{ s:tf] k|efj kf5{ egL lgSof}{n ub{5 . e"–pkof]u
of]hgf cGtu{t jftfj/0fLo / k|sf]k tYof+ssf] cWoog / ljZn]if0f, j}slNks
e"–pkof]u lg0f{osf] lgdf{0f, ljleGg ef}uf]lns / k|zf;sLo txsf] nflu
bL3{sfnLg of]hgf lgdf{0f cflb kb{5 .
lgdf{0f ;+lxtf (Building Codes) M of] /fli6«o ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo ;/sf/åf/f
agfOPsf] cf}krfl/s lgod xf] h;n] s'g} klg ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf] ?k/]vf,
lgdf{0fljlw, ;fdu|L cflb OToflbnfO{ lgoGq0f u/]/ dfgjLo ;'/Iff / sNof0fnfO{
;'lglZrt u/fpg ;xof]u ub{5 . lgdf{0f ;+lxtfdf k|fljlws / sfo{ut b'j}
dfkb08 ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'G5 .
dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwf÷cfkTsfnLg ;]jf (Critical Facilities/Emergency
Service) M dxTjk"0f{ ;'ljwf eGgfn] c:ktfn, ljB't, 6]lnkmf]g cflb /
cfkTsfnLg ;]jf eGgfn] k|x/L, PDa'n]G;, bdsn, /]8qm; nufotnfO{ a'em\g
;lsG5 . ljkb\sf] a]nfdf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ / hLpwgsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ ljlzi6
pQ/bfloTj / p2]Zo o;n] af]s]sf] 5 .
k|anLs/0f (Retrofitting) M ;+/rgfx?nfO{ k|fs[lts k|sf]kx?af6 cem a9L
k|lt/f]wfTds / pTyfgzLn agfpg ;anLs[t ug]{ .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf (Disaster Risk Reduction Plan) M
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL gLlt / k|:tfjgfx?sf] b:tfj]h . of] of]hgfnfO{
ljsf; of]hgf / ljsf; sfo{df klg ljrf/ ul/g'k5{ . ef}uf]lns cj:yf
cg';f/ ;/sf/sf ljleGg txsf nflu ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf km/s
km/s x'g;S5 .
cNkLs/0f (Mitigation) M k|fs[lts k|sf]k, jftfj/0fLo ¥xf; / k|f}Bf]us
k|sf]ksf] c;/nfO{ ;Lldt t'Nofpg ul/Psf ;+/rgfTds / u}/;+/rgfTds
sfo{x? . ;+/rgfTds sfo{ eg]sf] k|sf]k k|lt/f]wfTds lgdf{0f, OlGhlgol/ª
cflb / u}/;+/rgfTds eg]sf] 1fg clej[l4, ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{, gLltlgodx?
cflbnfO{ a'em\g;lsG5 .
n3'ljQ / n3'C0f (Micro Finance & Micro Credit) M clt ljkGg
AolQmnfO{ :j/f]huf/L jf cfocfh{gsf] nflu lbOg] yf]/} /sdsf] C0f jf ljlQo
;]jf h;n] ubf{ pgLx?sf] hLljsfdf ;xof]u k'uf];\ .
lghL–;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/L (Public-Private Partnership) M ;femf p2]Zo
k|flKtsf] nflu ;femf ;|f]t, ;femf Ifdtf / ;femf lj1tfsf] k|of]u ul/g] ;/sf/L
/ u}/;/sf/L ;+u7gx?aLrsf] :jod\;]jL u7aGwg . o;df ;/sf/L sfof{nosf]
cnfjf Aoj;flos, k]zfut, k|fl1s ;+3;+:yf nufot gful/s ;dfhsf] klg
;xeflutf /xG5 . ;fem]bf/x? lhDd]jf/L af“8kmf“8 ub{5g\ / ;+o'Qm?kdf lg0f{o
ub{5g\ .
hf]lvd ?kfGt/0f (Risk Transfer) M ljkb\sf sf/0fn] x'g] ef}lts Iflt /
;]jf cj?4tfsf] abnfdf gub Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] u/L ul/Psf] aLdf jf k'gMaLdf .
hf]lvd ?kfGt/0fsf] nflu x'g] aLdf vr{nfO{ hf]ufpg o;sf] bfo/f / kl/df0f
a9fpg] s'/fdf Wofg lbOg'kb{5 . h:t}M cTofjZos gful/s ;]jf k|bfos
;+:yfx?df clgjfo{ aLdfsf] gLltnfO{ Nofpg ;lsG5 .
!$*!$&
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cu'jf (Disaster Risk Reduction Champion) Mljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ?lr /fVg] k|efjzfnL AolQm hf] ljkb\ hf]lvdGo"gLs/0fnfO{ cfdk|fyldstfsf] ljifo agfpg bQlrQ eP/ nfluk/]sf] x'G5 .o:tf AolQmx? k|lta4 ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, Aoj;foL, ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ cflbx'g;S5g\ . ;+:yfx?n] klg of] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{;Sb5g\ .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg (Disaster Risk Management)M of] Pp6fk|0ffnLut k|lqmof xf] h;n] k|fs[lts, jftfj/0fLo / k|f}Bf]usLo ljkb\sf] k|efjnfO{Go"gLs/0fsf nflu k|zf;lgs lg0f{o, ;+u7g, sfo{;+rfng ;Lk, Ifdtfsf]k|of]u u/L ;fGble{s gLlt,/0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjog ub{5 . o;df ;+/rgfTds /u}/;+/rgfTds ;a} lsl;dsf lqmofsnfk / pkfox? ;d]l6Psf] x'G5 .
/fli6«o gLlt ;+/rgf (National Policy Framework) M s'g} lglZrt;jfnnfO{ kl/eflift / ;Daf]wg ug{ Pjd\ lg0f{ok|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf]nflu /fli6«o lgsfoåf/f cjnDag ul/Psf gLltx?sf] ?k/]vf . oL gLltx?n];fGble{s d"Nof+sg, /0fgLlt, nIo, lgod, of]hgf, lqmofsnfk, k|fyldstf,lgsfo / pQ/bfloTjh:tf ljifox?nfO{ ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ljkb\hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] /fli6«o gLlt ;+/rgfn] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ -h:t}If]qut lgsfox?, :yfgLo ;/sf/ cflb_ kl/k"/s lsl;dn] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fgLltx?sf] ljsf; ug{ dfu{lgb]{zg lbG5 .
cfkTsfnLg Aoj:yfkg (Emergency Management) M cfkTsfnsf;a} kIfx? vf;u/L k"j{tof/L, k|ltsfo{ / k'g:yf{kgf h:tf ;jfnx?df pQ/bfloTj/ ;|f]tx?sf] Aoj:yfkg tyf ;+u7g . cfkTsfnLg cfjZostfnfO{ a[xb\?kdf;Daf]wg / ;dGjo ug]{ Pjd\ ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L / lghL If]qnfO{ ;+nUgu/fpg] of]hgf, ;+/rgf / Aoj:yfkg of] leq kb{5 .
kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL -Ecosystem_ M k|f0fL / jg:kltx?n] Pp6} OsfO{sf]?kdf sfo{ ug]{ / ef}lts jftfj/0f;“u cGtlqm{of ug]{ k|0ffnL . kfl/l:yltsLok|0ffnLsf] bfo/f lgs} ;fgf] If]qb]lv ;Dk"0f{ k[YjL klg x'g;S5 .
-;|f]t M UN / ISDR Terminology, OCHA_
References :
Action Aid Nepal . (2009) : Final Evaluation Report of "SurakshitSamudaya : Building Safer Community Through Disaster Management".
Cannon, T. (2007) : “Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into theMillennium Development Goals”, Review of Activities up to the PresentCommissioned by Action Aid and UNISDR.
CRED database. (2009).
CRED and ISDR. (2008) : “2008 Disasters in Numbers”. InternationalStrategy for Disaster Reduction and Centre for Research on theEpidemiology of Disasters, p.1-2.
Disaster Management Section, Ministry of Home Affairs, Governmentof Nepal. (2008) : “Interim National Progress Report on theImplementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action”.
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR). (2006) : “HyogoFramework for Action 2005-2015 : Building the Resilience of Nationsand Communities to Disasters”. www.unisdr.org, 2006.
Mercy Corpse Nepal. (2009) : Final Evaluation Report on "KailaliDisaster Risk Reduction Initiatives".
NSET. (2009) : "Views From the Frontline : Draft Country ReportNepal", an Unpublished Report of Study Conducted in Associationwith Civil Society Institutions of Nepal Under the VFL-Lead Monitoringof HFA Implementation Programs by the Local Governments,Communities and the Civil Societies.
!%)!$(
x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cu'jf (Disaster Risk Reduction Champion) Mljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ?lr /fVg] k|efjzfnL AolQm hf] ljkb\ hf]lvdGo"gLs/0fnfO{ cfdk|fyldstfsf] ljifo agfpg bQlrQ eP/ nfluk/]sf] x'G5 .o:tf AolQmx? k|lta4 ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, Aoj;foL, ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ cflbx'g;S5g\ . ;+:yfx?n] klg of] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{;Sb5g\ .
ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg (Disaster Risk Management)M of] Pp6fk|0ffnLut k|lqmof xf] h;n] k|fs[lts, jftfj/0fLo / k|f}Bf]usLo ljkb\sf] k|efjnfO{Go"gLs/0fsf nflu k|zf;lgs lg0f{o, ;+u7g, sfo{;+rfng ;Lk, Ifdtfsf]k|of]u u/L ;fGble{s gLlt,/0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjog ub{5 . o;df ;+/rgfTds /u}/;+/rgfTds ;a} lsl;dsf lqmofsnfk / pkfox? ;d]l6Psf] x'G5 .
/fli6«o gLlt ;+/rgf (National Policy Framework) M s'g} lglZrt;jfnnfO{ kl/eflift / ;Daf]wg ug{ Pjd\ lg0f{ok|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf]nflu /fli6«o lgsfoåf/f cjnDag ul/Psf gLltx?sf] ?k/]vf . oL gLltx?n];fGble{s d"Nof+sg, /0fgLlt, nIo, lgod, of]hgf, lqmofsnfk, k|fyldstf,lgsfo / pQ/bfloTjh:tf ljifox?nfO{ ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ljkb\hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] /fli6«o gLlt ;+/rgfn] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ -h:t}If]qut lgsfox?, :yfgLo ;/sf/ cflb_ kl/k"/s lsl;dn] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fgLltx?sf] ljsf; ug{ dfu{lgb]{zg lbG5 .
cfkTsfnLg Aoj:yfkg (Emergency Management) M cfkTsfnsf;a} kIfx? vf;u/L k"j{tof/L, k|ltsfo{ / k'g:yf{kgf h:tf ;jfnx?df pQ/bfloTj/ ;|f]tx?sf] Aoj:yfkg tyf ;+u7g . cfkTsfnLg cfjZostfnfO{ a[xb\?kdf;Daf]wg / ;dGjo ug]{ Pjd\ ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L / lghL If]qnfO{ ;+nUgu/fpg] of]hgf, ;+/rgf / Aoj:yfkg of] leq kb{5 .
kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL -Ecosystem_ M k|f0fL / jg:kltx?n] Pp6} OsfO{sf]?kdf sfo{ ug]{ / ef}lts jftfj/0f;“u cGtlqm{of ug]{ k|0ffnL . kfl/l:yltsLok|0ffnLsf] bfo/f lgs} ;fgf] If]qb]lv ;Dk"0f{ k[YjL klg x'g;S5 .
-;|f]t M UN / ISDR Terminology, OCHA_
References :
Action Aid Nepal . (2009) : Final Evaluation Report of "SurakshitSamudaya : Building Safer Community Through Disaster Management".
Cannon, T. (2007) : “Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into theMillennium Development Goals”, Review of Activities up to the PresentCommissioned by Action Aid and UNISDR.
CRED database. (2009).
CRED and ISDR. (2008) : “2008 Disasters in Numbers”. InternationalStrategy for Disaster Reduction and Centre for Research on theEpidemiology of Disasters, p.1-2.
Disaster Management Section, Ministry of Home Affairs, Governmentof Nepal. (2008) : “Interim National Progress Report on theImplementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action”.
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR). (2006) : “HyogoFramework for Action 2005-2015 : Building the Resilience of Nationsand Communities to Disasters”. www.unisdr.org, 2006.
Mercy Corpse Nepal. (2009) : Final Evaluation Report on "KailaliDisaster Risk Reduction Initiatives".
NSET. (2009) : "Views From the Frontline : Draft Country ReportNepal", an Unpublished Report of Study Conducted in Associationwith Civil Society Institutions of Nepal Under the VFL-Lead Monitoringof HFA Implementation Programs by the Local Governments,Communities and the Civil Societies.
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x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
NSET. (2008) : “National Strategy for Disaster Risk ReductionManagement in Nepal”. Kathmandu.
United Nations (UN). (2005) : Report on “The World Conference onDisaster Reduction”. Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
UN / ISDR. (2008) : “ Terminology : Basic Terms of Disaster RiskReduction”. www.unisdr.org/terminology
UN / ISDR. (2007) : “Words Into Action : A Guide for Implementingthe Hyogo Framework”. Geneva.
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x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn x\of]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn
NSET. (2008) : “National Strategy for Disaster Risk ReductionManagement in Nepal”. Kathmandu.
United Nations (UN). (2005) : Report on “The World Conference onDisaster Reduction”. Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
UN / ISDR. (2008) : “ Terminology : Basic Terms of Disaster RiskReduction”. www.unisdr.org/terminology
UN / ISDR. (2007) : “Words Into Action : A Guide for Implementingthe Hyogo Framework”. Geneva.
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