HFC-free refrigeration technology for the retail(Currently a technical revolution is taking place in the refrigeration industry)

Bart van der Wekken

October 2013

CLIMATECHNO

F- gas regulations

Proposal new F-gas regulation:

•From 1-1-2016 ban on new installations with R404A/R507 (GWP>2500)

•From 1-1-2020 ban on all HFC’s in new installations

•From 1-1-2017 ban on charging existing installations with R404A/R507

Practical consequences:

•Not wise building new installations with R404A/R507 (GWP>2500)

•Remodeling: consideration R404A/R507

•Intermediate solution: R407F (GWP=1850)

•Future = CO2

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Natural refrigerants

Hydro Carbons (HC: e.g. Propane and Iso-butane)

•Generally excepted in plug-in refrigeration cabinets/refrigerators (charge < 150 gr.)

•Market is growing for indirect systems; systems located outdoors

•High flammability

Ammonia (NH3)

•Well known in industrial refrigeration technology

•High toxicity

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

•Retail refrigeration technology

•High pressure

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Simplified scheme, Transcritical Booster CO2

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•Charge 100% CO2 (HFC-free)•Suitable for moderate climates•Simple system (compared to cascade)•For Dutch climate best solution

•TEWI reduction up to 45%•Energy saving 15%

Centralised refrigeration systems for supermarkets

Transcritical CO2 Booster, with LT and MT cabinets, is

the best solution for northern Europe (North of Paris)

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More efficiënt

Less efficiënt

Equal

Transcritical Booster CO2

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Gascooler/Condenser MT CO2 DX

Heat recovery

LT CO2 DX

MT Comp. LT Comp.

Suction accumulator

Evaporator LTEvaporator MT

Receiver

ETS

ICMT

Source: Bitzer

H-log p-diagram

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Optimum high pressure

Temperature and pressure are in depended from each other

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Source: Bitzer

Heat recovery

Heat recovery with CO2 booster

installation/vriesinstallatie

CO2 Booster for high temperature climates

CO2 booster systems are less

efficient at higher ambient temperatures

Two solutions:

1.Water spraying (reducing ambient temp. with about 5K, Tambient>28°C )

2.Additional subcooling system (R134a or HC)

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COP Comparison

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Refrigerant system COPyear everage

Booster R404A 4,0

Booster CO2 4,7

Booster R404A + heat recovery 3,6

Booster CO2 + heat recovery 4,0

CO2 emissions per CO2 eq/kg/year

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R404A Booster 10% leakage CO2 Booster 10% leakage

Dutch supermarket; sales area 1200 m2

TEWI:• GWP refrigerant• leakage• energy consumption

Safety issues for CO2 installations

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• Leak detector in coldroom and machineroom• Alarm at 0,5% (5000ppm) CO2 MAC value• During an alarm the electronic expansion valve

(AKV) is closed and only the refrigerant charge of the evaporater is leaking in to the room

Vloeistofleiding

zuigleiding

AKV 10-xx met AKV-spoel 220VDC 18W op EKC414A1

S3

S2

S1

Cel verdamper

Alarm unit

+/- 30cm

CO2 sensor in de cel

Terugslagklep

AKVCold room evaporator

Check valve

Liquid line

Suction line

Sensor leak detector

Alarm unit

Discharge safety valves outside

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Safety issues

CO2 Booster CE/PED certified (module H/H1)

PS 30Bar

PS 45Bar

PS 120Bar

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CO2 Booster

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CO2 Booster

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CO2 installations, Fri-Jado1. Jan Linders, Venlo (Oktober 2009)2. C1000, Leiderdorp (Mei2010)3. Plus, Stellendam (Juni 2010)4. Jan Linders, Deurne (Juli 2010)5. Coop, Nijmegen (Juli 2010)6. Plus, Benschop (Augustus 2010)7. C1000, Spijkenisse (Augustus 2010)8. Jan Linders, Sint Anthonis (September 2010)9. Ahoy, Rotterdam (September 2010)10. Plus, Den Hoorn (Oktober 2010)11. C1000 van Garderen, Almere-Buiten (Oktober 2010)12. Agrimarkt, Middelharnis (November 2010)13. Deen, Wieringerwerf (November 2010)14. C1000, Hoogezand (December 2010) 15. Jan Linders, Nuenen (Februari 2011)16. Jan Linders, Herten (Februari 2011)17. COOP, Ameide (April 2011)18. Jan Linders, Wijchen (Mei 2011)19. Dirk van den Broek, Goes (Mei 2011)20. Bas van der Heijden, Bolnes (Augustus 2011)21. Plus, Delft (Augustus 2011)22. C1000, Bergen op Zoom (September 2011)23. Jan Linders, Klimmen (September 2011)24. Deen Uithoorn, (Oktober 2011)25. Plus, Eindhoven (Oktober 2011)26. Em-Té, Enschede (December 2011)27. Em-Té, Rijssen (Februari 2012)28. Dirk van den Broek, Amersfoort (Februari 2012)29. Hoogvliet, Ede (April 2012)30. COOP, Eemnes (Juni 2012)31. Jan Linders, Nijmegen (Mei 2012)32. Agrimarkt, Oud Beierland (Augustus 2012)33. Albert Heijn, Amersfoort (Oktober 2012)34. Deen, Purmerend (Februari 2013) 35. Plus, Margraten (Juni 2013)36. Jumbo Oegstgeest (Sept. 2013)37. Jumbo Breukelen (Sept 2013)38. Hoogvliet Alphen a/d Rijn (Aug 2013)39. Hoogvliet Bilthoven (Sept 2013)

Conclusions

Transcritical CO2 Booster best solution for

HFC-free refrigeration technology in the retail.

•Up to 15% less energy consumption

•Up to 45% TEWI reduction

•Suitable for heat recovery

Initial costs higher compared to HFC technology

•With increasing market share costs of CO2

components will decrease

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