hg 6e ch_04_lecture
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 4 Lecture
Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context
Sixth Edition
Wendy A. MitteagerState University of New York, Oneonta
People and Nature
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Key Concepts
• Nature and Society• Environmental Philosophies• Ecological Imperialism• Energy Needs• Climate Change• Environmental Impacts• Globalization of Environment• Sustainability
Figure: Chapter 4 Opener Rescue workers in Japan
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Nature as a Concept
• Relationship between nature and society
• Earth Summit– Sustainable future
• Environmental Advocates– Pinchot, Carson,
Shiva
• EcosystemFigure 4.2 Technology often aggravates rather than solves environmental problems
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Nature as a Concept, (cont'd)
• Technology– Physical artifacts– Activities or processes– Knowledge or know-how
• I=PAT– Impact on earth resources– Population– Affluence– Technology
Figure 4.4 Electronic waste
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Nature-Society Interactions
• Cultural Ecology
• Global climate change
• Hurricane Katrina
• Haiti earthquake
• Political Ecology Figure 4.6 Haiti, one year after the earthquake
Apply your knowledge: Give examples of cultural ecology from your community or campus.
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Climate Change
Figure 4.5 Four elements represent how climate change is affecting the planet
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Water Politics
Figure 4.A Virtual water expended to produce foods
Figure 4.B Protesters in Bolivia, during the action against the hike in water rates
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U.S. Environmental Philosophies
• Views of nature• Henry David Thoreau
– Romanticism
• Ralph Waldo Emerson– Transcendentalism
• George Perkins Marsh– Humans as significant
agent of environmentalchange
Figure 4.8 Walden Pond today
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• Environmental Ethics• Ecofeminism• Deep Ecology• Environmental Justice• Ecotheology
U.S. Environmental Philosophies, (cont'd)
• Gifford Pinchot• Theodore Roosevelt• Conservation &
Preservation • Environmental
organizations
Apply your knowledge: Provide examples of how Thoreau's ideas about nature can be understood in termsof late-twentieth-century environmental philosophies. Apply the same analysis to Marsh and Emerson.
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European Expansion
• Internal, at first
• Disease & depopulation– Virgin soil epidemics– Columbian exchange– Demographic collapse
Figure 4.10 Population growth in Europe
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Ecological Imperialism
• Introduction of exoticsinto new ecosystems
• Intentional andunintentional
• Agriculture andlivestock
• Animal powerFigure 4.12 Painting of the capital city of the Aztecs
Apply your knowledge: Provide examples of plants andanimals in your region that are examples of ecological imperialism
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European Voyages of Exploration
Figure 4.11 Not all voyages were violent and exploitative – many were mutually beneficial through the exchange of knowledge.
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Recent Environmental Change
• Anthropocene
• Impact ofenergy needs– Nonrenewable– renewable
Figure 4.13 Biomass pyramid
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World Energy, 2008
Figure 4.14
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Peak Oil
Figure 4.D Predictions of future oil production
Figure 4.C Oil reserves by region, 2007
Figure 4.E Price of crude oil, 1986–2011
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Energy Needs
Figure 4.15 Increase in energy demand
Figure 4.16 Surface coal mining in Germany
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World Distribution of Nuclear Reactors, 2011
Figure 4.20
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Global Consumption of Fuelwoods, 2010
Figure 4.21
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Percentage of Hydropower in the Electricity Supply, 2010
Figure 4.22
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Global Climate Change
Figure 4.F Schematic framework of climate change drivers, impacts, and responses
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Figure 4.G This graph shows projected sea level rise. The maps show the impact of 5 meters of sea level rise.
Global Climate Change, (cont'd)
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Three Gorges Dam, China
Figure 4.23
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Global Acid Emissions
Figure 4.24
Apply your knowledge: How do various countries otherthan the U.S. address the problem of acid rain?
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Impact of Land-Use Change
• Five categories of land
• Conversion
• Modification
Figure 4.30 Greening of the Sahel
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Global Land Grab
Figure 4.27
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Globalization of the Environment
• Global change
• Environmental politics– WTO, IMF, G8,
United Nations, NGOs
• Environmental Sustainability
Figure 4.30 Bioprospecting in the Arctic
Apply your knowledge: Research an international institution that implements sustainable development programming.
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Future Geographies
• Increase in world energy consumption– Population growth– Periphery is
industrialized
• Global challenges will require international political and economic cooperation
Figure 4.31 Raw materials are shipped out of the U.S. to China. Containers from China to the U.S. are loaded with manufactured commodities
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End of Chapter 4