hi-rate efficient data delivery, secure mobile networking and network centric operations

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Hi-rate Efficient Data Delivery, Secure Mobile Networking and Network Centric

Operations

Will Ivancic/[email protected]

216-433-3949

Phil Paulsen/[email protected]

216-433-6507

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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Outline

• Hi-Rate Data Delivery• Cognitive Networking (local situational

awareness)– Smart Modems

• Network Centric Operations– Relative to Civil Aeronautics

• Secure Mobile Networking

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Real-Time and Store-and-Forward Delivery of Unmanned Airborne Vehicle (UAV) Sensor Data

Key MilestonesDevelop UAV communications architecture 12/09 Rate-based transport protocol initial deployment2/10 Rate-based Saratoga Version 1 for single hop store and forward

6/11 Develop radio-to-router Layer-2 trigger protocol3/12Conduct integrated demonstration 5/12

Co-I’s/PartnersDon Sullivan/ARC

PI: Will Ivancic/GRC

TRLin = 4 TRLcurrent = 4 (Transport Protocol)TRLin = 2 TRLcurrent = 2 (Layer-2 Trigger)

Approach Work with ARC, DRC & L3-Communucation to

develop & deploy advanced bandwidth efficient, reliable file transport protocols for the Global Hawk UAV

Conduct integrated tests of the architecture and protocols in the relevant environment

Collaborate with router & radio manufacturers to develop a modem link-property advertisement protocol

Objectives Improve the data throughput for Airborne

Science by developing and deploying technologies on the Global Hawk UAV that enable efficient use of the available communications links. Improvements to the Saratoga transport

protocol by implementing a rate-based feature, improved store and forward capabilities and congestion control.

Development of a protocol that advertises link properties from modem to router and/or hosts

In a relevant environment, develop and deploy a mobile communication architecture for aeronautical networks based on Internet technologies.

Global Hawk Command and Control Network

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Global Hawk

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Global Hawk Control Room at Dryden

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SARATOGATRANSPORT PROTOCOL

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Saratoga

• Developed by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) for its Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) remote sensing satellites. – Over seven years of operation– Version 0 (Current Deployment)

• Line-Rate• Selective Negative Acknowledgment• File Transfer• Use in highly asymmetric links• Beacons to indicated link available

– Version 1 (Additional Features)• Line-rate or rate-based• Beacons also contain Unique Identifier of sender• Files, Bundles (Delay Tolerant Networking) or Streams• Time Stamps option (usable for congestion control)• Can support fully-unidirectional data transfer if required• Capable of efficiently transferring small or large files, by choosing

a width of file offset descriptor appropriate for the filesize– Maximum file sizes of 64KiB-1, 4GiB-1, 2^64-1 and 2^128-1 octets

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Saratoga Status and Strategy

• Saratoga Version 0– Operational on SSTL DMC satellites– Ground testing complete of rate-base settings for SSTL C

implementation– Ground testing of GRC PERL implementation

• Saratoga Version 1– Specification at draft version 6 which expires March 2011– Likely to present at next IETF meeting in Prague or summer

meeting in Quebec – GRC work PERL and C++ Implementation

• C++ already partially exists from Wes Eddy implementation, but not fully tested – probably 40% complete.

– SSTL to work C implementation– Charles Smith implementation provided to GRC for testing

• Target is Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder Telescope (ASKAP

– Expected to stream 192 parallel 10Gbps feeds from each of the 36 twelve meter dish receivers – a total of just under 70Gbps, or almost eight terabytes per second.

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correlator

beamformer

beamformer

beamformer

supercomputeranalysis

processed datacubesdelivered rapidly as files with Saratoga

further delivery to post-processing and usersusing traditional Internet technologies (TCP)

private linksand network

sensorssensors

sensorssensors

sensorssensors

sensorssensors

sensorssensors

sensorssensors

multiple Saratoga streams delivering real-time beamformed databeamformer

beamformer

beamformerbeamformer

beamformerbeamformer

sensor data flowSNACK Flow

Multiple Saratoga streams deliveringreal-time sensor data

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Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP)

• Proof of concept for Square Kilometer Array• ASKAP telescope, currently under construction at the

Muchison Observatory site• Consists of 36 12- meter dishes with each dish holding

192 bi-polar phased- array feed sensors.– Each sensor generates a 10Gbps stream. This leads to a

total of 6,912 individual 10 Gbps streams – almost 70,000 Gbps, or 8.44 terabytes/second (TBps).

• Square Kilometer Array– Hybrid telescope, comprising a mix of technologies

including single-pixel feeds, sparse aperture arrays, dense aperture arrays and phased-array feed sensors.

– Sizes of final data products for individual observation sets in data cubes are expected to range from 30 Terabytes up to 360 Terabytes each

– Total sensor data rates generating those processed cubes varying from 0.055 Terabits/s (Tbps) up to 429 Terabits/s

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192 ElementFocal PlaneArray

AnaloguetoDigitalSampler

CoarseFilterBank

Correlator

BeamFormer

FineFilterBank

192 x Coax 192 x 10G 64 x 10G

16 xGbE

CorrelatorControlComputer

10G

Antenna Pedestal MRO Central Site

16 x 1 x

36 x

EthernetSwitch

DWDMTerminal

DWDMTerminal

800km

Perth

4 x 10G

4 x 10G

1 x

Square Kilometer Array Example

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LAYER-2 TRIGGERS(The beginnings of cognitive networking)

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Smart Modems

• Modem's transmitting and receiving link rates can be varied over time due to the following:– Adaptive coding– Changes in Modulation to suit the channel characteristics. – Changes in transmission rate to suit the channel

characteristics• Rate mismatch between RF link local area network.

– Serial connections are less of a problem as clocks can be controlled by modem (at least the receiving clock)

– Ethernet connections are becoming standard and result in rate mismatch between the LAN interface and the RF link.

Modem

RF3 Mbps

Ethernet100 Mbps

Ethernet1 Gbps Application

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Issue / Problem

• To condition traffic and get the most out of the modem's link capacity, applications need to know the modem's link conditions.– Figure 1 corresponds to existing commercial imaging satellites– Figure 2 is more generic

• Desire is to have a standard method for the application to understand the link conditions and adjust– Link Up/Down– Link Unreliable– Data Rates

Modem

RF3 Mbps

Ethernet100 Mbps

Ethernet1 Gbps Application

Modem

RF3 Mbps

SerialLink Application

Figure 1

Figure 2

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Solution

• Develop a standard protocol that provides link status conditions– Should be able to provide wide area network (WAN)

radio reachback link status to applications that may be multiple hops away.

• Uses– Applications can adjust to link state– Route Optimization

• Useful for multi-homed systems

ModemRF3 Mbps

Ethernet100 Mbps

Application

ModemRF256 kbps

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Why Mobile-IP for Secure Mobile Networking

• Shared Network Infrastructure– $$$ Savings

• Ground Station ISP– $400- $500 per satellite pass– No salaries– No heath benefits– No infrastructure costs

– System Flexibility– Greater Connectivity– Relatively easy to secure

• TCP/IP suite– COTS Standard– Free tools– Skilled professionals available– Tested via general use by 100s of 1000s daily

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Multi-Domained, Multi-Homed Mobile Networks

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Common Sectors

• Aviation• Maritime• Trains• Trucking (Shipping)• Automotive• Others ???

Common solutions necessary to leverage volume.

Aviation is very small community compared to automotive, rail or

shipping.

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High Speed SatCom Network• Globally Available • Affected by Weather• Higher Bandwidth• High Latency• High Cost

Low Speed SatCom Network• Globally Available• Low Bandwidth• High Latency• Very High Cost• Redundant

High Speed LOS Network• Globally Available • High Bandwidth• Low Latency• Lower Security• Moderate Cost

High Speed Terrestrial• Not Available when Mobile • High Bandwidth• Low latency• Lower Cost

OperationsCommand and

Control

Mobile Network

How do you decide which path the data should take?How do you cause the network(s) to route the data via this path?

Destination Network(for Operations)

Destination Network(for Command & Control)

Internet

Entertainment

How Do You Select and Implement the Routing Path?

Destination Network(for Entertainment)

Low Rate VHF• Reliable• Low Latency

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Aviation Specific Issues• Safety of Life / Safety of Flight

– Time-Critical command and control for Air Traffic Control • Fast convergence time is essential!

• New radio link technologies are “uncertified” for Air Traffic Control / Air Operations Communications (ATC/AOC)

• Regulatory requirements force network design • Three independent network domains• (required for regulatory, QOS, & security)• Passenger & In-Flight-Entertainment• Airline Operations• Air Traffic Control• Service providers may be authorized to carry one, two,

or all services.• ATC will be a “closed network”• Multiple security and authentication architectures

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Airplane Communications

Aircraft ControlDomain


Airline InformationServices Domain


PassengerInfo. and EntertainServices

Domain


Domain

Passenger-ownedDevices


Air-GroundNetwork Interface



Control the AircraftControl the Aircraft Operate the AircraftOperate the Aircraft Inform/Entertain the PassengersInform/Entertain the Passengers

CLOSED DomainCLOSED Domain PRIVATE DomainPRIVATE Domain PUBLIC DomainPUBLIC Domain

Airport Network(e.g., Gatelink)

Passenger-accessed3rd Party ProvidersPassenger-accessed3rd Party Providers

Airline-Approved3rd Party ProvidersAirline-Approved3rd Party Providers

AirlineAirline

Air Traffic ServiceProvidersAir Traffic ServiceProviders

Air-GroundBroadband Network(e.g., INMARSAT)

Air-GroundDatalink Services(e.g., ACARS)

VHF / HF /SATCOM

WirelessLAN

SATCOM/Cellular

Aircraft






Domain


Domain






Control the AircraftControl the Aircraft Operate the AircraftOperate the Aircraft Inform/Entertain the PassengersInform/Entertain the Passengers

CLOSED DomainCLOSED Domain PRIVATE DomainPRIVATE Domain PUBLIC DomainPUBLIC Domain

Airport Network(e.g., Gatelink)

Passenger-accessed3rd Party ProvidersPassenger-accessed3rd Party Providers

Airline-Approved3rd Party ProvidersAirline-Approved3rd Party Providers

AirlineAirline

Air Traffic ServiceProvidersAir Traffic ServiceProviders

Air-GroundBroadband Network(e.g., INMARSAT)

Air-GroundDatalink Services(e.g., ACARS)

VHF / HF /SATCOM

WirelessLAN

SATCOM/Cellular

Aircraft

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In-Air Communication• Multiple networks with varying criteria for utilizing

different links– Aircraft Control Domain– Airline Information Services Domain– Passenger Information and Entertainment Services

Domain• Often multiple links will be active to the same

domain simultaneously.• May need to have connectivity to 10 or more ISPs

depending on what airports one flies into– Need to autonomously connect to service providers– Each airport controls the ISP contracts

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Antenna Systems

Note, this picture does not show:• Satellite links• Passenger service links• Gate links (WiFi)• Gate links (umbilical cord)

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SATCOM AERO-1

SATCOM AERO-HH

VHF Voice/DAT

A

HF Voice/DAT

A

GateLink

INMARSAT Swift 64

High-Rate Satellite

WiFi Max

Cellular

Future Links

Mobile Router

Operations LAN

(Avionics)

Communication and Display

Passenger Services

Air Traffic Managemen

t LAN

Sensor Controller (Optional Display)

NEM0-1 NEMO-2 NEMO-3

Mobile Network 1

Mobile Network 2

Mobile Network 3

Multiplexing at the Router

How do you decide which path the data should take?How do you cause the network(s) to route the data via this path?

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Neah Bay

MobileLAN

10.x.x.x

INTERNET USCGINTRANET

10.x.x.x

FA - Detroit

FA Cleveland

HA

Encryption

PRO

XY

Encr

yptio

n

802.11b link

FIR

EWA

LLPublic Address

USCG Officer’s Club

EAST

WEST

Dock

EAST

WEST

Dock

Encrypted NetworkData Transfers

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The Cisco router in low Earth orbit (CLEO)

• Put a COTS Cisco router in space• Determine if the router could

withstand the effects of launch and radiation in a low Earth orbit and still operate in the way that its terrestrial counterparts did.

• Ensure that the router was routing properly

• Implement mobile network and demonstrate its usefulness for space-based applications. – Since the UK–DMC is an

operational system, a major constraint placed on the network design was that any network changes could not impact the current operational network

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mobile routing Home Agent(NASA Glenn)

Segovia NOC

‘shadow’ backupVMOC-2(NASA Glenn)

UK-DMC/CLEO router high-rate passes over SSTL ground station(Guildford, England)

primary VMOC-1Air Force Battle Labs(CERES)

Internetmobile router appears to reside on Home Agent’s network at NASA Glenn

secure Virtual Private Network tunnels (VPNs) between VMOC partners

‘battlefield operations’(tent and Humvee, Vandenberg AFB)

low-rate UK-DMC passes over secondary ground stations

receiving telemetry(Alaska, Colorado Springs)

8.1Mbps downlink9600bps uplink

38400bpsdownlink

other satellitetelemetry to VMOC

UK-DMCsatellite

CLEO onboard mobile access router

CLEO/VMOC Network

USN Alaska

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VMOC

NOCNOCNOC

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Stored data transferred to ground

Sensor1

Seismic Sensor alerts

VMOC

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Space Sensor acquires data (e.g. image)

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4

Network Control Center Configures Spacecraft

via VMOCVMOC negotiates for ground station

services

VMOC negotiates for ground station

services

2 2

VMOC negotiates for Space Assets

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3

Network Control Center Configures

Ground Assets

Network Control Center Configures

Ground Assets

Stored data transferred to ground (Large file transfer over multiple

ground stations)

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Secure Autonomous Integrated Controller for Distributed Sensor Webs

Home Agent

VMOC

Open Internet

VMOCDatabase

SatelliteScheduler

& Controller

Ground Station 3

Ground Station 2Ground

Station 1

->> Time ->>

Large File TransferOver Multiple Ground Stations- DTN is a Potential Solution -

DTN Bundle AgentIntermediary



DTN Bundle AgentSink

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Palm Island Resort, Dubai, 14 Dec 2003 (UK-DMC)

www.dmcii.com

The Cape of Good Hope and False Bay. False colours – red is vegetation. Taken by UK-DMC satellite on the morning of Wednesday, 27 August 2008. Downloaded using bundling over Saratoga, with proactive fragmentation. Fragments assembled at NASA Glenn, then postprocessed at SSTL.First sensor imagery delivered by bundles from space.

hi-rate efficient data delivery, secure mobile networking and network centric operations

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