hibernia eor research lab introduction · hibernia eor research lab introduction. 2019-03-11....
TRANSCRIPT
Lesley James, PhD, P.Eng.
Hibernia EOR Research Lab Introduction
2019-03-11
Contents
IntroductionHistory of the LabCapabilitiesCreativityCollaboration
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3
St. John’sNewfoundland & Labrador
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Offshore Newfoundland Oil & Gas
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Hibernia
Titanic
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Introduction
7https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzBDsjSFCoI
History
• Started over a conversation• Local R&D to support the
Hibernia WAG pilot• Contract signed in Sept 2011• Contract extended to Sept 2022• Construct and equip the
Hibernia EOR Lab• Lab was designed and
commissioned with URC support
• Research objectives include• Laboratory scale experiments• Minimum miscibility pressure• Visualization experiments• Field scale pilot support 8
Capabilities
PeopleEquipmentSafetyResearch Areas
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People
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121; 58 %40; 19 %
24; 12 %
9; 4 %6; 3 % 8; 4 %
Total Project HQP (2011 to Present) = 208Graduate Student - Masters, PhD, etc.
Co-op
Staff
Undergrad Thesis- Exchange Students
Volunteer
Safety
• Training• Equipment testing
and maintenance• Daily, weekly,
monthly safety checks
• Toolbox Talks• Incident reporting
11Testing the Eyewash Station – A Summer Camp Highlight
Equipment
• Pressures up to 10,000 psi (68.9 MPa, 689 bar)• Temperatures up to 392 oF (200 oC)• Corrosion resistant (Hastelloy) wetted parts 12
EquipmentCentrifugeContact AngleCorefloodingDensitometersFluid RecombinationGC with SimDisInterfacial TensionMercury PorosimeterPore Network MicromodelsPumpsPVT SystemVisualization Pressure CellSEM with MLASoxlehtViscometers 13
Research Areas & Capabilities
Reservoir CharacterizationEOR/IOR Screening Flow Assurance Digital Oilfield
Routine & Specialized Core Analysis• Porosity (Hg Porosimetry)• Permeability (brine, air)• Relative permeability
(USBM/Amott, steady-state, unsteady-state)
• Core wettability restoration• SEM-MLAFluid PVT Behaviour & Compositional Analysis• PVT• Minimum miscibility pressure• Fluid recombination• IFT/Contact angle• Viscosity, density• Composition (GC-SimDis)
Top-down EOR/IOR screeningFocus on:• WAG with Enrichment• Chemical EOR• CO2 IntegrationFundamental investigationsCoreflooding at reservoir conditionsVisualization studiesUncertainty analysisEconomic analysisModelling
• SARA, PNA Analysis
• Pour and cloud points
• Wax appearance temperature
• Stability & rheology
• Dynamic stability studies*
• Educational courses
• Data driven optimization of EOR processes
• AI methods to predict reservoir and fluid properties
• Digital Twin*
EOR / IOR Screening
Top-down EOR/IOR screeningFocus on:
• WAG with Enrichment• Chemical EOR• CO2 Integration
Fundamental investigationsCoreflooding at reservoir conditionsVisualization studiesUncertainty in WAG Optimization Economic analysisModelling
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IOR Screening
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IOR Screening – CO2 Integration
• Integrated Constrained CO2 CCUS• Enhanced Oil Recovery
• Carbonated Water Injection• CO2 GAGD – Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage• CO2 Enriched WAG
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CO2 Capture – Membrane Optimization
18Lucas Barrett, Brandon Farewell, Patrick Dillon, Waleed Mohamed, Abu Lais
Target:• Current design is set to gain
90% CO2 purity• A purity of 90% is not
necessarily required for EOR
Design Details:• Membrane Sizing• Membrane Material Selection• Membrane Modelling• Compressor Sizing• Heat Exchanger Sizing• Stream Composition Changes
CO2 Visualization Studies
19Miscible GAGD; water-wet condition; Irreducible water saturation.
Carbonated Water Injection
High Pressure Visualization Pressure Cell (VPC)
IOR Screening – WAG Optimization
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Analyze hysteresis effects on oil recovery on a small scale reservoir.
Perform WAG optimization on the small scale model using various hysteresis models.
Develop and test an AI based optimization algorithm to perform optimization under uncertainty.
Perform WAG optimization under uncertainty on a field scale reservoir model using AI
based optimization algorithm
Uncertainty inWAG Optimization
Reservoir Characterization
Routine & Specialized Core Analysis
• Core wettability restoration• SEM-MLA
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Water-Wet Neutral Oil-Wet
Cont
act
Angl
e Minimum 0° 60 - 75° 105 - 120°
Maximum 60 - 75° 105 - 120° 180°
Wet
tabi
lity
Inde
x
USBM W near 1 W near 0 W near - 1Amott-Harvey 0.3 ≤ 1.0 - 0.3 < 0.3 -1.0 ≤ -0.3Ratio of Water Displacement Positive Zero Positive
Ratio of Oil Displacement Zero Zero Zero(Anderson 1986)
Wettability Determination
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Jaspreet S. Sachdeva, Edison Sripal, Anders NermoenReidar I. Korsnes, Merete V. Madland, Lesley A. James
A laboratory Scale Approach to Wettability Restoration in Chalk Core Samples
Presented at the International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysts, 27 – 31 August, 2018
Objective & Take Away Points
Examine the time and temperature required to achieve Wettability Changes in Chalk holding Rock, Oil, and Brine Constant
Take Away Points:• An appreciation for working with chalk• What is restored wettability and why do we want it?• Continued knowledge in long standing laboratory techniques• Creative new methods
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Core2. Saturate & Age 3. Determine
Wettability1. Clean
Restoring Wettability
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Wettability (Graue et al., 1999)
• Rørdal chalk cores ranged from 1–4 mD and 45–48%, respectively
• Brine: 5 wt.% NaCl + 15 wt.% CaCl2, ρ = 1.05 g/cm3
and µ = 1.09 cP at 20 °C,• Bi-axial coreholder: vacuumed, degassed brine, 5-
10 days aging with brine, 2 PV crude oil, (19% < Swi < 25%), 0 – 28 days aging with crude oil (various crude oil flushing after aging)
• Amott-Harvey water imbibition tests• Increase in oil wettability as aging time increases• Flushing with fresh crude or decane resulted in
more water-wet conditions compared to no flushing
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Neutral wettability
Water wet
Wettability (Zangiabadi et al., 2009)
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• Swi ~ 20% via porous plate with formation brine• Oil drainage via 1 PV oil + 1.5 PV oil each end• Aged for 4 weeks at 90 oC (SV) and 130 oC (Kansas)• Water flood (SSW) in Hassler cell
(2 PV at 0.2 ml/min + 2 PV at 0.4 ml/min)• Increase in oil wettability as Acid No increases
Wat
er w
et
Saturation Method (Springer et al., 2003)Evaporation Technique instead of porous plate
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Saturation Method (Springer et al., 2003)Evaporation Technique instead of porous plate
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FEI Quanta650 FEG SEM
Vinci Rotosilenta 630RS
Equipment Used
Vinci IFT 700 Instrument
1. Saturate with Brine3. Age
2. Centrifuge Drainage0. Core and sections
Section1
Core
Section 2
Experimental Methodology
b. Contact Angle c. SEM-MLAa. USBM
Experimental Methodology
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4. Determine Wettability
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1
2
4
57
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Capillary Pressure Curves
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-0,4
-0,2
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
I wby
USB
M
Aging time (days)
USBM Wettability Index
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Chalk 1Aged: 6 daysTemp: 90 oC
Chalk 2Aged: 9 daysTemp: 90 oC
Chalk 3 Aged: 12 daysTemp: 60 oC
65o 66o
Chalk 4Aged: 15 daysTemp: 90 oC
Chalk 5Aged: 18 daysTemp: 90 oC
Chalk 7Aged: 30 daysTemp: 90 oC
102o 108o85o
78o
Contact Angle
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Contact Angle
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SEM-MLA
393.8 cm
Aged: 30 daysSalinity: 64,000 ppmTemp: 90oC
Oil = 46% (30 days) Oil = 10% (6 Days)
5 mm
3.8
cm
SEM-MLA
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Colour Mineral 6 Days(Area %)
9 Days(Area %)
12 Days(Area %)
15 Days(Area %)
18 Days(Area %)
21 Days(Area %)
30 Days(Area %)
Carbonate 8 21 61 3 57 50 31
Halite 82 60 12 60 6 11 23
Oil 10 19 27 37 37 39 46
Others 0 3 3 4 3 1 2
MLA: Chalk sample 1 (aged 6 days) MLA: Chalk sample 7 (aged 30 days)
SEM-MLA
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# f(%)
Brine K(mD)
Time (days) Swi (%) Sor (%) θ (o)
(Std Dev)
USBM Index
Oil(%)
1 38.57 2.10 6 64.71 19.23 65 (29) 0.368 102 38.49 1.90 9 54.32 13.82 66 (26) 0.510 193 37.76 2.01 12 58.10 6.10 78 (9) 0.005 274 36.93 1.92 15 62.61 8.81 85 (7.5) 0.053 375 38.04 1.96 18 54.15 4.13 102 (6.2) 0.864 376 38.06 2.00 21 54.33 4.28 110 (4.2) -0.018 397 38.12 1.95 30 58.64 2.15 108 (4.5) -0.165 46
Results
Conclusions & Take Away Points
Examine the time and temperature required to achieve Wettability Changes in Chalk holding Rock, Oil, and Brine Constant
Take Away Points:• Saturation methods matter• Consistent results from USBM-Amott, Contact Angle, and SEM-MLA• The time to screen wettability restoration can possibly be reduced
using thin sections
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CREATIVITY
• We’re working on similar and complimentary research at Memorial• Welcome collaboration• Creativity comes from many sources of inspiration
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Academic Collaborations
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Funding Partners
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