hidden costs: product selection with life cycle assessment in mind
DESCRIPTION
The presentation takes a look at how Life Cycle Assessment can be used in product selection in the building and interior design industries.TRANSCRIPT
HIDDEN COSTS:Product Selection with Life Cycle Assessment in Mind
June 15, 2011
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Allison Beer McKenzie, AIA, LEED APAssociateArchitectDirector of Sustainability
Carrie Malatesta, IIDA, LEED APAssociate
Senior Interior Designer
Introductions
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Learning Objectives
• Distinguish between LCA and LCCA
• Appraise the tools and techniques available for LCA/LCCA
• Explore product certifications that use LCA/LCCA
• Assess current examples of LCA/LCCA in the interior design industry
• Apply LCA/LCCA to our own product selection processes
1.0LCCA and LCA Defined
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Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA):
An assessment of the total cost of owning a product over its lifetime.
1.0
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LCCA Cycle
PurchaseInstallation
1.0
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LCCA Cycle1.0
PurchaseInstallation
OperationsMaintenance
Repair
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LCCA Cycle1.0
PurchaseInstallation
OperationsMaintenance
Repair
Disposal
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Life Cycle Assessment or Analysis (LCA):
An assessment of the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product’s life and death (or rebirth)
1.0
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LCA Cycle1.0
ExtractionHarvest
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LCA Cycle1.0
ExtractionHarvest
ManufacturingTransportation
Installation
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LCA Cycle1.0
ExtractionHarvest
ManufacturingTransportation
Installation
OperationsMaintenance
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LCA Cycle1.0
ExtractionHarvest
ManufacturingTransportation
Installation
OperationsMaintenance
DisposalReuse
Recycling
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LCA Considerations:
• Fossil Fuel Depletion
• Toxin Release
• Non-Renewable Resources
• Ozone Depletion/Creation
• Water Use
• Nutrification/Eutrofication
• Acidification
• Embodied Energy
1.0
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LCA Cycle1.0
Cradle to DeathOr
Cradle to Cradle
Cradle to Gate
2.0LCA Tools and Techniques
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182.0
ISO 14040 Series Standards:
• Set standards and criteria for creating reliable Life Cycle Assessments
• Aim to establish usable metrics
192.0
ISO 14020 Series Standards:
• Many environmental product certifications use the guidelines established in the ISO 14020 series
• These standards set the criteria for environmental labels and declarations
202.0
ISO 14020 Series Standards:
Type 1: multi-attribute label developed by a third party
212.0
ISO 14020 Series Standards:
Type 1: multi-attribute label developed by a third party
Type 2: single-attribute label developed by the producer
222.0
ISO 14020 Series Standards:
Type 1: multi-attribute label developed by a third party
Type 2: single-attribute label developed by the producer
Type 3: eco-label based on a full lifecycle assessment
232.0
ISO 14020 Series Standards:
Type 3 Labels:
• Contain quantified data on the life cycle of the product
• Enable comparisons between similar products
• Are developed using predetermined parameters
• Are subject to the administration of the program administrator
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BEES(Building for Environmental and Economic Stability)
2.0
• Uses the LCA approach specified in ISO 14040 to address environmental performance which addresses all stages of product life
ws680.nist.gov/Bees/
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BEES(Building for Environmental and Economic Stability)
2.0
• Uses the LCA approach specified in ISO 14040 to address environmental performance which addresses all stages of product life
• Allows you to select numerous products from within a category to compare.
ws680.nist.gov/Bees/
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BEES(Building for Environmental and Economic Stability)
2.0
• Uses the LCA approach specified in ISO 14040 to address environmental performance which addresses all stages of product life
• Allows you to select numerous products from within a category to compare.
• Allows you to assign different weights to the environmental factors that are being analyzed.
ws680.nist.gov/Bees/
AcidificationCriteria Air Pollutants
EcotoxicityEutrophication
Fossil Fuel DepletionGlobal Warming
Habitat AlterationHuman Toxicity- Cancer
Human Toxicity-Noncancer
Indoor Air QualityOzone Depletion
SmogWater Intake
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BEES(Building for Environmental and Economic Stability)
2.0
ws680.nist.gov/Bees/
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BEES(Building for Environmental and Economic Stability)
2.0
• Each of the 14 factors can be examined individually to see the impact of each life phase
ws680.nist.gov/Bees/
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BEES(Building for Environmental and Economic Stability)
2.0
• Uses the ASTM standard LCCA method to assess economic performance which covers initial cost, replacement, operation, maintenance and repair, and disposal.
ws680.nist.gov/Bees/
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BRE Green Guide to Specification2.0
• Uses the LCA approach specified in ISO 14040 to address environmental performance.
www.bre.co.uk/greenguide/
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BRE Green Guide to Specification2.0
• Uses the LCA approach specified in ISO 14040 to address environmental performance.
• Product ratings are available based on building type such as commercial, educational or domestic and then by component or category, such as floor finishes.
www.bre.co.uk/greenguide/
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BRE Green Guide to Specification2.0
• Uses the LCA approach specified in ISO 14040 to address environmental performance.
• Product ratings are available based on building type such as commercial, educational or domestic and then by component or category, such as floor finishes.
• The guide grades each of the products in a category relative to each other. The ranking scales may vary by building type and category.
www.bre.co.uk/greenguide/
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BRE Green Guide to Specification2.0
Climate ChangeWater Extraction
Mineral ExtractionOzone DepletionHuman Toxicity
Ecotoxity to FreshwaterNuclear Waste
Ecotoxicity to LandWaste Disposal
Fossil Fuel DepletionEutrophicationOzone Creation
AcidificationKG of CO2 eq. www.bre.co.uk/greenguide/
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LCA Calculator2.0
• Evaluates specific products
www.lcacalculator.com/
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LCA Calculator2.0
• Evaluates specific products
• Relies on detailed information about the product’s production, transportation, maintenance and disposal
www.lcacalculator.com/
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LCA Calculator2.0
• Evaluates specific products
• Relies on detailed information about the product’s production, transportation, maintenance and disposal
• May be most appropriate for manufacturers
www.lcacalculator.com/
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Pharos Project2.0
• Subscription Service
www.pharosproject.net
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Pharos Project2.0
• Subscription Service
• Rates specific products in 5 categories: VOC, User Toxics, Manufacturer Toxics, Renewable Materials, Renewable Energy
www.pharosproject.net
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Pharos Project2.0
• Subscription Service
• Rates specific products in 5 categories: VOC, User Toxics, Manufacturer Toxics, Renewable Materials, Renewable Energy
• Dependent on public information and manufacturer cooperation
www.pharosproject.net
3.0LCA Certifications
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413.0
ISO 14020 Series Standards:
Type 1: multi-attribute label developed by a third party
Type 2: single-attribute label developed by the producer
Type 3: eco-label based on a full lifecycle assessment
423.0
ISO 14020 Series Standards:
Type 1 Labels:
• Must look at multiple criteria such as recycled content, toxins and renewable energy
• Enable comparisons between products in the same category
• Includes some aspects of LCA but requirements are not nearly as stringent as those for Type 3
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Environmental Choice EcoLogo3.0
• ISO 14020 Type 1 label
www.ecologo.org
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Environmental Choice EcoLogo3.0
• ISO 14020 Type 1 label
• Addresses multiple environmental impacts through the life of the product www.ecologo.org
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Environmental Choice EcoLogo3.0
• ISO 14020 Type 1 label
• Addresses multiple environmental impacts through the life of the product
• Different standards are available for different product types
www.ecologo.org
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Environmental Choice EcoLogo3.0
• ISO 14020 Type 1 label
• Addresses multiple environmental impacts through the life of the product
• Different standards are available for different product types
• Available for a wide variety of product types
www.ecologo.org
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EU Flower Label3.0
• ISO 14020 Type 1 label
www.eco-label.com
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EU Flower Label3.0
• ISO 14020 Type 1 label
• Criteria exist for energy consumption, toxicity, recyclability and waste prevention.
www.eco-label.com
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EU Flower Label3.0
• ISO 14020 Type 1 label
• Criteria exist for energy consumption, toxicity, recyclability and waste prevention.
• All aspects of the product’s creation and use including extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal are examined.
www.eco-label.com
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EU Flower Label3.0
• ISO 14020 Type 1 label
• Criteria exist for energy consumption, toxicity, recyclability and waste prevention.
• All aspects of the product’s creation and use including extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal are examined.
• Available for all product types except food, beverages, pharmaceuticals and medical devices
www.eco-label.com
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EU Flower Label3.0
• ISO 14020 Type 1 label
• Criteria exist for energy consumption, toxicity, recyclability and waste prevention.
• All aspects of the product’s creation and use including extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal are examined.
• Available for all product types except food, beverages, pharmaceuticals and medical devices
• The official environmental product label for the European Union
www.eco-label.com
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Cradle to Cradle Certification3.0
• Not officially an ISO 14020 Type 1 label
mbdc.com
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Cradle to Cradle Certification3.0
• Not officially an ISO 14020 Type 1 label
• Criteria exist for material health, material reutilization, renewable energy use, water stewardship and social responsibility.
mbdc.com
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Cradle to Cradle Certification3.0
• Not officially an ISO 14020 Type 1 label
• Criteria exist for material health, material reutilization, renewable energy use, water stewardship and social responsibility.
• All aspects of the product’s creation and use including extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal are examined.
mbdc.com
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Cradle to Cradle Certification3.0
• Not officially an ISO 14020 Type 1 label
• Criteria exist for material health, material reutilization, renewable energy use, water stewardship and social responsibility.
• All aspects of the product’s creation and use including extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal are examined.
• Available for all product types
mbdc.com
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Cradle to Cradle Certification3.0
• Not officially an ISO 14020 Type 1 label
• Criteria exist for material health, material reutilization, renewable energy use, water stewardship and social responsibility.
• All aspects of the product’s creation and use including extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal are examined.
• Available for all product types
• Has four levels of certification: basic, silver, gold and platinum
mbdc.com
4.0Industry Examples
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Industry Certifications4.0
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Industry Certifications4.0
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Industry Certifications4.0
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Industry Certifications4.0
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Industry Certifications4.0
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Industry Certifications4.0
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Industry Certifications4.0
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Industry Certifications4.0
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Industry Certifications4.0
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Interface4.0
• Metrics have been developed for:
• Energy• Climate• Waste• Facilities• Transportation
• Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) focus on LCA
www.interfaceglobal.com/Sustainability/Interface-Story.aspx
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Antron Carpet Fiber4.0
• Total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis addresses one aspect of LCCA
• Investigates the impact of carpet fibers that require less maintenance over the product life span
antron.net/content/toolbox/ant05_01.shtml
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Antron Carpet Fiber4.0
• Life cycle impact (LCI) calculator identifies potential energy and emission reductions
• Investigates the impact of carpet fibers that reduce material use and disposal by having a longer serviceable life
antron.net/content/toolbox/ant05_06.shtml
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DIRTT ICEberg4.0
• The ICEberg program helps compare long term costs of conventional and modular construction through LCA techniques
• The software takes into account environmental considerations of both systems such as CO2emissions for transportation and likely waste generation
dirtt.net/public/sustainability/proof.php
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DIRTT ICEberg4.0
• The program even accounts for occupant health and comfort levels during the use phase with analysis of VOCs and Acoustics
dirtt.net/public/sustainability/proof.php
5.0Applying LCA/LCCA
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Applying LCA/LCAA
STEP 1: Ensure that you understand the elements of LCA/LCCA
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Applying LCA/LCAA
STEP 1: Ensure that you understand the elements of LCA/LCCA
STEP 2: Use LCA tools like BEES or the BRE Green Guide to keep LCA considerations in mind when comparing product type options such as resilient flooring vs. carpet vs. ceramic tile
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Applying LCA/LCAA
STEP 1: Ensure that you understand the elements of LCA/LCCA
STEP 2: Use LCA tools like BEES or the BRE Green Guide to keep LCA considerations in mind when comparing product type options such as resilient flooring vs. carpet vs. ceramic tile
STEP 3: Look to product certifications and manufacturer tools to help you choose between products of the same type
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Tips
• Pick you battles- whole building LCA is still evolving
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Tips
• Pick you battles- whole building LCA is still evolving
• Is LCCA enough? Understand when delving deeper into LCA is crucial
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Tips
• Pick you battles- whole building LCA is still evolving
• Is LCCA enough? Understand when delving deeper into LCA is crucial
• Compare data from multiple sources if possible
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Tips
• Pick you battles- whole building LCA is still evolving
• Is LCCA enough? Understand when delving deeper into LCA is crucial
• Compare data from multiple sources if possible
• Manufacturer tools can be very helpful but keep an eye out for greenwashing
