Hieroglyphic NumeralsHieroglyphic Numerals

Egyptian numeralsEgyptian numerals

Additive System

The eye of HorusThe eye of Horus

The Battle of Seth and HorusThe Battle of Seth and Horus

Seth murders his brother Osiris

Horus goes to revenge his father

Big Seth mutilates Horus’ eye

Horus castrates Seth

Thote collects pieces of eye and heals it

Eye is now symbol of wholeness

Earliest engravingEarliest engraving

King Narmer’s club handleKing Narmer’s club handle3000-2900 BC3000-2900 BC

Egyptian hieratic numeralsEgyptian hieratic numerals

Greek Acrophonic NumeralsGreek Acrophonic Numerals

Greek acrophonic numeralsGreek acrophonic numerals

Multiplicative System

Roman NumeralsRoman Numerals

Roman Numerals

Roman numeralsRoman numerals

Development of Development of Roman Roman

Numerals for Numerals for Large NumbersLarge Numbers

Archaic Chinese Archaic Chinese numeralsnumerals

14th – 11th centuries BC

Archaic Archaic ChineseChinese

Numerals Numerals

Those Magnificent MayansThose Magnificent Mayans

Ordinary Mayan numeralsOrdinary Mayan numerals

ZeroZero

Ground zero

Japanese zero

ZeroZeroOrigin- Arabic al-sifer = zero

Hundi- sunya = void, empty - shunya = zero

English- cipher = meaning empty space old names- aught, naught, and cipher

The History of ZeroThe History of Zero

The AbacusThe Abacus• Latin = abacus/abaci

• Greek = abax or abakon = table or tray

• From Semitic word abq= dust, sand

The Table of The Table of SalamisSalamis

4th or 5th century BC

Found on the island of Salamis in 1846

Ancient Counting DevicesAncient Counting Devices

Ancient Chinese Ancient Chinese counting gridcounting grid

Counting devices of the Middle AgesCounting devices of the Middle Ages

Modern AbaciModern Abaci