LUNG CANCER

-3&J- Lung Cancer 10 (1993) 123-150

Abstracts Epidemiology and etiology

12-O-Tetradecanoylpborbol W-acetate induced differentiation in humao Itang squamous carcinoma cells Rabiesz GJ, Langdon SP, Anderson L, Ritchie AA, Miller WR, Smyth JF. ICRF Medical Oncology Unit, Wewm Genwal Hospiral, Crew.? Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU. Br 1 Cancer 1992;66:439-43.

Three human lung squmow cnrcinoma cell lines (NXOO2, CX140 and CX143)demonstratefeoturesofsquamousdiffereatiation includiig iovolucrin synthesis nod mmpetence to form comifiecI envelopes. 12- O-Tetradecanoylph&oI I3-acetate inhibits growth of these cell lines nod this growth inhibition is associated with &cat diffematiation.

Enviromnental tobacco smoke and lung cancer risk in nonsmoking women Stockwell HG, Goldman AL, Lymao GH, Ness CI, Armstroog AW, Pinkham PA et al. Dept. of Epidmriology/Biost~~lics, ColrcgC of Public Health. University of Sowh Florida. Tampa, FL 33612-3805. 1 Nat1 Cancer lnst 1992;84:1417-22.

Background; Exposure to envimnmeutel tobacco smoke (passive smoking) basbeensoggested tobe~uuseofhmgcaocer. althoughearly epidemiologic studies have produced inconsistent results. Purpose: We conducted M epidemiologic case-cootml stody to assess the relationship between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke nod long caocer risk amoog women who have never smoked (i.e., having smoked for a total of <6 months or having smoked < LOO cigarertes in their lifetimes). Methods: Cpse patients (0 = 210) were women with histologically confirmedprimatycarcioompsofthelungwbowerelifetimenonsmokers. They were identified through hospital tumor registries and the Florida Cancer Data System of the Statewide Caocer Registry. Commonity- based control women (n = 301) were also lifetimenonsmokers and were Identified through random-digit dialing. Details oo cbildbcai and adulthood exposures to environmental tobacco smoke were ascertained through in&views with the study participants themselves or with surrogate respondeats. Risks were calculated in tern of smoke-years, defined as the sum of the reported years of exposure to cigarette smoke from each smoker in the household. Results: The risk of lung cancer more than doubled forwomeu who reported 40 or more smoke-years of household exposure during adulthood (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1. I-5.3) or 22 or more smoke-years of exposure during childhood aod adolescence (OR = 2.4; 95 % CI = 1. l- 5.4). kskswerehighest fornon-adenocarcinomahmgcawers, Plthough modest elevations in risk were also observed for adenocarcinomas. When a surrogate respondent other thao the patient’s husbaod provided mformation on exposure, the risk estimate were considerably lower. Conclusion: These findings suggest that long-term exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of long cancer in women who have never smoked.

Tobacm-dated - in relation to prevalence of drinking and smoking in Ems&n Austria Swoboda l-l. Friedl H-P. 1. HNO-Klbdk. Uniwmirat BGw, hatgmsc 14, A-1090 wicn J Caocer Res Clin Gowl 1992;118:621-5.

Fastem Austria regional mortality patterns of oral cpllcer (oral cavity, pharynx sod larynx) sod oesophageal, lung nod ~‘-inq bledder -per Were c~~red to smoker rates nnd to liver cirrhosis mortality by typeofresidence: Vienna(1.7 x lobinhabitants), middletowns(50,OC@- 100,~ and lO,OUO-50,000 iobabitants), small towns (2,000-1o,000 inhabitants)Pndrursle-calegorizedbyagrarisnqootn 3( IO%, IOW- 2O%~d>2O%,.Tbeshdyarep(Viauu,LowetAurtriaandBurgenland) covers 23,600 w with 3.23 x 106 inhabitants. In men, liver cirrhosis

correlated negatively with smoker rates (r = -0.74, P = 0.1). Deaths from oral cancer nod oe.wphegeaI caocer con-elated significaotly with deaths from liver cirrhosis (I = 0.81, P = 0.03; t = 0.78, P = 0.04, respectively) but not with smoker rates; lung cancer and bladder caocer correlated sigoiticaotly with smoker rates (r = 0.91, P = 0.01; r = 0.83, P = 0.04, respectively), but oat with liver cin-bosis. In women, similar urban-rumI gradients for all parameters resulted in a positive correlation behveeo liver cirrhosis and smoker rates (I = 0.59, P = 0.22) and a significant correlation of lung caocer with liver cirrhosis (r = 0.75, P = 0.05). Gral cancer correlated significantly with liver cirrhosis (r = 0.83. P = 0.02). but not witb smoker rates; long cancer correlated more significaotly with smoker rates (r = 0.92, P = 0.01) than with liver cirrhosis; bladder cancer correlated positively with smokerrates(r = 0.70, P = O.l2).Geogmphicaldishibutionofondand esophageal cancer in Eastern Austria seems thus to be highly subject to the prevalence of heavy driokiig. Sociocultwd influences upon the occurrenceoftbesecancersseemtobemediatedthroughdrinkinghabits rather tbaa through smoking habits alone.

Combined efleets of employment in wanilm ore mines, sitiiis, and tobacco smoking on the lung cancer risk in men. A case-control

study in the arty Aue/Saxoay. Pr&ninary results Laossmano D, Meboert W-H. Klinis&-diagnosrischcr Bereich,

BundesgcpundbeitsamI~, Waidowallec I I?, 1157 Berlin. Wiss Umw 1992;Suppl July:57-63.

The county Aue beloogs since more then forty years to the main regions of the Saxooiao uranium ore mioing. In the male population of this county an elevated incidence of lung cancers was observable in comparison to the average of the East Gennao coontrie~. For this ress~n an orientyiog case-control study was performed in order to tied risk factors might be cootribotiog to this elevated iocidence. Our resolts showthPtempIoyment~tbeurPniumminingcomppny‘WISMUTAG*. a preexisting silicosis by miners, cod tobacco smoking are significant risk factors for the development of lung cancers io this population. These three factors modify the long cp0ce.r risk in no overadditive sense. The elevated long cancer incidence in the male population of tbis county IS explaiaable by the influence of occupatiotlnl factors in umoium ore mining.

High-fat foods and the risk of loog cancer Goodman MT, Hankin JH, Wilkens LR, Kolonel LN. Epidemiology Program, CancerResearch Center, UniwrsityofHawaii, 1236Lauhala StreeI, Honolulu, HI 96813. Epidemiology 1992;3:288-99.

Weconductedapopolation-bpsedcnsesontrol stodyoftheassociatio of cbetary cholesterol and fat with long cancer behveeo 1983 and 1985 on Oabu, Hawaii. The study population included 226 men and 100 women with lung cancer, and 597 male sod 268 female community controls matched for age ( f 5 years) and sex. There was a positive dose- responserelation~~thewnsumptionofprocesFedmeats(luncheon meats, bacon, sausage), dairy foods (whole milk, regular ice cream), eggs, and particular desserts (fruit pies. custard/cream pies) and the risk of lung cancer in men. We also found a positive trend in the risk of lung cancer in women wth increasing intake of sane processed meats (bacon, Span) and desserts (cakes, custard/cream pies). The dose- response relation tended to be stronger among mea who were heavy smokers and whowerediagnosed withsquamouscell cancerofthe long. A positive trend in risk was found for nitrite intake in men and dimethylnitmsamioe intake in men and women. These data indicate that smokers with a high intake of foods rich in fat and animal protein or who have a preference for cured meats are at increased risk of lung cancer.