high-level goals and low-level systems: how can computers help solving complex problems? piek vossen...
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High-level goals and low-level systems: how can computers help solving complex problems?
Piek Vossen and Roxane SegersVU University Amsterdam
KYOTO (ICT-211423)Yielding Ontologies for Transition-Based OrganizationFP7: Intelligent Content and Semantics
http://www.kyoto-project.eu/1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and ExchangeFebruary, 2-3, 2009, Artis Amsterdam
1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and Exchange, February, 2-3, 2009, Artis AmsterdamICT-211423
Overview
1. analysis of the user questions
(provided by ECNC and WWF)
a. clear cases
b. unclear cases and possible solutions
2. Concepts and relations
3. Discussion: how to use knowledge discovery to answer complex questions
1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and Exchange, February, 2-3, 2009, Artis AmsterdamICT-211423
Analysis of the user questions
▪Total of 330 questions from WWF and ECNC.
▪ Analysis of question type (what, where, who, when, how etc).
▪ Words that express the relation that is asked for
1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and Exchange, February, 2-3, 2009, Artis AmsterdamICT-211423
Classification of questions• Finding Definitions, e.g.
– What are the drivers?– What are ecosystem services?
• Pin-Pointing Sources– Where are biodiversity hotspots?– Who is an expert on biodiversity?
• Information Retrieval, e.g.– What is the current status of a specie?– What are the most recent countings of a certain specie?
• Examples (of best practices), e.g.– Best practices of resource management in poor area's?– Are there examples of nature conservation and poverty elivation?– What are good examples of E.S.?
• High level questions, e.g.– What are the key biodiversity indicators in a certain area?– What is the effect of climate change and species diversity?– What is the impact of declining bee populations on agricultural productivity?– Which rare and threatened species/ecosystems are people most dependent on for
economic benefits?
1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and Exchange, February, 2-3, 2009, Artis AmsterdamICT-211423
Baseline retrieval results 30 high-level questions,
Result Rank
CONFIRMED
DISAPPROVED
UNDECIDED
Total
0 13 20.31% 27 20.30% 10 15.87% 50 19.23%
1 6 9.38% 9 6.77% 9 14.29% 24 9.23%
2 8 12.50% 13 9.77% 7 11.11% 28 10.77%
3 5 7.81% 6 4.51% 3 4.76% 14 5.38%
4 8 12.50% 6 4.51% 2 3.17% 16 6.15%
5 2 3.13% 7 5.26% 3 4.76% 12 4.62%
6 2 3.13% 6 4.51% 4 6.35% 12 4.62%
7 2 3.13% 2 1.50% 1 1.59% 5 1.92%
8 4 6.25% 3 2.26% 1 1.59% 8 3.08%
9 1 1.56% 5 3.76% 0 0.00% 6 2.31%
-1 13 20.31% 49 36.84% 23 36.51% 85 32.69%
Total 64 24.62% 133 51.15% 63 24.23% 260
1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and Exchange, February, 2-3, 2009, Artis AmsterdamICT-211423
Some numbers…
Example of question analysis:
• What is the effect of poverty on biodiversity? causes• How can sustainable financing influence livelihood? causes
What is 41.2%How 23.9% What/Which 16.9%Auxiliary verbs 9.3% Where 3.9%Why 1.2%When 0.6%Who 0.6%
1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and Exchange, February, 2-3, 2009, Artis AmsterdamICT-211423
• What is the impact of dogs on wildlife?Canine x Process (spreading disease, hunting?)
Organism x Process (decreasing?)
• What is the effect of hedgerows on air quality?
Artefact x Process
Attribute x Process (Pollution?)
Difficult causal relations (no search results)
1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and Exchange, February, 2-3, 2009, Artis AmsterdamICT-211423
What is the effect of hedgerows on air quality?
HEDGEROW AIR QUALITY
wildlife corridor
aerosols
soil erosion air pollution
biodiversity
aerosolsbiodiversity
Association
1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and Exchange, February, 2-3, 2009, Artis AmsterdamICT-211423
Decomposition of a high level question
hedgerows air quality
aerosols
dust smog
airborne particles
aerosols
capture,interception
hyponym
role
hyponym
1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and Exchange, February, 2-3, 2009, Artis AmsterdamICT-211423
What does it take?
• Extract all events and properties involving hedgerows ► direct relations, causal chains, roles, etc.
• Extract all events and properties involving air quality ► direct relations, causal chains, roles, etc
• Do the same for any synonyms, hyponyms co-hyponyms, or hyperonyms
• Extract dates and locations for events and properties
• Try to intersect and quantify the results
1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and Exchange, February, 2-3, 2009, Artis AmsterdamICT-211423
Small preliminary domain model
Are there huge negative effects with regard to eco-networks and alien invasive species?
eco-network Area
core area
buffer area
[area connector]
stepping stone corridor
Culturalhedgerow
canalstonewall
Naturalwatercourses
riverscoastlines
breeding pond
migration corridorcommuting corridordispersal corridor
bird migration corridorterrestrial dispersal corridor
1st Kyoto workshop: Environmental Knowledge Transition and Exchange, February, 2-3, 2009, Artis AmsterdamICT-211423
Versions of KYOTO
• KYOTO-1:– extract all countings of species & populations
in regions for dates and periods
• KYOTO-2:– changes in numbers of species and sizes of
populations, temporal relations and causal relations
• KYOTO-3:– to be determined....