High Molar Volume Technology - A Step Towards Sustainable

Chemistry

Contents1. Introduction2. Developments in Polymer Additive Technology

a) Pigment Dispersion Processb) DLVO Theoryc) Steric or Entropic Stabilizationd) HMV vs. HMWe) Ultra Charge Technologyf) Dispersing, De-aerating and Leveling Agents

3. Applications4. Summary

Introduction

High Solids and Waterborne coatings have gained wide acceptance as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional solventborne coatings.

However, there are Obstacles and Issues in these coatings, e.g., • Inadequate dispersion of pigments, • Micro/macro foam, • Inadequate substrate wetting, flow and leveling.

Introduction

New developments in multi-functional and multi-compatible

products enable formula adjustment.

Strong technical support to customers to resolve their issues by

providing simple and sustainable solutions.

The dispersion process involves 3 stages:

1. Wetting

2. De-agglomeration

3. Stabilization

Pigment Dispersion Process

Additives

PATCHAM’sNew High Molar Volume Dispersant Technology

PATCHAM HMV POLYMER

HMV CONCEPT IN DISPERSION PROCESS

DLVO THEORY

• Derjaguin, Landau and Verwey, Overbeek): stability of lyophobic colloids

• The best separation distance between two particles is at the critical distance or where combination of both attraction and repulsive forces is at zero.

Pigment Dispersion Process

Vt=Va+Vr s (sum forces)Va=vanderWaals attractionVr=Repulsion forcesEp: energy particles

Stabilisation: DLVO Theory interaction Attractive/ Repulsive forces

←Δd: decreasing distance between 2 particles

repu

lsio

natt

racti

on

V+

V-

Ep

Repulsive, electrostatic and/ or steric

Attractive, VanderWaals

ΔDA: Distance at which particles agglomerate

ΔDA

Steric or Entropic Stabilization

Main stabilization in apolar systems

Dispersant Requirements: - Contains affinic groups providing strong adsorption on pigment surface. - Resin/solvent compatible chains directed into the surrounding vehicle.

Pigment Dispersion Process

ΔDa: distance at which particles agglomerate

Conventional polymeric dispersants: low volume per mass

(Relatively) low layer thickness of the adsorbed layer cannot overcome attractive forces resulting to: agglomeration

adsorption layer cannot prevent agglomeration …

ΔDa

Higher volume contributes to thicker adsorbed layer, preventing attractive forces to dominate stabilizing forces: stable dispersion!

Thickness adsorption layer preventing agglomeration …

Pigment Dispersion

High Molar Volume(HMV) Polymer technology

Pigment Dispersion Process

1) Specific and molar volumes2) Molar volume can be calculated from group contributions3) Related to Mass and Packaging of matter4) Molecular mass is sum of mass composing atoms, packing volume is not5) Packing is influenced by

a) electronic structure of the atoms in the polymer [group contribution CH2CH2 vs. Aryl-gr.: +24% volume /equiv. mass]

b) Type of bondingc) Structural and spatial variation

High Molar Volume(HMV) Polymer Technology

HMW Vs. HMV

Less dense polymeric chain

results in weak repulsive forces

Highly dense polymeric chain

results in strong repulsive forces

HMV-ULTRA CHARGETECHNOLOGY

Latest Technology Development

HMV POLYMER

Latest developments: optimizing strength of adsorption polymer onto pigment

A-B-copolymer

A: anchoring functionality. Ultra-charge technology. B: entropic stabilizing furnctionality (HMV polymer design). Complex polymer

structure, containing polycyclic/ polyaliphatic backbone, insuring broadest compatibility

A B

• SB Product DA 900 Series: 932 for SB, Product DA 948 for SF• WB Product Series: DA 603

Ultra-Charge Technology

Adhesion strength dispersant onto pigment

Classical

Ultra-Charge

Single/ double/…. point anchoring Mono-format (just one chem. group, selective)

Multiple poles of charges Dispersion adhesion (van der Waals forces)

Multi groupings Chemical adhesion

Anionic Cationic

UC-Technology for robust anchoring of the stabilizing polymer onto a wide range of pigments

Ultra-Charge Technology

• Solvent is OK for dispersant• High pigment concentration

Optimal adhesion conditions

• Strongly diluted pigment dispersion• Solvent is too strong for dispersantDesorption dispersant, due to poor anchoring and desorption!

Consequence: poor performance, -strength, rub, low gloss, etc.

Classical problem: poor anchoring dispersant onto pigment Risk of de-sorption and loosing protection under adverse conditions, such as strongly

diluted dispersions, sharp solvents, inert pigments.

Ultra-Charge TechnologyStabilised with UCT based dispersant

• Solvent is OK for dispersant• High pigment concentration

Optimal adhesion conditions

• If solvent is very strong• Or at low pigment concentration…

still excellent adhesion conditions!!

Total system for best dispersion stability: Product HMV and Ultra Charge Technology

Ultra-Charge TechnologyApplication areas:Pigment dispersions In-plant tinters (RMPC, RFPC)Colorants Solventborne co-grinding systems InksAny SB dispersion system for robust anchoring conditions….

Optimal performances using Ultra-Charge Technology in conjunction with

HMV (high molar volume) stabilisation technology!

Product DA 3204. Designed with ultra dense adhesion charges, providing the strongest attachment onto pigment surface

HMV POLYMERWETTING/DISPERSING AGENT

KEY BENEFITS

High Pigment LoadingsEnhanced brilliance of colour and transparency

for organic pigments Improved opacity for opaque and inorganic

pigments. Improved leveling, high gloss and color strengthMulti-compatible

Polymeric De-Aerating Agents

Polymeric De-Aerating Agents

Challenges…. • Providing surface activity, maintaining film adhesion• Effectiveness in high film thickness applications• Speed of de-aeration• Compatibility

Solution:• Siloxane-modified polyalkylene chemistry (product AF 70)

Polymeric Leveling Agents

Polymeric Leveling Agents

Challenges…. • Effectiveness in high film viscosity applications• Providing surface activity, maintaining film adhesion• Compatibility

Solution:• Polyester chemistry (product LE 1066)

APPLICATIONS

HMV Polymer* Compatibility in Various Resins

HMV POlymers

Alkyd : Melamine

2K PU

Epoxy

Nitro

cellulosePolyester : Melamine

Thermoplastic acrylic

Acrylic : Melamine

* Product DA 932 for SB Product DA 948 for SF

Developments in Additives for

Solvent-Free Floor Coatings

Solvent-Free High Build Coatings

*The Additives Package for Solvent-free & High Build Coatings include:

Dispersing Agents - Product DA 948

Surface Modifiers - Product LE 1019, Product LE 1066

Defoamer - Product AF 70

Type of coating* Cross-linking End use

Solvent-free Epoxy Solvent-free Epoxy: Amine Two-component Floorings, Pipe coatings and Marine coatings

Solvent-free Epoxy Solvent-free Epoxy: Polyamide

Two-component Industrial maintenance coatings

Solvent-free Epoxy Solvent-free Epoxy : Phenolic

General Industrial, Bridges and Power plants

Solvent-free Polyurethane Solvent-free 1K and 2K PU Pipe coatings, Flooring

• Commercial buildings

• Parking areas & garages

• Manufacturing plants

• Warehouses

• Chemical plants

• Sports ground

• Food and beverage plants

• Laboratories, and more

APPLICATION AREAS

Solvent-Free Floor Coatings

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

IMPACT RESISTANCE

TOUGH / ELASTIC

ANTI -STATIC

ANTI-MICROBIAL

BASED ON THE END USE THE PROPERTIES REQUIRED…

Solvent-Free Floor Coatings

RESINOUS FLOORING

Epoxy Flooring

Polyurethane/Polyaspartic Flooring

Solvent-Free Floor Coatings

A. 3-component system

Part A : Co-grind epoxy paint Part B : Silica sand Part C : Hardener

B. 4-component system

Part A : Epoxy clear Part B : Pigment concentrates Part C : Silica sand Part D : Hardener

TYPES OF FLOORING SYSTEM

Solvent-Free Floor Coatings

ADDITIVE PACKAGE FOR EPOXY FLOORING

Dispersion additive :

Product DA 948 for Co-grind formulations

Defoaming additive : Product AF 70

Leveling additive : Product LE 1066

Solvent-Free Floor Coatings

Solvent-Free Co-Grinding Epoxy Floor

Guide formulation and study of

Product DA 948 in

3 – Pack systems

Solvent-Free Floor CoatingsSr.

No.

RAW MATERIALS EPOXY GREY EPOXY BLUE PROCEDURE

MILLBASE

1 EPOXY RESIN (100% SOLIDS) 30.00 30.00 Mix RM 1 and 2 until homogenous at 1000 rpm.2 Product DA 948 / Competitor 0.17 0.20

3 PIGMENT WHITE (PW 6) 9.00 10.00 Slowly add pigments and continue premix for 10 mins at 2000 rpm

4 PIGMENT BLACK (PBlk 7) 0.10 - Add glass beads and mill the sample until <15µm. (Approximately1.15 hrs)5 PIGMENT BLUE (PB 15:3) - 0.50

STABILIZATION

6 EPOXY RESIN (100% SOLIDS) 30.03 28.6After grinding, add RM 6 for stabilization. Mix for 2 mins at 2000 rpm. Filter Mill base.

LETDOWN

7 EPOXY RESIN (100% SOLIDS) 30.00 30.00Add the remaining RM’s in the mill base and mix for 10 mins at 1500 rpm.8 Product AF 70/ Competitor 0.50 0.50

9 Product LE 1066 / Competitor 0.20 0.20 TOTAL 100.00 100.00

SOP ON WHITE PIGMENT 1.9% 2.0%SOP ON BLACK PIGMENT 170%

SOP ON BLUE PIGMENT 40.0%

Mixing RatioPart A Base Paint 60.00Part B Silica Sand 40.00Part C Hardener2 24.50

Procedure -1 Mix Part A with Part B in the mixer 2 min at 1000 rpm.2 Add Part C to the mixture mix 2 min at 2000 rpm.3 Pour out samples in panels with borders to make up 2 mm thickness of film.4 Use spike roller after to destroy formed foam and to completely even out the film surface.5 Let sample dry for overnight.

Solvent-Free Floor Coatings

HMV Polymer Dispersant Co-grinding System in Epoxy Floor Coatings

Solvent-Free Floor Coatings

PROPERTIES EPOXY GREY EPOXY BLUE EPOXY GREY EPOXY BLUE

Wet PropertiesINITIAL AFTER STABILITY 1 MONTH 500C

PAT ADD DA 948

Reference Grades

PAT ADD DA 948

Reference Grades

PAT ADD DA 948

Reference Grades

PAT ADD DA 948

Reference Grades

Viscosity Premix (cps) 814.61 849.49 886.75 915.81

NAViscosity after Grinding (cps) 929.84 859.70 878.74 959.90

Viscosity of Paint (cps) 806.60 798.58 778.56 849.68 870.72 871.72 833.65 883.75

Wet Film Thickness 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm

Dry Film Properties

Gloss

20 80 75 89 83 80 72 85 80

Film Surface (Dry-Film)

Leveling Good leveling

Good leveling

Good leveling

Some cissing spots

observed

Good leveling

Good leveling

Good leveling

Good leveling

Floating No floatation

Very slight flotation

No floatation

Floatation observed

No floatation

Very slight flotation

No floatation

Very slight flotation

Solvent-Free Floor Coatings

Solvent-Free Floor Coatings

Solvent-Free Floor Coatings

Solvent-Free Epoxy Pigment Concentrates

Guide formulation and study of

HMV Polymer-Based Pigment concentrates in

4 – Pack systems

PART A ( Epoxy Clear ) %Epoxy resin 100% 15.34

Benzyl Alcohol 0.46

Epoxy Diluents 2.51

Product AF 70 0.09

Product LE 1066 0.06

Product LE 1019 0.04

Viscosity on B4 ford cup @ 30 deg C 115-120 sec

Part B ( Pigment paste)

Epoxy pigment concentrate 2.50

Part C

Epoxy Hardener 9.00

Part D

Silica sand 70.00

Total 100.00

“Self-Leveling” Epoxy Floor (6-8 mm thickness)Guide formulation

“High Thickness” Solvent-Free Epoxy Floor Coatings

7-8 mm thickness6-7 mm thickness

5-6 mm thicknessCustomer Panel

With Patcham AdditivesWith Patcham Additives

Shore D hardness : 70-80

Chemical resistance tests :

10%NaOH, 5% CH3COOH, 30% H2SO4, 10% HCL solutions

DI water, 1% Soap solution, Ethanol, Gasoline resistance

• PATCHAM additives have excellent film appearance than competitor samples• PATCHAM additives have comparable chemical resistance results with the

competitor.

Solvent-Free Epoxy Floor CoatingsHMV Polymer based Co-grinding System in Epoxy Floor Coatings

Conclusions

• Polymeric Dispersing Agents based on HMV technology give excellent

wetting and dispersing of full range of pigments.

• Polymeric De-aerating Agents enable air-release control in high build

coatings like in solvent-free epoxy floor coatings

• Silicon and silicone-free surface modifiers achieve best leveling and

customized slip properties

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